CN117348162A - Multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer - Google Patents

Multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer Download PDF

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CN117348162A
CN117348162A CN202311296637.5A CN202311296637A CN117348162A CN 117348162 A CN117348162 A CN 117348162A CN 202311296637 A CN202311296637 A CN 202311296637A CN 117348162 A CN117348162 A CN 117348162A
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mach
interferometer
zehnder
multimode
interferometers
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CN117348162B (en
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李�昊
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Guangzhou Niobao Optoelectronics Co ltd
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Guangzhou Niobao Optoelectronics Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
    • G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
    • G02B6/29355—Cascade arrangement of interferometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12107—Grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/12147—Coupler
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/12159—Interferometer

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which comprises a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides, wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are connected through the waveguides to form cascade connection, and each Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises two 2X 2 multimode interferometers, two Bragg grating couplers and a plurality of tapered waveguides; the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers are connected through a tapered waveguide and two Bragg grating couplers; the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is used for splitting an input optical signal or combining signals with different wavelengths and outputting the signals; the two Bragg grating couplers are used for filtering input optical signals with different wavelengths; tapered waveguides are used to connect a 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and a bragg grating coupler, or to connect a 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and a waveguide. The embodiment of the invention improves the processing tolerance of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the bandwidth of the communication channel, and can be widely applied to the technical fields of optical fiber communication and integrated optics.

Description

Multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication and integrated optics, in particular to a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Background
With the rapid development of global optical communication and 5G, higher requirements are put on the capacity of an optical communication channel, so that a wavelength division multiplexer becomes a key technology in the field of optical communication. The wavelength division multiplexer can multiplex light of different wavelengths carrying different signals into the same optical fiber, and can also demultiplex the light. The wavelength division multiplexer can greatly improve the channel bandwidth, and the requirements on the laser are greatly reduced due to the large channel interval and the large bandwidth, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the wavelength division multiplexer is widely applied to data centers. However, as the amount of signal to be transmitted increases, the existing wavelength division multiplexer has a problem in that the bandwidth is not large enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on a mach-zehnder interferometer, which widens the bandwidth of the wavelength division multiplexer and increases the capacity of an optical communication channel.
The embodiment of the invention provides a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which comprises a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides, wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are connected through the waveguides to form cascade connection, and each Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises two 2X 2 multimode interferometers, two Bragg grating couplers and a plurality of tapered waveguides; the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers are connected through a tapered waveguide and two Bragg grating couplers; wherein,
a 2 x 2 multimode interferometer for splitting an input optical signal or combining signals with different wavelengths and outputting the combined signals;
two Bragg grating couplers for filtering the input optical signals with different wavelengths;
a tapered waveguide for connecting the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and the bragg grating coupler, or connecting the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and the waveguide.
Optionally, the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers comprise a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; the first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is used for receiving the first optical signal, splitting the first optical signal, and transmitting the split first optical signal to two Bragg grating couplers for filtering; the second 2×2 multimode interferometer is configured to receive the second optical signal, split the second optical signal, transmit the second optical signal to two bragg grating couplers for filtering, combine the first optical signal filtered by the bragg grating couplers with the second optical signal filtered by the bragg grating couplers, and output the combined optical signal.
Optionally, the 2×2 multimode interferometer splits an input optical signal by a 50% split ratio: 50%.
Optionally, two bragg grating couplers filter the input signal light of different wavelengths, wherein one bragg grating coupler transmits the first optical signal and the other bragg grating coupler reflects the second optical signal.
Optionally, the center wavelength of the bragg grating of each bragg grating coupler is different.
Alternatively, each 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is identical in structure, comprising four ports, the four ports being equally distributed, disposed on opposite sides of each 2 x 2 multimode interferometer.
Alternatively, the two 2×2 multimode interferometers are connected by two bragg grating couplers, the two bragg grating couplers are disposed between two opposite faces of the two 2×2 multimode interferometers, and the two bragg grating couplers are connected with ports of the 2×2 multimode interferometers by tapered waveguides.
Optionally, the plurality of mach-zehnder interferometers include a plurality of first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers and a plurality of second-stage mach-zehnder interferometers, monochromatic light with two different wavelengths is input into the first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers, and one-stage composite light is output into the second-stage mach-zehnder interferometers through the first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers; two paths of composite light or one path of composite light and one path of monochromatic light are input into the second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer and output to the next second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that cascade connection is formed among a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Alternatively, the bandwidth of the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of the two paths of monochromatic light input into the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the bandwidth of the secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of the composite light or the two paths of monochromatic light input into the secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Optionally, the waveguides include curved waveguides and strip waveguides.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the multi-mode interferometer of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the multi-channel wavelength division multiplexer has larger characteristic size, is insensitive to dimensional change caused by processing, adopts a 2×2 multi-mode interferometer as a beam splitter and a beam combiner, and improves the processing tolerance of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of the embodiment is formed by adopting a cascade connection mode of a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, so that the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer with larger capacity of an optical communication channel is realized, and the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is simple to prepare, high in process tolerance and low in loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-channel wavelength division multiplexer based on a mach-zehnder interferometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bragg grating coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 2×2 multimode interferometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a mach-zehnder interferometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 101. a fifth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 102. two bragg grating couplers; 103. a seventh waveguide; 104. a fifth waveguide; 105. a first waveguide; 106. two bragg grating couplers; 107. two bragg grating couplers; 108. a second waveguide; 109. a third waveguide; 110. a fourth waveguide; 111. a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 112. a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 113. a sixth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 114. a third 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 115. a fourth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 116. a sixth waveguide; 401. a port; 402. a Bragg grating coupling region; 403. a port; 301. a multimode interference region; 302-305, tapered waveguides; 201. a first input waveguide; 202. a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 203. two bragg grating couplers; 204. a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; 205. a second input waveguide; 206. and an output waveguide.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is to be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with one another without conflict.
In the following description, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects, it being understood that the "first", "second", "third" may be interchanged with a specific order or sequence, as permitted, to enable embodiments of the invention described herein to be practiced otherwise than as illustrated or described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Before describing embodiments of the present invention in further detail, the terms and terminology involved in the embodiments of the present invention will be described, and the terms and terminology involved in the embodiments of the present invention will be used in the following explanation.
The embodiment of the invention provides a multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which comprises a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides, wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are connected through the waveguides to form cascade connection, and each Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises two 2X 2 multimode interferometers, two Bragg grating couplers and a plurality of tapered waveguides; the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers are connected through a tapered waveguide and two Bragg grating couplers; wherein,
a 2 x 2 multimode interferometer for splitting an input optical signal or combining signals with different wavelengths and outputting the combined signals;
two Bragg grating couplers for filtering the input optical signals with different wavelengths;
a tapered waveguide for connecting the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and the bragg grating coupler, or connecting the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and the waveguide.
Specifically, the number of channels of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the invention can be set according to actual requirements, and the embodiment is not limited and only provided for reference; the number of channels is changed by changing the number of mach-zehnder interferometers, the number of channels comprising an odd or even number, i.e. the light input to the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer may be an odd or even number of light paths.
Specifically, each mach-zehnder interferometer includes two inputs and one output.
Specifically, when the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is an odd number of channels, for example, when the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is a 3-channel wavelength division multiplexer, the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer comprises two Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides; the first path of light and the second path of light are respectively input from two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, splitting, filtering and combining are carried out, the two paths of light after the beam combination are output from the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the two paths of light are input from one input end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer to the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the third path of light is input from the other input end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the two paths of light after the beam combination and the third path of light are split, filtered and combined in the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the three paths of light after the beam combination are output from the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Specifically, when the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is an even number of channels, for example, when the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is a 6-channel wavelength division multiplexer, the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer comprises 6 Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides; the four paths of monochromatic light are distributed in pairs and respectively input into a first Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a second Mach-Zehnder interferometer for beam splitting, filtering and beam combination to obtain first composite light and second composite light, and respectively input from two input ends of a third Mach-Zehnder interferometer for beam splitting, filtering and beam combination to obtain third composite light formed by combining four paths of monochromatic light; the third composite light and the fifth monochromatic light are respectively input from two input ends of the fourth Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and are subjected to beam splitting, filtering and beam combination to obtain fourth composite light formed by combining five paths of monochromatic light; the fourth composite light and the sixth monochromatic light are respectively input from two input ends of the fifth Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and are subjected to beam splitting, filtering and beam combination to obtain fifth composite light formed by combining six paths of monochromatic light and output from the output end of the fifth Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
As shown in fig. 1, in a specific embodiment, the four-channel wavelength division multiplexer based on a mach-zehnder interferometer includes a first mach-zehnder interferometer, a second mach-zehnder interferometer, a third mach-zehnder interferometer, and a plurality of waveguides; the first mach-zehnder interferometer comprises a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 112, a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 111, two bragg grating couplers 106, a first waveguide 105 and a second waveguide 108; the second mach-zehnder interferometer comprises a third 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 114, a fourth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 115, two bragg grating couplers 107, a third waveguide 109 and a fourth waveguide 110; the third mach-zehnder interferometer comprises a fifth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 101, a sixth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 113, two bragg grating couplers 102, a fifth waveguide 104, a sixth waveguide 116 and a seventh waveguide 103.
Optionally, the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers comprise a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; the first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is used for receiving the first optical signal, splitting the first optical signal, and transmitting the split first optical signal to two Bragg grating couplers for filtering; the second 2×2 multimode interferometer is configured to receive the second optical signal, split the second optical signal, transmit the second optical signal to two bragg grating couplers for filtering, combine the first optical signal filtered by the bragg grating couplers with the second optical signal filtered by the bragg grating couplers, and output the combined optical signal.
Specifically, the second optical signal λ 2 Is input from the second waveguide 108 into a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 111, the second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 111 is configured to receive a second optical signal lambda 2 Splitting the beam and splitting the second optical signal lambda 2 Input to two bragg grating couplers 106 for filtering; first optical signal lambda 1 Is input from the first waveguide 105 into the first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 112, the first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 112 is configured to receive a first optical signal λ 1 Splitting, filtering in two Bragg grating couplers 106, and filtering the first optical signal lambda through the two Bragg grating couplers 106 1 And a second optical signal lambda 2 The combined beam is transmitted through the fifth waveguide 104 to the third mach-zehnder interferometer.
Specifically, the third optical signal λ 3 Is input from the third waveguide 109 into a third 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 114, the third 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 114 outputting a third optical signal λ 3 Splitting the beam and splitting the third optical signal lambda 3 Input to two bragg grating couplers 107 for filtering; fourth optical signal lambda 4 From the fourth waveguide 110 into a fourth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 115, the fourth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 115 is for a fourth optical signal λ 4 Splitting, filtering in two Bragg grating couplers 107, and filtering the third optical signal lambda by the two Bragg grating couplers 107 3 And a fourth optical signal lambda 4 The combined beam is transmitted through a sixth waveguide 116 to the third mach-zehnder interferometer.
Optionally, the 2×2 multimode interferometer splits an input optical signal by a 50% split ratio: 50%.
Specifically, the second 2×2 multimode interferometers 111 respectively convert the first optical signals λ 1 And a second optical signal lambda 2 50%; the 50% split ratio is divided into two beams of component optical signals; the third 2×2 multimode interferometers 114 respectively couple the third optical signals λ 3 And a fourth optical signal lambda 4 50%; the 50% split ratio is split into two component optical signals.
Optionally, two bragg grating couplers filter the input signal light of different wavelengths, wherein one bragg grating coupler transmits the first optical signal and the other bragg grating coupler reflects the second optical signal.
Specifically, one of the two bragg grating couplers transmits light transmitted from the 2×2 multimode interferometer that receives an input optical signal only through the waveguide, and the other bragg grating coupler reflects an optical signal transmitted from the 2×2 multimode interferometer connected to the next mach-zehnder interferometer.
Specifically, the second 2×2 multimode interferometer 111 is configured to measure the first optical signal λ 2 Reflecting the second optical signal lambda 2 Transmitting; a third 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 114 for a third optical signal λ 3 Transmitting the fourth optical signal lambda 4 Reflecting; thereby realizing the filtering of the signal light with different wavelengths.
Specifically, the second optical signal λ 2 Is E in the light field of (2) 0 =asin (ωt), the split light field is The Bragg grating structures of Mach-Zehnder interferometers are identical, so E 1 And E is 2 No phase difference is generated in the transmission process, the light field after transmission is +.> Wherein E is 3 E is a component signal filtered out by the second 2×2 multimode interferometer 111 after beam splitting 4 For the component signal that remains after filtering by the second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 111.
Specifically, the first optical signal λ 1 Is E in the light field of (2) 0 ' =asin (ωt), the split optical field is The DBR structures of Mach-Zehnder interferometers are identical, so E 1 ' and E 2 ' no phase difference occurs during reflection, the reflected light field is +.> Wherein E is 0 "as a component signal filtered out by the second 2X 2 multimode interferometer 111 after beam splitting, E 4 ' is the component signal that remains after filtering by the second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 111.
Optionally, the center wavelength of the bragg grating of each bragg grating coupler is different.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the bragg grating coupler includes a port 401, a bragg grating coupling region 402, and a port 403; the Bragg grating coupler filters optical signals of different wavelengths by changing the center wavelength of the Bragg grating, which is changed by adjusting the period and duty cycle of the grating teeth of the Bragg grating.
Specifically, the input optical signals are different for each mach-zehnder interferometer, so the center wavelength of the bragg grating of each bragg grating coupler is different, so as to realize the filtering effect on the optical signals with different wavelengths.
Alternatively, each 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is identical in structure, comprising four ports, the four ports being equally distributed, disposed on opposite sides of each 2 x 2 multimode interferometer.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the 2X 2 multimode interferometer includes a multimode interference zone 301, four ports, and four tapered waveguides 302-305; four ports are provided on average on opposite sides of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 301, the four ports being connected to tapered waveguides 302-305, respectively.
Alternatively, the two 2×2 multimode interferometers are connected by two bragg grating couplers, the two bragg grating couplers are disposed between two opposite faces of the two 2×2 multimode interferometers, and the two bragg grating couplers are connected with ports of the 2×2 multimode interferometers by tapered waveguides.
As shown in fig. 4, one mach-zehnder interferometer comprises a first input waveguide 201, a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 202, two bragg grating couplers 203, a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 204, a second input waveguide 205 and an output waveguide 206; the first 2×2 multimode interferometer 202 and the second 2×2 multimode interferometer 204 are connected by two bragg grating couplers 203, and four ports at both ends of the two bragg grating couplers 203 are connected to four ports on opposite sides of the first 2×2 multimode interferometer 202 and the second 2×2 multimode interferometer 204 by tapered waveguides, respectively.
Optionally, the plurality of mach-zehnder interferometers include a plurality of first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers and a plurality of second-stage mach-zehnder interferometers, monochromatic light with two different wavelengths is input into the first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers, and one-stage composite light is output into the second-stage mach-zehnder interferometers through the first-stage mach-zehnder interferometers; two paths of composite light or one path of composite light and one path of monochromatic light are input into the second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer and output to the next second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the second-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that cascade connection is formed among a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Taking a four-channel wavelength division multiplexer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a first Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a third Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the output light of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is transmitted to the fifth 2×2 multimode interferometer 101 through the fifth waveguide 104 for beam splitting and is transmitted to the two Bragg grating couplers 102 for filtering; the output light of the second mach-zehnder interferometer is transmitted through a sixth waveguide 116 to a sixth 2 x 2 multimode interferometer 113 for beam splitting and filtering in the two bragg grating couplers 102; wherein the two bragg grating couplers 102 transmit the output light of the first mach-zehnder interferometer and reflect the output light of the second mach-zehnder interferometer; the sixth 2×2 multimode interferometer 113 combines the output light of the first mach-zehnder interferometer and the output light of the second mach-zehnder interferometer filtered by the two bragg grating couplers 102 and outputs the combined light through the seventh waveguide 103.
Alternatively, the bandwidth of the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of the two paths of monochromatic light input into the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the bandwidth of the secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of the composite light or the two paths of monochromatic light input into the secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Specifically, the bandwidth of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is |λ 2 -λ 1 The bandwidth of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer is |lambda 4 -λ 3 The bandwidth of the third Mach-Zehnder interferometer is |lambda 3 -λ 1 |。
Optionally, the waveguides include curved waveguides and strip waveguides.
Specifically, the bending waveguide and the strip waveguide are combined, so that the occupied area and the occupied volume of the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer can be effectively saved.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the multi-mode interferometer of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the multi-channel wavelength division multiplexer has larger characteristic size, is insensitive to dimensional change caused by processing, adopts a 2×2 multi-mode interferometer as a beam splitter and a beam combiner, and improves the processing tolerance of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of the embodiment is formed by adopting a cascade connection mode of a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, so that the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer with larger capacity of an optical communication channel is realized, and the multichannel wavelength division multiplexer is simple to prepare, high in process tolerance and low in loss.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The multichannel wavelength division multiplexer based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometers is characterized by comprising a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of waveguides, wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are connected through the waveguides to form cascade connection, and each Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises two 2X 2 multimode interferometers, two Bragg grating couplers and a plurality of tapered waveguides; the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers are connected through a tapered waveguide and the two Bragg grating couplers; wherein,
the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is used for splitting an input optical signal or combining signals with different wavelengths and outputting the signals;
the two Bragg grating couplers are used for filtering input optical signals with different wavelengths;
the tapered waveguide is used for connecting the 2×2 multimode interferometer and the bragg grating coupler or connecting the 2×2 multimode interferometer and the waveguide.
2. The mach-zehnder interferometer based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein two of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometers comprise a first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer and a second 2 x 2 multimode interferometer; the first 2 x 2 multimode interferometer is used for receiving a first optical signal, splitting the first optical signal, transmitting the split first optical signal to the two Bragg grating couplers for filtering; the second 2×2 multimode interferometer is configured to receive a second optical signal, split the second optical signal, transmit the second optical signal to two bragg grating couplers, filter the second optical signal, and output the combined optical signal.
3. The mach-zehnder interferometer-based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein the 2 x 2 multimode interferometer splits the input optical signal at a 50% splitting ratio: 50%.
4. The mach-zehnder interferometer-based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein two of the bragg grating couplers filter incoming signal light of different wavelengths, wherein one bragg grating coupler transmits a first optical signal and the other bragg grating coupler reflects a second optical signal.
5. A mach-zehnder interferometer based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the center wavelength of the bragg gratings of each of the bragg grating couplers is different.
6. The mach-zehnder interferometer-based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein each of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometers is identical in structure and comprises four ports equally distributed across opposite sides of each of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometers.
7. The mach-zehnder interferometer based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein two of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometers are connected by two of the bragg grating couplers disposed between opposite faces of the two 2 x 2 multimode interferometers, the two bragg grating couplers being connected to ports of the 2 x 2 multimode interferometers by the tapered waveguides.
8. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers comprises a plurality of primary Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a plurality of secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometers, wherein monochromatic light with two different wavelengths is input into the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and one path of composite light is output into the secondary Mach-Zehnder interferometers through the primary Mach-Zehnder interferometers; and the two paths of composite light or the one path of composite light and the one path of monochromatic light are input into the two-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometers and output to the next two-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometers through the two-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometers so as to form cascade connection among a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
9. The mach-zehnder interferometer-based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 8, wherein the bandwidth of the primary mach-zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of two monochromatic light input into the primary mach-zehnder interferometer and the bandwidth of the secondary mach-zehnder interferometer is determined from the wavelengths of two of the composite light or monochromatic light input into the secondary mach-zehnder interferometer.
10. The mach-zehnder interferometer-based multichannel wavelength division multiplexer of claim 1, wherein the waveguides comprise curved waveguides and strip waveguides.
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