CN117368993A - Fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem - Google Patents
Fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, which comprises the following steps: after loading the five-dimensional gather data through the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data; predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, and predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the instantaneous attribute of the target horizon of the coal seam; and determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, further obtaining the crack development condition of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and carrying out comprehensive analysis to qualitatively explain the possible water guide channels. The method and the device are used for solving the technical problem that the accurate prediction of the cracks in the coal seam and the accurate qualitative of the water guide channel of the roof of the coal seam cannot be realized in the prior art, so that the aims of accurately predicting the cracks in the coal seam and accurately qualifying the water guide channel of the roof of the coal seam are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fracture prediction and water guide channel qualitative, in particular to a fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem.
Background
The stability of the coal seam roof has a crucial effect on the safety production of the coal mine, and the roof mudstone fissure is developed, so that a water guide channel is possibly formed, and the water-bearing sandstone is conducted with the coal seam, so that the safety production of the coal mine is influenced.
The wide azimuth seismic exploration technology is a three-dimensional seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation integrated technology with the transverse-longitudinal ratio larger than 0.5, and firstly, a high-quality seismic data volume is acquired through a wide azimuth observation system; and then, adopting an OVT fine processing technology to provide a high-quality five-dimensional common reflection point gather, namely five-dimensional information including three-dimensional coordinates, offset, azimuth and the like. The offset information has correlation with the scale of the detected target geologic body, formation lithology, fluid composition and the like, and the azimuth information has correlation with development characteristics such as fracture, crack and the like in the formation.
The wide azimuth seismic exploration technology provides ideal basic data for explaining small faults in a coal bed, but the accurate prediction of cracks in the coal bed and the accurate qualitative of a water guide channel of a roof of the coal bed cannot be realized in the prior art based on the basic data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, which is used for solving the technical problems that the accurate prediction of the fracture in the coal seam and the accurate qualitative of the coal seam roof water guide channel cannot be realized in the prior art, so that the aims of accurately predicting the fracture in the coal seam and accurately qualifying the coal seam roof water guide channel are fulfilled.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem comprises the following steps:
after loading the five-dimensional gather data through a GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, and predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the instantaneous attribute of the target horizon of the coal seam;
and determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, further obtaining the crack development condition of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and carrying out comprehensive analysis to qualitatively explain the possible water guide channels.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, the method includes:
performing azimuth angle and offset checking on the five-dimensional gather data;
performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
and displaying a template view and a fracture prediction fit ellipse on the five-dimensional gather data.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing azimuth and offset checking on the five-dimensional gather data, the method includes:
loading the five-dimensional gather data to a main interface display of the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, and loading an interpreted coal seam target horizon and a fracture structure;
and checking whether the range of the azimuth angle and the offset distance is accurate or not based on the range of the azimuth angle and the offset distance displayed by the template view of the main interface.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, the method includes:
displaying the trace profile of the five-dimensional trace data through the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
and checking the objective horizon of the coal seam and the included amplitude variation curve explained in the gather section.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the five-dimensional gather data is displayed by template view and fracture prediction fit ellipse, the method includes:
displaying amplitude information, frequency spectrum and fracture prediction fit ellipse of a single point in a work area through the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
adjusting the range of offset in the template view, and checking whether the fracture prediction fit ellipse can meet the prediction condition;
wherein the prediction condition includes: the flatness of the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within a threshold value, the distance between the fitting point and the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within the threshold value, and the superposition number of azimuth angles is changed in a selected area, and the fracture prediction fit ellipse direction change is within the threshold value.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when predicting a fracture in a coal seam by using differences in the amplitude and time difference of a target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, the method comprises:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determining a template view includes:
determining a template view according to the construction development main direction of the research area;
the fitting crack prediction elliptical template comprises:
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the maximum amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through root mean square amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold value is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the travel time of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
the outcome analysis includes:
forming a corresponding crack achievement map based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and simultaneously generating three attributes of strength, credibility and azimuth;
performing result analysis according to the crack result diagram and the three attributes, and overlapping and displaying the crack result diagram and the coal seam ant attribute along the slice;
wherein, the crack achievement map comprises: the result diagram of the crack development condition is displayed, the result diagram of the crack condition is displayed in a short line, and the result diagram reflecting the strength and the degree of the crack development is displayed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when predicting a fracture of a coal seam by using a target horizon azimuth instantaneous attribute of the coal seam, the method includes:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determining a template view includes:
determining a template view according to the construction development main direction of the research area;
the fitting crack prediction elliptical template comprises:
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction ellipse template through the maximum amplitude of a position instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through root mean square amplitude of a direction instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold value is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, a crack prediction elliptic template is fitted through the travel time of a direction instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
the outcome analysis includes:
and obtaining an azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit graph or an azimuth instantaneous frequency result graph based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and carrying out result analysis according to the azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit graph or the azimuth instantaneous frequency fruit graph.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in determining the fracture development and qualitative interpretation of the horizon of coal seam roof and seam floor sandstones, it comprises:
making a synthetic seismic record by using a borehole logging curve, calibrating the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, carrying out fine position tracking, determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and further obtaining the crack development condition of the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor;
and comprehensively analyzing and qualitatively explaining possible water guide channels based on the crack development conditions of the layers of the sandstone of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor and the crack development conditions of the target layers of the coal seam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method provided by the invention fully utilizes azimuth information in the OVT channel set to predict the development condition of the roof fracture of the coal seam, and fully utilizes the technique of predicting the fracture by using the OVT domain seismic data to improve the prediction precision of the roof fracture of the coal seam and the reliability of the prediction result, thereby having important practical significance for guaranteeing the safe production of the coal mine, and expanding the application range of the wide azimuth seismic exploration technique through the improvement of the five-dimensional seismic interpretation technique capability;
(2) According to the method provided by the invention, the information of five-dimensional seismic data is fully mined in the five-dimensional interpretation subsystem, so that the crack prediction and the qualitative research work of the water guide channel of the coal seam roof are performed, and the crack prediction precision and the qualitative accuracy of the water guide channel of the coal seam roof are further improved.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2-is a schematic illustration of the spatial locations of 7253 working surfaces and 85-87 high density seismic work areas in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3-is a graph of the multi-attribute comprehensive analysis result of 7253 working surfaces in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4-is a schematic representation of a 7253 fault plane location interpreted from seismic data in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a split dielectric azimuthal attribute fit ellipse in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6-is a fracture prediction analysis study technique roadmap for an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7-is a diagram of a main interface display for loading a pre-stack gather into a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8-is a schematic diagram of the change in azimuth and offset as the view template changes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9-is a diagram of a display of trace profile data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10-is a diagram of an interface display in a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11-is a correspondence of a determined view template and a fitted ellipse in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12-is a schematic of a fracture calculation interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13-is a graph of the fracture distribution results of 7 coal seams calculated from maximum amplitude in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of fracture strength, confidence and azimuthal yield for a 7 seam coal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph of crack results superimposed on ant properties for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an azimuthal transient attribute calculation interface according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of fracture development effort for azimuthal instantaneous amplitude and frequency calculations for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the comprehensive analysis of the development results of the fracture at the coal seam and the roof 50m and 30m of the coal seam according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the comprehensive analysis of the development intensity of the crack at the coal seam and the roof 50m and 30m of the coal seam according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the comprehensive analysis of the development results of the coal seam floor 50m, 30m and the fissures at the coal seam in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the comprehensive analysis of the development intensity of the fracture at the coal seam and the coal seam bottom plates 50m and 30m according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on the five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem provided by the invention, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1: after loading the five-dimensional gather data through the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
step S2: predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, and predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the instantaneous attribute of the target horizon of the coal seam;
step S3: and determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, further obtaining the crack development condition of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and carrying out comprehensive analysis to qualitatively explain the possible water guide channels.
In the step S1, when performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, the method includes:
checking azimuth angles and offset distances of the five-dimensional gather data;
performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
and (5) displaying a template view and a fracture prediction fit ellipse on the five-dimensional gather data.
Further, when performing azimuth and offset checking on the five-dimensional gather data, the method comprises the following steps:
loading the five-dimensional gather data to a main interface display of a GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, and loading an interpreted coal seam target horizon and a fracture structure;
based on the range of azimuth and offset displayed by the template view of the main interface, it is checked whether the range of azimuth and offset is accurate.
Further, when performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, it includes:
displaying the gather section of the five-dimensional gather data through a GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
the horizon of interest of the coal seam and the amplitude profile contained therein as explained in the gather profile are examined.
Further, when the template view and the fracture prediction fit ellipse are displayed on the five-dimensional gather data, the method comprises the following steps:
displaying the amplitude information, the frequency spectrum and the crack prediction fit ellipse of a single point in a work area through a GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
adjusting the range of the offset distance in the template view, and checking whether the fracture prediction fit ellipse can meet the prediction condition;
wherein the prediction conditions include: the flatness of the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within a threshold value, the distance between the fitting point and the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within the threshold value, and the superposition number of azimuth angles is changed in a selected area, and the fracture prediction fit ellipse direction change is within the threshold value.
In the step S2, when predicting the fracture of the coal seam by using the differences in the target horizon amplitude and the time difference of the coal seam in different orientations, the method includes:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
Further, the feasibility analysis includes:
adjusting the range of the offset distance in the template view, and checking whether the fracture prediction fit ellipse can meet the prediction condition;
if yes, the prediction of the coal seam fracture is considered to be feasible;
if not, the prediction of the coal seam fracture is considered to be not feasible;
wherein the prediction conditions include: the flatness of the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within a threshold value, the distance between the fitting point and the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within the threshold value, and the superposition number of azimuth angles is changed in a selected area, so that the change of the fracture prediction fit ellipse direction is within the threshold value;
determining a template view, comprising:
the template view is determined according to the principal direction of structural development of the investigation region.
Further, fitting a fracture prediction ellipse template includes:
when the energy of the target layer of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of the data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the maximum amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through root mean square amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the travel time of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
a result analysis, comprising:
forming a corresponding crack achievement map based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and simultaneously generating three attributes of strength, credibility and azimuth;
carrying out result analysis according to the crack result diagram and the three attributes, and carrying out superposition display on the crack result diagram and the coal seam ant attribute along-layer slices;
wherein, crack achievement map includes: the result diagram of the crack development condition is displayed, the result diagram of the crack condition is displayed in a short line, and the result diagram reflecting the strength and the degree of the crack development is displayed.
In the step S2, when predicting the fracture of the coal seam by using the target horizon azimuth instantaneous attribute of the coal seam, the method includes:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
Further, the feasibility analysis includes:
adjusting the range of the offset distance in the template view, and checking whether the fracture prediction fit ellipse can meet the prediction condition;
if yes, the prediction of the coal seam fracture is considered to be feasible;
if not, the prediction of the coal seam fracture is considered to be not feasible;
wherein the prediction conditions include: the flatness of the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within a threshold value, the distance between the fitting point and the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within the threshold value, and the superposition number of azimuth angles is changed in a selected area, so that the change of the fracture prediction fit ellipse direction is within the threshold value;
determining a template view, comprising:
the template view is determined according to the principal direction of structural development of the investigation region.
Further, fitting a fracture prediction ellipse template includes:
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal-to-noise ratio of data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the maximum amplitude of a position instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal-to-noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the root mean square amplitude of a position instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, a crack prediction elliptic template is fitted through the travel time of a direction instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem.
A result analysis, comprising:
and obtaining an azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit forming map or an azimuth instantaneous frequency result map based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and carrying out result analysis according to the azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit forming map or the azimuth instantaneous frequency result map.
In the step S3, in determining the crack development condition and qualitative interpretation of the horizon of the sandstone layers of the roof and floor of the coal seam, the method includes:
making a synthetic seismic record by using a borehole logging curve, calibrating the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, carrying out fine position tracking, determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and further obtaining the crack development condition of the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor;
and (3) carrying out comprehensive analysis based on the crack development conditions of the layers of the sandstone of the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal bed and the crack development conditions of the target layer of the coal bed, and qualitatively explaining possible water guide channels.
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
First, the geological condition of the investigation region of the present embodiment will be briefly discussed as follows:
7253 working face position
7253 working face is positioned in the middle and south of 85 mining areas, main mining 7 2 And (3) a coal seam. Working face east to F10 faults, west O F9 faults, south to WF4-4 faults and north to major roadway security coal pillar lines. The trend of the working surface is 780m, the inclined length is 219.5m, the average coal thickness is 2.99m, and the storage capacity is 68.09 ten thousand tons. The working face is positioned at the northeast corner of a high-density three-dimensional earthquake 85-87 working area, the Inline direction of the working area is the northbound direction, and the specific position is shown in figure 2.
7253 working face geological conditions
1. Occurrence of coal seam
The coal seam of the working face is 7 2 Coal belongs to a lower stone box group of a two-fold system, is half-bright briquette, has weak glass luster, is in a form of powder and flake to pieces, and develops in a endophytic fissure. 7 2 The coal thickness is 1.42-4.21 m, the average coal thickness is 2.99m, the coal bed structure is simple, and 1 layer of gangue is locally contained.
2. Geological structure
The whole working face is of a monoclinic structure and is inclined to north, 7 2 The elevation of the coal bottom plate is-530 m to-750 m, the inclination angle of the coal (rock) layer is steeper, and the coal bottom plate is 11-20 degrees, and the average coal bottom plate is 15 degrees.
3. Drilling data collection condition
The holes around the 7253 face were collated and analyzed as detailed in table 1 below.
Table 4-1-1 7253 Table of statistical Table of drilling around face
Pair 7 2 Coal and 8 2 The interlayer spacing of the coal was analyzed: of the 17 wells, 6 wells did not see 8 coals, range of interlayer spacing: 3.7-23.52 m, average 15.9m, and preliminary analysis can be obtained: (1)the coal 8 does not develop in the local area around the surface, (the layer spacing between the 2)8 coal and the 7 coal is small, and a composite reflected wave is formed on the earthquake time section.
Seismic geologic data analysis
FIG. 3 is a graph of the result of multi-attribute comprehensive analysis of 7253 working surfaces, from which the planar spread of F9, F10, WF4-4 faults can be seen, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the planar position of 7253 faults interpreted from seismic data.
The principles and technical roadmap of fracture prediction in this embodiment are briefly discussed below:
principle and technical roadmap for fracture prediction
The OVT trace set after the OVT domain deviation retains azimuth information, and fracture characteristics can be analyzed by using azimuth anisotropy or anisotropy of AVO gradient. For a set of vertically parallel aligned fractures, the oval eccentricity may be used to indicate fracture density and the long axis to indicate fracture strike. And selecting different offset distances and different gather azimuth painting division numbers, extracting the maximum amplitude, root mean square amplitude, travel time and other attributes along a target layer time window, analyzing the anisotropic change of the gather profile, carrying out ellipse fitting, and selecting the most suitable parameter to predict cracks. The fracture prediction realizes the prediction from azimuth prediction to the utilization of spiral gather (five-dimensional) prediction, and the prediction direction and the precision are greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the eccentricity of the ellipse reflects the crack density, and the larger the eccentricity, the larger the crack density, the smaller the eccentricity, the smaller the crack density, and the fitted ellipse major axis direction is the crack trend.
The embodiment fully mines five-dimensional seismic data information in order to meet the requirements of interpretation and analysis of wide-azimuth seismic data. The GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem was used to develop a fracture prediction study, and the fracture prediction technique route of this example is shown in fig. 6.
Congress data quality control inspection
After the five-dimensional gather data is loaded, pre-stack gather analysis is firstly carried out, and whether the loaded gather is correct or not is analyzed through work area information inspection (line number range), azimuth angle and offset (incidence angle) range inspection.
1. Azimuth, offset (angle of incidence) range inspection
FIG. 7 is a main interface display of loading a pre-stack gather into a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, with the loading of target horizons and fracture formations of the coal seam to be interpreted, and the grey area of FIG. 7 showing roadway information, horizons and coal intersections. As the azimuth angle and the range of the offset distance in the template view change in fig. 7, the range of the offset distance and the range of the azimuth angle outlined by the frame in the lower right image also changes, and whether the range of the offset distance and the range of the azimuth angle are accurate or not is checked, as shown in fig. 8 in detail.
2. Gather data inspection (gather profile, destination layer horizon)
Shown in fig. 9 is a trace profile, the upper line in the trace profile being the interpreted 7 coal horizon, and the lower line in the trace profile being the amplitude variation curve.
3. Template view and fracture prediction fit ellipse display
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an interface display in a five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, with the information of amplitude, frequency spectrum, and fitted ellipse for a single point within the work area shown in FIG. 10. Adjusting the range of offset in the template view such that the fit ellipse of the fracture prediction satisfies the following conditions:
1. the ellipse is relatively flat;
2. fitting points are near the elliptical boundaries;
3. the superimposed number of azimuth angles is changed in the area with better data quality, and the change of the elliptical direction is smaller.
Prediction of coal seam fracture
The fracture prediction is to analyze the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal bed in different directions to predict. The fracture prediction flow mainly comprises feasibility analysis, template view determination (full azimuth information is used in fracture prediction, only offset range is adjusted), fracture calculation, result analysis and the like.
1. Feasibility analysis
Adjusting the range of offset in the template view such that the fit ellipse of the fracture prediction satisfies the following conditions:
1. the ellipse is relatively flat;
2. fitting points are near the elliptical boundaries;
3. the superimposed number of azimuth angles is changed in the area with better data quality, and the change of the elliptical direction is smaller.
2. Determining a template view
In combination with geological awareness during the research of the embodiment, the actual geological features are analyzed, and the template view is determined according to the main direction of structural development of the research area as the NE-NNE direction, as shown in fig. 11.
3. Fracture calculation
The corresponding calculation work is completed by using the fracture calculation module, and fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a fracture calculation interface, wherein the fracture calculation interface comprises three calculation modes of maximum amplitude, root mean square amplitude and travel time.
The maximum amplitude is the amplitude of the target layer on the read gather, the crack prediction elliptic template is fitted, and the method is selected when the energy of the target layer is strong and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is high. In the embodiment 7, the amplitude energy of the reflected wave of the coal bed is strong, and the signal to noise ratio is high, so the method is selected.
The root mean square amplitude is the root mean square amplitude of the target layer in the layer thickness range on the read gather, a crack prediction elliptical template is fitted, and the method is selected when the energy of the target layer is weak and the signal to noise ratio of data is low.
The travel time algorithm is to fit an ellipse according to the time difference between the target layer and the standard layer, and select the method when a stronger reflecting layer exists above the target layer.
4. Analysis of results
Fig. 13 is a graph of the distribution results of the 7-seam fracture calculated from the maximum amplitude, the left graph shows the development of the fracture in the form of a small rose, the middle graph shows the fracture in the form of a short line, and the right graph shows the rose. As can be seen from fig. 13, the fracture development intensity has a certain correlation with fracture, and the fracture development degree is higher near the interpreted fault.
And forming a fracture plane result diagram, and simultaneously generating three attributes of strength, credibility and azimuth angle for assisting in analyzing the development condition of the fracture. Wherein, intensity den represents the eccentricity of the fitted ellipse, i.e. the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the fitted ellipse; con represents the dispersion of the fitted ellipse; the azimuth ori represents the major axis of the fitted ellipse and is generally used to qualitatively represent the direction of the fracture, as shown in fig. 14.
Meanwhile, the 7-seam ant attribute bedding slice and the predicted fracture result are displayed in a superimposed manner, as shown in fig. 15.
Prediction of instantaneous attribute of coal seam azimuth
The azimuth instantaneous attribute prediction is to predict the fracture in the frequency domain, and comprises two calculation modes of azimuth instantaneous amplitude and azimuth instantaneous frequency. The process of fracture prediction by applying the azimuth transient attribute mainly comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out feasibility analysis, determining a template view (full azimuth information is used in fracture prediction, only an offset range is adjusted), and carrying out fracture calculation and result analysis.
The corresponding calculation work is completed by using the azimuth instantaneous attribute calculation module, and fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an azimuth instantaneous attribute calculation interface, wherein the calculation interface comprises three calculation modes of maximum amplitude, root mean square amplitude and travel time. FIG. 17 is a graph of fracture development results calculated from azimuth instantaneous amplitude and frequency.
Fracture or water guide channel analysis
The fracture prediction work is mainly carried out along the target horizon of the coal seam, the development condition of the coal seam fracture is analyzed, the fracture development condition of the horizons of the sandstone layers of the roof and the floor of the coal seam is analyzed, and then the comprehensive analysis of the development results of a plurality of horizons fracture is carried out, so that the possible water guide channels are qualitatively explained.
In this example, the layer of seam roof sandstone is located 30m, 50m from the seam roof, and the layer of seam floor sandstone is located 30m, 50m from the seam floor.
Crack development condition of coal seam roof within 30m and 50m range
The target layers of the coal seam are shifted upwards to obtain layers 50m and 30m away from the top plate of the coal seam respectively, then calculation is carried out according to the target layers to obtain crack development conditions of each target layer, the obtained result diagram is shown in fig. 18, as can be seen from fig. 18, besides that crack development is concentrated near a fracture structure, two crack development areas YC1 and YC2 are defined in a 7253 working surface, and abnormal areas are displayed on 3 layer sections, so that a water guide channel can be formed, as shown by a circular frame and a rectangular frame in fig. 18. FIG. 19 is a graph showing comprehensive analysis of the development intensity of the cracks at the coal seam and the roof 50m and 30m of the coal seam.
Crack development condition within 30m and 50m range of coal seam bottom plate
The target layers of the coal bed are shifted downwards to obtain layers 50m and 30m away from the coal bed bottom plate respectively, then calculation is carried out according to the target layers to obtain crack development conditions of each target layer, the obtained result chart is shown in fig. 20, as can be seen from fig. 20, besides that crack development is concentrated near a fracture structure, two crack development areas YC3 and YC4 are defined in a 7253 working surface, and abnormal areas are displayed on each layer, so that a water guide channel can be formed, as shown by a circular frame and a rectangular frame in fig. 20. FIG. 21 is a graph showing comprehensive analysis of the development intensity of the cracks at the coal seam floor 50m and 30m and the coal seam.
Through the above study, the present embodiment achieves the following results:
the embodiment adopts a GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem to develop the works of fracture prediction, qualitative description of the water guide channel of the coal seam roof and the like. From fig. 13, it can be seen that the fracture development intensity of the 7 coal seam has a certain correlation with fracture, and the fracture development degree is higher near the interpreted fault.
Two crack development areas YC1 and YC2 are defined in the 7253 working surface, and the two abnormal areas are displayed abnormally on the coal seam roof 30m, the coal seam roof 50m and the target layer of the coal seam, so that a water guide channel can be possibly formed.
Two crack development areas YC3 and YC4 are defined in the 7253 working surface, and the two abnormal areas are displayed abnormally at the coal seam bottom plate 30m, the coal seam bottom plate 50m and the target layer position of the coal seam, so that a water guide channel can be possibly formed.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The fracture prediction and coal seam roof water guide channel qualitative method based on the five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
after loading the five-dimensional gather data through a GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, and predicting the coal seam fracture by utilizing the instantaneous attribute of the target horizon of the coal seam;
and determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, further obtaining the crack development condition of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and carrying out comprehensive analysis to qualitatively explain the possible water guide channels.
2. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof water drainage channel characterization method of claim 1, wherein when performing quality control inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, comprising:
performing azimuth angle and offset checking on the five-dimensional gather data;
performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data;
and displaying a template view and a fracture prediction fit ellipse on the five-dimensional gather data.
3. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof drainage channel characterization method of claim 2, wherein when performing azimuth, offset inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, comprising:
loading the five-dimensional gather data to a main interface display of the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem, and loading an interpreted coal seam target horizon and a fracture structure;
and checking whether the range of the azimuth angle and the offset distance is accurate or not based on the range of the azimuth angle and the offset distance displayed by the template view of the main interface.
4. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof water conduction path characterization method of claim 2, wherein when performing gather data inspection on the five-dimensional gather data, comprising:
displaying the trace profile of the five-dimensional trace data through the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
and checking the objective horizon of the coal seam and the included amplitude variation curve explained in the gather section.
5. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof drainage channel characterization method of claim 2, wherein when displaying the five-dimensional gather data as a template view and fracture prediction fit ellipse, comprising:
displaying amplitude information, frequency spectrum and fracture prediction fit ellipse of a single point in a work area through the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
adjusting the range of offset in the template view, and checking whether the fracture prediction fit ellipse can meet the prediction condition;
wherein the prediction condition includes: the flatness of the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within a threshold value, the distance between the fitting point and the fracture prediction fit ellipse is within the threshold value, and the superposition number of azimuth angles is changed in a selected area, and the fracture prediction fit ellipse direction change is within the threshold value.
6. The method for predicting the fissure and the qualitative method for the water guide channel of the roof of the coal seam based on the five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem according to claim 1, wherein when the method for predicting the fissure of the coal seam uses the differences of the amplitude and the time difference of the target horizon of the coal seam in different orientations, the method comprises the following steps:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
7. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof water conduction path characterization method of claim 6, wherein the determining a template view comprises:
determining a template view according to the construction development main direction of the research area;
the fitting crack prediction elliptical template comprises:
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the maximum amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through root mean square amplitude of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold value is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through the travel time of a crack calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional earthquake interpretation subsystem;
the outcome analysis includes:
forming a corresponding crack achievement map based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and simultaneously generating three attributes of strength, credibility and azimuth;
performing result analysis according to the crack result diagram and the three attributes, and overlapping and displaying the crack result diagram and the coal seam ant attribute along the slice;
wherein, the crack achievement map comprises: the result diagram of the crack development condition is displayed, the result diagram of the crack condition is displayed in a short line, and the result diagram reflecting the strength and the degree of the crack development is displayed.
8. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem-based fracture prediction and seam roof drainage channel characterization method of claim 1, wherein when utilizing the instantaneous attribute of the horizon azimuth of interest of the seam to conduct the seam fracture prediction, comprising:
feasibility analysis, template view determination, fracture prediction ellipse template fitting and achievement analysis.
9. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof water conduction path characterization method of claim 8, wherein the determining a template view comprises:
determining a template view according to the construction development main direction of the research area;
the fitting crack prediction elliptical template comprises:
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are both greater than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction ellipse template through the maximum amplitude of a position instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when the target layer energy of the coal seam and the signal to noise ratio of data are smaller than a threshold value, fitting a crack prediction elliptic template through root mean square amplitude of a direction instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
when a reflecting layer with intensity larger than a threshold value is arranged above the target horizon of the coal seam, a crack prediction elliptic template is fitted through the travel time of a direction instantaneous attribute calculation module in the GeoEast five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem;
the outcome analysis includes:
and obtaining an azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit graph or an azimuth instantaneous frequency result graph based on the fitted crack prediction elliptic template, and carrying out result analysis according to the azimuth instantaneous amplitude crack fruit graph or the azimuth instantaneous frequency fruit graph.
10. The five-dimensional seismic interpretation subsystem based fracture prediction and seam roof water conduction path qualitative method of claim 1, wherein in determining the fracture development and qualitative interpretation of the horizons of seam roof and seam floor sandstones, comprising:
making a synthetic seismic record by using a borehole logging curve, calibrating the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, carrying out fine position tracking, determining the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor, and further obtaining the crack development condition of the positions of the sandstone layers of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor;
and comprehensively analyzing and qualitatively explaining possible water guide channels based on the crack development conditions of the layers of the sandstone of the coal seam roof and the coal seam floor and the crack development conditions of the target layers of the coal seam.
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