CN117376783A - Indoor loudspeaker arrangement position determining method - Google Patents
Indoor loudspeaker arrangement position determining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117376783A CN117376783A CN202311500417.XA CN202311500417A CN117376783A CN 117376783 A CN117376783 A CN 117376783A CN 202311500417 A CN202311500417 A CN 202311500417A CN 117376783 A CN117376783 A CN 117376783A
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
- H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2205/024—Positioning of loudspeaker enclosures for spatial sound reproduction
Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the arrangement position of indoor speakers, which relates to the field of indoor speaker installation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of indoor speaker installation, in particular to a method for determining an indoor speaker arrangement position.
Background
With the rapid development of modern construction, higher requirements are put on a background music system matched with the modern construction, so that not only is the indoor loudspeaker required to realize the most basic music function, but also the sound is required to be covered completely and the sound quality is clear when the entertainment is carried out by combining the acoustic conditions (space, materials and the like) of a room. The existing speaker point distribution optimizing method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) sound field simulation software: the sound field effect of the speakers at different positions and directions can be simulated and predicted on a computer using sound field simulation software such as EASE, CATT-sound, etc. The method has the advantages that different point distribution schemes can be rapidly evaluated, and a designer is helped to make decisions. The disadvantage is that accurate room and speaker parameters are required as inputs and the simulation results may be affected by model accuracy and input data quality. (2) Digital Signal Processing (DSP) optimization: parameters of the speaker can be adjusted in real time using digital signal processing techniques to optimize the distribution and response of sound. The method has the advantages that real-time optimization can be performed according to feedback of an actual environment, and the method is suitable for scenes with complex changes. Disadvantages are the need for high quality sensors and data acquisition systems, and the need for accurate tuning and optimization. (3) Perceptual sound field optimization: the distribution of the loudspeakers is optimized taking into account the uniformity and comfort of sound distribution under human auditory perception. The method has the advantages of paying more attention to user experience and subjective feeling, and being suitable for some application scenes with high requirements. The disadvantage is that the implementation is relatively complex and a large number of subjective hearing tests are required. (4) Intelligent optimization: based on artificial intelligence methods, such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithms, neural networks, etc., the best speaker placement scheme can be automatically searched. The method has the advantages that complex solution space can be searched efficiently, and a better solution can be found quickly. The disadvantage is that a large amount of computational resources and training data are required and that locally optimal solutions may be trapped in certain situations.
The conventional speaker distribution is to obtain the approximate distance required for reaching a predetermined sound pressure level according to the speaker power and sensitivity, and the minimum accurate number of speakers required and the optimal distribution mode cannot be determined, and the full coverage of sound and the definition of sound quality cannot be ensured. Especially in the case of a narrow indoor space, innovations and improvements are needed. In this embodiment, the scientific residential room belongs to a small space, and has the characteristics of high reflection surface, complex geometry, asymmetric acoustic paths of the speakers arranged in suboptimal mode, and the like, so that the sound quality of the sound is optimized, the difficulty in lifting is high, and a speaker point distribution optimizing method based on the indoor space of the small building of this type is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor loudspeaker arrangement position determining method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an indoor speaker arrangement position determining method includes the steps of:
s1: presetting a speaker distribution evaluation index based on the indoor area, the space shape and the building material of a house;
s2: collecting house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of the enclosure structure and material resonance parameters, and establishing a point distribution optimization model;
s3: and configuring house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of an enclosure structure and material resonance parameters by using EASE software, importing an output result of the point distribution optimization model into the software for simulation, and evaluating a sound field coverage range to obtain a final proper scheme.
Preferably, the speaker point placement evaluation index includes a sound field uniformity threshold, a sound field coverage threshold, a sound pressure level threshold, and a sound pressure level limit.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
s21: dividing a plane space of the indoor ground of a house into m x n grids, wherein m and n are respectively the number of transverse grids and the number of longitudinal grids, placing a loudspeaker and a sound pressure level meter at the center of the grids, defining the grid where the loudspeaker is positioned as a source grid, calculating the attenuation of the source grid to other grids, and summarizing the attenuation of a certain source grid to all other grids to obtain a single attenuation matrix;
s22: moving the loudspeaker and the sound pressure level instrument, changing the coordinates of the source grid, calculating the corresponding single attenuation matrix again, and generating a total attenuation matrix by taking a plurality of groups of single attenuation matrixes as elements;
s23: calculating the number of distribution modes of a plurality of source grids, superposing single attenuation matrixes corresponding to the source grids to generate a superposition attenuation matrix, and calculating the sound pressure level value in each grid according to the superposition attenuation matrix;
s24: generating a corresponding sound pressure level value matrix according to the calculated sound pressure level values, inducing a plurality of sound pressure level value matrixes into a set, calculating the average value and standard deviation of each sound pressure level value matrix in the set, obtaining the minimum installation number of the speakers and the number of corresponding installation modes, and outputting the minimum installation number and the number of corresponding installation modes.
Preferably, the number of the set source grids is calibrated to be K, K is a positive integer, K is less than or equal to m x n, and the calculation formula of the number of the K source grid distribution modes is as follows:
where N represents the number of distribution modes.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the sound pressure level value in each grid is:
LD'(i,j)＝K*LD-A sum (i',j')(i,j)
where LD ' (i, j) represents the sound pressure level value in the grid, (i, j) represents the grid coordinates, (i ', j ') represents the source grid coordinates, A sum (i ', j') (i, j) is an element of the superimposed attenuation matrix, representing the total attenuation in the corresponding mesh, and LD represents the sound pressure level value of the speaker.
Preferably, the logic for obtaining the minimum number of installation modes and the number of corresponding installation modes of the speakers is as follows: if, when k=p, the standard deviation and the average value of each sound pressure level value matrix are calculated, and compared with a preset speaker point distribution evaluation index, a certain sound pressure level value matrix exists, so that:
wherein S representsThe standard deviation of the sound pressure level value matrix,mean value of sound pressure level value matrix, var is sound field uniformity threshold value, LD sd Represents a sound pressure level threshold, L sd The sound pressure level limit value is expressed, and when the standard is satisfied, p is the minimum value of the source grid, that is, the minimum number of installed speakers, and when q sound pressure level value matrices satisfy the above conditions, q installation modes satisfying the standard are considered when the speakers are installed by the minimum number of p.
Preferably, the step 3 includes:
s31: calculating the radius r of the sound field of a single loudspeaker, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r is 0 Representing the reference radius, typically 1m, LD represents the sound pressure level value of the speaker, LD sd Representing a sound pressure level threshold.
S32: calculating sound field coverage Asc of single loudspeaker according to sound field radius r x The calculation formula is as follows:
Asc x ＝πr 2
wherein x represents a number, and x=1, 2,3 … p.
S33: calculating sound field coverage Az under the combined action of p loudspeakers, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Az＝Asc 1 ∪Asc 2 ∪…∪Asc p
s34: and calculating coverage rate sigma of the sound field coverage area Az, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
in which A ssl Representing the indoor area of the floor of the house.
S35: when the coverage rate sigma is more than or equal to 0.9, the standard is considered to be reachedQuasi-selected from q mounting modes, and selected from the selected mounting modes, the standard deviation S is the smallest, and the average valueThe largest one, as the final suitable solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through means of attenuation matrix calculation, algorithm optimization and the like, a user is helped to arrange sound better, sound quality is better, hearing enjoyment of the user is improved, user satisfaction is enhanced, and secondly, through intelligent point distribution optimization, optimal speaker distribution points and minimum installation number of speakers can be automatically calculated, redundant arrangement of excessive speakers is avoided, the number of speakers is greatly reduced, equipment purchasing and installation cost is reduced, furthermore, the optimal distribution points can enable sound to be uniformly distributed in the whole audience area, dead angles and attenuation of sound are reduced, the audience can obtain similar sound experience at any position, and improvement of indoor sound quality in a small space is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of step S2 in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method of step S3 in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are used only to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed accordingly.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
an indoor speaker arrangement position determining method includes the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of presetting a speaker distribution evaluation index based on the indoor area, the space shape and the building material of a house.
Further, the speaker placement evaluation indexes comprise a sound field uniformity threshold, a sound field coverage threshold, a sound pressure level threshold and a sound pressure level limit value.
In the present embodiment, the indoor area A of the floor surface of the house ssl For a 20 square meter scientific residence, evaluation indexes of sound field uniformity, reverberation time, sound field coverage, sound pressure level value and sound pressure level limit value are all based on acoustic standards of a home entertainment room or a multimedia room, wherein the sound field uniformity is set and calibrated to Var by using the standard of multimedia room sound field uniformity in ISO 3382-3:2009, the sound field coverage is set by using the standard of multimedia room sound field coverage in GB/T50368-2006, and the sound pressure level value is calibrated to LD sd The sound pressure level limit is set according to local policy and is calibrated to be L sd 。
And collecting house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of the enclosure structure and material resonance parameters, and establishing a point distribution optimization model.
Dividing the plane space of the indoor floor of a house into m x n grids, calibrating the grids into D (i, j), m and n are respectively the transverse grid number and the longitudinal grid number, i, j respectively represent the transverse coordinate and the longitudinal coordinate of the corresponding grid, i=1, 2,3 … m, j=1, 2,3 … n, i and j are positive integers, placing a loudspeaker and a sound pressure level meter at the center of the grids, defining the grid where the loudspeaker is positioned as a source grid and calibrating the grid as D (i ', j '), i ', j ' respectively represent the transverse coordinate and the longitudinal coordinate of the source grid, measuring the sound pressure level value of the loudspeaker and calibrating the sound pressure level meter as LD, calculating the attenuation amount from the source grid D (i ', j ') to other grids D (i, j) and calibrating the attenuation amount from one source to all other grids as A (i ', j ') according to a calculation method in indoor sound propagation attenuation in a standard ISO9613, and summing the attenuation amount from one source to all grids to obtain a single attenuation matrix and calibrating the attenuation amount as E (i ', j),
after a single attenuation matrix corresponding to a certain source grid is obtained, a loudspeaker and a sound pressure level instrument are moved, coordinates of the source grid are changed, the corresponding single attenuation matrix is calculated again until a plurality of groups of single attenuation matrices E (i ', j') are used as matrix elements after each grid is provided with the loudspeaker and the sound pressure level instrument, a total attenuation matrix Et is generated,
the number of the set source grids is marked as K, K is a positive integer, K is less than or equal to m, N distribution modes are provided for the K source grids, and a calculation formula is as follows:
sequentially superposing single attenuation matrixes E (i ', j') corresponding to coordinates of K source grids to generate a superposition attenuation matrix E f Superimposed attenuation matrix E f The elements in the alloy are marked as A sum (i ', j') (i, j) represents the total attenuation in each grid D (i, j) in this superimposed manner.
f represents the number of the superposition attenuation matrix, and since the K source grids have N distribution modes, the corresponding superposition modes also have N, and the superposition attenuation matrix E is correspondingly generated f There are also N, f=1, 2,3 … N.
In the case of K source meshes, the sound pressure level value LD' (i, j) in each mesh D (i, j) is calculated by the following formula:
LD'(i,j)＝K*LD-A sum (i',j')(i,j)
generating a corresponding sound pressure level value matrix E according to the calculated sound pressure level value LD' (i, j) l Sound pressure level value matrix E l And superimposed attenuation matrix E f One-to-one correspondence, also having N, i=1, 2,3 … N, N sound pressure level value matrices E l Generalized as a set and designated Wl K For a certain sound pressure level value matrix E l Element averaging withinThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
for a certain sound pressure level value matrix E l The calculation formula of the standard deviation S of the inner element is as follows:
if when k=p, calculate the set Wl p Each sound pressure level value matrix E l Is compared with the sound field uniformity Var, and a certain sound pressure level value matrix E exists l Such that:
then it is considered that the criterion is satisfied, and p is the minimum value of the source grid, i.e. the minimum number of installed speakers, if Wl is set p Simultaneously q sound pressure level value matrixes E l If the above conditions are satisfied, it is considered that q types of mounting methods satisfying the standard are used when the speakers are mounted by the minimum number p.
Configuring house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of an enclosure structure and material resonance parameters by using EASE software, importing q installation modes meeting the conditions into the software for simulation, evaluating the coverage of a sound field, and evaluating logic:
calculating the radius r of the sound field of a single loudspeaker, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r is 0 The reference radius is indicated, typically 1m.
Calculating sound field coverage Asc of single loudspeaker according to sound field radius r x The calculation formula is as follows:
Asc x ＝πr 2
wherein x represents a number, and x=1, 2,3 … p.
Calculating sound field coverage Az under the combined action of p loudspeakers, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Az＝Asc 1 ∪Asc 2 ∪…∪Asc p
and calculating coverage rate sigma of the sound field coverage area Az, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
when the coverage rate sigma is more than or equal to 0.9, the standard is considered to be met, q mounting modes are selected, the standard deviation S is the smallest in the selected mounting modes, and the average value is the smallestThe largest one, as the final suitable solution.
The above formulas are all formulas with dimensions removed and numerical values calculated, the formulas are formulas with a large amount of data collected for software simulation to obtain the latest real situation, and preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented in software, the above-described embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: presetting a speaker distribution evaluation index based on the indoor area, the space shape and the building material of a house;
s2: collecting house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of the enclosure structure and material resonance parameters, and establishing a point distribution optimization model;
s3: and configuring house modeling, indoor space, sound insulation of an enclosure structure and material resonance parameters by using EASE software, importing an output result of the point distribution optimization model into the software for simulation, and evaluating a sound field coverage range to obtain a final proper scheme.
2. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loudspeaker point distribution evaluation indexes comprise a sound field uniformity threshold value, a sound field coverage range threshold value, a sound pressure level threshold value and a sound pressure level limit value.
3. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S2 includes:
s21: dividing a plane space of the indoor ground of a house into m x n grids, wherein m and n are respectively the number of transverse grids and the number of longitudinal grids, placing a loudspeaker and a sound pressure level meter at the center of the grids, defining the grid where the loudspeaker is positioned as a source grid, calculating the attenuation of the source grid to other grids, and summarizing the attenuation of a certain source grid to all other grids to obtain a single attenuation matrix;
s22: moving the loudspeaker and the sound pressure level instrument, changing the coordinates of the source grid, calculating the corresponding single attenuation matrix again, and generating a total attenuation matrix by taking a plurality of groups of single attenuation matrixes as elements;
s23: calculating the number of distribution modes of a plurality of source grids, superposing single attenuation matrixes corresponding to the source grids to generate a superposition attenuation matrix, and calculating the sound pressure level value in each grid according to the superposition attenuation matrix;
s24: generating a corresponding sound pressure level value matrix according to the calculated sound pressure level values, inducing a plurality of sound pressure level value matrixes into a set, calculating the average value and standard deviation of each sound pressure level value matrix in the set, obtaining the minimum installation number of the speakers and the number of corresponding installation modes, and outputting the minimum installation number and the number of corresponding installation modes.
4. A method for determining the placement position of an indoor speaker according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the set source grids is marked as K, K is a positive integer, K is less than or equal to m, n is less than or equal to m, and the calculation formula of the number of the K source grid distribution modes is as follows:
where N represents the number of distribution modes.
5. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the calculation formula of the sound pressure level value in each grid is:
LD'(i,j)＝K*LD-A sum (i',j')(i,j)
where LD ' (i, j) represents the sound pressure level value in the grid, (i, j) represents the grid coordinates, (i ', j ') represents the source grid coordinates, A sum (i ', j') (i, j) is an element of the superimposed attenuation matrix, representing the total attenuation in the corresponding mesh, and LD represents the sound pressure level value of the speaker.
6. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the logic for obtaining the minimum installation number of the speakers and the number of the corresponding installation modes is as follows: if, when k=p, the standard deviation and the average value of each sound pressure level value matrix are calculated, and compared with a preset speaker point distribution evaluation index, a certain sound pressure level value matrix exists, so that:
where S represents the standard deviation of the sound pressure level value matrix,mean value of sound pressure level value matrix, var is sound field uniformity threshold value, LD sd Represents a sound pressure level threshold, L sd The sound pressure level limit value is expressed, and when the standard is satisfied, p is the minimum value of the source grid, that is, the minimum number of installed speakers, and when q sound pressure level value matrices satisfy the above conditions, q installation modes satisfying the standard are considered when the speakers are installed by the minimum number of p.
7. An indoor speaker arrangement position determining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 3 comprises the following steps:
s31: calculating the radius r of the sound field of a single loudspeaker, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r is 0 Representing the reference radius, typically 1m, LD represents the sound pressure level value of the speaker, LD sd Representing a sound pressure level threshold.
S32: calculating sound field coverage Asc of single loudspeaker according to sound field radius r x The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein x represents a number, and x=1, 2,3 … p.
S33: calculating sound field coverage Az under the combined action of p loudspeakers, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Az＝Asc 1 ∪Asc 2 ∪…∪Asc p
s34: and calculating coverage rate sigma of the sound field coverage area Az, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
in which A ssl Representing the indoor area of the floor of the house.
S35: when the coverage rate sigma is more than or equal to 0.9, the standard is considered to be met, q mounting modes are selected, the standard deviation S is the smallest in the selected mounting modes, and the average value is the smallestThe largest one, as the final suitable solution.
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