CN117349736A - Comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system and method for steam turbine generator - Google Patents
Comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system and method for steam turbine generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for diagnosing comprehensive vibration faults of a steam turbine generator. The system comprises a vibration acquisition module, a vibration signal transmission module and a signal analysis processing module which are connected in sequence; the vibration acquisition module comprises vibration sensors arranged on the turbine generator base and the cooling system, and the vibration sensors are used for collecting vibration signals at corresponding positions; the vibration signal transmission module is used for storing and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time; the signal analysis module is used for receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal transmission module and carrying out filtering, vibration analysis and fault diagnosis on the vibration signal. The invention can analyze the fault cause through the vibration of the machine base, can analyze whether the cooling system resonates or not through the vibration of the cooling system, and can more efficiently and accurately perform fault diagnosis through the analysis of the comprehensive machine base and the cooling system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of generator fault diagnosis, in particular to a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of a steam turbine generator.
Background
In the current power generation industry, thermal power generation still occupies the mainstream position, and a steam turbine generator is the core part of thermal power generation. Therefore, the method is very important and has practical significance for the state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the turbonator.
The large-scale generator and the accessory structure thereof are increasingly large and complicated, which causes the vibration problem of the generator structure to be more remarkable on the large-scale generator. Faults such as generator vibration, generator end cover vibration, hydrogen cooler vibration, cooling water pipe vibration and the like frequently occur on some generators, if the vibration index exceeds the standard, the loosening and abrasion of a wire rod and the open welding and water leakage of a water-electricity joint occur if the vibration index is heavy, and the safe and reliable operation of a unit is seriously affected. The large-sized generator is compact and complex in structure, vibration faults caused by structural components are very difficult to process and often have poor effects, and the problems are gradually developed into common problems of large-sized units, so that the problems become key technical problems to be solved urgently.
At present, the fault diagnosis of the steam turbine generator is mainly to collect and analyze signals of vibration of a machine base, and cannot be performed efficiently and accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system for a steam turbine generator, which can diagnose fault causes, efficiently obtain fault generation reasons and is convenient for subsequent maintenance and treatment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of the steam turbine generator comprises a vibration acquisition module, a vibration signal transmission module and a signal analysis processing module which are connected in sequence; the vibration acquisition module comprises vibration sensors arranged on the steam turbine generator base and the cooling system, and the vibration sensors are used for collecting vibration signals at corresponding positions; the vibration signal transmission module is used for storing the vibration signal and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time; the signal analysis module is used for receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal transmission module and carrying out filtering, vibration analysis and fault diagnosis on the vibration signal.
Optionally, the vibration signal transmission module adopts a wireless acquisition card.
Optionally, the wireless acquisition card is used for storing the vibration signal and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time through a wired mode or a wireless mode.
Optionally, the system further comprises a vibration acquisition key position determining module, wherein the vibration acquisition key position determining module is used for determining the optimal key installation positions of the cooling system and the vibration sensors on the engine base through modal analysis by establishing a simulation model of the turbine generator and the cooling system.
The method for diagnosing the comprehensive vibration fault of the steam turbine generator comprises the following steps:
obtaining a turbine generator base vibration signal and a cooling system vibration signal;
filtering the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal;
respectively modeling and simulating a steam turbine generator and a cooling system to perform modal analysis, and determining natural frequencies of the steam turbine generator and the cooling system;
judging whether the generator and the cooling system resonate or not according to the natural frequencies of the turbine generator and the cooling system and the characteristic frequencies of vibration signals at corresponding positions;
and comprehensively diagnosing by using a least square support vector machine algorithm according to the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal to obtain a fault diagnosis result.
Optionally, the filtering processing is performed on the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal, which specifically includes:
and filtering and denoising the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal by adopting a singular value decomposition method to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal.
Optionally, the comprehensively diagnosing by using a least square support vector machine algorithm according to the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal to obtain a fault diagnosis result specifically includes:
decomposing the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal by adopting a variation mode to obtain a decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and a decomposed cooling system vibration signal;
performing multi-scale entropy feature extraction on the decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and the decomposed cooling system vibration signal to obtain turbine generator base vibration signal features and cooling system vibration signal features;
and carrying out fault diagnosis by adopting a least square support vector machine classifier model according to the vibration signal characteristics of the steam turbine generator base and the vibration signal characteristics of the cooling system, and obtaining a fault diagnosis result.
Optionally, before the extracting the multiscale entropy features of the decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and the decomposed cooling system vibration signal to obtain turbine generator base vibration signal features and cooling system vibration signal features, the method further includes:
the key parameters of the variation modal decomposition are optimized through a manual bee colony algorithm until the parameters are optimal, and the vibration signals decomposed through the variation modal under the parameters are the optimal turbine generator base vibration signals and the optimal cooling system vibration signals.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of a steam turbine generator, which comprises a vibration acquisition module, a vibration signal transmission module and a signal analysis processing module which are connected in sequence; the vibration acquisition module comprises vibration sensors arranged on the turbine generator base and the cooling system, and the vibration sensors are used for collecting vibration signals at corresponding positions; the vibration signal transmission module is used for storing and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time; the signal analysis module is used for receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal transmission module and carrying out filtering, vibration analysis and fault diagnosis on the vibration signal. The invention can analyze the fault cause through the vibration of the machine base, can analyze whether the cooling system resonates or not through the vibration of the cooling system, and can more efficiently and accurately perform fault diagnosis through the analysis of the comprehensive machine base and the cooling system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the construction of a system for diagnosing the integrated vibration fault of a turbo generator;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing a comprehensive vibration fault of a turbo generator.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system for a steam turbine generator, which can diagnose fault causes, efficiently obtain fault generation reasons and is convenient for subsequent maintenance and treatment.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of a turbo generator. As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of a steam turbine generator, which comprises a vibration acquisition module 1, a vibration signal transmission module 2 and a signal analysis processing module 3 which are connected in sequence; the vibration acquisition module 1 comprises vibration sensors arranged on the turbine generator base and the cooling system, and the vibration sensors are used for collecting vibration signals at corresponding positions; the vibration signal transmission module 2 is used for storing and transmitting vibration signals to the signal analysis processing module 3 in real time; the signal analysis module is used for receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal transmission module 2, and filtering, vibration analysis and fault diagnosis the vibration signal.
The vibration signal transmission module 2 adopts a wireless acquisition card. The wireless acquisition card is used for storing the vibration signals and transmitting the vibration signals to the signal analysis processing module 3 in real time through a wired mode or a wireless mode. When the acquisition card and the computer of the vibration signal transmission module 2 are simultaneously connected to the same router, the vibration data collected by transmission can be transmitted to the signal analysis processing module 3 in a wireless mode; the acquisition card can also be connected with a computer through a transmission line, and vibration data can be transmitted to a computer software part in a wired mode.
The system also comprises a vibration acquisition key position determining module, wherein the vibration acquisition key position determining module is used for determining the optimal key installation positions of the vibration sensors on the cooling system and the engine base through modal analysis by establishing a simulation model of the steam turbine generator and the cooling system.
The system can realize multichannel simultaneous dynamic signal acquisition, and can perform signal transmission in wireless and wired modes. The vibration signal can be filtered and displayed in time domain and frequency domain, and the time domain waveform and the contained frequency components are intuitively displayed in the figure. For the collected vibration signals, time domain characteristics such as mean value, peak-to-peak value, mean square error, kurtosis and the like can be calculated; the system has a fault diagnosis function, can detect whether the cooling system resonates or not through time domain and frequency domain analysis of the vibration signal of the cooling system, and can automatically diagnose the fault type by using the fault diagnosis function on the input vibration signal of the generator base.
The signal analysis module of the system is a PC, and vibration data acquired by the vibration sensor can be displayed on a main interface of the PC end through the wireless transmission module and can be directly stored. It is also possible to import data that has been stored before. The main interface may have two image display areas in the frequency domain, and after vibration data is introduced, a time domain image and a frequency domain image of the data are displayed in the two areas, respectively. After the data is imported into the signal analysis module, filtering and noise reduction treatment can be carried out on the vibration data by using singular value decomposition, and the change of the data image after treatment is also reflected in the time domain image and the frequency domain image. Vibration basic parameter calculation: for the processed data, the time domain characteristic values, such as mean, variance, spectral kurtosis and the like, of the processed data are calculated through a time domain characteristic function.
The fault diagnosis function of the signal analysis module is realized mainly by an SVM optimization algorithm: the method is a fault diagnosis method based on VMD (Variational Mode Decomposition), multi-scale entropy feature extraction and LS-SVM (Least Squares Support Vector Machine, least square support vector machine) combined with rotating mechanical signals, adopts a variation mode to decompose vibration signals and calculates multi-scale entropy for each modal component, and can effectively extract the features of the vibration signals; and the parameters of the VMD are optimized by utilizing the strong global random search capability of the artificial bee colony algorithm, the blindness of manually selecting the parameters is overcome, and the optimal VMD decomposition effect is obtained. Calculating multi-scale entropy of each modal component, using a multi-scale entropy value as vibration signal characteristics, performing fault diagnosis by using an LS-SVM classifier model, obtaining a result and outputting the result.
The system has the following advantages:
(1) The system can wirelessly transmit sensor data, and can enable staff to perform subsequent fault analysis and processing in a more comfortable environment.
(2) The system has the filtering function, can conveniently and efficiently complete a series of signal noise reduction and processing functions in a software system, can output the time domain characteristics of vibration signals, and is convenient for analysis and processing of staff.
(3) The vibration of the turbine generator base and the vibration of the cooling system can be monitored simultaneously, fault reasons can be analyzed through the vibration of the base, whether resonance exists or not can be analyzed through the vibration of the cooling system, the analysis of the integrated base and the cooling system is more efficient and accurate for fault diagnosis, and subsequent maintenance and treatment are facilitated.
(4) And the vibration signals of the engine base and the cooling system are comprehensively diagnosed by using a novel machine algorithm of the least square support vector machine, so that the fault cause is more intelligently and accurately obtained.
Example 2:
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing a comprehensive vibration fault of a turbo generator. As shown in fig. 2, a method for diagnosing a turbine generator integrated vibration fault includes:
step 101: and obtaining a turbine generator base vibration signal and a cooling system vibration signal.
And collecting vibration information of corresponding positions through sensors arranged at key positions of a stator base of the steam turbine generator and key positions of a cooling system of the generator.
The key position is the optimal key installation position determined by establishing a simulation model of the turbonator and the cooling system and by modal analysis in special software.
Step 102: and filtering the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal.
Step 103: and respectively modeling and simulating the turbo generator and the cooling system to perform modal analysis and determine the natural frequencies of the turbo generator and the cooling system.
The natural frequency of the generator body and the natural frequency of the cooling system are obtained by establishing a model of the generator and the cooling system in special software according to the unit structure and performing modal analysis.
Step 104: judging whether the generator and the cooling system resonate or not according to the natural frequencies of the turbine generator and the cooling system and the characteristic frequencies of vibration signals at corresponding positions.
Step 105: and comprehensively diagnosing by using a least square support vector machine algorithm according to the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal to obtain a fault diagnosis result.
Step 102 specifically includes:
and filtering and denoising the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal by adopting a singular value decomposition method to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal.
Step 105 specifically includes:
step 1051: and decomposing the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal by adopting a variation mode to obtain a decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and a decomposed cooling system vibration signal.
Step 1052: and performing multi-scale entropy feature extraction on the decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and the decomposed cooling system vibration signal to obtain turbine generator base vibration signal features and cooling system vibration signal features.
Step 1053: and carrying out fault diagnosis by adopting a least square support vector machine classifier model according to the vibration signal characteristics of the steam turbine generator base and the vibration signal characteristics of the cooling system, and obtaining a fault diagnosis result.
According to the collected vibration data, the fault types which can be diagnosed mainly comprise cooling system resonance and resonance diagnosis and early warning of the generator body; the bottom load of the generator is unevenly distributed; generator bearing faults (including bearing inner and outer ring faults and rolling body faults), generator air gap eccentricity faults and generator stator and rotor winding faults.
The basis of the diagnosis is as follows:
(1) Analyzing the acquired vibration data of the key position of the generator cooling system to obtain vibration characteristic frequency, and comparing the vibration characteristic frequency with the pre-obtained natural frequency to judge whether resonance exists or not; and whether the vibration exceeds the standard or not can be judged according to the time domain characteristics of the vibration signal, such as the vibration amplitude and the like, and early warning is carried out.
(2) Analyzing the acquired vibration data of the generator base to obtain vibration characteristic frequency, and comparing the vibration characteristic frequency with the natural frequency of the generator body obtained in advance to judge whether the generator body has resonance; in addition, whether the generator bottom load (gasket) is unevenly distributed is judged according to the vibration characteristic frequency and the vibration time domain characteristic.
(3) And analyzing the acquired vibration data near the generator bearing seat to obtain vibration characteristic frequency, and comparing the vibration characteristic frequency with the fault characteristic frequency (including inner ring faults, outer ring faults and rolling body faults) of the bearing so as to judge whether the generator bearing faults exist.
(4) And analyzing the acquired vibration data of the generator base to obtain vibration characteristic frequency, and comparing the vibration characteristic frequency with the characteristic frequency of the generator air gap eccentric fault and the characteristic frequency of the generator winding fault so as to judge whether the generator air gap eccentric fault and the generator winding fault exist.
The key parameters of the variation modal decomposition are optimized through a manual bee colony algorithm until the parameters are optimal, and the vibration signals decomposed through the variation modal under the parameters are the optimal turbine generator base vibration signals and the optimal cooling system vibration signals.
Example 3:
the present embodiment provides an electronic device including a memory for storing a computer program and a processor that runs the computer program to cause the electronic device to execute the turbine generator integrated vibration fault diagnosis method of embodiment 2.
Alternatively, the electronic device may be a server.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the turbine generator integrated vibration fault diagnosis method of embodiment 2.
Embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system of the steam turbine generator is characterized by comprising a vibration acquisition module, a vibration signal transmission module and a signal analysis processing module which are connected in sequence; the vibration acquisition module comprises vibration sensors arranged on the steam turbine generator base and the cooling system, and the vibration sensors are used for collecting vibration signals at corresponding positions; the vibration signal transmission module is used for storing the vibration signal and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time; the signal analysis module is used for receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal transmission module and carrying out filtering, vibration analysis and fault diagnosis on the vibration signal.
2. The integrated vibration fault diagnosis system of a turbo generator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration signal transmission module adopts a wireless acquisition card.
3. The integrated vibration fault diagnosis system of a turbo generator according to claim 2, wherein the wireless acquisition card is used for storing the vibration signal and transmitting the vibration signal to the signal analysis processing module in real time through a wired mode or a wireless mode.
4. The integrated vibration fault diagnosis system of a turbo generator according to claim 1, further comprising a vibration acquisition key position determining module, wherein the vibration acquisition key position determining module determines the optimal key installation positions of the vibration sensors on the cooling system and the engine base by establishing a simulation model of the turbo generator and the cooling system and by modal analysis.
5. A method for diagnosing a comprehensive vibration fault of a turbo generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
obtaining a turbine generator base vibration signal and a cooling system vibration signal;
filtering the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal;
respectively modeling and simulating a steam turbine generator and a cooling system to perform modal analysis, and determining natural frequencies of the steam turbine generator and the cooling system;
judging whether the generator and the cooling system resonate or not according to the natural frequencies of the turbine generator and the cooling system and the characteristic frequencies of vibration signals at corresponding positions;
and comprehensively diagnosing by using a least square support vector machine algorithm according to the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal to obtain a fault diagnosis result.
6. The method for diagnosing a comprehensive vibration fault of a turbo generator according to claim 5, wherein the filtering process is performed on the turbo generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal to obtain a filtered turbo generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal, and specifically comprises:
and filtering and denoising the turbine generator base vibration signal and the cooling system vibration signal by adopting a singular value decomposition method to obtain a filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and a filtered cooling system vibration signal.
7. The method for diagnosing a turbine generator integrated vibration fault as claimed in claim 5, wherein said performing integrated diagnosis using a least squares support vector machine algorithm based on said filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and said filtered cooling system vibration signal to obtain a fault diagnosis result, specifically comprises:
decomposing the filtered turbine generator base vibration signal and the filtered cooling system vibration signal by adopting a variation mode to obtain a decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and a decomposed cooling system vibration signal;
performing multi-scale entropy feature extraction on the decomposed turbine generator base vibration signal and the decomposed cooling system vibration signal to obtain turbine generator base vibration signal features and cooling system vibration signal features;
and carrying out fault diagnosis by adopting a least square support vector machine classifier model according to the vibration signal characteristics of the steam turbine generator base and the vibration signal characteristics of the cooling system, and obtaining a fault diagnosis result.
8. The method for diagnosing a general vibration fault of a turbo generator according to claim 7, further comprising, before said extracting the multi-scale entropy features of the decomposed turbo generator base vibration signal and the decomposed cooling system vibration signal to obtain a turbo generator base vibration signal feature and a cooling system vibration signal feature:
the key parameters of the variation modal decomposition are optimized through a manual bee colony algorithm until the parameters are optimal, and the vibration signals decomposed through the variation modal under the parameters are the optimal turbine generator base vibration signals and the optimal cooling system vibration signals.
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| CN202311279803.0A CN117349736A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system and method for steam turbine generator |
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| CN202311279803.0A CN117349736A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Comprehensive vibration fault diagnosis system and method for steam turbine generator |
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