CN117385205A - Method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag - Google Patents
Method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN117385205A CN117385205A CN202311491779.7A CN202311491779A CN117385205A CN 117385205 A CN117385205 A CN 117385205A CN 202311491779 A CN202311491779 A CN 202311491779A CN 117385205 A CN117385205 A CN 117385205A
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- rare earth
- molten salt
- salt electrolysis
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 rare earth fluoride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/08—Chloridising roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery equipment, and discloses a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, which comprises the following steps: step one: uniformly mixing the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and anhydrous magnesium chloride according to a proportion; step two: roasting the mixture obtained in the step one in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a roasted product; step three: crushing the roasting product obtained in the second step; step four: and (3) mixing the roasting product obtained after crushing in the step (III) with an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution for reaction, and filtering after full reaction to obtain acid leaching residues and rare earth leaching liquid respectively. The beneficial effects achieved by the invention are as follows: compared with the process for recovering rare earth in the mainstream rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, the method has the advantages that the reagent input cost is obviously reduced, in addition, the fluorine-containing waste gas and the fluorine-containing waste water are not generated in the production process, and the process is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery equipment, in particular to a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag.
Background
Rare earth is widely applied to the fields of various new materials by virtue of excellent optical and magnetic properties, is praised as a treasury of new century high-tech and functional materials, along with the rapid decline of rare earth resource reserves, the rare earth resource is taken as an important strategic resource, and is urgently required to be protected and recovered, more than 95% of rare earth metals or alloys in industry are produced by adopting a fused salt electrolysis method of a fluoride fused salt system at present, smelting wastes such as waste anode, waste electrolyte, electrolytic sediment, splashing fused salt and the like are formed in the electrolysis process, and are called as rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag, according to statistics, 5000 tons of rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag are produced, the rare earth content in the electrolysis slag is generally 30-70%, the rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag has higher recovery value, and the rare earth components in the rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag take rare earth metals, rare earth fluoride and rare earth oxide as main existing forms, because rare earth fluoride has stable chemical property and is difficult to decompose by acid, the method becomes a key obstacle for efficiently extracting rare earth in molten salt slag, no matter the method is a concentrated sulfuric acid roasting method or a main-stream sodium hydroxide roasting method, the main idea of industrially recycling the rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag at present is to mix the rare earth molten salt slag with a transformation reagent and roast the mixture at high temperature, the rare earth fluoride which is difficult to decompose is converted into a rare earth compound which is easy to decompose by acid or dissolve in water, acid leaching or water leaching is adopted subsequently, rare earth is leached to a liquid phase, however, fluorine in the molten salt electrolytic slag is mainly transformed into a gas phase or a liquid phase, so that fluorine-containing waste water and waste gas are formed, environmental pollution is easily caused, the later treatment burden is increased, if fluorine is stably fixed in a solid phase on the premise that the efficient transformation of the rare earth fluoride into other easy-to-decompose rare earth compounds can be ensured, pollution caused by dispersed emission of fluorine can be avoided, meanwhile, rare earth is extracted efficiently.
The invention patent CN112981146A adopts calcium oxide and calcium chloride as roasting transformation reagents, rare earth fluoride is converted into rare earth oxide through mixed roasting, fluorine is fixed in slag in the form of calcium fluoride, hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid leaching is adopted subsequently, rare earth leaching liquid and calcium fluoride enrichment slag are respectively obtained, however, the method still has certain defects, such as that a small amount of calcium fluoride in transformation products is easy to dissociate during acid leaching, fluoride ions are released and recombined with the rare earth ions to form rare earth fluoride precipitates, the comprehensive extraction rate of rare earth is lower than a standard value, and the problems of poor rare earth leaching effect, high reagent input cost, emission of fluorine-containing waste water and waste gas and the like in the existing rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag recovery process are urgently needed to develop a high-efficiency, economic and environment-friendly rare earth fused salt electrolysis slag recovery extraction process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, which solves the problems of poor rare earth leaching effect, high reagent input cost and emission of fluorine-containing wastewater and waste gas in the existing rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag recovery process.
The invention provides a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, which comprises the following steps:
step one: uniformly mixing the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and anhydrous magnesium chloride according to a proportion;
step two: roasting the mixture in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a roasted product;
step three: crushing the roasting product;
step four: mixing the crushed roasting product with an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution for reaction, and filtering after full reaction to obtain acid leaching residues and rare earth leaching liquid respectively.
Further, fluoride and oxide are used as electrolyte in the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, and in the process of producing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy by a molten salt electrolysis method, various smelting waste slag comprising waste anode, waste electrolyte, electrolytic sediment, splash molten salt and the like is formed, wherein the content of the rare earth fluoride in the waste slag is 20-60%.
In the first step, the anhydrous magnesium chloride is mixed and added according to the molar weight of magnesium atoms as the reference, and the mixed and added amount is 0.3-3.0 times, preferably 0.5-1.0 times of the molar weight of fluorine atoms in the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag.
In the second step, the temperature of the mixed roasting of the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and the anhydrous magnesium chloride is controlled to be 300-1000 ℃, preferably 600-800 ℃, and the roasting time is controlled to be 0.5-5.0 h, preferably 1.5-2.5 h.
Further, in the third step, the crushing effect of the baked product obtained after the baking is finished should reach a granularity of less than 200 meshes.
In a further scheme, in the fourth step, the crushed roasting product is mixed with an aqueous solution of inorganic acid for reaction.
Further, the inorganic strong acid comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, and the hydrogen ion concentration in the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 0.5 to 9.0mol/L, preferably 2.0 to 4.0mol/L.
Further, the liquid-solid ratio of the roasting product to the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 1:1-30:1, preferably 10:1-20:1.
Further, the leaching temperature of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 30-90 ℃, preferably 60-90 ℃.
Further, the leaching time of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 0.5-5 h, preferably 1.0-2.0 h.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method of combining anhydrous magnesium chloride roasting with inorganic acid leaching is adopted, the rare earth in the rare earth fluoride molten salt electrolysis slag is extracted efficiently, the highest leaching rate is more than 99%, compared with the existing concentrated sulfuric acid roasting method and sodium hydroxide roasting method, the production of fluorine-containing waste gas and waste water is avoided, the process flow is simple, the actual production operation is facilitated, the main component in the obtained slag is magnesium fluoride, and the magnesium fluoride molten salt electrolysis slag can be used for other purposes such as fluxing agents for smelting magnesium and aluminum metal after the subsequent impurity removal and purification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the raw material rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag used in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an XRD pattern of acid leaching residue in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, for a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, comprising the steps of:
step one: uniformly mixing rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and anhydrous magnesium chloride according to a proportion;
step two: roasting the mixture in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a roasted product;
step three: crushing the roasting product;
step four: mixing the crushed roasting product with an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution for reaction, and filtering after full reaction to obtain acid leaching residues and rare earth leaching liquid respectively.
Taking 5kg of fluoride system rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag, wherein the total amount of REO is 57.23%, the mass ratio of magnesium chloride to the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is 1:3, uniformly mixing, roasting at 700 ℃ for 2.0h, grinding the roasted product to-200 meshes, leaching by adopting 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, leaching for 2.0h under the conditions that the liquid-solid ratio is 15:1 and the acid leaching temperature is 90 ℃, filtering the acid leaching product to respectively obtain acid leaching slag and acid leaching liquid, wherein the rare earth content in the acid leaching slag is 1.08%, and the comprehensive leaching rate of rare earth is 99.13%.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-3, a second embodiment of the present invention is based on the previous embodiment.
The rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag is characterized in that fluoride and oxide are used as electrolyte, and in the process of producing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy by a molten salt electrolytic method, a general name comprising various smelting waste residues such as waste anode, waste electrolyte, electrolytic sediment, splash molten salt and the like is formed, wherein the content of the rare earth fluoride in the waste residues is 20% -60%, in the first step, anhydrous magnesium chloride is mixed and added according to the molar weight of magnesium atoms and 0.3-3.0 times of the molar weight of fluorine atoms in the rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag, and preferably 0.5-1.0 times of the molar weight of fluorine atoms in the rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag.
3kg of fluoride system rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is taken, wherein the total amount of REO is 39.54%, the mass ratio of magnesium chloride to the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is 7:10, the roasting temperature is 800 ℃, the roasting time is 1.5h, after the roasting product is ground to be minus 200 meshes, 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is adopted for leaching, the liquid-solid ratio is 15:1, the leaching temperature is 80 ℃ for 1.5h, the acid leaching product is filtered to respectively obtain acid leaching slag and acid leaching liquid, the rare earth content in the acid leaching slag is 0.92%, and the comprehensive leaching rate of the rare earth is 99.35%.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1-3, a third embodiment of the present invention is based on the previous embodiment.
In the second step, the temperature of mixing and roasting the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and the anhydrous magnesium chloride is controlled to be 300-1000 ℃, preferably 600-800 ℃, the roasting time is controlled to be 0.5-5.0 h, preferably 1.5-2.5 h, in the third step, the crushing effect of the roasting product obtained after roasting is required to reach the granularity of less than 200 meshes, in the fourth step, the crushed roasting product is mixed and reacted with an inorganic acid aqueous solution, the inorganic acid comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration of hydrogen ions in the inorganic acid aqueous solution is controlled to be 0.5-9.0 mol/L, preferably 2.0-4.0 mol/L.
8kg of fluoride system rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is taken, wherein the total amount of REO is 41.13%, the mass ratio of magnesium chloride to the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is 1:2, the roasting temperature is 800 ℃, the roasting time is 2h, 3 mol/L nitric acid solution is adopted for leaching after the roasting product is ground to-200 meshes, the liquid-solid ratio is 10:1, the leaching temperature is 80 ℃ for 2.5h, the acid leaching product is filtered to respectively obtain acid leaching slag and acid leaching liquid, the rare earth content in the acid leaching slag is 1.66%, and the comprehensive leaching rate of the rare earth is 98.63%.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1-3, a fourth embodiment of the present invention is based on the previous embodiment.
The liquid-solid ratio of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 1:1-30:1, preferably 10:1-20:1, the leaching temperature of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 30-90 ℃, preferably 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 0.5-5 h, preferably 1.0-2.0 h.
8kg of fluoride system rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is taken, wherein the total amount of REO is 41.13%, the mass ratio of magnesium chloride to the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is 9:10, the roasting temperature is 500 ℃, the roasting time is 0.5h, after the roasting product is ground to be minus 200 meshes, 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is adopted for leaching, the liquid-solid ratio is 3:1, the leaching temperature is 60 ℃ for 0.5h, the acid leaching product is filtered to respectively obtain acid leaching slag and acid leaching liquid, the rare earth content in the acid leaching slag is 11.68%, and the comprehensive leaching rate of the rare earth is 72.53%.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: uniformly mixing the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and anhydrous magnesium chloride according to a proportion;
step two: roasting the mixture in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a roasted product;
step three: crushing the roasting product;
step four: mixing the crushed roasting product with an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution for reaction, and filtering after full reaction to obtain acid leaching residues and rare earth leaching liquid respectively.
2. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag is a generic term for various smelting waste slag comprising waste anode, waste electrolyte, electrolytic sediment, splash molten salt and the like, wherein fluoride and oxide are used as electrolyte, and the content of rare earth fluoride in the waste slag is 20-60 percent in the process of producing rare earth metal or rare earth alloy by a molten salt electrolysis method.
3. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the mixed addition amount of anhydrous magnesium chloride is added according to 0.3-3.0 times, preferably 0.5-1.0 times of the molar amount of fluorine atoms in the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag based on the molar amount of magnesium atoms.
4. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the temperature of mixing and roasting the rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag and the anhydrous magnesium chloride is controlled to be 300-1000 ℃, preferably 600-800 ℃, and the roasting time is controlled to be 0.5-5.0 h, preferably 1.5-2.5 h.
5. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the crushing effect of the roasted product obtained after roasting is required to reach granularity smaller than 200 meshes.
6. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the crushed roasting product is mixed with an aqueous solution of inorganic acid for reaction.
7. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the inorganic strong acid comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration of hydrogen ions in the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 0.5-9.0 mol/L, preferably 2.0-4.0 mol/L.
8. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the liquid-solid ratio of the roasting product to the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 1:1-30:1, preferably 10:1-20:1.
9. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the leaching temperature of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 30-90 ℃, preferably 60-90 ℃.
10. The method for efficiently extracting rare earth from rare earth molten salt electrolysis slag according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the leaching time of the roasting product and the inorganic strong acid aqueous solution is controlled to be in the range of 0.5-5 h, preferably 1.0-2.0 h.
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