CN117374337A - Thermal management method and device for vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, vehicle and storage medium - Google Patents

Thermal management method and device for vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, vehicle and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117374337A
CN117374337A CN202210778519.7A CN202210778519A CN117374337A CN 117374337 A CN117374337 A CN 117374337A CN 202210778519 A CN202210778519 A CN 202210778519A CN 117374337 A CN117374337 A CN 117374337A
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loop
temperature
actual
cooling liquid
mass
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许宏基
宋亚召
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Weishi Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Weishi Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for thermal management of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, a vehicle, and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at an electric pile inlet of a vehicle-mounted fuel system; when the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, controlling the opening of a valve of the flow dividing valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be conducted simultaneously, and obtaining the second actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; and calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, and when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, controlling the diverter valve to be closed, keeping the first loop on and simultaneously enabling the second loop to be cut off. Therefore, the invention can avoid the influence of the temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid on the heat management in a low-temperature environment or when the power change of the engine is faster, and improve the control precision of the heat management.

Description

Thermal management method and device for vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, vehicle and storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for thermal management of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, a vehicle, and a storage medium.
Background
The vehicle-mounted fuel cell system uses components such as cooling liquid, a water pump, a radiator and the like to radiate heat for the electric pile so as to ensure that the electric pile can work under the most suitable working temperature condition. Two cooling loops (a first loop and a second loop) in the vehicle can control the flow direction of cooling liquid through a cooling liquid flow dividing valve, and a radiator can be arranged in the second loop to realize heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the environment; however, when the temperature difference between the first circuit and the second circuit is large and the piping is long, the temperature change after mixing the coolant becomes difficult to control, and a case occurs in which the temperature change of the first circuit is large, and such a large temperature change affects the fuel cell.
In the related art, the temperature adaptability of the fuel cell can be expanded, and the temperature adjustment can be performed using a PID controller (Proportion Integration Differentiation, proportional-integral-derivative controller). However, the problem of temperature adaptability of the fuel cell is a fundamental problem of the fuel cell, and relates to the operation principle of the fuel cell, the application range of the fuel cell cannot be infinitely expanded, and the conventional PID controller can only judge the temperature change in real time and perform corresponding adjustment actions, so that the control accuracy is low, the control effect is unstable, and the application degree between cooling pipelines with different lengths is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a thermal management method for a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, which can effectively improve the control accuracy of thermal management, improve the controllability, intelligence and stability of vehicle-mounted heat exchange, reduce the risk of battery loss, and meet the needs of practical use.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of thermal management of an on-board fuel cell, the on-board fuel system comprising a first circuit, a second circuit, and a diverter valve that controls the first circuit and the second circuit to be turned on or off, wherein the method comprises the steps of: acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at an electric pile inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; when the first actual temperature is greater than a preset temperature, controlling the valve opening of the flow dividing valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be conducted simultaneously, and obtaining a second actual temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of a radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; and calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, and controlling the diverter valve to be closed when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, and keeping the first loop on and simultaneously stopping the second loop.
Further, calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit comprises: calculating expected heat dissipation according to a first temperature difference value between the first actual temperature and the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, wherein a calculation formula of the expected heat dissipation is as follows:
Qm＝Cm*ΔT1*m1，
calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to a second temperature difference value between the second actual temperature and the preset temperature and the expected heat dissipation heat; wherein, the calculation formula of the expected quality is:
m＝Qm/(Cm*ΔT)，
wherein Qm represents the desired heat dissipation amount, m1 represents the actual mass of the first loop cooling liquid, Δt1 represents the first temperature difference, Δt represents the second temperature difference, m represents the desired mass, and Cm is the mass heat capacity.
Further, calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit comprises: and inquiring a preset database of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system by taking the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop as indexes to obtain the expected mass.
Further, when the cross-sectional area of the valve opening of the diverter valve and the rotation speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both not fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is:
m2＝C*v*ρ*t，
wherein m2 is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid, and t is the actual opening time of the flow dividing valve.
Further, when the cross-sectional area of the valve opening of the diverter valve and the rotation speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both not fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is:
wherein M2 is the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop, n is the actual number of control cycles of the split valve, M n The actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is represented by k which is a positive integer; the calculation formula of the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is as follows:
wherein Mn is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the difference between t1 and t2 is a control period, and ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid.
Further, after controlling the shunt valve to close, the method further includes: judging whether the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature; if the first actual temperature is not equal to the second actual temperature, keeping the first loop on, stopping the second loop, and continuously obtaining the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile;
judging whether the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature or not if the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature, controlling the valve opening of the flow dividing valve to the maximum opening if the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, enabling the second loop to be conducted while enabling the first loop to be cut off, controlling the radiator to enter a radiating mode until the first actual temperature is less than or equal to the preset temperature, and controlling the flow dividing valve and the radiator to be closed; otherwise, keeping the first loop on, stopping the second loop, and continuously obtaining the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile.
Further, when the valve opening of the shunt valve is controlled so that the first loop and the second loop are simultaneously conducted, the radiator is in a closed state.
Compared with the prior art, the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system has the following advantages:
according to the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, the opening and closing of the flow dividing valve can be controlled by judging whether the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, so that the thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is realized, the influence of the temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid on the control precision of the thermal management in a low-temperature environment or when the power change of the engine is quick is avoided, the control precision of the thermal management is effectively improved, the controllability, the intelligence and the stability of vehicle-mounted heat exchange are improved, the battery loss risk is reduced, and the actual use requirement is met.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a thermal management device for a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, which can control the opening and closing of the diverter valve by judging whether the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop reaches the desired mass, so as to realize thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, avoid the influence of the coolant temperature fluctuation on the control precision of the thermal management in a low-temperature environment or when the power of the engine changes rapidly, effectively improve the control precision of the thermal management, improve the controllability, the intelligence and the stability of the vehicle-mounted heat exchange, reduce the battery loss risk, and meet the actual use requirement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a thermal management device for an in-vehicle fuel cell system, comprising: the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at a pile inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; the adjusting module is used for controlling the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be conducted simultaneously when the first actual temperature is larger than a preset temperature, and obtaining a second actual temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; the control module is used for calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, and controlling the diverter valve to be closed when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, and keeping the first loop on and simultaneously stopping the second loop.
The heat management device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system has the same advantages as the heat management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system compared with the prior art, and is not described herein.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle, which can control the opening and closing of the diverter valve by judging whether the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop reaches the desired mass, so as to realize the thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, avoid the influence of the coolant temperature fluctuation on the control precision of the thermal management in the low-temperature environment or when the power change of the engine is fast, effectively improve the control precision of the thermal management, improve the controllability, the intelligence and the stability of the vehicle-mounted heat exchange, reduce the battery loss risk, and meet the actual use requirement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a vehicle, comprising: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system as described in the embodiment.
The vehicle and the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system have the same advantages compared with the prior art, and are not described herein.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a computer readable storage medium which can be used to carry out and implement the thermal management method of the on-board fuel system as in the above embodiment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that is executed by a processor for implementing the thermal management method of the in-vehicle fuel cell system of the above-described embodiment.
The computer readable storage medium has the same advantages as the above-mentioned thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system over the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of thermal management of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional schematic of two cooling circuits of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart of a thermal management method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an exemplary diagram of a thermal management device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: in fig. 2, the arrow direction is the direction in which the coolant flows when the flow divider valve is fully opened.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of thermal management of an in-vehicle fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a thermal management method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
in step S101, a first actual temperature of a cooling liquid at a stack inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system is obtained.
The cooling liquid can be used for cooling the galvanic pile, and the main component can be water and the like, which is not particularly limited; according to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the cooling liquid at the electric pile inlet can be recorded through the temperature sensor, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the first temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid, i.e. the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the electric pile inlet in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system can be obtained through the first temperature sensor.
The coolant diverter valve is used as a controller for switching the cooling loops of the cooling module, and can control the flow of the coolant in each cooling loop; the water pump can provide power for the circulation movement of the cooling liquid so as to meet the requirements of the fuel cell in heat dissipation.
It can be understood that the embodiment of the invention can record the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile through the first temperature sensor, so as to be used for judging whether the temperature of the cooling liquid meets the working requirement of the electric pile or not in the subsequent embodiment.
The structure of the vehicle fuel system will be described below with reference to fig. 2, for convenience of the following description, in detail:
as shown in fig. 2, when the position of the diverter valve is closed, the passages between the galvanic pile and the diverter valve, between the diverter valve and the water pump and between the water pump and the galvanic pile are opened, the passages between the diverter valve and the radiator and between the radiator and the water pump are closed, the flow of the cooling liquid is driven by the water pump, and the cooling liquid flows through the galvanic pile and the diverter valve and returns to the water pump inlet, and the embodiment of the invention can be named as a first loop; when the flow dividing valve is opened, a loop comprising the flow dividing valve, the radiator and the second temperature sensor is opened, and the cooling liquid flows through the pile, the flow dividing valve and the radiator from the water pump outlet and returns to the water pump inlet again. In fig. 2, the diverter valve is in an all-open state, and the arrows indicate the flow direction of the coolant, and at this time, the first circuit is disconnected and the second circuit is in a conductive state.
In step S102, when the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, controlling the opening of the valve of the diverter valve to make the first loop and the second loop conduct simultaneously, and obtaining a second actual temperature of the coolant at the radiator outlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system.
The preset temperature may be specifically set according to actual use conditions, for example, the preset temperature may be a critical temperature that meets the normal working requirements of the fuel cell, and the preset temperature is not specifically limited; the embodiment of the invention can use the second temperature sensor to obtain the second actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention can detect the temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator in real time through the second temperature sensor.
It should be noted that, when the first loop and the second loop are simultaneously turned on, the opening corresponding to the diverter valve may be determined according to the first actual temperature, the opening corresponding to the higher temperature may be set to be larger, the opening corresponding to the lower temperature may be smaller, for example, the preset temperature is 70 ℃, when the first actual temperature is 75 ℃, and at this time, the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, the corresponding opening may be 1/3, and when the first actual temperature is 80 ℃, the corresponding opening may be 1/2, and the like, and of course, the specific correspondence between the temperature and the opening may be specifically calibrated according to the actual situation, which is merely an example and not limited specifically.
It can be understood that when the flow dividing valve has a certain opening degree and is not fully opened, the cooling liquid flows through the two loops, and the embodiment of the invention can adjust the opening degree of the valve of the flow dividing valve, so that the first loop and the second loop are simultaneously conducted, and the purpose of the conduction is to cool the cooling liquid of the first loop by using the cooling liquid of the second loop. When the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve is controlled so that the first loop and the second loop are conducted simultaneously, the radiator is in a closed state. When the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first loop is higher, the amount of low-temperature cooling liquid to be mixed is more, so that the temperature change rate is faster, and the purpose of rapid cooling is achieved; if the temperature of the first loop cooling liquid is not high, the mixed low-temperature cooling liquid is less, the temperature change rate is low, and the cooling requirement can be met; therefore, the embodiment of the invention can realize the adjustment of the change rate of the temperature of the cooling liquid by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first circuit is higher and exceeds the set working temperature, the valve of the diverter valve is controlled to be opened, so that the cooling liquid in the first circuit and the cooling liquid in the second circuit can be mixed, when the cooling liquid in the second circuit and the cooling liquid in the first circuit are mixed, the cooling liquid in the high temperature can heat the cooling liquid in the low temperature, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid in the low temperature can reduce the temperature of the cooling liquid in the high temperature, so that temperature change can be generated for the cooling liquid in the first circuit and the cooling liquid in the second circuit, and the temperature of the cooling liquid can be adjusted to a certain degree.
In step S103, the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second circuit is calculated according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit, and when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second circuit reaches the expected mass, the diverter valve is controlled to be closed, and the second circuit is cut off while the first circuit is kept on.
It will be appreciated that when the temperature change of the loop is large, the large temperature change will affect the fuel cell, and the measurement is required to ensure that the temperature change of the loop is within a controllable or predicted change range, so that the embodiment of the invention can set the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop matched with the current state, and control the opening and closing of the diverter valve according to the obtained temperature data, so as to realize the control of the temperature through the adjustment of the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, which is mixed into the loop to cool the cooling liquid in the first loop. The calculation of the desired and actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second circuit of the present application will be explained in detail below.
1. In the embodiment of the invention, the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop corresponding to the flow dividing valve in the current state can be obtained in various modes, which is not particularly limited.
As one possible implementation, calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit from the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature, and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit includes: according to a first temperature difference value between a first actual temperature and a preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, calculating expected heat dissipation, wherein a calculation formula of the expected mass is as follows:
Qm＝Cm*ΔT1*m1，
calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to a second temperature difference value between the second actual temperature and the preset temperature and the expected heat dissipation heat; wherein, the calculation formula of the expected quality is:
m＝Qm/(Cm*ΔT)，
wherein Qm represents the desired heat dissipation, m1 represents the actual mass of the first loop coolant, Δt1 represents the first temperature difference, Δt represents the second temperature difference, m represents the desired mass, cm is the mass heat capacity.
It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention may use a combination of a rate controlled by PID and a variation controlled by integral. Wherein, the algorithm is based on mass integration, so the control effect is not affected by the change of the pipeline; and the control rate of the PID controller is used as a control variable of the shunt valve, so that higher control precision and better control effect can be achieved. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can control the temperature of the cooling liquid to change more strictly according to the regulation of the function curve, and the temperature is controlled purposefully and precisely.
As another possible implementation, calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit from the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature, and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit includes: and inquiring a preset database of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system by taking the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop as indexes to obtain the expected mass.
It can be appreciated that the embodiment of the invention can also adopt a method of looking up a database to obtain the expected opening duration. The preset database of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system can be correspondingly generated through calculation, actual test and the like according to actual conditions, and the preset database can be drawn up in various modes by a person skilled in the art, so that the method is not particularly limited.
2. In the embodiment of the invention, in the process of calculating the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the embodiment of the invention can consider the calculation condition when the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both fixed values under an ideal calculation environment; the situation that the cross section of the valve opening of the flow valve and the rotation speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are not fixed values can be considered under the partial situations of actual measurement.
(1) In the embodiment of the invention, when the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
m2＝C*v*ρ*t，
wherein m2 is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid, and t is the actual opening time of the flow dividing valve.
(2) In the embodiment of the invention, when the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both non-fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
wherein M2 is the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop, n is the actual number of control cycles of the split valve, M n And k is a positive integer, wherein the calculation formula of the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is as follows:
wherein Mn is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the difference between t1 and t2 is one control period, and ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid.
It is understood that when the cross-sectional area and the rotation speed of the water pump are fixed, the liquid quality and time during mixing are proportional; the sectional area of the flow dividing valve can be calculated by the position of the flow dividing valve at the moment, and the flow velocity can be obtained by the rotating speed of the water pump; thus, according to the conservation of heat formula, embodiments of the present invention can calculate the actual mass of the coolant in the second circuit by establishing the above formula.
It should be noted that, in order to leave a margin of temperature variation, the embodiment of the present invention may use the temperature interval as a determination condition for determining whether to end control, so as to control, for example, the target temperature is 70 degrees celsius and the optimal temperature interval of the electric pile is 68-73 degrees celsius, if, according to the above thermal management method, after actual control, the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor is 72 degrees celsius, although the target temperature is not reached, the temperature after the end of regulation is in the optimal temperature interval of the electric pile, so that the embodiment of the present invention may determine that the control is ended this time and the result meets the expectations; however, if the obtained temperature is 75 ℃, and is not in the optimal temperature range of the galvanic pile, the embodiment of the invention needs to perform the next round of control, namely, the calculation and the control of the next round are performed according to the temperature of 75 ℃ and the target temperature of 70 ℃.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the shunt valve is controlled to close, the method further includes: judging whether the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature; if the first actual temperature is not equal to the second actual temperature, the first loop is kept on, the second loop is cut off, and the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile is continuously obtained; if the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature, judging whether the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, if the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, controlling the valve opening of the flow dividing valve to the maximum opening, enabling the second loop to be conducted while enabling the first loop to be cut off, controlling the radiator to enter a heat dissipation mode, controlling the flow dividing valve and the radiator to be closed until the first actual temperature is less than or equal to the preset temperature, otherwise, keeping the first loop to be conducted, enabling the second loop to be cut off, and continuously obtaining the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile.
It will be appreciated that when the temperature of the coolant in the second circuit is low, the coolant mixed into the first circuit will lower the temperature of the circuit, and conversely, the high temperature coolant entering the second circuit will raise the temperature of the second circuit; when the two are balanced, namely the flow dividing valve can not effectively adjust the temperature, the flow dividing valve can be fully opened, and the embodiment of the invention can control the temperature by using the radiator. The radiator is an actuator for realizing heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the external environment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, after the step S103 is performed, that is, after the control of the shunt valve is closed, the embodiment of the present invention may further determine whether the first actual temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is equal to the second actual temperature detected by the second temperature sensor, and if the actual temperatures detected by the first and second temperature sensors are not equal to each other, step S101 may be continuously performed. If the detected actual temperatures are equal, judging whether any actual temperature is greater than a preset temperature, and if not, continuing to execute the step S101; if yes, the diverter valve is controlled to be fully opened, the radiator is controlled to enter a radiator control mode, and the radiator is controlled to start working. Because the current cooling capacity is indicated to ensure that the fuel cell is at a proper working temperature when the temperature of the first temperature sensor is less than or equal to the preset temperature, the embodiment of the invention can close the radiator and the flow dividing valve when the actual temperature detected by the first temperature sensor falls below the preset temperature.
The method for thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the specific embodiment, wherein the system structure may be as shown in fig. 2, but is not limited to this structure. As shown in fig. 3, the specific flow is as follows:
S1, starting a flow, and detecting the temperature of a cooling liquid at an inlet of a galvanic pile of a first loop by a first temperature sensor;
s2, detecting whether the temperature of the first temperature sensor is higher than a set temperature, returning to the step S1 if the temperature of the first temperature sensor is not higher than the set temperature, and continuing to the step S3 if the temperature of the first temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature;
s3, the flow dividing valve is controlled to be opened by the PID controller, and is in a non-full-open state at the moment;
s4, detecting the temperature of the second loop by a second temperature sensor, and calculating the actual mass and the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop:
according to a first temperature difference value between a first actual temperature and a preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, calculating expected heat dissipation, wherein a calculation formula of the expected heat dissipation is as follows:
Qm＝Cm*ΔT1*m1，
according to a second temperature difference value between a second actual temperature and a preset temperature and an expected heat dissipation heat, calculating an expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, wherein a calculation formula of the expected mass is as follows:
m＝Qm/(Cm*ΔT)，
wherein Qm represents the desired heat dissipation, m1 represents the actual mass of the first loop coolant, Δt1 represents the first temperature difference, Δt represents the second temperature difference, m represents the desired mass, cm is the mass heat capacity.
When the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
m2＝C*v*ρ*t，
wherein m2 is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid, and t is the actual opening time of the flow dividing valve.
When the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both non-fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
wherein M2 is the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop, n is the actual number of control cycles of the split valve, M n The actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is represented by k which is a positive integer; the calculation formula of the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is as follows:
wherein Mn is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the difference between t1 and t2 is one control period, and ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid;
s5, controlling the opening and closing of the flow dividing valve by judging whether the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, returning to the step S3 if the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop does not reach the expected mixing mass, and continuing to the step S6 if the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mixing mass;
S6, closing the diverter valve;
s7, judging whether the temperature of the first temperature sensor is equal to that of the second temperature sensor, returning to the step S1 if the temperature of the first temperature sensor is not equal to that of the second temperature sensor, and continuing to the step S8 if the temperature of the first temperature sensor is equal to that of the second temperature sensor;
s8, the diverter valve is fully opened and enters a radiator control mode;
and S9, if the temperature of the first temperature sensor is reduced and is different from the temperature of the second temperature sensor, continuing to return to the step S1 when the temperature of the first temperature sensor is reduced but still greater than the preset temperature, and when the temperature of the first temperature sensor is less than or equal to the preset temperature, indicating that the cooling loop is in a state capable of ensuring that the fuel cell is at a proper working temperature, controlling the flow divider and the radiator to be closed at the moment, and ending the flow.
It will be appreciated that the control flow described above is a cyclic flow in which the second temperature sensor and the first temperature sensor constantly monitor the coolant circuit temperature and communicate it to the controller for temperature determination. And finally, the position of the flow dividing valve is fully opened, the radiator control mode is entered, and when the temperature of the first temperature sensor is greatly reduced and is lower than the set range, the flow is carried out again.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention can realize the prejudgment of the temperature drop valve so as to plan the action standard of the actuator in advance, and change the cooling rate of the cooling liquid by matching with the traditional PID control so as to ensure the accuracy of temperature control.
According to the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the opening and closing of the flow dividing valve can be controlled by judging whether the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, so that the thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is realized, the influence of the temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid on the control precision of the thermal management in a low-temperature environment or when the power of an engine changes rapidly is avoided, the control precision of the thermal management is effectively improved, the controllability, the intelligence and the stability of vehicle-mounted heat exchange are improved, the battery loss risk is reduced, and the actual use requirement is met.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention also discloses a thermal management device 10 of an in-vehicle fuel cell system, which includes: an acquisition module 100, an adjustment module 200 and a control module 300.
The acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at a pile inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; the adjusting module 200 is configured to control the opening of the valve of the diverter valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be simultaneously turned on when the first actual temperature is greater than a preset temperature, and obtain a second actual temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system; the control module 300 is configured to calculate an expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second circuit according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature, and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit, and when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second circuit reaches the expected mass, control the diverter valve to close, keep the first circuit on, and simultaneously stop the second circuit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control module 300 is configured to: and inquiring a preset database of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system by taking the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop as indexes to obtain the expected mass.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control module 300 is further configured to: according to a first temperature difference value between a first actual temperature and a preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, calculating expected heat dissipation, wherein a calculation formula of the expected mass is as follows:
Qm＝Cm*ΔT1*m1，
calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to a second temperature difference value between the second actual temperature and the preset temperature and the expected heat dissipation heat; wherein, the calculation formula of the expected quality is:
m＝Qm/(Cm*ΔT)，
wherein Qm represents the desired heat dissipation, m1 represents the actual mass of the first loop coolant, Δt1 represents the first temperature difference, Δt represents the second temperature difference, m represents the desired mass, cm is the mass heat capacity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment module 300 is further configured to: when the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
m2＝C*v*ρ*t，
Wherein m2 is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid, and t is the actual opening time of the flow dividing valve.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment module 300 is further configured to: when the cross section of the valve opening of the flow dividing valve and the rotating speed of the water pump in the vehicle-mounted fuel system are both non-fixed values, the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop is as follows:
wherein M2 is the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop, n is the actual number of control cycles of the split valve, M n The actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is represented by k which is a positive integer; the calculation formula of the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is as follows:
wherein Mn is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the difference between t1 and t2 is one control period, and ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thermal management device 10 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: and a judging module. The judging module is used for judging whether the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature; if the first actual temperature is not equal to the second actual temperature, judging whether the first actual temperature is greater than a preset temperature or not; if the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature and the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, controlling the valve opening of the flow dividing valve to the maximum opening, enabling the second loop to be conducted while enabling the first loop to be cut off, and controlling the radiator to enter a radiating mode until the first actual temperature is less than or equal to the preset temperature, and controlling the flow dividing valve and the radiator to be closed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal management device 10 of the embodiment of the present invention is further used for: when the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve is controlled so that the first loop and the second loop are conducted simultaneously, the radiator is in a closed state.
It should be noted that, the specific implementation manner of the thermal management device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system in the embodiment of the present invention is similar to the specific implementation manner of the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, and in order to reduce redundancy, a description is omitted here.
According to the thermal management device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the opening and closing of the flow dividing valve can be controlled by judging whether the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, so that the thermal management of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is realized, the influence of the temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid on the control precision of the thermal management in a low-temperature environment or when the power of an engine changes rapidly is avoided, the control precision of the thermal management is effectively improved, the controllability, the intelligence and the stability of vehicle-mounted heat exchange are improved, the battery loss risk is reduced, and the actual use requirement is met.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention also discloses a vehicle, which may include:
memory 501, processor 502, and a computer program stored on memory 501 and executable on processor 502.
The processor 502 implements the path optimization method of the train-following vehicles provided in the above-described embodiment when executing a program.
Further, the vehicle further includes:
a communication interface 503 for communication between the memory 501 and the processor 502.
Memory 501 for storing a computer program executable on processor 502.
The memory 501 may include high speed RAM (Random Access Memory ) memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.
If the memory 501, the processor 502, and the communication interface 503 are implemented independently, the communication interface 503, the memory 501, and the processor 502 may be connected to each other via a bus and perform communication with each other. The bus may be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture ) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component, external device interconnect) bus, or EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture ) bus, among others. The buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in fig. 5, but not only one bus or one type of bus.
Alternatively, in a specific implementation, if the memory 501, the processor 502, and the communication interface 503 are integrated on a chip, the memory 501, the processor 502, and the communication interface 503 may perform communication with each other through internal interfaces.
The processor 502 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit ) or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, application specific integrated circuit) or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the program is executed by a processor for realizing the thermal management method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system of the above embodiment.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of thermal management of an in-vehicle fuel cell system, the in-vehicle fuel system comprising a first circuit, a second circuit, and a diverter valve that controls the first circuit and the second circuit to be turned on or off, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
Acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at an electric pile inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system;
when the first actual temperature is greater than a preset temperature, controlling the valve opening of the flow dividing valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be conducted simultaneously, and obtaining a second actual temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of a radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system;
and calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, and controlling the diverter valve to be closed when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, and keeping the first loop on and simultaneously stopping the second loop.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit based on the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature, and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit comprises:
calculating expected heat dissipation according to a first temperature difference value between the first actual temperature and the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, wherein a calculation formula of the expected heat dissipation is as follows:
Qm＝Cm*ΔT1*m1，
Calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to a second temperature difference value between the second actual temperature and the preset temperature and the expected heat dissipation heat, wherein a calculation formula of the expected mass is as follows:
m＝Qm/(Cm*ΔT)，
wherein Qm represents the desired heat dissipation amount, m1 represents the actual mass of the first loop cooling liquid, Δt1 represents the first temperature difference, Δt represents the second temperature difference, m represents the desired mass, and Cm is the mass heat capacity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the desired mass of the cooling fluid in the second circuit based on the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature, and the actual mass of the cooling fluid in the first cooling circuit comprises:
and inquiring a preset database of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system by taking the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop as indexes to obtain the expected mass.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that when the cross-sectional area of the valve opening of the diverter valve and the rotational speed of the water pump in the on-board fuel system are both fixed values, the actual mass of the coolant in the second circuit is:
m2＝C*v*ρ*t，
Wherein m2 is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid, and t is the actual opening time of the flow dividing valve.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that when the cross-sectional area of the valve opening of the diverter valve and the rotational speed of the water pump in the on-board fuel system are both non-fixed values, the actual mass of the coolant in the second circuit is:
wherein M2 is the actual mass of the coolant in the second loop, n is the actual number of control cycles of the split valve, M n The actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is represented by k which is a positive integer; the calculation formula of the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period is as follows:
wherein Mn is the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop in any control period, C is the sectional area of the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve, v is the flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the second loop, the difference between t1 and t2 is a control period, and ρ is the liquid density of the cooling liquid.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after controlling the diverter valve to close:
Judging whether the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature;
if the first actual temperature is not equal to the second actual temperature, keeping the first loop on, stopping the second loop, and continuously obtaining the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile;
if the first actual temperature is equal to the second actual temperature, judging whether the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, if the first actual temperature is greater than the preset temperature, controlling the valve opening of the shunt valve to the maximum opening, enabling the second loop to be conducted while enabling the first loop to be cut off, controlling the radiator to enter a heat dissipation mode until the first actual temperature is less than or equal to the preset temperature, controlling the shunt valve and the radiator to be closed, otherwise, keeping the first loop to be conducted, enabling the second loop to be cut off, and continuously obtaining the first actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the radiator is in a closed state when the valve opening of the diverter valve is controlled such that the first circuit and the second circuit are simultaneously on.
8. A thermal management device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first actual temperature of cooling liquid at a pile inlet of the vehicle-mounted fuel system;
the adjusting module is used for controlling the opening of the valve of the flow dividing valve to enable the first loop and the second loop to be conducted simultaneously when the first actual temperature is larger than a preset temperature, and obtaining a second actual temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator of the vehicle-mounted fuel system;
the control module is used for calculating the expected mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop according to the first actual temperature, the second actual temperature, the preset temperature and the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, and controlling the diverter valve to be closed when the actual mass of the cooling liquid in the second loop reaches the expected mass, and keeping the first loop on and simultaneously stopping the second loop.
9. A vehicle, characterized by comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the method of thermal management of an in-vehicle fuel cell system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the program is executed by a processor for realizing the thermal management method of the in-vehicle fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202210778519.7A 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Thermal management method and device for vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, vehicle and storage medium Pending CN117374337A (en)

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