CN117368728A - Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle - Google Patents

Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117368728A
CN117368728A CN202210768379.5A CN202210768379A CN117368728A CN 117368728 A CN117368728 A CN 117368728A CN 202210768379 A CN202210768379 A CN 202210768379A CN 117368728 A CN117368728 A CN 117368728A
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lithium battery
value
capacity
battery
voltage
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CN202210768379.5A
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张敦浩
潘旭坤
余军
吴骏
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Panasonic Appliances China Co Ltd
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Panasonic Appliances China Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a lithium battery SOC estimation method and equipment based on a short plate principle, comprising the steps of obtaining standing time of a lithium battery in a standing state; if the standing time is not lower than the preset threshold value, obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function; calculating to obtain the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value; the known lithium battery capacity is updated based on the capacity float value. The total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, so that the influence caused by the voltage difference between the battery cores is eliminated, and the estimation accuracy of the SOC of the lithium battery is improved as much as possible; in the discharging process, determining the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery pack by using the battery cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; in the charging process, the full charge cut-off voltage of the battery pack is determined by the battery cell with the highest voltage, so that the SOC precision of the lithium battery is improved, and the charging and discharging safety of the lithium battery is improved.

Description

Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of lithium battery detection, in particular to a lithium battery SOC estimation method and equipment based on a short plate principle.
Background
The SOC of a lithium battery, i.e. the remaining capacity of the lithium battery, also called state of charge, is an important parameter describing the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the lithium battery during use. The accurate estimation of the SOC of the lithium battery can better remind a user to reasonably discharge or charge the battery, so that the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
At present, an open circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method are mainly adopted for estimating the SOC of the lithium battery.
Open circuit voltage method: according to the proportional relation between the open-circuit voltage OCV and the SOC of the lithium battery, the SOC of the lithium battery is estimated by means of measuring the open-circuit voltage OCV in real time, but the lithium battery is required to be in a static state, the emergency machine is in a standby state, and online measurement cannot be carried out.
Ampere-hour integration method: the charge and discharge current value of the lithium battery is continuously detected and integrated, so that the consumed or absorbed electric quantity of the lithium battery is deduced, and real-time measurement is realized; however, it is required to accurately calibrate the initial value of SOC of the lithium battery and accurately measure parameters such as charge and discharge current, and accumulated errors may be increased over time.
Because of the complexity of the lithium battery system, the SOC of the battery is influenced by various factors, has strong nonlinearity, is difficult to estimate the SOC of the lithium battery by simply relying on an open-circuit voltage method or an ampere-hour integration method, and the total capacity of the lithium battery changes along with the durability of the battery, generally, after 500-1000 battery charge-discharge cycles, the battery capacity is less than 60% of the initial total capacity, the influence on SOC estimation is great, and the estimation precision of the SOC is lower when the battery is later.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium battery SOC estimation method and equipment based on a short-plate principle, which are based on the voltage difference of battery cells in a lithium battery pack during charging and discharging, so that the total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, the influence caused by the voltage difference between the battery cells is eliminated, and the estimation precision of the lithium battery SOC is improved as much as possible.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a method for estimating SOC of a lithium battery based on a short-plate principle, the method including:
obtaining standing time of the lithium battery in a standing state;
if the standing time is not lower than the preset threshold value, obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function;
calculating to obtain the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value;
the known lithium battery capacity is updated based on the capacity float value.
Optionally, if the rest time is not lower than the preset threshold, obtaining the respective capacity value of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function, including:
constructing a fitting function representing the corresponding relation between voltage and capacity based on historical data of the lithium battery;
reading the voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
and combining known fitting functions to determine the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value.
Optionally, the calculating according to the threshold value of the capacity value to obtain the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery includes:
extracting a maximum capacity value and a minimum capacity value from the known capacity values of the battery cells;
and performing difference operation on the maximum capacity value and the minimum capacity value, and taking the obtained difference value as the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery.
Optionally, the updating the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity floating value includes:
and taking the difference value obtained by subtracting the capacity floating value on the basis of the known lithium battery capacity as the updated lithium battery capacity.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
if the standing time is lower than a preset threshold, performing discharge treatment on the lithium battery, and recording an initial residual electric quantity value and a total electric quantity value of the lithium battery at the moment;
detecting discharge data of each battery core in the lithium battery in real time, and performing ampere-hour integral calculation based on the obtained discharge data;
and updating the SOC of the lithium battery according to the calculated result and the initial residual capacity value and the total capacity value.
Optionally, the detecting, in real time, the discharge data of each electric core in the lithium battery, and performing ampere-hour integral calculation based on the obtained discharge data includes:
detecting real-time charge and discharge data of each battery cell;
and obtaining the electric quantity consumed by each battery cell by an ampere-hour integration method.
Optionally, the updating the SOC of the lithium battery according to the calculation result in combination with the initial remaining capacity value includes:
calculating an electric quantity floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained electric quantity of each electric core;
and obtaining a difference value between the initial residual electric quantity value and the electric quantity floating value, and updating the SOC of the lithium battery by taking a quotient value of the difference value and the total capacity of the lithium battery as a reference.
Optionally, the calculating the power floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained power of each battery cell includes:
screening out the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity as a limit value;
and performing difference operation on the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity, and taking the obtained difference value as an electric quantity floating value of the current lithium battery.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application also provides lithium battery SOC estimation equipment based on the short-circuit principle, and the equipment comprises:
the standing unit is used for obtaining the standing time of the lithium battery in a standing state;
the capacity extraction unit is used for obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cores in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function if the standing time is not lower than a preset threshold value;
the capacity calculation unit is used for calculating the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value;
and a capacity updating unit for updating the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity floating value.
Optionally, the capacity extraction unit includes:
the function construction subunit is used for constructing a fitting function representing the corresponding relation between the voltage and the capacity based on the historical data of the lithium battery;
the voltage acquisition subunit is used for reading the voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
and the capacity determining subunit is used for determining the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value by combining a known fitting function.
The beneficial effects are that:
the total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, the influence caused by the voltage difference among the battery cores is eliminated, and the estimation accuracy of the SOC of the lithium battery is improved as much as possible; in the discharging process, determining the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery pack by using the battery cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; in the charging process, the full charge cut-off voltage of the battery pack is determined by the battery cell with the highest voltage, so that the SOC precision of the lithium battery is improved, and the charging and discharging safety of the lithium battery is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery SOC estimation method based on the short-circuit principle according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a control logic diagram of a lithium battery SOC algorithm according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph of OCV-SOC curves (F (X)) of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery SOC estimation device based on the short-circuit principle according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the structure and advantages of the present application, a further description of the structure will be provided with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium battery SOC estimation method based on a short-plate principle, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining standing time of a lithium battery in a standing state;
s2, if the standing time is not lower than a preset threshold value, obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function;
s3, calculating to obtain the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value;
and S4, updating the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity floating value.
In implementation, in order to realize accurate estimation of the capacity of the lithium battery, the embodiment of the application provides a lithium battery SOC estimation method based on a short-plate principle, based on the difference of cell voltages during charging and discharging of cells in a lithium battery pack, the total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, and the estimation accuracy of the lithium battery SOC is improved as much as possible by combining an open-circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method.
There are two branches for the numerical relationship of the rest time of the lithium battery to the preset threshold, and discussion is made here for the case where the rest time is greater than or less than the preset threshold.
When executing the step S2, the specific implementation mode for judging is as follows:
s21, constructing a fitting function representing the corresponding relation between voltage and capacity based on historical data of the lithium battery;
s22, reading the voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
s23, combining known fitting functions to determine the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value.
Another implementation mode after the judgment is that:
s24, if the standing time is lower than a preset threshold value, discharging the lithium battery, and recording an initial residual electric quantity value and a total capacity value of the lithium battery at the moment;
s25, detecting discharge data of each battery core in the lithium battery in real time, and performing ampere-hour integral calculation based on the obtained discharge data;
and S26, updating the SOC of the lithium battery according to the calculated result and combining the initial residual capacity value and the total capacity value.
The step of performing ampere integral calculation in step S25 includes:
s251, detecting real-time charge and discharge data of each battery cell;
s252, the electric quantity consumed by each battery cell is obtained through an ampere-hour integration method.
The step S26 specifically includes:
s261, calculating an electric quantity floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained electric quantity of each electric core;
s262, obtaining a difference value between the initial residual electric quantity value and the electric quantity floating value, and updating the SOC of the lithium battery by taking a quotient value of the difference value and the total capacity of the lithium battery as a reference.
The method for calculating the electric quantity floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained electric quantity of each battery cell comprises the following steps:
screening out the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity as a limit value;
and performing difference operation on the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity, and taking the obtained difference value as an electric quantity floating value of the current lithium battery.
After the determination operation shown in step S2 is performed, an operation of calculating a capacity floating value of the current lithium battery from the threshold value of the capacity value needs to be performed, that is, step S3 includes:
s31, extracting a maximum capacity value and a minimum capacity value from the known capacity values of the battery cells;
s32, performing difference operation on the maximum capacity value and the minimum capacity value, and taking the obtained difference value as the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery.
After obtaining the capacity float value, it is necessary to further perform an operation of updating the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity float value, that is, step S4, including:
and taking the difference value obtained by subtracting the capacity floating value on the basis of the known lithium battery capacity as the updated lithium battery capacity.
Based on the description of the step-by-step technical scheme provided in the foregoing, the following provides the continuous processing steps, and details are shown in fig. 2:
1) The machine is in a standby (or shutdown) state, i.e., the lithium battery is in a rest state.
2) If the time that the lithium battery is in the standing state is smaller than the set time T, a user starts the machine.
3) The MCU module obtains the current residual capacity Q1 of the lithium battery, the initial total capacity Q and the value of the residual electric quantity SOC.
4) As the user uses the machine, the lithium battery is continuously consumed in its electric power, and the system detects real-time charge and discharge data of each battery cell, including current and voltage.
5) And obtaining the electric quantity consumed by each battery cell by an ampere-hour integration method, and taking the maximum electric quantity Q (max) and the minimum electric quantity Q (min).
6) Δq=q (max) -Q (min) is calculated.
7) The latest residual electric quantity SOC= (Q1-DeltaQ)/Q of the lithium battery is displayed, and a user can observe the change of the SOC in real time.
8) If in 2), the condition is satisfied: if the time for which the lithium battery is in a stationary state is equal to or longer than the set time T, the electric quantity needs to be corrected as in the following 9) to 12).
9) The MCU module reads the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin in the lithium battery.
10 A maximum capacity F (Vmax) and a minimum capacity F (Vmin) are calculated from the fitting function F (X).
11 Δq=f (Vmax) -F (Vmin) is calculated.
12 Updating the total capacity q=q- Δq and the remaining capacity q1=f (Vmin) of the lithium battery.
13 The charge realization logic is similar to the discharge realization logic, the SOC value of the lithium battery is reduced during discharge, and the SOC value of the lithium battery is increased during charge.
14 During discharging, determining the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery pack by the cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; the full charge cut-off voltage of the battery pack is determined by the cell with the highest voltage during the charging process.
In the above execution process, the OCV-SOC curve (i.e., F (X) function) of the lithium battery is drawn, and fig. 3 is a plot of the battery charge current 1A, the battery open-circuit voltage versus the battery capacity of the discharging current 2A. For example: the robot used a battery with a nominal capacity of 2000mAh, an actual charge current of 1A, and a discharge current of 2A.
Based on the estimation method provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery cell voltage difference during charging and discharging of the battery cells in the lithium battery pack can be considered, the total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, the influence caused by the voltage difference between the battery cells is eliminated, and the estimation precision of the SOC of the lithium battery is improved as much as possible; meanwhile, in the discharging process, determining the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery pack by using the battery cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; in the charging process, the full charge cut-off voltage of the battery pack is determined by the battery cell with the highest voltage, so that the SOC precision of the lithium battery is improved, and the charging and discharging safety of the lithium battery is improved.
Example two
The embodiment of the application also provides a lithium battery SOC estimation device 4 based on the short-plate principle, as shown in fig. 4, the device comprises:
a rest unit 41 for obtaining a rest time of the lithium battery in a rest state;
the capacity extraction unit 42 is configured to obtain respective capacity values of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery in combination with a known fitting function if the rest time is not lower than a preset threshold;
a capacity calculation unit 43 for calculating a capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the threshold value of the capacity value;
the capacity updating unit 44 is configured to update the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity floating value.
In implementation, in order to realize accurate estimation of the capacity of the lithium battery, the embodiment of the application provides a lithium battery SOC estimation method based on a short-plate principle, based on the difference of cell voltages during charging and discharging of cells in a lithium battery pack, the total available capacity of the battery pack is continuously updated, and the estimation accuracy of the lithium battery SOC is improved as much as possible by combining an open-circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method.
Wherein the capacity extraction unit 43 comprises:
a function construction subunit 431, configured to construct a fitting function that represents a correspondence between voltage and capacity based on historical data of the lithium battery;
the voltage obtaining subunit 432 is configured to read a voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
and the capacity determination subunit 433 is configured to determine the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value in combination with a known fitting function.
The specific execution logic of the lithium battery SOC estimation device 4 based on the short-circuit principle according to the embodiment of the present application is substantially the same as that in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.
The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The lithium battery SOC estimation method based on the short plate principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining standing time of the lithium battery in a standing state;
if the standing time is not lower than the preset threshold value, obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function;
calculating to obtain the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value;
the known lithium battery capacity is updated based on the capacity float value.
2. The method for estimating SOC of a lithium battery based on the short-circuit principle according to claim 1, wherein if the rest time is not lower than a preset threshold, obtaining the respective capacity value of the battery cells in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery in combination with a known fitting function includes:
constructing a fitting function representing the corresponding relation between voltage and capacity based on historical data of the lithium battery;
reading the voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
and combining known fitting functions to determine the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value.
3. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the threshold value of the capacity value includes:
extracting a maximum capacity value and a minimum capacity value from the known capacity values of the battery cells;
and performing difference operation on the maximum capacity value and the minimum capacity value, and taking the obtained difference value as the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery.
4. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation method of claim 1, wherein the updating of the known lithium battery capacity based on the capacity float value includes:
and taking the difference value obtained by subtracting the capacity floating value on the basis of the known lithium battery capacity as the updated lithium battery capacity.
5. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
if the standing time is lower than a preset threshold, performing discharge treatment on the lithium battery, and recording an initial residual electric quantity value and a total electric quantity value of the lithium battery at the moment;
detecting discharge data of each battery core in the lithium battery in real time, and performing ampere-hour integral calculation based on the obtained discharge data;
and updating the SOC of the lithium battery according to the calculated result and the initial residual capacity value and the total capacity value.
6. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation method of claim 5, wherein the detecting discharge data of each cell in the lithium battery in real time, performing ampere-hour integral calculation based on the obtained discharge data, includes:
detecting real-time charge and discharge data of each battery cell;
and obtaining the electric quantity consumed by each battery cell by an ampere-hour integration method.
7. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation method of claim 6, wherein the updating the SOC of the lithium battery in combination with the initial remaining capacity value according to the calculation result includes:
calculating an electric quantity floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained electric quantity of each electric core;
and obtaining a difference value between the initial residual electric quantity value and the electric quantity floating value, and updating the SOC of the lithium battery by taking a quotient value of the difference value and the total capacity of the lithium battery as a reference.
8. The method for estimating SOC of a lithium battery based on the short-circuit principle of claim 7, wherein the calculating the power floating value of the lithium battery based on the obtained power of each cell includes:
screening out the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity as a limit value;
and performing difference operation on the maximum electric quantity and the minimum electric quantity, and taking the obtained difference value as an electric quantity floating value of the current lithium battery.
9. Lithium battery SOC estimation device based on the short-plate principle, characterized in that it comprises:
the standing unit is used for obtaining the standing time of the lithium battery in a standing state;
the capacity extraction unit is used for obtaining respective capacity values of the battery cores in the lithium battery based on the voltage value of the current lithium battery and a known fitting function if the standing time is not lower than a preset threshold value;
the capacity calculation unit is used for calculating the capacity floating value of the current lithium battery according to the limit value of the capacity value;
and a capacity updating unit for updating the known capacity of the lithium battery based on the capacity floating value.
10. The short-plate principle-based lithium battery SOC estimation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the capacity extraction unit includes:
the function construction subunit is used for constructing a fitting function representing the corresponding relation between the voltage and the capacity based on the historical data of the lithium battery;
the voltage acquisition subunit is used for reading the voltage value of each cell in the current lithium battery;
and the capacity determining subunit is used for determining the capacity value of each cell corresponding to each voltage value by combining a known fitting function.
CN202210768379.5A 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle Withdrawn CN117368728A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210768379.5A CN117368728A (en) 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210768379.5A CN117368728A (en) 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device based on short plate principle

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CN117368728A true CN117368728A (en) 2024-01-09

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Application publication date: 20240109