CN117367588A - Minimum ignition energy measuring method based on corrected combustible mixed gas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a minimum ignition energy measuring method based on corrected combustible mixed gas, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a discharge electrode image in the ignition process, determining a target area after threshold segmentation of the discharge electrode image, counting the number of target image frames before ignition, and calculating a target size and a target radiation area; obtaining target red-green double-color image gray R, G, calculating target temperature according to a double-color radiation temperature measurement method, and obtaining target radiation power according to a target radiation area and the target temperature; obtaining target radiant energy before ignition according to the target radiant power and the target image frame number; obtaining the ignition energy according to the relation among the corrected ignition energy, the net input energy of the circuit and the target radiation energy; changing the external environment condition, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, comparing the energy of each ignition, and taking the minimum value as the minimum ignition energy. The invention can correct the existing minimum ignition energy measuring method, improve the measuring accuracy of the minimum ignition energy and further improve the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion, in particular to a minimum ignition energy measuring method based on corrected combustible mixed gas.
Background
For the field of combustion science, the measurement of the ignition threshold is crucial in analyzing the safety of combustible gas mixtures, the minimum energy of dust cloud (combustible gas mixture) combustion or explosion can be made to be the minimum ignition energy under different ignition conditions, the measurement of the minimum ignition energy is basically carried out by discharging combustible materials in air at the present stage, when the ignition energy is calculated, the energy storage value or the circuit energy input value of an energy storage element is usually used as a reference, the net input energy is used for replacing the ignition energy, however, in the actual action process, a part of energy lost through heat dissipation exists, and the net input energy is used for replacing the minimum ignition energy because of the change of the loss energy of ignition under different forms and states, so that the accurate measurement of the minimum ignition energy is not safe at present.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for measuring the minimum ignition energy of combustible mixed gas based on correction, and solves the problems of the existing measuring mode.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a method of measuring minimum ignition energy of a combustible gas mixture based on correction, the method comprising:
shooting a discharge electrode image in the ignition process by a high-speed camera, determining a target area after threshold segmentation of the discharge electrode image, counting the number of frames of the target image before ignition, calculating a target size, and obtaining a target radiation area S according to the target size;
obtaining target red-green double-color image gray R, G, calculating target temperature T according to a double-color radiation temperature measurement method, and obtaining target radiation power P according to a target radiation area S and the target temperature T;
obtaining target radiation energy Q before ignition according to the target radiation power P and the target image frame number;
obtaining the ignition energy according to the relation among the corrected ignition energy, the net input energy of the circuit and the target radiation energy;
changing the external environment condition, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, comparing the energy of each ignition, and taking the minimum value as the minimum ignition energy.
The method for calculating the target temperature T according to the bicolor radiation temperature measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
by the formulaCalculating a target temperature T, wherein C 2 Is Planck constant, lambda r 、λ g The wavelength corresponding to the peak value of R, G bicolor spectral response curve is R, G, which is the gray scale of capturing the target red-green bicolor image, k r ，k g ，b r ，b g The coefficients obtained for the calibration curve.
Wherein r=k r M(λ r ,T)+b r ；G＝k g M(λ g ,T)+b g ，M(λ r ,T),M(λ g T) is the red-green dual-color radiation emittance.
The obtaining the target radiation power P according to the target radiation area S and the target temperature T specifically includes the following:
establishing a relation of radiation power, temperature and radiation area according to the Stefin-Boltzmann law, converting the radiation power into a measurement of the target temperature and the radiation area, and then according to the formula P=sigma T 4 S calculates the target radiation power, where σ=5.67×10 -8 W/(m 2 K 4 ) T is the target temperature, S is the target radiationArea of emission.
The target radiant energy Q before ignition obtained according to the target radiant power P and the target image frame number specifically comprises the following contents:
establishing a relation among radiant energy, radiant power and image frame number, converting the measurement of radiant energy into the measurement of radiant power and image frame number, and further according to a formulaCalculating to obtain target radiant energy before ignition, wherein N is the number of frames of the captured target image and P i The radiation power corresponding to a single target picture, and deltat is the duration corresponding to the single target picture, namely the reciprocal of the frame rate.
The obtaining the ignition energy according to the relation among the corrected ignition energy, the net input energy of the circuit and the target radiation energy specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a relationship of corrected ignition energy, net input energy to the circuit and radiant energy according to the formula e=e net Q calculating the ignition energy E, E of this target net For the net input energy to the circuit, Q is the target radiant energy before ignition.
The measuring method further comprises an electrostatic discharge preparation step or a microwave discharge preparation step before the discharge process is captured by the camera.
The electrostatic discharge preparation step includes:
setting up an electrostatic discharge circuit, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, and setting a capacitor energy storage value as net input energy;
adjusting the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge so as to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
an image of the discharge electrode under this condition was taken as a comparative reference for the subsequent calculation of the arc size.
The microwave discharge preparation step includes:
setting up a microwave discharge circuit, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, setting a microwave discharge frequency f, and selecting preset injection power to trigger a discharge phenomenon;
adjusting the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge so as to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
the discharge electrode image under this condition was taken as a comparative reference for the subsequent calculation of the spark size.
The invention has the following advantages: the method is suitable for various ignition modes such as microwave discharge, electrostatic discharge and the like, can correct the existing method for measuring the minimum ignition energy, improves the measurement accuracy of the minimum ignition energy, and further improves the safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electrostatic discharge electrode photographed in embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an arc photographed in embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arc threshold segmentation captured in embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a microwave discharge electrode photographed in embodiment 2;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric spark photographed in embodiment 2;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the spark threshold segmentation photographed in embodiment 2;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a least squares fitting spark circle in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application. The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for measuring minimum ignition energy for igniting a combustible gas mixture by electrostatic discharge, which specifically includes the following steps:
step one: setting up an electrostatic discharge link, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, and setting a capacitance energy storage value as net input energy;
step two: the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge are adjusted to enable the high-speed camera to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
step three: taking a discharge electrode picture under the condition as a comparison reference for calculating the arc size subsequently;
step four: performing electrostatic discharge ignition operation, and simultaneously starting a high-speed camera to capture a discharge process;
step five: performing threshold segmentation on the discharge picture, extracting and calculating gray scale, counting the number of discharge image frames before ignition, and further calculating radiation heat dissipation energy and ignition energy;
step six: and repeating the steps under the conditions of different pressures, temperatures and equivalent ratios, respectively measuring the ignition energy, and finally comparing to obtain the ignition energy of the static discharge ignition.
Further, the picture taken in the third step is shown in fig. 2, and the proportional relation between the pixel length and the actual length can be calculated according to the size of the tip of the discharge electrode, so as to guide the calculation of the arc size and the radiation area.
Further, after the arc image captured in the step four is subjected to median filtering and maximum inter-class variance threshold segmentation, arc red-green gray values are further obtained, and the segmentation results are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and as the arc can be approximately cylindrical, the radius and the height of the cylinder can be found according to the threshold segmentation data and the ratio of the pixels to the actual length, and at the moment, the radiation area calculation formula is as follows: s=pi rh, and finally, calculating the arc temperature according to a bicolor temperature measurement method, so as to obtain the evaluation of radiation heat dissipation energy, and finally, realizing the evaluation of ignition energy.
Further, by the formulaCalculating an arc temperature T, wherein C 2 Is Planck constant, lambda r 、λ g The wavelength corresponding to the peak value of R, G bicolor spectral response curve is R, G, which is the gray scale of the captured arc red-green bicolor image, k r ，k g ，b r ，b g The coefficients obtained for the calibration curve.
Wherein r=k r M(λ r ,T)+b r ；G＝k g M(λ g ,T)+b g ，M(λ r ,T),M(λ g T) is the red-green dual-color radiation emittance.
Establishing a relation of radiation power, temperature and radiation area according to the Stefin-Boltzmann law, converting the radiation power into a measurement of arc temperature and radiation area, and then obtaining the radiation power according to the formula P=sigma T 4 S is calculated to obtain the arc radiation power, wherein σ=5.67×10 -8 W/(m 2 K 4 ) T is the arc temperature and S is the arc radiating area.
Establishing a relation among radiant energy, radiant power and image frame number, converting the measurement of radiant energy into the measurement of radiant power and image frame number, and further according to a formulaCalculating to obtain arc radiation energy before ignition, wherein N is the number of frames of the captured arc image and P i For the radiation power corresponding to a single arc picture, Δt is the duration corresponding to the single arc picture, i.e. the inverse of the frame rate.
Establishing a relationship of corrected ignition energy, net input energy to the circuit and radiant energy according to the formula e=e net Q calculates the ignition energy E, E of this arc net For net input energy to the circuit, Q is the radiant energy of the arc prior to ignition。
As shown in fig. 5, another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for measuring an energy threshold for igniting a combustible gas mixture by microwave discharge, which specifically includes the following steps:
step one: setting up a microwave discharge link, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, setting a microwave discharge frequency f, and selecting proper injection power to trigger a discharge phenomenon;
step two: the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge are adjusted to enable the high-speed camera to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
step three: taking a discharge electrode picture under the condition as a comparison reference for calculating the electric spark size subsequently;
step four: performing microwave discharge ignition operation, and simultaneously starting a high-speed camera to capture a discharge process;
step five: performing threshold segmentation on the discharge picture, extracting and calculating gray scale, counting the number of discharge image frames before ignition, and further calculating radiation heat dissipation energy and ignition energy;
step six: and repeating the steps under the conditions of different microwave frequencies, pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios, respectively measuring the ignition energy, and finally comparing to obtain the ignition energy of microwave discharge ignition.
The picture shot in the third step is shown in fig. 6, and the proportional relation between the pixel length and the actual length can be calculated according to the diameter size of the microwave discharge electrode, so as to guide the calculation of the electric spark size and the radiation area.
The electric spark image captured in the step four is subjected to median filtering and maximum inter-class variance threshold segmentation to further obtain an electric spark red-green gray value, and the segmentation result is shown in fig. 7 and 8, and the microwave discharge spark is spherical, so that a circle is fitted through a least square method, and a formula is calculated point by pointMinimum, in which the image boundary pixel point coordinates are (x i ，y i ) Totally N b Boundary pixel points (x) 0 ，y 0 ) As the center of a circleThe coordinates, r, are the radius, and each point coordinate on the image is used as the center (x 0 ，y 0 ) The minimum value of the above formula when r is found to take a specific value is calculated, the most reasonable circle center coordinate is finally found, namely the radius of a fitting circle is shown as shown in figure 9, after the spark boundary and the radius of a pixel are found, the radius r of the spark can be obtained according to the proportion of the pixel to the actual length, and then the area of the target radiation surface is expressed as S=4pi r 2 And finally, calculating the electric spark temperature according to a bicolor temperature measurement method, further obtaining the evaluation of radiation heat dissipation energy, and finally realizing the evaluation of ignition energy.
Further, by the formulaCalculating the electric spark temperature T, wherein C 2 Is Planck constant, lambda r 、λ g The wavelength corresponding to the peak value of R, G bicolor spectral response curve is R, G, which is the gray scale of the red-green bicolor image of the electric spark captured, k r ，k g ，b r ，b g The coefficients obtained for the calibration curve.
Wherein r=k r M(λ r ,T)+b r ；G＝k g M(λ g ,T)+b g ，M(λ r ,T),M(λ g T) is the red-green dual-color radiation emittance.
Establishing a relation of radiation power, temperature and radiation area according to the Stefin-Boltzmann law, converting the radiation power into measurement of electric spark temperature and radiation area, and further obtaining the formula P=sigma T 4 S is calculated to obtain the spark radiation power, wherein sigma=5.67×10 -8 W/(m 2 K 4 ) T is the electric spark temperature, S is the electric spark radiation area.
Establishing a relation among radiant energy, radiant power and image frame number, converting the measurement of radiant energy into the measurement of radiant power and image frame number, and further according to a formulaCalculating to obtain the spark radiation energy before ignition, wherein N is the captured spark image frameNumber, P i The radiation power corresponding to a single electric spark picture is deltat, and the duration corresponding to the single electric spark picture, namely the reciprocal of the frame rate.
Establishing a relationship of corrected ignition energy, net input energy to the circuit and radiant energy according to the formula e=e net Q calculating the ignition energy E, E of the spark net The net input energy for the circuit is Q the spark radiant energy before ignition.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and adaptations, and of being modified within the scope of the inventive concept described herein, by the foregoing teachings or by the skilled person or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring the minimum ignition energy of the combustible gas mixture based on correction is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the measuring method comprises the following steps:
shooting a discharge electrode image in the ignition process by a high-speed camera, determining a target area after threshold segmentation of the discharge electrode image, counting the number of frames of the target image before ignition, calculating a target size, and obtaining a target radiation area S according to the target size;
obtaining target red-green double-color image gray R, G, calculating target temperature T according to a double-color radiation temperature measurement method, and obtaining target radiation power P according to a target radiation area S and the target temperature T;
obtaining target radiation energy Q before ignition according to the target radiation power P and the target image frame number;
obtaining the ignition energy according to the relation among the corrected ignition energy, the net input energy of the circuit and the target radiation energy;
changing the external environment condition, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, comparing the energy of each ignition, and taking the minimum value as the minimum ignition energy.
2. A method of measuring minimum ignition energy of a modified combustible mixture as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the method for calculating the target temperature T according to the bicolor radiation temperature measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
by the formulaCalculating a target temperature T, wherein C 2 Is Planck constant, lambda r 、λ g The wavelength corresponding to the peak value of R, G bicolor spectral response curve is R, G, which is the gray scale of capturing the target red-green bicolor image, k r ，k g ，b r ，b g The coefficients obtained for the calibration curve.
3. A method of measuring minimum ignition energy of a modified combustible mixture as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the obtaining the target radiation power P according to the target radiation area S and the target temperature T specifically includes the following:
establishing a relation of radiation power, temperature and radiation area according to the Stefin-Boltzmann law, converting the radiation power into a measurement of the target temperature and the radiation area, and then according to the formula P=sigma T 4 S calculates the target radiation power, where σ=5.67×10 -8 W/(m 2 K 4 ) T is the target temperature and S is the target radiating area.
4. A method of measuring minimum ignition energy of a modified combustible mixture as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the target radiant energy Q before ignition obtained according to the target radiant power P and the target image frame number specifically comprises the following contents:
establishing a relation among radiant energy, radiant power and image frame number, converting the measurement of radiant energy into the measurement of radiant power and image frame number, and further according to a formulaCalculation ofObtaining target radiant energy before ignition, wherein N is the number of frames of the captured target image and P i The radiation power corresponding to a single target picture, and deltat is the duration corresponding to the single target picture, namely the reciprocal of the frame rate.
5. A method of measuring minimum ignition energy of a modified combustible mixture as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the obtaining the ignition energy according to the relation among the corrected ignition energy, the net input energy of the circuit and the target radiation energy specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a relationship of corrected ignition energy, net input energy to the circuit and radiant energy according to the formula e=e net Q calculating the ignition energy E, E of this target net For the net input energy to the circuit, Q is the target radiant energy before ignition.
6. A method for measuring the minimum ignition energy of a modified combustible mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the measuring method further comprises an electrostatic discharge preparation step or a microwave discharge preparation step before the discharge process is captured by the camera.
7. The method for measuring the minimum ignition energy of the combustible mixture based on correction according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrostatic discharge preparation step includes:
setting up an electrostatic discharge circuit, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, and setting a capacitor energy storage value as net input energy;
adjusting the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge so as to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
an image of the discharge electrode under this condition was taken as a comparative reference for the subsequent calculation of the arc size.
8. The method for measuring the minimum ignition energy of the combustible mixture based on correction according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microwave discharge preparation step includes:
setting up a microwave discharge circuit, injecting combustible gas into a combustion chamber, setting a microwave discharge frequency f, and selecting preset injection power to trigger a discharge phenomenon;
adjusting the relative position and focal length of the high-speed camera and the discharge so as to clearly shoot the discharge phenomenon;
the discharge electrode image under this condition was taken as a comparative reference for the subsequent calculation of the spark size.
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| CN115790866A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Flame temperature measuring method, device, equipment and medium based on radiation self-calibration |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108562363A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-21 | 中国传媒大学 | A kind of infrared signature transient state temperature field accurate measurement method |
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| CN113375815A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-09-10 | 燕山大学 | Object surface temperature measuring method and system combining CCD and thermal infrared imager |
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