CN117363918B - Preparation method of annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117363918B CN117363918B CN202311334083.3A CN202311334083A CN117363918B CN 117363918 B CN117363918 B CN 117363918B CN 202311334083 A CN202311334083 A CN 202311334083A CN 117363918 B CN117363918 B CN 117363918B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with an annular structure, which comprises the steps of respectively weighing 85-95% of magnesium-based metal powder and 5-15% of ceramic powder, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of all the components is 100%, uniformly mixing the weighed components, adding the mixture into a binder to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry, coating the magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip, drying and rolling to form a magnesium-aluminum composite roll, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite roll to obtain the magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with the annular structure, degreasing the composite preform in a vacuum sintering furnace, and then performing hot extrusion at 400-550 ℃ to obtain the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure, wherein the composite material consists of a high-toughness aluminum layer and a high-strength composite layer, and no intermetallic compound Mg exists between interfaces 17 Al 12 And Mg (magnesium) 2 Al 3 The strength of the composite material is improved by strengthening the magnesium metal layer by utilizing ceramic particles, and the toughness of the composite material is synergistically improved by introducing high-toughness pure aluminum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and relates to a preparation method of a magnesium-aluminum matrix composite material with an annular structure.
Background
The magnesium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good damping shock absorption and electromagnetic shielding performance, high dimensional stability, excellent machining performance, easy recycling and the like, is the lightest metal structural material in the current engineering application, and has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, aviation, automobiles, rail transit, electronics and military. However, the problems of low plastic forming capability, low strength, poor corrosion resistance and the like of the magnesium alloy greatly limit the large-scale application of the magnesium alloy. The magnesium-based composite material has the advantages of both magnesium alloy and reinforcing phase, can obtain better comprehensive performance than a single material, has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, transportation and the like, and is a research hotspot in the field of light metals at home and abroad.
In the past researches, most researchers generally pursue uniform distribution of reinforcing phases in a matrix, and more researches show that a magnesium-based composite material with the uniformly distributed reinforcing phases only shows limited reinforcing effect and poor plasticity and toughness level, and particularly the magnesium-based composite material prepared by stirring casting shows great room-temperature brittleness, because the uniformly distributed reinforcing phases break the connectivity of the matrix while improving the strength of the material, so that stress concentration is easy to occur at the interface of the reinforcing phases and the matrix, the plasticity and toughness of the material are seriously affected, and the application of TMCs in the fields of aerospace, military and the like is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with an annular structure, which solves the problem of poor strength and plasticity of the traditional magnesium-based composite material with uniformly distributed reinforcing phases.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the magnesium aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 85% -95% of magnesium-based metal powder and 5% -15% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the total weight percentage of all the components is 100%, then uniformly mixing the weighed components, and adding the mixture into a binder to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 2, coating the magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip, then drying and rolling to form a magnesium-aluminum composite roll, and welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite roll to obtain a magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with an annular structure;
and 3, placing the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite preform in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, and then performing hot extrusion at 400-550 ℃ with the extrusion ratio of 7-15:1 to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite.
The adhesive is formed by mixing paraffin, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and stearic acid, wherein the mass ratio of each component in the adhesive is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1.
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, putting the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder into a ball mill, uniformly mixing, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200-400r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-4h;
step 1.2, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at a high temperature of 230-260 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 140-160 ℃, and stirring to uniformly mix to obtain the required adhesive;
and 1.3, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 1.1 into a binder, and stirring for 1-2 h to obtain the magnesium-based mixed slurry.
In the step 1, the stirring process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere.
The magnesium-based metal powder is pure magnesium powder, AZ31B or AZ91D powder, and the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m.
The ceramic powder is SiC, tiC, tiB 2 One or two or more of the above ceramic powders has a particle size of 100nm-5 μm.
In the step 2, the magnesium-based mixed slurry is coated on the surface of an aluminum strip, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2-1 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum strip is 200-1000 mu m.
In the step 2, the drying temperature is 100-150 ℃ and the drying time is 1-2 min.
In the step 2, welding is carried out on the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 14-20V, and the welding current is 100-200A.
In the step 3, degreasing comprises heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 170-190 ℃ at 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-1.5 h, and then heating to 290-310 ℃ at 1-2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40-50 min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention consists of a high-toughness aluminum layer and a high-strength (ceramic particles and magnesium metal) composite layer, and no intermetallic compound Mg exists between the interface of the metal magnesium layer and the aluminum layer 17 Al 12 And Mg (magnesium) 2 Al 3 . Structurally, the composite material has an annular structure, the strength of the composite material is improved by strengthening the magnesium metal layer through ceramic particles, and meanwhile, the toughness of the composite material is synergistically improved by introducing high-toughness pure aluminum.
(2) The alternating design of the high-toughness aluminum layer and the high-strength (ceramic particles and magnesium metal) composite layer annular structure can obviously induce crack propagation paths, prolong crack propagation length, and improve the blocking effect on cracks and strength due to the existence of the multi-interface structure; through the interaction of the high volume fraction interface structure and crack propagation, the reduction and redistribution of local stress in the component layers can be effectively realized, and the fracture toughness of the composite material is improved.
(3) The rapid preparation of the magnesium aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure is realized by combining a coating forming method and a hot isostatic pressing sintering technology, the preparation cost is obviously reduced, and the industrialized preparation of the magnesium aluminum composite material is very easy to realize. In addition, the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention can realize the regulation and control of the structure and the performance of the composite material by adjusting the thickness of an aluminum strip, the thickness of a coating layer, the type and the volume fraction of ceramic and the like in the preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coating method for preparing a magnesium aluminum matrix composite preform with an annular structure in the preparation method of the magnesium aluminum matrix composite with the annular structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnesium aluminum matrix composite of annular structure prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a high strength composite layer in a magnesium aluminum matrix composite of annular structure prepared in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a high-toughness aluminum layer, 2, a high-strength composite layer, 3, ceramic particles, 4, magnesium alloy, 100, aluminum coil, 101, coater, 102, multichannel film thickness monitor, 103, dry box furnace, 104, magnesium aluminum composite coil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 95% of magnesium-based metal powder and 5% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the magnesium-based metal powder is pure magnesium powder, the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m, the ceramic powder is SiC powder, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 100-500 nm;
step 2, uniformly mixing the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 400r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 hours;
step 3, preparing a binder adopted by the slurry, wherein the binder is formed by mixing Paraffin (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Stearic Acid (SA), and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 230 ℃ for uniform mixing due to different melting points of all components, adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 140 ℃, and stirring for 1h under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to uniformly mix to obtain the required adhesive;
step 4, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 2 into a binder, and stirring for 1h under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry; stirring in the protection of nitrogen atmosphere can ensure that the metal magnesium powder is not oxidized.
Step 5, preparing a magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with an annular structure by a coating method, referring to FIG. 1;
step 5.1, placing the prepared aluminum roll 100 raw materials into an inert atmosphere protection coating area, placing an aluminum strip transmission device into a slurry coating area, uniformly coating magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip by using a coating machine 101, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2mm, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 200 mu m, the transmission speed of the aluminum strip is 2m/min, and carrying out real-time monitoring on the thickness of a coating layer by using a multi-channel film thickness monitor 102, and feeding back to finely adjust the transmission speed of the aluminum strip;
step 5.2, conveying the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a drying box type furnace 103 for curing, wherein the curing temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time is 1min, and then collecting the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a magnesium-aluminum composite roll 104;
step 5.3, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 14V, and the welding current is 100A, so as to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite preform with an annular structure;
step 6, degreasing treatment
The annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing comprises the steps of firstly heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 300 ℃ at 1.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 45min.
Step 7, preparing the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure by hot extrusion
The degreased annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite preform is subjected to hot extrusion at 400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 7:1, the structure sintering densification, the structure refinement and the grain refinement are realized in the hot extrusion process, the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar with high strength and good plastic toughness can be obtained by cooling a furnace to room temperature after the hot extrusion, the structure of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar is shown in figure 2, the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar consists of a high-toughness aluminum layer 1 and a high-strength composite layer 2, and the high-strength composite layer 2 consists of ceramic particles 3 and magnesium alloy 4, and the figure 3 is seen.
The prepared annular magnesium aluminum-based composite bar is subjected to performance detection, and the tensile strength is 215MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Example 2
The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 90% of magnesium-based metal powder and 10% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the total weight percentage of the components is 100%, the magnesium-based metal powder is AZ31B powder, the particle size of magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m, the ceramic powder is TiC powder, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 300nm-1 mu m;
step 2, uniformly mixing the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 400r/min, and the ball milling time is 2h;
step 3, preparing a binder adopted by the slurry, wherein the binder is formed by mixing Paraffin (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Stearic Acid (SA), and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1, because the melting points of the components are different, in order to achieve the effect of uniform mixing, firstly, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 240 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 150 ℃, and stirring in the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to ensure that the mixture is uniform, thus obtaining the required adhesive;
step 4, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 2 into a binder, and stirring for 1.5 hours under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 5, preparing magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with annular structure by coating method
Step 5.1, placing the prepared aluminum roll 100 raw materials into an inert atmosphere protection coating area, placing an aluminum strip transmission device into a slurry coating area, uniformly coating magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip by using a coating machine 101, wherein the coating thickness is 0.5mm, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 500 mu m, the transmission speed of the aluminum strip is 2m/min, and carrying out real-time monitoring on the thickness of a coating layer by using a multi-channel film thickness monitor 102, and feeding back to finely adjust the transmission speed of the aluminum strip;
step 5.2, conveying the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a drying box type furnace 103 for curing, wherein the curing temperature is 120 ℃, the drying time is 2min, and then collecting the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a magnesium-aluminum composite roll 104;
step 5.3, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 15V, and the welding current is 120A, so as to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite preform with an annular structure;
step 6, degreasing treatment
The annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing comprises the steps of firstly heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 190 ℃ at 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.8h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 290 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 50min.
Step 7, preparing the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure by hot extrusion
And (3) carrying out hot extrusion at 500 ℃ on the degreased annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform, wherein the extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 10:1, and the hot extrusion process realizes tissue sintering densification, structure refinement and grain refinement. And cooling the furnace to room temperature after hot extrusion to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar with high strength and good plastic toughness.
The tensile strength of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar is 275MPa, and the elongation is 18%.
Example 3
The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 95% of magnesium-based metal powder and 5% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the total weight percentage of each component is 100%, the magnesium-based metal powder is AZ91D powder, the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m, and the ceramic powder is TiB 2 Powder, wherein the particle size of the ceramic powder is 1-3 mu m;
step 2, uniformly mixing the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 200r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 hours;
step 3, preparing a binder adopted by the slurry, wherein the binder is formed by mixing Paraffin (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Stearic Acid (SA), and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1, because the melting points of the components are different, in order to achieve the effect of uniform mixing, firstly, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 260 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 160 ℃, and stirring in the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to ensure that the mixture is uniform, thus obtaining the required adhesive;
step 4, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 2 into a binder, and stirring for 1h under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 5, preparing magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with annular structure by coating method
Step 5.1, placing the prepared aluminum roll 100 raw materials into an inert atmosphere protection coating area, placing an aluminum strip transmission device into a slurry coating area, uniformly coating magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip by using a coating machine 101, wherein the coating thickness is 1mm, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 1000 mu m, the transmission speed of the aluminum strip is 1m/min, and monitoring the thickness of a coating layer in real time by using a multi-channel film thickness monitor 102, and feeding back to finely adjust the transmission speed of the aluminum strip;
step 5.2, conveying the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a drying box type furnace 103 for curing, wherein the curing temperature is 150 ℃, the drying time is 2min, and then collecting the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a magnesium-aluminum composite roll 104;
step 5.3, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 20V, and the welding current is 150A, so as to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite preform with an annular structure;
step 6, degreasing treatment
The annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing comprises the steps of firstly heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 170 ℃ at 1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 310 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 45min.
Step 7, preparing the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure by hot extrusion
And carrying out hot extrusion on the degreased annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform at 550 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 15:1, and the hot extrusion process realizes tissue sintering densification, structure refinement and grain refinement. And cooling the furnace to room temperature after hot extrusion to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar with high strength and good plastic toughness.
The tensile strength of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar is 298MPa, and the elongation percentage is 15%.
Example 4
The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 85% of magnesium-based metal powder and 15% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the magnesium-based metal powder is pure magnesium powder, the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m, and the ceramic powder is TiB 2 Powder, wherein the particle size of the ceramic powder is 300nm-2 mu m;
step 2, uniformly mixing the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, and the ball milling time is 3h;
step 3, preparing a binder adopted by the slurry, wherein the binder is formed by mixing Paraffin (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Stearic Acid (SA), and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1, because the melting points of the components are different, in order to achieve the effect of uniform mixing, firstly, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 255 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 150 ℃, and stirring in the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to ensure that the mixture is uniform, thus obtaining the required adhesive;
step 4, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 2 into a binder, and stirring for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 5, preparing magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with annular structure by coating method
Step 5.1, placing the prepared aluminum roll 100 raw materials into an inert atmosphere protection coating area, placing an aluminum strip transmission device into a slurry coating area, uniformly coating magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip by using a coating machine 101, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2mm, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 300 mu m, the transmission speed of the aluminum strip is 2m/min, and carrying out real-time monitoring on the thickness of a coating layer by using a multi-channel film thickness monitor 102, and feeding back to finely adjust the transmission speed of the aluminum strip;
step 5.2, conveying the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a drying box type furnace 103 for curing, wherein the curing temperature is 130 ℃, the drying time is 2min, and then collecting the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a magnesium-aluminum composite roll 104;
step 5.3, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 15V, and the welding current is 130A, so as to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite preform with an annular structure;
step 6, degreasing treatment
The annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing comprises the steps of firstly heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 300 ℃ at 1.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 45min.
Step 7, preparing the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure by hot extrusion
And (3) carrying out hot extrusion at 500 ℃ on the degreased annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform, wherein the extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 10:1, and the hot extrusion process realizes tissue sintering densification, structure refinement and grain refinement. And cooling the furnace to room temperature after hot extrusion to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar with high strength and good plastic toughness.
The tensile strength of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar is 248MPa, and the elongation is 17%.
Example 5
The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 85% of magnesium-based metal powder and 15% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the magnesium-based metal powder is pure magnesium powder, the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 mu m, the ceramic powder is TiC powder, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 300nm-2 mu m;
step 2, uniformly mixing the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, and the ball milling time is 3h;
step 3, preparing a binder adopted by the slurry, wherein the binder is formed by mixing Paraffin (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Stearic Acid (SA), and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1, because the melting points of the components are different, in order to achieve the effect of uniform mixing, firstly, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 260 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 150 ℃, and stirring in the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to ensure that the mixture is uniform, thus obtaining the required adhesive;
step 4, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 2 into a binder, and stirring for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 5, preparing magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with annular structure by coating method
Step 5.1, placing the prepared aluminum roll 100 raw materials into an inert atmosphere protection coating area, placing an aluminum strip transmission device into a slurry coating area, uniformly coating magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip by using a coating machine 101, wherein the coating thickness is 0.5mm, the thickness of the aluminum strip is 300 mu m, the transmission speed of the aluminum strip is 2m/min, and carrying out real-time monitoring on the thickness of a coating layer by using a multi-channel film thickness monitor 102, and feeding back to finely adjust the transmission speed of the aluminum strip;
step 5.2, conveying the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a drying box type furnace 103 for curing, wherein the curing temperature is 130 ℃, the drying time is 2min, and then collecting the aluminum strips coated with the magnesium-based mixed slurry into a magnesium-aluminum composite roll 104;
step 5.3, welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, wherein the welding voltage is 15V, and the welding current is 130A, so as to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite preform with an annular structure;
step 6, degreasing treatment
The annular magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing comprises the steps of firstly heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 300 ℃ at 1.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 45min.
Step 7, preparing the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure by hot extrusion
And (3) carrying out hot extrusion at 500 ℃ on the degreased annular magnesium aluminum-based composite preform, wherein the extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 10:1, and the hot extrusion process realizes tissue sintering densification, structure refinement and grain refinement. And cooling the furnace to room temperature after hot extrusion to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar with high strength and good plastic toughness.
The tensile strength of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite bar is 235MPa, and the elongation is 10%.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with the annular structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, respectively weighing 85% -95% of magnesium-based metal powder and 5% -15% of ceramic powder according to mass percentage, wherein the total weight percentage of all the components is 100%, then uniformly mixing the weighed components, and adding the mixture into a binder to obtain magnesium-based mixed slurry;
step 2, coating the magnesium-based mixed slurry on the surface of an aluminum strip, then drying and rolling to form a magnesium-aluminum composite roll, and welding the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium-aluminum composite roll to obtain a magnesium-aluminum-based composite preform with an annular structure;
and 3, placing the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite preform in a vacuum sintering furnace for degreasing, and then performing hot extrusion at 400-550 ℃ with the extrusion ratio of 7-15:1 to obtain the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite.
2. The preparation method of the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the binder is formed by mixing paraffin, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and stearic acid, and the mass ratio of each component in the binder is that the paraffin: low density polyethylene: polypropylene: stearic acid = 70:20:9:1.
3. the method for preparing the magnesium aluminum matrix composite with the annular structure according to claim 2, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, putting the weighed magnesium-based metal powder and ceramic powder into a ball mill, uniformly mixing, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200-400r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-4h;
step 1.2, fully mixing low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at 230-260 ℃, then adding paraffin and stearic acid, cooling to 140-160 ℃, and stirring to uniformly mix to obtain the required adhesive;
and 1.3, adding the powder material uniformly mixed in the step 1.1 into a binder, and stirring for 1-2 h to obtain the magnesium-based mixed slurry.
4. The method for preparing a magnesium aluminum matrix composite with a ring structure according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, the stirring process is performed under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere.
5. The method for preparing a magnesium-aluminum-based composite material with an annular structure according to claim 3, wherein the magnesium-based metal powder is pure magnesium powder, AZ31B or AZ91D powder, and the particle size of the magnesium-based metal powder is 2-20 μm.
6. The method for preparing a magnesium aluminum matrix composite with a ring structure according to claim 3, wherein the ceramic powder is SiC, tiC, tiB 2 One or two or more of the above ceramic powders has a particle size of 100nm-5 μm.
7. The method for preparing the magnesium-aluminum matrix composite with the annular structure according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the magnesium-based mixed slurry is coated on the surface of an aluminum strip, the coating thickness is 0.2-1 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum strip is 200-1000 μm.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the drying temperature is 100-150 ℃ and the drying time is 1-2 min.
9. The method for preparing the annular magnesium aluminum matrix composite according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2, welding is performed on the lap joint of the outermost layer of the magnesium aluminum composite coil by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding, the welding voltage is 14-20V, and the welding current is 100-200A.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein degreasing in the step 3 comprises heating the furnace temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from room temperature to 170-190 ℃ at 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, maintaining the temperature for 0.5-1.5 h, and then heating the furnace temperature to 290-310 ℃ at 1-2 ℃/min, and maintaining the temperature for 40-50 min.
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