CN117362958A - High-fluidity polylactic acid composition and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-fluidity polylactic acid composition and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117362958A
CN117362958A CN202311412831.5A CN202311412831A CN117362958A CN 117362958 A CN117362958 A CN 117362958A CN 202311412831 A CN202311412831 A CN 202311412831A CN 117362958 A CN117362958 A CN 117362958A
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China
Prior art keywords
polylactic acid
fluidity
acid composition
trifluoromethanesulfonyl
flow modifier
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CN202311412831.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐延杰
赵云峰
罗小东
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Nuowei New Materials Hangzhou Co ltd
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Nuowei New Materials Hangzhou Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/43Compounds containing sulfur bound to nitrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high polymer materials, and discloses a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition and a preparation method thereof. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, and 0.01-0.1% of polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt. According to the invention, the 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is used as a flow modifier of the polylactic acid, so that the fluidity of the polylactic acid can be greatly improved under extremely low addition amount, and meanwhile, the mechanical property, the thermal property and the degradability are hardly negatively influenced.

Description

High-fluidity polylactic acid composition and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high polymer materials, in particular to a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polylactic acid (PLA) is used as a bio-based degradable material with higher industrialization degree at present, and the application scene of the polylactic acid is gradually opened. The method has application to various degrees in biomedical science, agriculture, food packaging, 3D printing, clothing, architecture and automobile fields. Meanwhile, as the design of industrial parts becomes more complicated and thinner, higher requirements are put on the flowability of polylactic acid, and other properties are not expected to be adversely affected while the flowability is increased. However, polylactic acid with high fluidity is still less common in the market at present, so that improvement of fluidity is necessary.
The methods for improving the fluidity of polylactic acid which are more common in industry at present are as follows: (1) breaking the polylactic acid molecule chain to reduce the molecular weight; (2) adding a flow modifier; (3) bulk branching modification. However, the above methods have respective disadvantages:
(1) Breaking the polylactic acid molecule chain, reducing the molecular weight: patent CN114989590a discloses preparation and application of ultra-high fluidity polylactic acid, and the principle is that carboxyl modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a chain scission agent, and carboxyl contained in the PVA reacts with hydroxyl polylactic acid, so that the molecular weight of the polylactic acid is reduced, and the purpose of improving fluidity is achieved. Patent CN116333468A discloses a high-fluidity heat-resistant polycondensation lactic acid material, which is based on the principle that natural organic acid (such as citric acid) is added to partially break the chain of polylactic acid in an acidic environment, so as to achieve the purpose of improving fluidity. Patent CN114181506a discloses a preparation method of toughened high-fluidity polylactic acid, which adopts the principle that the molecular chain of the polylactic acid is broken by using a high-energy ray such as an X-ray, an electron beam or a gamma-ray irradiation method, so that the purposes of reducing the molecular weight and improving the fluidity are achieved. However, the elongation at break of the polylactic acid after the modification by the above method is greatly reduced.
(2) Adding a flow modifier: patent CN112552663B discloses a high-fluidity flame-retardant polylactic acid composite material, the used flow modifier is cage-type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) grafted Polycaprolactone (PCL) with a number average molecular weight of 4000-15000 g/mol. Although the method can better maintain the original mechanical properties of the polylactic acid, the method has limited improvement degree of the flow property and higher addition amount (3-6%). Patent CN112831032B discloses a high melt fluidity polylactic acid composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a lactic acid-caprolactone copolymer is added as a flow modifier, and the flow property is improved to a certain extent when the addition amount is 1-5%. However, this method still has a problem of excessively high addition amount. Patent CN112694730B discloses a method for preparing high-performance high-fluidity polylactic acid based on hyperbranched polymer, and the hyperbranched polymer is formed by copolymerizing caprolactone, lactide and epoxypropanol and can be used as a flow modifier of the polylactic acid. Likewise, this solution requires a higher addition (1-10%) to achieve an increase in fluidity.
(3) And (3) bulk branching modification: patent CN113265129B discloses a foaming grade polylactic acid with excellent processing fluidity and a preparation method thereof, and the purposes of reducing shear viscosity and improving fluidity are achieved by adding a branching regulator with difunctional groups (the functional groups are vinyl or allyl, epoxy or isocyanate groups) to enable the polylactic acid body to undergo free radical grafting reaction during melt extrusion, thereby generating a three-arm branching structure. Branching, however, leads to a considerable reduction in the entanglement of the polylactic acid molecules and thus to a considerable reduction in the mechanical properties, in particular in the toughness.
In summary, in the existing methods for improving the fluidity of polylactic acid, the mechanical properties, especially the elongation at break, of polylactic acid molecules must be affected when the molecular weight is reduced by breaking the polylactic acid molecules; when the flow modifier is added, the addition amount of more than 1% is usually required to achieve the effect of improving the fluidity; while the polylactic acid body is subjected to branching modification, the shear viscosity can be effectively reduced, but the toughness is greatly negatively influenced.
Therefore, there is a need to solve the problems that the conventional polylactic acid flow modification method improves the flow property thereof, and simultaneously, the addition amount is too large and the mechanical property and the thermal property are negatively affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition and a preparation method thereof, and the invention takes l-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt as a flow modifier of polylactic acid, so that the fluidity of the polylactic acid can be greatly improved under extremely low addition amount, and meanwhile, the mechanical property, the thermal property and the degradability are hardly negatively influenced.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, and 0.01-0.1% of polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt.
Aiming at the problems that the adding amount of the flow modifier is too large and the mechanical property and the thermal property of the polylactic acid are negatively influenced in the methods for improving the fluidity of the polylactic acid in the prior art. The invention discovers that after the 1-ethyl acetate group-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is added to the polylactic acid, the fluidity of the polylactic acid can be effectively improved under the condition of extremely low addition amount, and the mechanical property and the thermal property are not influenced.
Specifically, the invention discovers that because of the special chemical structure of the 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt, the ester bond contained in the salt has better compatibility with polylactic acid, can be effectively dispersed in resin, and has degradability similar to the polylactic acid, so that the total degradation of all raw materials in the composition can be realized. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the polar side group in the bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ion in the compound, the affinity with polylactic acid is further enhanced, and the intermolecular acting force of the polylactic acid can be reduced, so that the fluidity is improved.
Further, the content of the flow modifier is critical, and if the content is too small, the intended purpose of improving the fluidity cannot be achieved; on the contrary, if the content is too large, the invention discovers that the excessive 1-ethyl acetate group-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is easy to generate transesterification reaction with polylactic acid, thereby obviously shortening the degradation period of the polylactic acid, reducing the mechanical property, the heat resistance and the like, and leading the service life of the product to be lower than expected. Preferably, the high-fluidity polylactic acid composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, and 0.02-0.06% of polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt.
Preferably, the polylactic acid has a weight average molecular weight of 4 to 50 ten thousand and a molecular weight distribution of 2 to 5.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition, comprising: polylactic acid and a polylactic acid flow modifier, namely 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt are premixed, put into an extruder for melt extrusion, cooled by water and granulated to obtain a granular polylactic acid composition.
Preferably, the melt extrusion temperature is 160-180 ℃.
The conventional extrusion melting temperature of polylactic acid is 170-200 ℃. However, the present invention has found that melt viscosity decreases after the addition of the flow modifier, thus requiring an adaptive decrease in processing temperature.
Preferably, the granular polylactic acid composition is further subjected to an injection molding process.
Preferably, the injection molding temperature is 180-190 ℃, and the mold temperature is 45-55 ℃.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt as a polylactic acid flow modifier in the preparation of a high flow polylactic acid composition.
Preferably, the content of the 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is 0.01 to 0.1wt%, and more preferably 0.02 to 0.06wt%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the invention, the 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is used as a flow modifier of the polylactic acid, so that the fluidity of the polylactic acid can be greatly improved under extremely low addition amount, and meanwhile, the mechanical property, the thermal property and the degradability are hardly negatively influenced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
General examples
In a first aspect, the invention provides a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate group-3-methyl imidazole double (trifluoro methane sulfonyl) imine salt 0.01-0.1%, more preferably 0.02-0.06%.
Preferably, the polylactic acid has a weight average molecular weight of 4 to 50 ten thousand and a molecular weight distribution of 2 to 5.
A method for preparing a high-fluidity polylactic acid composition, comprising: polylactic acid and a polylactic acid flow modifier, namely 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt are premixed, are put into an extruder for melt extrusion (preferably 160-180 ℃), are cooled by water and are granulated to obtain a granular polylactic acid composition, and are subjected to injection molding treatment. The temperature of injection molding is 180-190 ℃ and the temperature of the die is 45-55 ℃.
Specific examples and comparative examples
(1) Raw materials
Polylactic acid: PT-101, priSi company;
flow modifier a: 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt, qingdao Alternida New Material technologies Co., ltd;
flow modifier B: ethyl tributyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, new materials technologies, inc. Of oshima.
Flow modifier C: n, N-diethyl methyl ammonium triflate, qingdao Alternatives New Material technologies Co., ltd.
TABLE 1
The preparation method of the halogen-free flame retardant polyamide composition in each case in Table 1 is as follows:
example 1: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, fed into a twin-screw extruder (Koya, HK 36), melt-extruded at 160-190℃and water-cooled and cut to obtain a granular polylactic acid composition.
Example 2: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 6: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 1: using the polylactic acid, the polylactic acid was fed into a twin screw extruder (Kogya, HK 36), melt-extruded at 165 to 195℃and water-cooled and cut to obtain a granular polylactic acid composition.
Comparative example 2: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier B was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 3: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier C was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4: using the polylactic acid, the flow modifier A was previously mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1, and a granular polylactic acid composition was obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Performance test degradability: according to GB/T19277.1-2011, anaerobic composting is carried out on a polylactic acid sample at 58 ℃ and 60% relative humidity, the sample is taken out after 30 days to weigh the residual solids, and the proportion of the degraded part relative to the original weight is calculated to obtain the degradation rate.
The respective performance data of the polylactic acid compositions obtained in each case are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in table 2:
the melt fingers of examples 1-6 were greatly improved after addition of flow modifier A compared to the melt fingers without flow modifier (comparative example 1) with little change in the mechanical properties and evaluation of thermal properties. In addition, from the trend, the increase of the melt finger and the addition amount of the flow modifier a are positively correlated, indicating that the flowability of the material is increasing.
The flow modifiers B, C (comparative examples 2, 3) of different structures had no significant effect on the improvement of the flowability at the same addition level compared to example 3.
In addition, when the addition amount of the flow modifier A was 1% (comparative example 4), it was found that the degradation rate was significantly increased compared with examples 1 to 6, because an excessive amount of the flow modifier A caused more transesterification with polylactic acid, significantly shortened the degradation period of polylactic acid, resulted in a general decrease in mechanical and thermal properties during the intended use period, and shortened the service life of the product. And in the addition amount range of 0.01-0.1%, not only can all raw materials of the material be degradable, but also the degradation rate of polylactic acid can not be obviously influenced.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field unless specified otherwise; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent transformation of the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-fluidity polylactic acid composition characterized in that: comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, and 0.01-0.1% of polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt.
2. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: polylactic acid, and 0.02-0.06% of polylactic acid flow modifier 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt.
3. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid is 4-50 ten thousand, and the molecular weight distribution is 2-5.
4. A method for producing the high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: polylactic acid and a polylactic acid flow modifier, namely 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt are premixed, put into an extruder for melt extrusion, cooled by water and granulated to obtain a granular polylactic acid composition.
5. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to claim 4, wherein: the melt extrusion temperature is 160-180 ℃.
6. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to claim 4, wherein: the granular polylactic acid composition is also subjected to injection molding treatment.
7. The high-fluidity polylactic acid composition according to claim 6, wherein: the injection molding temperature is 180-190 ℃ and the mold temperature is 45-55 ℃.
Use of 1-ethyl acetate-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt as a polylactic acid flow modifier in the preparation of a high-flowability polylactic acid composition.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein: the content of the 1-ethyl acetate group-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein: the content of the 1-ethyl acetate group-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt is 0.02-0.06wt%.
CN202311412831.5A 2023-10-27 2023-10-27 High-fluidity polylactic acid composition and preparation method thereof Pending CN117362958A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110387117A (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-29 南通诺为新材料科技有限公司 A kind of high fluidity polycarbonate, flowable and application
CN112552663A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 上海通原环保科技有限公司 High-fluidity flame-retardant polylactic acid composite material
CN112694730A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-04-23 江南大学 Method for preparing high-performance high-fluidity polylactic acid based on hyperbranched polymer
CN113265029A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-08-17 汕头市三马塑胶制品有限公司 Long-chain branched polylactic acid with high melt strength and excellent processing fluidity and preparation method thereof
CN113292765A (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-24 南通诺为新材料科技有限公司 Composition, preparation and application of novel high-fluidity thermoplastic polymer
CN114085425A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-25 宁波福天新材料科技有限公司 Beta-crystal-form compound nucleating agent and application thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110387117A (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-29 南通诺为新材料科技有限公司 A kind of high fluidity polycarbonate, flowable and application
CN113292765A (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-24 南通诺为新材料科技有限公司 Composition, preparation and application of novel high-fluidity thermoplastic polymer
CN113265029A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-08-17 汕头市三马塑胶制品有限公司 Long-chain branched polylactic acid with high melt strength and excellent processing fluidity and preparation method thereof
CN112552663A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 上海通原环保科技有限公司 High-fluidity flame-retardant polylactic acid composite material
CN112694730A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-04-23 江南大学 Method for preparing high-performance high-fluidity polylactic acid based on hyperbranched polymer
CN114085425A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-25 宁波福天新材料科技有限公司 Beta-crystal-form compound nucleating agent and application thereof

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