CN117376352A - Block chain-based Internet of things system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains and the Internet of things, and discloses an Internet of things system based on block chains, which comprises the following components: the device layer, the device network, the intermediate network, the blockchain network, the interface layer and the application layer are sequentially connected; dividing all equipment of an equipment layer into a plurality of equipment families according to an area division principle, dividing all equipment families into a plurality of equipment clusters, setting a family master node for each equipment family, and setting a cluster head node for each equipment cluster; the equipment in the same equipment group communicates through an equipment network; devices in different device families in the same cluster communicate through respective family master nodes by using an intermediate network; the devices of different clusters communicate, and the cluster head nodes are utilized to exchange data with the devices in other cluster head nodes through a block chain network. The method solves the problems of the safety, traceability, interoperability and real-time performance of the Internet of things equipment and data, and has wide application prospect and great commercial value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blockchains and the Internet of things, in particular to an Internet of things system based on blockchains.
Background
The statements in this section merely relate to the background of the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The horizontal internet of things refers to an internet of things system spanning multiple industries or fields, and relates to multiple types of terminal equipment. The goal of the horizontal internet of things is to achieve security, traceability, interoperability and data sharing between devices to facilitate wider applications and innovations. For example, smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, agricultural Internet of things, and the like all belong to the horizontal Internet of things.
Conventional internet of things (Internet of Things, ioT) systems generally employ a system architecture such as that of fig. 1, including a perception layer, a network layer, and an application layer. The sensing layer equipment is responsible for collecting environment data or object state information, then transmitting the environment data or object state information to the application layer through the network layer for storage, management and analysis, and transmitting the result to the application layer, wherein the application layer is an interface for interaction between the equipment and a user, and provides specific services for the user. The network topology of the traditional internet of things system is distributed and centralized, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. Due to the defects of limited equipment resources, weak self-organizing capability and the like, the traditional Internet of things architecture is generally organized and managed in a centralized manner, and data processing and application functions are mainly concentrated on a server of a data center, so that a plurality of potential security threats are caused, and the security, traceability and interoperability of the transverse Internet of things cannot be simultaneously met.
The horizontal internet of things often has large-scale equipment connection due to the diversity and huge number of equipment and sensors. If the traditional internet of things system is adopted, the data is transmitted to a data center or a cloud platform for processing after being acquired, and the real-time performance of monitoring and response cannot be met at all. On the other hand, the equipment and the sensor in the horizontal internet of things often need to be interconnected and communicated so as to realize automation and intellectualization of control and improve the system execution efficiency. The number of devices and sensors in the horizontal Internet of things is increased, the data traceability and the security design difficulty are increased, meanwhile, the link paths of data acquisition, data communication, data processing, data storage and data access are prolonged, and the data communication delay is greatly increased.
In known digital currency transactions, designers utilize blockchain technology to better address the traceability, security, and integrity of digital currency transaction data. The technical principle is that transactions are recorded in data blocks of all nodes of a blockchain, each block is linked with the previous block by utilizing a hash algorithm to form a chain structure, each node maintains a complete account book copy through a distributed account book, and the consistency of the account book is ensured by means of a consensus algorithm, so that the safety, reliability and transparency of data in transactions are realized. The blockchain technique also has its inherent drawbacks as seen in the technological principle. Firstly, each blockchain node consumes a large amount of processor and storage resources of the node because of bearing responsibility for maintaining a complete account book copy, seriously worsens equipment access or data access time, and causes data transmission delay; secondly, a plurality of nodes store account book copies simultaneously, so that the data reliability is improved, and meanwhile, the privacy of the data and equipment is destroyed; finally, in multi-node applications, blockchain technology greatly increases the link paths for data transfer and storage.
The factors of isomerism of devices in the horizontal internet of things, frequent advance and retreat of devices, mutual access among devices, complexity of a device deployment environment, lack of supervision and the like cause the general lack of safety of IoT system applications. On the other hand, the internet of things equipment resources are limited, and the real-time performance of data transmission requirements among equipment and between equipment and sensors is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an Internet of things system based on a block chain; the method solves the problems of the safety, traceability, interoperability and real-time performance of the Internet of things equipment and data, and has wide application prospect and great commercial value.
The block chain-based internet of things system comprises:
the device layer, the device network, the intermediate network, the blockchain network, the interface layer and the application layer are sequentially connected;
the device layer comprises: various sensing devices, detection sensing devices or control devices;
dividing all equipment of an equipment layer into a plurality of equipment families according to an area division principle, dividing all equipment families into a plurality of equipment clusters, setting a family master node for each equipment family, and setting a cluster head node for each equipment cluster;
The equipment in the same equipment group communicates through an equipment network; devices in different device families in the same cluster communicate through respective family master nodes by using an intermediate network; the equipment of different clusters communicates, and the cluster head nodes are utilized to exchange data with the equipment in other cluster head nodes through a block chain network;
for the same data transaction, the data storage uses a blockchain network and an intermediate network, wherein the request cluster head node and the accessed cluster head node on the blockchain network store complete data information; wherein the complete data information comprises: a request cluster head node, an accessed cluster head node, a request family master node, an accessed family master node, accessed data and a random number; the request family master node and the accessed family master node on the intermediate network only store the request family master node, the accessed data, the random number and the hash value in the complete data information; the data storage forms a pi-type data storage, two pins of pi are a request group main node and an accessed group main node on an intermediate network, two shoulders of pi are a request cluster head node and an accessed cluster head node on a blockchain network, and the data storage is complete.
One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the lightweight block chain system for the transverse Internet of things, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the traceability and the safety of equipment and data in the transverse Internet of things are better solved, the interoperability among the equipment is enhanced, and the communication instantaneity of the equipment of the Internet of things system is improved.
In a lightweight block chain system facing the transverse Internet of things, the Internet of things equipment is divided into clusters and equipment families, cluster head nodes and family main nodes are respectively arranged, different data block structures and algorithms are designed in the cluster head nodes and the family main nodes, the access of external equipment to equipment or data in the clusters or the equipment families is limited, and the safety of the equipment and the data is improved.
The pi-type data storage structure in the system better saves the storage space of each device while solving the problems of data safety and traceability, avoids the elongation of a data access communication link and ensures the real-time performance of the response of the device.
The cluster in which the cluster master node in the system is located can be changed and participate in electing a new cluster head node. The intelligent interconnection and optimal configuration capability of the Internet of things equipment are effectively improved, the delay caused by the traceability of data to communication is further compensated, and the real-time performance of the equipment communication in the system is improved.
The data blocks in each cluster head node of the system are created according to the increase or decrease of the cluster head nodes, and depend on the needs of the accessed cluster head nodes. The cluster head node in the invention does not need to reconcile the block chain nodes, thereby effectively saving the synchronization overhead of the cluster.
On the basis of the system, the invention also provides a data intelligent subscription service method for the cloud storage server, which effectively improves the efficiency of a user for accessing the terminal equipment of the Internet of things to output data and effectively ensures that the data stored in the cloud storage server by the terminal equipment is not tampered.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional Internet of things system architecture;
FIG. 2 is one of the common network topologies of a conventional Internet of things system;
FIG. 3 is a second network topology diagram of the conventional Internet of things system;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a lightweight low block chain system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connections between clusters;
FIG. 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the network connections of the home master nodes and terminals in the family;
FIG. 7 is a second schematic diagram of a network connection between a home node and a terminal in a family;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connections between clusters;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connections between clusters;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a system shared memory embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system cloud storage server;
FIG. 12 is a data blockchain structure in a cluster head node;
FIG. 13 is a data blockchain structure in a family master node;
FIG. 14 is a data list of a group master node for use with a data blockchain structure;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a second cluster head node and a cluster master node;
FIG. 16 is a second schematic diagram illustrating operation of a second cluster head node and a cluster master node;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a fourth cluster head node in a fourth cluster head node grid-up mode;
FIG. 18 is a second schematic diagram of a cloud storage server operating in a cluster;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a pi-type data storage structure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a blockchain-based internet of things system, including:
the device layer, the device network, the intermediate network, the blockchain network, the interface layer and the application layer are sequentially connected;
the device layer comprises: various sensing devices, detection sensing devices or control devices;
dividing all equipment of an equipment layer into a plurality of equipment families according to an area division principle, dividing all equipment families into a plurality of equipment clusters, setting a family master node for each equipment family, and setting a cluster head node for each equipment cluster;
the equipment in the same equipment group communicates through an equipment network; devices in different device families in the same cluster communicate through respective family master nodes by using an intermediate network; the devices of different clusters communicate, and the cluster head nodes are utilized to exchange data with the devices in other cluster head nodes through a block chain network.
Further, the device network, specifically, a communication network between each device terminal in the device family, as shown in fig. 6 or fig. 7, also includes a communication network between the relay node and the terminal. The network of devices includes, but is not limited to, ethernet, RS-232, RS-485, CAN, LIN, or Zigbee.
The intermediate network specifically refers to a communication network between the device family master and the cluster head, as shown in fig. 5. The physical communication medium of the intermediate network may be the same as the blockchain network. The intermediate network includes, but is not limited to, an industrial ethernet or CAN bus.
The blockchain network specifically refers to a communication network between cluster heads and a communication network between the cluster heads and cloud storage, as shown in fig. 11. The blockchain network is primarily an ethernet or fiber optic network.
It should be understood that devices within the same device family include both the same type of device and different types of devices.
Further, in one device family, devices which are always online and have computing capacity and storage capacity are set as family master nodes; if a plurality of devices in a device group satisfy the condition of the group master node, the largest computing capacity is preferably selected, and the largest storage capacity is then selected as the group master node.
Further, the cluster master node stores local device data blocks that are linked to each other in a linked list, referred to as a local data blockchain, as shown in fig. 13. In fig. 13, the device data block of the first device is created by the group master node when the first device accesses the group master node, and the device data block of the second device is created by the group master node when the second device accesses the group master node until the device data block of the nth device is created by the group master node when the nth device accesses the group master node. Wherein N is a positive integer greater than 2. When the corresponding device deletes the connection from the group master node, the corresponding local device data block will be deleted by the group master node.
In fig. 13, the cluster master node is responsible for adding new devices by creating data blocks, deleting existing devices by deleting data blocks; each data block of the local data block chain is provided with a strategy header, the strategy header comprises a device access permission list and a data access permission list, and the strategy header controls devices among device groups in the cluster to perform data interaction.
The family master node can also form a data table by the devices and the device addresses in the local data block chain so as to shorten the query time of the requested device corresponding to the local device data block when the device access request is received. A preferred embodiment of which is shown in fig. 14.
It should be appreciated that this is in contrast to block data distributed storage in a blockchain, where local device block data is centrally managed by its device family. In the local device data block, all transactions related to the device family are linked together.
Further, the cluster head node is a cluster head node which is manually designated as a cluster head node in a device deployment stage, or is a cluster head node which is dynamically selected by each cluster head node.
Further, the system further comprises:
judging whether the communication delay of equipment exceeds a first set threshold value in a first cluster where a first family master node is located;
if yes, the first family master node initiates a group entering request to the second cluster head and initiates a group exiting request to the first cluster head;
after receiving the group entering request, the second cluster head judges whether the resource utilization rate of the self processor is lower than a second set threshold value, if so, the second cluster head sends a group entering request to the first group main node; otherwise disagree;
the second cluster head creates a new data block, reads a local data block chain from the second cluster head, updates the read local data block chain into the new data block, and updates a device list which is allowed to be accessed and a data list which is allowed to be accessed in the data block;
and the first cluster head deletes the stored equipment and data of the first group of nodes.
It should be appreciated that on an intermediate network of the system, if a device encounters excessive delay through device accesses in an external cluster head, the cluster in which it resides may be altered by the cluster master and participate in electing a new cluster head node. Each cluster head node is a node on a blockchain network. The strategy for dynamically selecting the cluster head node effectively reduces the overhead and delay of network communication in the block chain architecture, and automatically optimizes the device communication network.
Further, in the device family, a local storage device is provided, and the local storage device is used for storing data generated by the local sensing device, and is connected through an in-family device network.
It should be appreciated that the above-described approach may mitigate on-chip storage resources of the cluster master node and the aware device.
Further, the intermediate network is configured to connect to each group of master nodes, where each group of master nodes is a node of the intermediate network.
It should be appreciated that the intermediate network is designed to meet the communication objectives of different device families. The external access user or emergency control user may also be a node of the intermediate network to enable efficient and fast device data access or control.
Further, the blockchain network is configured to connect to each cluster head node, where each cluster head node is a node on the blockchain network.
It should be appreciated that the strategy of dynamically selecting cluster head nodes effectively reduces overhead and latency of network communications in the blockchain architecture.
Further, each cluster head node maintains three lists, respectively: the device family in the cluster generates a data access permission list, a device access permission list in the device family of the cluster, and a communication permission list of the head node of the cluster and other head nodes of the cluster.
It should be understood that each device family's allowed access list is used to implement the rights of devices of other device families in a cluster to access device data in the device family through an intermediary network.
Further, each cluster head node has a cluster data block created when the cluster head node is added or deleted, each cluster data block comprising: block addresses, a list of devices within the cluster that are allowed access, a list of data within the cluster that are allowed access, and a transactional data store. Multiple cluster data blocks of the same cluster head node are connected by address pointers to form a cluster data blockchain, as shown in fig. 12. In fig. 12, the first block address refers to a cluster data block created by the cluster head node for the first time, the second block address refers to a cluster data block created by the cluster head node for the second time, and until the nth block address refers to a cluster data block created by the cluster head node currently, where the range of N is a positive integer greater than 2.
The cluster head node is accessed or accessed through the cluster head node, the cluster head node which is transacted is recorded through the random data and the hash value, and the cluster master node which is accessed or accessed only records the random number and the hash value for inquiring and verifying the later data.
Further, for the same data transaction, the data storage scheme involves a blockchain network and an intermediate network, wherein the request cluster head node and the accessed cluster head node on the blockchain network store complete data information; wherein the complete data information includes, but is not limited to: a request cluster head node, an accessed cluster head node, a request family master node, an accessed family master node, accessed data and a random number; the request family master node and the accessed family master node on the intermediate network store only a portion of the data information in the complete data information including, but not limited to, the request family master node, the accessed data, the random number, and the hash value. In particular, as shown in fig. 19, the communication network mainly relates to an intermediate network and a blockchain network, wherein a first cluster head and a first cluster head are requesters, and a second cluster head and a sixth cluster head are interviewees. When the first group owner sends a request to the sixth group owner through the first cluster head and the second cluster head, and the data in the sixth group owner is successfully accessed, the complete data information of the data transaction is stored in the first cluster head and the second cluster head. The complete data information includes, but is not limited to, a request cluster head node, an accessed cluster head node, a request family master node, an accessed family master node, accessed data, a random number, and a hash value. The random number is randomly generated by the group six master by taking the time point of the successful access of the first group master to the data as a seed. And the first group main node and the sixth group main node are light storage, and only the request group main node, the accessed data, the random number and the hash value in the complete data information are stored.
The data storage forms a pi-type data storage, two pins of pi are a request group main node and an accessed group main node on an intermediate network and are used for verification and quick inquiry, two shoulders of pi are a request cluster head node and an accessed cluster head node on a blockchain network and are complete data storage and used for traceability of data and damaged data recovery.
The data storage scheme shown in fig. 19 is shaped like a pi state, and is called pi-type data storage. The two pi feet represent a request family main node and an accessed family main node and are used for light storage of data, so that follow-up data tracing verification and quick inquiry are realized; the two pi shoulders represent a request cluster head node and an accessed cluster head node, and are used for complete data storage and subsequent specific data traceability and damaged data recovery. The random number in the stored data is used to quickly determine the data storage of both pi feet and both pi shoulders refers to the same data block. The scheme effectively improves the utilization rate of the data storage space and further shortens the data tracing time.
Further, if there is a data interaction requirement between different device families in the same cluster, a shared storage area is allocated to the cluster head node, and the shared storage area is used for maintaining the data interacted between the different families. So as to realize the improvement of the data query speed.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, a query interface is designed on the blockchain network, and the data index list of each cluster head node is directly connected, when the blockchain data starts consensus, the cluster head nodes on the blockchain call the processor resource to construct the data index list while the network interaction is burdened, so that the query speed of the crossed data is further improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 11, the system further includes: and the cluster head node is provided with a right for sending the multiple signatures and the access to the cloud storage server.
The cloud storage server groups the data of the visitor into a plurality of data blocks, and each data block is provided with a unique data block number; the cloud storage server uses the data block number and the hash of the stored data for authentication.
If the data with the given data chunk number and hash is successfully located during storage, the visitor is authenticated.
The cloud storage server stores the data packets received from the cluster head nodes in the blocks according to a first-in first-out sequence; when the data is stored, the data is subjected to hash operation, and the data is stored together with a hash value generated by the data through hash operation.
And the cloud storage server encrypts the new block number by using a shared key in a generalized Diffie-Hellman algorithm after storing the data.
It should be understood that the cloud storage server may create different user data blocks in the cloud storage server for each device thereof, but each data block in the cloud storage server may be stored after the common knowledge of the cluster head node, and the hash of each user data block needs to be stored in the data block chain table of the blockchain to ensure the authenticity of the cloud data.
Each device in the system may store data in a device family local, shared, or cloud storage server.
The working principle of the system will be described in detail by taking a specific number of cluster head nodes and cluster master nodes as examples.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the system deployment includes three clusters, where the cluster head nodes are a first cluster head node, a second cluster head node, and a third cluster head node, respectively; the first cluster head node comprises four equipment families, wherein main nodes of the families are a first-family main node, a second-family main node, a third-family main node and a fourth-family main node respectively; the second cluster head node comprises three equipment families, and main nodes of the families are respectively a main node of a fifth family, a main node of a sixth family and a main node of a seventh family; the third cluster head node comprises two device families, and main nodes of the family are respectively an eighth family main node and a ninth family main node.
Fig. 6 and 7 are preferred embodiments of device family network topologies.
Further, the first group main node is connected with the first terminal through a device network, the first group main node is respectively connected with the second terminal, the third terminal and the fourth terminal through a relay node, the first group main node is connected with a fifth terminal, and the fifth terminal is connected with a sixth terminal.
When the sixth terminal needs to establish communication connection with a plurality of nodes due to function expansion, the sixth terminal informs the fifth terminal to send a request to the first group of master nodes, the first group of master nodes are requested to add data blocks of the sixth terminal in the local block chain, the first group of master nodes are configured with a device permission access list and a data permission access list of the sixth terminal, and storage space is allocated to the first group of master nodes.
It will be appreciated that the group one master node does not communicate directly with the sixth terminal, but rather the fifth terminal is configured to communicate directly with the sixth terminal, and the communication process between the two does not require notification to the group one master node. The occupation of the first group main node resources is effectively reduced, and the communication efficiency of the fifth terminal and the sixth terminal is improved.
The group master node may also adopt a single network topology connection mode, as shown in fig. 7.
Further, the first group of master nodes are respectively communicated with the seventh terminal, the eighth terminal and the ninth terminal, and the network topology is suitable for application scenes with few terminal devices and simple connection relations.
The family of devices in the system of the present invention can choose to join different clusters. The strategy for the device family to select different clusters is described below in conjunction with fig. 8.
Further, the fourth group main node is separated from the first cluster head node, and is added into the third cluster head node, and the steps of judging the strategy and executing are carried out:
(1) The fourth family master node judges whether the communication delay between the fourth family master node and the equipment in the first cluster head node reaches a first threshold value;
(2) The fourth group main node informs the first cluster head node to send a joining request to the third cluster head node, after the third cluster head node receives the request, the third cluster head node inquires the resource utilization rate of the processor, if the resource utilization rate of the processor is lower than 30%, the request of agreeing to the fourth group main node is replied, and the next step is carried out; otherwise disagree;
(3) The third cluster head node creates a new data block, reads the local data block chain of the fourth group of main nodes to update the equipment and the data list which are in the new data block and allow access, and adds the data block chain of the third cluster head node;
(4) The first cluster head node creates a new data block, copies the device and the data list which are allowed to be accessed in the cluster of the data in the last area of the first cluster head node, and deletes the device and the data included in the fourth group of main nodes.
The first threshold is that 30% of devices in the group IV master node are communicated with the devices in the third cluster head node, and the communication time is 50% of the total communication time of the devices in the group IV master node.
Further, when the communication duration between the device in the fourth group master node and the device in the third cluster head node is calculated, the timing is started not from the time of requesting the device, but from the time of sending out the response from the group master node of the responding device, and the communication duration is agreed through the group master node of the requesting device, the cluster head node of the responding device and the group master node of the responding device until the group master node of the responding device receives the random data and the hash value.
It should be understood that the timing method accurately calculates network delay and consensus time, and provides basis for optimizing the distribution of equipment families in the cluster.
Further, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a relationship in which a group iv master node is selected as a fourth cluster head node. The cluster of the fourth cluster head node in fig. 9 further includes a ninth group master node. Referring to fig. 8, the fourth cluster head node further includes a device family of ninth-family master nodes from the replacement cluster to the fourth cluster head node that becomes a cluster.
Further, the fourth group master node allows the third cluster head node to be separated from the fourth group master node to form a new cluster and become a new cluster head node, and the fourth group master node becomes a fourth cluster head node, including:
(1) The fourth family master node sends a request for establishing a new cluster to other cluster head nodes through the third cluster head node;
(2) The cluster head node on the block chain network detects the number of the existing cluster head node, and selects the minimum idle number to send to the fourth family master node;
(3) And the fourth family master node receives the minimum idle number, sets the minimum idle number as the own cluster head node number and is separated from the third cluster head node.
The step of adding the ninth group master node to the fourth cluster head node is the same as adding the fourth group master node to the third cluster head node apart from the first cluster head node.
Further, between different family master nodes, a shared memory area is allowed to be set up. As shown in fig. 10, the second cluster head node is provided with a shared memory area between the sixth-group master node and the seventh-group master node, a shared memory area operation message queue buffer area is set in the shared memory area, and the data of the shared memory area is controlled to be accessed by the sixth-group master node and the seventh-group master node through the shared memory area operation message queue buffer area.
As shown in fig. 10, the above technical solution can improve the efficiency of device or data exchange, and save the storage space of the device itself in the device family.
Further, a cloud storage server may be further disposed between cluster head nodes, as shown in fig. 11. And realizing data interaction information between each cluster head node and the cloud storage server through a block chain network. After the cloud storage server area is established, each cluster head node acquires a storage space in the cloud storage server area, performs data storage, and then notifies the cluster head nodes to be communicated to acquire data from the cloud storage server through a message.
Further, the cluster head node communicates with the group owner of the remaining cluster head nodes and the device group using a message-state mechanism. The message-state mechanism refers to that the cluster head node classifies externally input messages according to the state of the cluster head node, for example, only processes received A1 messages in an A state, receives B1 messages in an A state, and the A state is directly ignored and is not processed.
Taking the second cluster head node as an example, fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the working mechanism of its status-message preferred implementation.
The second cluster head node receives a first message sent by the first cluster head node;
The second cluster head node receives a second message sent by the second cluster head node;
the second cluster head node generates a fourth message according to the equipment list which is allowed to be accessed in the cluster in the second cluster head node through analyzing the first message and the second message, the fourth message is sent to a fifth family master node, and the fifth family master node packages an external request or self response and then generates a third message to be sent to the second cluster head node;
generating a fifth message according to the device list which is allowed to be accessed in the cluster in the second cluster head node, transmitting the fifth message to a sixth family master node, and generating a sixth message to be transmitted to the second cluster head node after the sixth family master node encapsulates an external request or self response;
and generating a seventh message according to the device list which is allowed to be accessed in the cluster in the second cluster head node, sending the seventh message to a seventh group main node, and generating an eighth message to be sent to the second cluster head node after the seventh group main node encapsulates an external request or self response.
Referring to fig. 15, the generating a fourth message according to the list of devices allowed to access in the cluster in the second cluster head node specifically includes:
The message on the block chain network is a broadcast message, and after receiving the first message sent by other clusters, the second cluster head firstly decrypts the first message and judges whether the first message is a request object of the message or not;
if yes, analyzing whether the first message is a request for accessing the equipment or a request for accessing the data, and judging whether the equipment or the data which is requested to be accessed by the first message is in the cluster and is allowed to be accessed according to an equipment list or a data list which is allowed to be accessed in the second cluster;
if the requirements are met, the second cluster head repackages the request content of the first message, generates a fourth message and sends the fourth message to the fifth family master respectively.
The generation process of the fifth message and the seventh message is the same as the fourth message. It should be noted that the first message input by the second cluster head is not in one-to-one correspondence with the fourth message, the fifth message and the seventh message output by the second cluster head, but the number of generated messages is determined according to the access content request in the first message, and the generated messages are determined to be sent to the corresponding group owner.
Further, the second cluster head node message generating module has an automatic optimizing function. In particular, when the second cluster head node generates a message, a private message path can be set up between different group master nodes according to the frequency of the message access. As shown in fig. 16, when the second cluster head requests the seventh group of master or the sixth group of master to occupy more than 2% of the processor resources of the second cluster head according to the sixth message or the eighth message, the second cluster head establishes a private message path between the sixth group of master node and the seventh group of master node, so that the sixth group of master node directly sends the ninth message to the seventh group of master node through the private message path, and the seventh group of master node directly sends the tenth message to the sixth group of master node through the private message path; no intervention is required by the second cluster which is not.
Still further, in conjunction with fig. 16, the ninth message and the tenth message may also provide a message path for the shared storage area of the group six master node and the group seven master node, so as to better improve the communication efficiency of the group six master and the group seven master.
It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: and the data and/or access efficiency of the group-six master node and the group-seven master node is improved, and the processor resources of the second cluster head node are not occupied.
Further, as shown in fig. 17, the state-message processing mechanism of the group master node adopts a concurrent state design, so that the upgrading of the group master node to the cluster head node is satisfied without affecting the working requirements of the device group.
Further, the message processing state of the group iv master node includes: a group message processing state and a cluster message processing state in parallel, wherein the group message processing state and the cluster message processing state receive group messages or cluster messages at the same time, but the group message processing state only processes the group messages and discards the group messages; the cluster message processing state only processes the cluster message and discards the cluster message.
The concurrency state-message processing mechanism of the embodiment is suitable for the group master nodes with rich resources, and can improve the data processing capability after being upgraded to the cluster head nodes.
Further, as shown in fig. 18, the status-message handling mechanism of the family master node may also employ an interactive design.
Further, when the fourth group master node is a group master node, the active state of the message processing state of the fourth group master node is a group message processing state, the cluster message processing state is a mute state, and the group message processing state does not receive cluster messages any more and only receives group messages.
When the fourth family master node is upgraded to the cluster head node, the active state is a cluster message processing state, a first-in first-out message buffer area is designed at the moment, and the message buffer area is responsible for receiving information from equipment and the cluster head node received by the fourth cluster head node; when the message to be processed in the message buffer area is a cluster message, directly processing the cluster message; when the message to be processed in the message buffer is a group message, the group message processing state is to be switched to the group message processing state, and then the group message is input into the group message processing state.
Similarly, when the active state of the fourth cluster head node is the group message processing state, all received input messages are added into the message buffer area, if the messages extracted from the message buffer area are the group messages, the messages are directly processed, if the messages are the cluster messages, the message processing state is firstly converted from the group message processing state to the cluster message processing state, and then the cluster messages are input and processed.
Further, the terminal device stores the data in the cloud storage server for the user to implement intelligent management of the data and subscription service. Taking an intelligent scenic spot as an example, assume that a scenic spot manager creates an account in a cloud storage server facility by using a system service interface, and sets rights for storing and monitoring data detected by a terminal device.
During the running process of the system, the cloud storage server returns a pointer pointing to the first data block of the account to the scenic spot manager, and the scenic spot manager can access the data stored in the cloud storage server by the terminal equipment through the pointer.
Further, when the terminal equipment stores the data in the cloud storage server, the terminal equipment firstly sends the data to a cluster head node where the terminal equipment is located;
if the cluster head node does not have the data access authority of the cloud storage server, the cluster head node sends a broadcast message through a block chain network to request the cluster head node with the data access authority of the cloud storage server to store data;
if the cluster head node has the data access authority of the cloud storage server, extracting the block number of the previous data block in the cloud storage server and the hash value of the data block; the cluster head node creates a random ID, and calculates the block number of the previous data block, the hash value of the previous data block, the data and the random ID to obtain a new hash value;
The cluster head node confirms that the available space of the cloud storage server is allowed to be used, initiates consensus in the blockchain network, and records a random ID and a new hash value in each node on the blockchain network;
the cluster head node packages the block number, the data, the random ID and the new hash value of the previous data block into a data block and sends the data block to the cloud storage server.
Further, the system further comprises: the user client subscribes to the real-time data generated by the equipment layer equipment, and the user client hashes the real-time data to obtain a first hash value;
the user client sends a data verification request to the cloud storage server through any node on the blockchain network; the user client side uploads the first hash value to the cloud storage server;
the cloud storage server receives a data verification request and a first hash value, and the cloud storage server reads a second hash value in a data block, wherein the second hash value is obtained by carrying out hash processing on real-time data by equipment layer equipment, and the equipment layer equipment uploads the second hash value to the cloud storage server for storage;
and the cloud storage server compares whether the first hash value is consistent with the second hash value, if so, the current real-time data is determined to be real-time data, and if not, the current real-time data is determined to be false data.
It should be understood that, the technical scheme can realize that the user subscribes to the real-time data generated by the terminal of the internet of things, and when the authenticity of the data is questioned, the user does not need to pass through a layer-by-layer network and a device level of the system to access the device so as to confirm whether the data in the cloud storage server is authentic. The authenticity of the data is verified by reading the random ID and hash value in the data block from the cloud storage server only by accessing any one node on the system blockchain network. Obviously, the scheme effectively improves the efficiency of the user for accessing the terminal equipment of the Internet of things to output data, and effectively ensures that the data stored in the cloud storage server by the terminal equipment is not tampered. When the data of a plurality of terminal devices of the Internet of things are subscribed, the real-time performance of the technical scheme is more remarkable.
Further, the requesting party may need to access data of the designated device or blockchain node through the blockchain within a set period of time to achieve the designated service. The data demander includes, but is not limited to, a user, a cluster head node, or a terminal device.
Further, the data requiring party realizes the access flow of the device or the data through the blockchain network, which comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps that a demander creates and signs a multi-signature transaction, the multi-signature transaction is sent to a cluster head node of the demander, the cluster head node is called a first cluster head node, the first cluster head node checks an allowed access list of data generated by equipment in the cluster and an allowed access list of the equipment in the cluster, and if a requester of the multi-signature transaction is in the list, the transaction is broadcasted to the cluster where the first cluster head node is located; otherwise, broadcasting to other cluster head nodes through a block chain network;
the second cluster head node discovers that the equipment of the requiring party in the cluster generates an allowed access list of data or an allowed access list of the equipment in the cluster, and sends a data request of the requiring party to the corresponding equipment and sends the acquired request data to the requiring party.
The second cluster head node and the first cluster head node will maintain the data transaction record.
Furthermore, the system can also realize that a user hopes to check the real-time access condition of the equipment in real time, and further ensure the safety of the system equipment. When cluster head nodes on the block chain network receive the request of the monitoring equipment, each cluster head node collects real-time access information of different cluster head nodes and different groups of equipment in the same cluster and sends the real-time access information to the monitoring requester.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Block chain-based Internet of things system, characterized by comprising:
the device layer, the device network, the intermediate network, the blockchain network, the interface layer and the application layer are sequentially connected;
the device layer comprises: various sensing devices, detection sensing devices or control devices;
dividing all equipment of an equipment layer into a plurality of equipment families according to an area division principle, dividing all equipment families into a plurality of equipment clusters, setting a family master node for each equipment family, and setting a cluster head node for each equipment cluster;
the equipment in the same equipment group communicates through an equipment network; devices in different device families in the same cluster communicate through respective family master nodes by using an intermediate network; the equipment of different clusters communicates, and the cluster head nodes are utilized to exchange data with the equipment in other cluster head nodes through a block chain network;
For the same data transaction, the data storage uses a blockchain network and an intermediate network, wherein the request cluster head node and the accessed cluster head node on the blockchain network store complete data information; wherein the complete data information comprises: a request cluster head node, an accessed cluster head node, a request family master node, an accessed family master node, accessed data and a random number; the request family master node and the accessed family master node on the intermediate network only store the request family master node, the accessed data, the random number and the hash value in the complete data information; the data storage forms a pi-type data storage, two pins of pi are a request group main node and an accessed group main node on an intermediate network, two shoulders of pi are a request cluster head node and an accessed cluster head node on a blockchain network, and the data storage is complete.
2. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: in one device family, devices which are always online and have computing capacity and storage capacity are set as family master nodes; if a plurality of devices in a device group satisfy the condition of the group master node, the largest computing capacity is preferably selected, and the largest storage capacity is then selected as the group master node.
3. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: judging whether the communication delay of equipment exceeds a first set threshold value in a first cluster where a first family master node is located;
if yes, the first family master node initiates a group entering request to the second cluster head and initiates a group exiting request to the first cluster head;
after receiving the group entering request, the second cluster head judges whether the resource utilization rate of the self processor is lower than a second set threshold value, if so, the second cluster head sends a group entering request to the first group main node; otherwise disagree;
the second cluster head creates a new data block, reads a local data block chain from the second cluster head, updates the read local data block chain into the new data block, and updates a device list which is allowed to be accessed and a data list which is allowed to be accessed in the data block;
and the first cluster head deletes the stored equipment and data of the first group of nodes.
4. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: each cluster head node has a cluster data block created when the cluster head node is added or deleted, each cluster data block comprising: the block address, a device list allowing access in the cluster, a data list allowing access in the cluster and a transaction data storage area; a plurality of cluster data blocks of the same cluster head node are connected through address pointers to form a cluster data block chain;
The system further comprises: the family master node is responsible for adding new devices by creating data blocks and deleting existing devices by deleting data blocks; each data block of the local data block chain is provided with a strategy header, the strategy header comprises a device access permission list and a data access permission list, and the strategy header controls devices among device groups in the cluster to perform data interaction.
5. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the user client subscribes to the real-time data generated by the equipment layer equipment, and the user client hashes the real-time data to obtain a first hash value;
the user client sends a data verification request to the cloud storage server through any node on the blockchain network; the user client side uploads the first hash value to the cloud storage server;
the cloud storage server receives a data verification request and a first hash value, and the cloud storage server reads a second hash value in a data block, wherein the second hash value is obtained by carrying out hash processing on real-time data by equipment layer equipment, and the equipment layer equipment uploads the second hash value to the cloud storage server for storage;
And the cloud storage server compares whether the first hash value is consistent with the second hash value, if so, the current real-time data is determined to be real-time data, and if not, the current real-time data is determined to be false data.
6. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: if the data interaction requirement exists among different equipment families in the same cluster, a shared storage area is allocated for the cluster head node, and the shared storage area is used for maintaining the data interacted among the different families;
message processing state of the group master node, comprising: a group message processing state and a cluster message processing state in parallel, wherein the group message processing state and the cluster message processing state receive group messages or cluster messages at the same time, but the group message processing state only processes the group messages and discards the group messages; the cluster message processing state only processes the cluster message and discards the cluster message.
7. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the cloud storage server is provided with a right for sending multiple signatures and accesses to the cloud storage server by the cluster head node; the cloud storage server groups the data of the visitor into a plurality of data blocks, and each data block is provided with a unique data block number; the cloud storage server uses the data block number and the hash of the stored data to carry out identity verification; if the data with the given data block number and the hash is successfully located in the storage process, the visitor is verified; the cloud storage server stores the data packets received from the cluster head nodes in the blocks according to a first-in first-out sequence; when in storage, the data is subjected to hash operation, and the data and a hash value generated by the data through the hash operation are stored together; after the cloud storage server stores the data, the new block number is encrypted using the shared key.
8. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the cluster master node allows the cluster head nodes to be separated from each other to form a new cluster and become new cluster head nodes, and the cluster master node becomes the new cluster head nodes, comprising:
the current family master node sends a request for establishing a new cluster to other cluster head nodes through the cluster head node where the current family master node is located;
the cluster head node on the block chain network detects the number of the existing cluster head node, and selects the minimum idle number to send to the current family master node;
the current family master node receives the minimum idle number, sets the minimum idle number as the own cluster head node number, and is separated from the cluster head node where the current family master node is located;
message processing state of the group master node, comprising: a group message processing state and a cluster message processing state in parallel, wherein the group message processing state and the cluster message processing state receive group messages or cluster messages at the same time, but the group message processing state only processes the group messages and discards the group messages; the cluster message processing state only processes the cluster message and discards the cluster message.
9. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: when the fourth group main node is a group main node, the active state of the message processing state of the fourth group main node is a group message processing state, the cluster message processing state is a silent state, the group message processing state does not receive cluster messages any more, and only receives the group messages;
When the fourth family master node is upgraded to the cluster head node, the active state is a cluster message processing state, a first-in first-out message buffer area is designed at the moment, and the message buffer area is responsible for receiving information from equipment and the cluster head node received by the fourth cluster head node; when the message to be processed in the message buffer area is a cluster message, directly processing the cluster message; when the message to be processed in the message buffer area is a group message, the group message processing state is to be switched to the group message processing state, and then the group message is input into the group message processing state;
similarly, when the active state of the fourth cluster head node is the group message processing state, all received input messages are added into the message buffer area, if the messages extracted from the message buffer area are the group messages, the messages are directly processed, if the messages are the cluster messages, the message processing state is firstly converted from the group message processing state to the cluster message processing state, and then the cluster messages are input and processed.
10. The blockchain-based internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: when the terminal equipment stores data in the cloud storage server, the terminal equipment firstly sends the data to a cluster head node where the terminal equipment is located;
If the cluster head node does not have the data access authority of the cloud storage server, the cluster head node sends a broadcast message through a block chain network to request the cluster head node with the data access authority of the cloud storage server to store data;
if the cluster head node has the data access authority of the cloud storage server, extracting the block number of the previous data block in the cloud storage server and the hash value of the data block; the cluster head node creates a random ID, and calculates the block number of the previous data block, the hash value of the previous data block, the data and the random ID to obtain a new hash value;
the cluster head node confirms that the available space of the cloud storage server is allowed to be used, initiates consensus in the blockchain network, and records a random ID and a new hash value in each node on the blockchain network;
the cluster head node packages the block number, the data, the random ID and the new hash value of the previous data block into a data block and sends the data block to the cloud storage server.
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