CN117380957A - 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117380957A CN117380957A CN202311405108.4A CN202311405108A CN117380957A CN 117380957 A CN117380957 A CN 117380957A CN 202311405108 A CN202311405108 A CN 202311405108A CN 117380957 A CN117380957 A CN 117380957A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of special molding of metal materials, in particular to a 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly comprises: a spring; and a connecting part connected with the spring, wherein the spring and the connecting part are integrally formed by 3D printing through a 3D printer, and the 3D printer completes 3D printing based on a three-dimensional model of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and a titanium alloy material determined for the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly. The method of the invention not only can realize the complex shape and special design of the spring, but also can integrally form the spring and the connecting parts, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency and the accuracy. In addition, the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly prepared by the method can be applied to equipment in severe environments such as high temperature, corrosion and the like, and stable operation and service life of the equipment are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special molding of metal materials, in particular to a 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Conventional spring manufacturing methods typically involve multiple processes, such as cutting, forming, welding, etc., resulting in increased production costs, time consuming and scrap generation. In addition, the conventional spring manufacturing process requires that the springs and associated components be produced first and then assembled in multiple passes. This is not only time consuming but may introduce manufacturing errors and assembly problems. In some applications, the mounting location of the spring may be subject to stringent constraints, such as space constraints, assembly structures, and the like. Conventional spring manufacturing methods may not meet these particular requirements, requiring additional processing and assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention relates to an innovative method of manufacturing, namely, a method of 3D printing a titanium alloy spring assembly, and a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly manufactured by the method, which aims to solve the limitations of the conventional spring manufacturing method and provide an efficient and accurate manufacturing solution. The method is characterized in that a 3D printing technology is used for melting and solidifying titanium alloy materials layer by layer, the shape of a spring of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly is directly manufactured, and meanwhile, the spring and the connecting component are integrally formed.
Specifically, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly comprising: a spring; and a connecting part connected with the spring, wherein the spring and the connecting part are integrally formed by 3D printing through a 3D printer, and the 3D printer completes 3D printing based on a three-dimensional model of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and a titanium alloy material determined for the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly, comprising the steps of: a. creating a three-dimensional model for the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly; b. determining a titanium alloy material for preparing the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly and preparing the titanium alloy material into titanium alloy powder; c. setting printing parameters of a 3D printer based on the three-dimensional model and the titanium alloy material; d. based on the three-dimensional model, the 3D printer performs 3D printing by using the titanium alloy powder to obtain a 3D printing piece; e. and carrying out post-treatment and detection on the 3D printing piece to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly.
In an embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional model comprises at least one of a size, a shape, an internal structure, a connection location of a spring, and a connection part connected to the spring.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the titanium alloy powder ranges from 15 to 30 μm, and the particle size distribution of the titanium alloy powder satisfies D10: 5-15 mu m, D50: 15-25 μm, D90: 20-30 mu m.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step c, the printing parameters comprise at least one of laser power, scanning speed and layer thickness.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step D, 3D printing is performed using a selective laser melting technique, and step D includes: d1. inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printer, the 3D printer melting the titanium alloy powder layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model, and precisely solidifying each layer to gradually construct the shape of the 3D printed piece.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step d further comprises: d2. a predetermined structure is implemented within the 3D print, the predetermined structure including at least one of a cavity and threads.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step D, the 3D printing piece comprises a spring and a connecting part connected with the spring, and the spring and the connecting part are integrally formed through 3D printing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step e comprises: e1. performing surface treatment and heat treatment on the 3D printing piece; and e2, checking and testing the 3D printing piece processed in the step e1 to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly meeting the requirements.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step e further comprises: e3. and (3) optimizing and adjusting the manufacturing parameters of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly according to the inspection and test results in the step e2.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step e1, the 3D printing piece is subjected to surface treatment by adopting sand blasting and electrochemical polishing processes so as to meet the requirements of smoothness, and the smoothness after treatment is controlled within the range of Ra0.1-0.4; and heat treating the 3D printed article using thermal process conditions of vacuum annealing and aging to relieve stress.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly as described above in an unmanned aerial vehicle landing gear spring assembly or medical instrument spring assembly.
According to the invention, the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly is prepared by using a 3D printing technology, so that the complex shape and special design of the spring of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly can be realized, the spring and the connecting part can be integrally formed, and the manufacturing efficiency and accuracy are improved. The method is expected to be widely applied in various fields of aerospace, medical equipment, industrial machinery and the like, and brings new development opportunities for the field of spring manufacturing.
In addition, the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly prepared by the method can be applied to equipment in severe environments such as high temperature, corrosion and the like, and the stable operation and the service life of the equipment are ensured. The special design and manufacturing process of the spring can enable the spring to meet various special load and environment requirements, and the reliability and performance of industrial machinery are improved. In addition, the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly can be applied to the fields of automobile industry, sports goods manufacturing, research, innovation and the like, and has a wide application prospect.
The 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly and the preparation method thereof play a great value and potential in the aspects of customized production meeting special requirements, lightweight design, rapid prototyping and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention and that other embodiments may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, all the expressions "first" and "second" are used to distinguish two entities with the same name but different entities or different parameters, and it is noted that the "first" and "second" are only used for convenience of expression, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are not described one by one.
3D printing techniques, also known as additive manufacturing techniques, manufacture three-dimensional objects by stacking materials layer by layer, as opposed to conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. The invention provides a method for preparing a spring or a spring assembly comprising the spring by adopting a 3D printing technology, which is a potential method to replace a plurality of procedures such as cutting, forming, welding and the like related to the traditional spring manufacturing method, and solves the problems of high production cost, high time consumption, waste generation and the like of the traditional spring manufacturing method. The spring assembly is prepared by adopting the 3D printing technology, the spring can be directly embedded into a required position in the design process, and the integrated forming (also called integrated printing) of the spring and a connecting part connected with the spring can be realized in the process of preparing the spring assembly by 3D printing, so that the working procedures of later assembly, adjustment, welding and the like are avoided, the manufacturing time is greatly saved, and the production efficiency is improved. The integrated forming capability enables the mounting position of the spring to meet design requirements more accurately, so that the assembly efficiency and accuracy are improved. In addition, the preparation of the spring assembly by adopting the 3D printing technology allows springs with different cross-sectional shapes to be manufactured so as to meet the needs of specific application scenes.
3D printing technology allows engineers to highly customize the shape of the springs during the design phase. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods, which are limited by molds and tools, 3D printing can precisely control the shape of each layer, making it possible to manufacture springs of complex shape (e.g., shaped, asymmetric). Different applications may require springs of different shapes, and 3D printing techniques allow each spring to be customized to the particular needs. This is particularly useful in the fields of medical devices, aerospace, automotive engineering, etc., where suitable springs or spring assemblies may be manufactured according to particular needs. The cross-sectional shape of the spring directly affects its performance. By 3D printing, the shape of the spring can be optimized to obtain the desired spring characteristics, stiffness, damping, etc. This capability is particularly important in the engineering field and can meet complex design requirements.
In addition, 3D printing techniques also allow fine tuning of the spring geometry during manufacturing to accommodate different loads and design requirements without modification of the production flow. This flexibility is difficult to achieve in conventional manufacturing methods because it may involve redesigning the mold or tool. Thus, 3D printing technology provides greater design freedom and personalized customization capability for spring manufacturing.
In summary, by adopting the 3D printing technology to prepare the spring assembly, the integrated forming of the spring and the connecting part can be realized, and the working procedures of later assembly, welding and the like are avoided, so that the time is saved, and the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the customization of the springs with complex shapes can be realized, so that the requirements of specific assembly conditions and performances are met. This will have a positive impact on conventional spring manufacturing methods and will have wide application in a variety of fields.
Specifically, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly 100, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the spring 2 and the connecting part 10 connected with the spring 2, wherein the spring 2 and the connecting part 10 are integrally formed by 3D printing by a 3D printer (not shown in the figure), and the 3D printer completes 3D printing based on a three-dimensional model of the titanium alloy spring assembly 100 for 3D printing and a titanium alloy material determined for the titanium alloy spring assembly 100 for 3D printing. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the connection part 10 may include a support 1 connected to a lower end of the spring 2, a guide post 4 connected to the support 1, and a sliding sleeve 3 sleeved over the guide post 4, and the spring 2 is sleeved on the guide post 4 and located between the support 1 and the sliding sleeve 3.
In an embodiment of the invention, the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly 100 may be applied to a drone landing gear spring assembly or a medical instrument spring assembly.
It should be appreciated that the above is merely an example of a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of a particular construction and its particular use, and that depending on the particular application, spring assembly 100 may include only spring 2 without connecting member 10 or may include additional components in addition to spring 2, connecting member 10. Under the concept of the present invention, all the components included in the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly 100 may be integrally formed by a 3D printing technique. Moreover, depending on the specific application, the connection member 10 may also comprise different components or may take a different connection with the spring 2 than mentioned in the above embodiments. Such variants or combinations of variants are included within the scope of the present application.
The 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly 100 may be manufactured by a manufacturing method of a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to the present invention, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
a. creating a three-dimensional model for the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly;
b. determining a titanium alloy material for preparing the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly and preparing the titanium alloy material into titanium alloy powder;
c. setting printing parameters of a 3D printer based on the three-dimensional model and the titanium alloy material;
d. based on the three-dimensional model, the 3D printer performs 3D printing by using the titanium alloy powder to obtain a 3D printing piece;
e. and carrying out post-treatment and detection on the 3D printing piece to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly.
In an embodiment of the invention, step a may be referred to as a step of designing a spring assembly model. Specifically, first, an engineer creates a three-dimensional model of the spring or spring assembly using computer aided design software (e.g., CAD), the three-dimensional model saved data format is STL, OBJ, AMF, etc. a conventional 3D print file format. The three-dimensional model includes the shape, size, internal structure, connection location, etc. of the spring. Alternatively, the three-dimensional model may further include a connection member connected to the spring, or may include a combination of one or more of the shape, size, internal structure, and connection location of the spring, and the connection member. Since the spring assembly is prepared by adopting the 3D printing technology, the shape of the spring and the shape of the spring wire are not limited in the preparation process.
In embodiments of the invention, step b may be referred to as a material selection and powder preparation step. Specifically, a suitable titanium alloy material is selected according to the application requirements of the spring or the spring assembly, and suitable material characteristics such as strength, corrosion resistance, temperature range, biocompatibility and the like are determined. Particularly, the component ranges of the titanium alloy material are regulated and controlled to meet the special performance requirements of the 3D printing spring or the spring assembly.
And (3) according to the actual application requirements, determining the titanium alloy material, and then carrying out powdering preparation on the titanium alloy material. And preparing the titanium alloy bar into powder by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating melting method for printing. The powder particle size range is required to be 15-30 mu m, and the powder particle size distribution meets the following conditions: d10: 5-15 mu m, D50: 15-25 μm, D90: 20-30 mu m. D10, D50 and D90 are parameters representing the particle size distribution of the powder, respectively, and are generally used to describe the particle size. Wherein, D10: represents the smallest 10% of the particle diameters in the cumulative distribution. In other words, 10% of the particles have a diameter less than or equal to D10. D50: also referred to as median or median, means that 50% of the particles in the cumulative distribution have a diameter less than or equal to D50. This value is often considered to be a representative size of the overall distribution. D90: represents the smallest 90% of the particle diameters in the cumulative distribution. Thus, 90% of the particles have a diameter less than or equal to D90. In 3D printing, the particle size distribution of the powder can affect the accuracy of printing, the surface quality, and the properties of the final product, and based on this, the inventors have conducted intensive studies on the particle size range of the powder, and finally obtained a powder particle size range conforming to the properties of the final product.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step c may be referred to as a step of setting a printing parameter. Specifically, the printing parameters of the 3D printer are set for the selected materials and the design of the spring or spring assembly, which will affect the manufacturing quality and performance of the spring or spring assembly.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the printing parameters may include at least one of laser power, scanning speed, and layer thickness.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step D, 3D printing is performed using a Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and step D comprises: d1.3D printing manufacturing step and d2.optimizing internal structure step. Specifically:
d1. inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printer, wherein the 3D printer melts the titanium alloy powder layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model, and precisely solidifies each layer to gradually construct the shape of the 3D printed piece (i.e., the spring or the spring assembly);
d2. a predetermined structure is implemented within the 3D print, the predetermined structure including at least one of a cavity and threads. In the manufacturing process, the step D2 can utilize the advantages of 3D printing to realize special structures such as cavities, threads and the like in the spring so as to optimize and regulate the performances such as damping, toughness and the like of the spring, and meanwhile, the weight reduction can be realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step D, the 3D printing piece comprises a spring and a connecting part connected with the spring, and the spring and the connecting part are integrally formed through 3D printing. Due to the characteristics of the 3D printing technology, the spring and the connecting parts (such as the spring support, the sliding sleeve, the spring guide rod and the like) can be integrally formed in the same manufacturing process, and the later assembly and welding procedures are avoided.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step e comprises: e1. surface treatment and heat treatment steps and e2. Inspection and testing steps. Specifically:
e1. and carrying out surface treatment and heat treatment on the 3D printing piece. The surface of the spring or the spring assembly after 3D printing is required to be subjected to surface treatment to reach the requirements of smoothness, the requirements of smoothness are controlled within the range of Ra0.1-0.4 according to different application scenes, and the surface treatment adopts a sand blasting and electrochemical polishing process; in addition, the 3D printed spring or spring assembly is generally high in residual stress, so that stress relief performance is required, and a heat treatment process of vacuum annealing and aging treatment is generally adopted;
e2. and e1, checking and testing the 3D printing piece processed in the step e1 to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly meeting the requirements. For example, after step e1 is completed, a 3D printed titanium alloy spring or spring assembly may be quality checked and performance tested. The test may be directed to the spring's elastic properties, stiffness, durability, etc.
In an embodiment of the invention, alternatively or additionally, step e further comprises: e3. optimizing and adjusting. Specifically:
e3. and (3) optimizing and adjusting the manufacturing parameters of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly according to the inspection and test results in the step e2.
In summary, the preparation method of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring is an innovative solution based on the modern manufacturing technology. By using the 3D printing technology, the spring can be integrated with the connecting component into a whole, and the manufacturing efficiency and accuracy are improved. The method is expected to be widely applied in various fields of aerospace, medical equipment, industrial machinery and the like, and brings new development opportunities for the field of spring manufacturing.
The 3D printing integrally prepared spring assembly is described in detail below by way of specific examples.
Example 1: integrated forming preparation method of 3D printing Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy unmanned aerial vehicle landing gear spring assembly
1. Designing a spring model: a three-dimensional model of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy spring assembly was created using computer aided design software (Rhino et Al). In this embodiment, the radius of the spring is 20mm, the pitch is 2mm, the length is 30mm, and the cross section is elliptical. The diameter of the spring wire is 2mm, and the cross section is triangular.
2. Material selection and powder preparation: the spring is required to have good elastoplasticity and heat resistance, so the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material comprises the following components: v:3.5 to 4.5 percent of Al:5.56 to 6.75 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of H, and the balance of Ti and unavoidable impurities.
And heating the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy bar with the diameter of 50mm obtained by three ingot casting by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating melting method to 1750 ℃ for liquefying and melting, and spraying the molten metal into powder by high-speed airflow. Screening the powder, wherein the particle size range of the powder is required to be 15-25 mu m, and the particle size distribution of the powder meets the following conditions: d10: 5-15 mu m, D50: 15-20 mu m, D90: 20-25 mu m.
3. Setting printing parameters: printing parameters of the 3D printer are set for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material and the design of the spring so as to ensure that the manufactured spring has required elasticity and rigidity.
Laser power: 500 W (W)
Scanning speed: 300 mm/s
Layer thickness: 0.1 mm (mm)
Printing temperature: 700 DEG C
Printing speed: 30 mm/s
4.3D printing manufacture: and inputting the designed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy spring model into a 3D printer. The 3D printer will melt and solidify the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy powder layer by layer according to the model, gradually forming the shape of the spring.
5. And (3) integrally forming: and integrally printing and forming the parts such as the support, the guide post, the spring, the sliding sleeve and the like of the spring assembly by adopting a 3D printing technology.
6. Surface treatment: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the surface of the spring assembly after 3D printing by adopting a sand blasting and electrochemical polishing process. The sand blasting adopts alumina particles, and the sand blasting flow is 50L/min; the electrochemical polishing adopts hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 15 percent and the temperature is 20-40 ℃.
The finish after surface treatment is controlled to be above Ra0.16.
7. And (3) heat treatment: carrying out vacuum annealing and aging heat treatment on the spring assembly subjected to surface treatment, and regulating and controlling the performance of the spring assembly; vacuum annealing temperature is 850 ℃, heat preservation time is 2h, and furnace cooling is carried out; aging treatment temperature is 550 ℃, heat preservation time is 4h, and air cooling is performed.
8. Inspection and testing: after the manufacture, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy spring is subjected to quality inspection and performance test such as elastic property, durability and the like.
Example 2: light forming preparation method for 3D printing Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy unmanned aerial vehicle landing gear spring assembly
Compared with the embodiment 1, the unmanned aerial vehicle spring assembly is designed in a light-weight manner, and the spring adopts a hollow structure on the premise of ensuring the use performance requirement of the spring; after topological optimization is carried out on the parts such as a support, a guide post and the like of the spring assembly, the entity part adopts a honeycomb net structure; after the unmanned aerial vehicle spring assembly is prepared by light weight design, the weight of the unmanned aerial vehicle spring assembly is reduced by 20%.
Example 3: integrated forming preparation method of 3D printing Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy medical instrument spring assembly
Titanium alloy springs can be used to support and adjust some implantable medical devices, such as vascular stents, bone implants, and the like; in surgical instruments, titanium alloy springs may be used to perform clamping, splaying, or other mechanical functions. Its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility make it suitable for use in medical devices that come into contact with the human body. Taking a certain hemostatic forceps as an example, the forceps bodies are assisted by springs to provide holding and opening capabilities, and the traditional spring fixing mode adopts a bolt and other modes to fix, so that the risk that accessories (bolts, springs and the like) fall into a wound in the operation process is increased. The spring for the medical instrument manufactured by the integral molding method can effectively avoid the risks.
1. Designing a spring model: a three-dimensional model of the Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy spring assembly was created using computer aided design software (Rhino et Al). In this embodiment, the radius of the spring is 5mm, the pitch is 0.5mm, the length is 10mm, and the cross section is circular. The diameter of the spring wire is 0.5mm, and the cross section is round.
The Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy material comprises the following components: nb:6.5 to 7.5 percent of Al:5.5 to 6.5 percent, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Ta, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.009 percent of H, and the balance of Ti and unavoidable impurities;
3. the subsequent steps and other parameter settings are the same as those in embodiment 1, and will not be described here.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (12)
1. A 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly, comprising:
a spring; and
a connecting part connected with the spring,
wherein, the spring with adapting unit carries out 3D through 3D printer and prints and integrated into one piece, 3D printer is based on to 3D prints the three-dimensional model of titanium alloy spring assembly and to 3D prints titanium alloy material that titanium alloy spring assembly confirmed and accomplish 3D and print.
2. The preparation method of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. creating a three-dimensional model for the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly;
b. determining a titanium alloy material for preparing the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly and preparing the titanium alloy material into titanium alloy powder;
c. setting printing parameters of a 3D printer based on the three-dimensional model and the titanium alloy material;
d. based on the three-dimensional model, the 3D printer performs 3D printing by using the titanium alloy powder to obtain a 3D printing piece;
e. and carrying out post-treatment and detection on the 3D printing piece to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly.
3. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional model includes at least one of a size, shape, internal structure, connection location, and connection component to which the spring is connected.
4. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to claim 2, wherein the particle size range of the titanium alloy powder is 15-30 μιη and the particle size distribution of the titanium alloy powder satisfies D10: 5-15 mu m, D50: 15-25 μm, D90: 20-30 mu m.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein in step c, the printing parameters include at least one of laser power, scan speed, and layer thickness.
6. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 2, wherein in step D, 3D printing is performed using a selective laser melting technique, and step D comprises:
d1. inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printer, the 3D printer melting the titanium alloy powder layer by layer according to the three-dimensional model, and precisely solidifying each layer to gradually construct the shape of the 3D printed piece.
7. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 6, wherein step D further comprises:
d2. a predetermined structure is implemented within the 3D print, the predetermined structure including at least one of a cavity and threads.
8. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to claim 2, wherein in step D, the 3D printed part comprises a spring and a connecting part connected with the spring, and the spring and the connecting part are integrally formed through 3D printing.
9. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 2, wherein step e comprises:
e1. performing surface treatment and heat treatment on the 3D printing piece; and
e2. and e1, checking and testing the 3D printing piece processed in the step e1 to obtain the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly meeting the requirements.
10. The method of manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 9, wherein step e further comprises:
e3. and (3) optimizing and adjusting the manufacturing parameters of the 3D printing titanium alloy spring assembly according to the inspection and test results in the step e2.
11. The method for manufacturing a 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly according to claim 9, wherein in step e1, the 3D printed part is subjected to surface treatment by adopting a sand blasting and electrochemical polishing process to meet the requirements of smoothness, and the smoothness after treatment is controlled within the range of ra 0.1-0.4; and heat treating the 3D printed article using thermal process conditions of vacuum annealing and aging to relieve stress.
12. Use of the 3D printed titanium alloy spring assembly of claim 1 in an unmanned aerial vehicle landing gear spring assembly or medical instrument spring assembly.
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