CN117348063A - Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone - Google Patents
Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117348063A CN117348063A CN202311300191.9A CN202311300191A CN117348063A CN 117348063 A CN117348063 A CN 117348063A CN 202311300191 A CN202311300191 A CN 202311300191A CN 117348063 A CN117348063 A CN 117348063A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fault
- seismic
- fracture
- point
- fracture zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 139
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 139
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102220350046 c.242G>A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to an evaluation method for quantitatively representing the width of a fracture zone of reverse fault fracture, which comprises the following steps: preferably, the amplitude-preserving fidelity seismic data are selected, and a seismic research work area is established; calibrating a target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting a calibration technology; tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by using the seismic stratum interface calibration result; according to geological laws, the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone is preferably selected through statistical analysis; the method utilizes the seismic data, realizes qualitative description promotion and upgrading from conventional fault fracture zone width to quantitative characterization by optimizing the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone, and provides the most direct scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and development, especially for the drilling deployment of the unconventional oil and gas exploration and development in recent years, thereby greatly reducing the drilling risk, improving the exploration and development benefits, and simultaneously providing important support for large engineering site selection, geological disaster prevention and control and prediction decision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to an evaluation method for quantitatively representing the width of a fracture zone of reverse fault fracture.
Background
The research of fault fracture zones is not only the field of long-term attention of basic disciplines such as structural geology, natural seismology and the like, but also the key point and the difficulty of attention in the conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoir exploration and development field, and is also important for preventing and controlling and predicting geological disasters. In the oil and gas field, the description and accurate definition of fault fracture zone boundaries have great practical significance for drilling deployment: aiming at the conventional oil and gas reservoirs, the underground fault fracture zone can be generally used as an effective oil and gas migration channel and can directly provide an oil and gas reservoir space, so that the fracture zone range is defined as accurately as possible in the oil and gas exploration and development process, and a well track target body is designed to fall in a reservoir optimal development area of the fracture zone as far as possible; for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as shale gas, dense gas and coalbed gas, the fracture zone often damages the reservoir space and the original attached state of oil and gas, a channel is provided for secondary migration of the oil and gas, and the oil and gas escapes due to development of the fracture zone, so that the fracture zone is damaged, and the well drilling is required to avoid the deployment of the fracture zone. Therefore, fracture bandwidth is one of the most central indexes affecting well drilling deployment, whether it is the exploration phase or the development phase, and accurate characterization of fracture zone width is a long-sought goal of oil and gas practitioners.
Currently, in the field of oil and gas exploration and development, fault fracture zone research is mainly realized through three ways, namely field outcrop observation, well drilling well hole disclosure and geophysical interpretation. The outdoor outcrop observation is controlled by factors such as limited surface outcrop, surface vegetation, fourth-line sediment coverage and the like, so that the characteristics of a fault fracture zone are difficult to accurately describe, and the fracture development condition of a few kilometers of the deep buried underground cannot be clearly and clearly observed through similar outcrop observation. While the well bore can reveal the crack development condition with centimeter-level precision around the well bore, the well bore is limited by factors such as the oil and gas exploration and development stage, the well pattern density, the limited coring section, the strong geological heterogeneity and the like, and the fault fracture zone with three-dimensional characteristics is difficult to accurately describe by a hole or a plurality of holes. Geophysical description is capable of detecting deep buried strata, and particularly with the development of high-precision three-dimensional seismic detection technology, the acquisition and detection precision is remarkably improved, and the method gradually becomes the most effective method for carving underground faults and breaking zones thereof.
Currently, a division method and a device for the internal structure of a carbonate sliding fracture breaking belt are provided in a patent document with a patent number of CN202010277876.6, and the division method comprises the steps of obtaining the characteristics of the carbonate sliding fracture breaking belt; features including cracks, holes, and caves; dividing a carbonate sliding fracture breaking zone into a first type, a second type and a third type according to the characteristics; in the method technology of the patent, how to identify the fracture zone spatially is not related, and there is no mention of evaluating the fracture development width by adopting an earthquake means, and improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for quantitatively representing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault, and aims to realize qualitative description propulsion and upgrading from conventional fracture zone width to quantitative representation by optimizing sensitive attribute attributes of the fracture zone by utilizing seismic data, thereby providing the most direct scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and development, especially for the drilling deployment of the unconventional oil and gas exploration and development in recent years, greatly reducing drilling risks, improving exploration and development benefits, and simultaneously providing important support for large-scale engineering site selection, geological disaster prevention and control and prediction decision.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing a reverse fault fracture zone width, comprising:
preferably, the amplitude-preserving fidelity seismic data are selected, and a seismic research work area is established;
calibrating a target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting a calibration technology;
tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by using the seismic stratum interface calibration result;
according to geological laws, the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone is preferably selected through statistical analysis;
utilizing the explained seismic interface and the sensitivity attribute to compile a sensitivity attribute plan;
dividing a fault into a plurality of sampling interpretation points in a sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram along the trend of the fault;
according to the fault control points, compiling a graph of distance from the break point and fracture development probability;
acquiring a reverse fault fracture zone development curve by using a break point distance-fracture development probability curve graph;
acquiring attribute values of a fault-free development influence area;
and obtaining the width value of the fracture zone of fracture by using a fracture development probability second derivative curve.
Wherein, the preferred fidelity seismic data of the amplitude preservation, the concrete step of establishing the seismic research work area includes:
loading conventional three-dimensional seismic data, rapidly cutting a browsing section, roughly observing the existence range of the fault seismic response characteristics of the seismic section, and preliminarily determining the space extension range of the fault to be analyzed, wherein the seismic response characteristics mainly comprise in-phase inversion, in-phase axis wave group dislocation or in-phase axis deflection and the like;
and selecting a seismic data body containing faults according to the longitudinal and transverse extension scale of the reverse faults to be researched, wherein the data body is required to be offset and superimposed with pure wave data.
The specific steps of calibrating the target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting the calibration technology comprise:
selecting a proper well drilling to perform well earthquake calibration, and calibrating and researching the earthquake position of a target layer;
when the drilling disclosure exists in the area of the target layer, the drilling is directly utilized to mark the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer;
when no well drilling occurs in the area where the target layer is located, the patent ZL202210140082.4 or a wave group characteristic analysis method is adopted to calibrate the layer level interface of the target layer.
When the drilling is revealed in the area of the target layer, the specific step of directly calibrating the longitudinal position of the seismic target layer at the well point by using the drilling comprises the following steps:
selecting drilled wells in the space ranges on the two sides of the upper disc and the lower disc of the target fault to lay a foundation for later well shock comparison and crack analysis, wherein the selected wells are required to meet acoustic time difference curves, density curves and shaft imaging logging data containing complete target layers;
generating a synthetic record by utilizing the simulation of the acoustic wave time difference and the density curve, fixing the seismic section, under the constraint of a macroscopic geological structure and drilling layering, selecting a time window range of 1-2 periods by moving the synthetic record up and down, calculating the correlation value between the seismic reflection wave and the synthetic record, and taking the position with the maximum correlation value as the position with the highest wave group similarity, wherein the point is the well vibration matching, so that the longitudinal matching of the drilling layering and the seismic layering is realized;
and calibrating the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer by the single well geological stratification position.
The specific steps of tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by utilizing the seismic stratum interface calibration result comprise:
calibrating well point seismic stratum results aiming at a well earthquake combined target layer, and summarizing the reflection characteristics of the target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group, wherein the reflection characteristics of the target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group comprise polarity, amplitude and continuity;
and (5) tracking, comparing and explaining by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the seismic wave groups of the seismic stratum.
The specific steps for compiling the sensitive attribute plan by utilizing the explained seismic interface and the sensitive attribute include:
extracting sensitive attribute values in a given time window by using a seismic interface, and averaging the attribute values in a limited time window to serve as a sensitive attribute value A at a coordinate point ij I and j are dividedThe counting points are respectively the vertical and horizontal grid counting points of the seismic grid;
discrete point A using the attribute value ij Combining the geodetic coordinates at this point with the attribute value A ij Gridding forms a sensitive property plane distribution map.
The specific steps for compiling the distance from the fault point to the fault development probability curve graph according to the fault control point comprise the following steps:
on the sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram, P is respectively used i Taking a central point as a line segment perpendicular to a fault plane, taking Lmax/2 lengths from two sides of a fault control point, namely an upper disc end and a lower disc end respectively, taking the center of a fault breakpoint as an origin, taking the lower disc end of the fault as negative, taking the upper disc end as positive, taking m points from an upper disc at intervals of one surface element, taking m as Lmax/2, taking the whole and adding 1, and marking as D ij (i∈[1,n]，j∈[1,m])；
The sensitive attribute values of the upper disc layer and the lower disc layer are respectively read, and each repeated point takes the maximum value as a discrete point D of the sensitive attribute value of the fracture zone ij ；
Respectively utilize N P i Discrete point data of line segment vertical to fault plane takes distance from fault origin as transverse axis, and sensitive attribute value discrete point D of broken belt is broken ij For the vertical axis, a graph C of the distance from the break point and the fracture development probability is compiled i (i∈[1,n])。
The specific steps of acquiring the reverse fault fracture zone development curve by utilizing the separation point distance-fracture development probability curve graph include:
n distance from break point-to-break development probability curve C i Overlapping according to coordinates;
analysis of N curves C i If there is a curve inconsistent with the overall trend, discarding as an abnormal curve;
solving a residual break point distance-break development probability curve C i Is equal to line C of AVG ；
For C AVG And carrying out median filtering to eliminate abnormal spike interference, wherein the filtered curve is the fracture zone development curve C of the reverse fault.
The specific step of acquiring the attribute value of the fault-free development influence area comprises the following steps:
aiming at a well drilling area, the sensitive attribute of the fracture-free development position of the target layer can be used as a fracture-free base value D0, and aiming at the well drilling area, the second derivative C' of the fracture zone development curve of the reverse fault is utilized to represent the change inflection point of the fracture development concentration degree;
a second derivative C' graph is compiled, and the two sides of the curve are in a collaborative state;
calibrating C curve point and intersection point D at C sharp point and inflection point respectively 0 This point represents the boundary of the fault zone, and the fracture zone is near the center.
The specific steps of obtaining the width value of the fracture zone of the fault fracture through the second derivative curve of the fracture development probability comprise the following steps: by respectively reading the upper disc D and the lower disc D of the reverse fault 0 The distance from the origin 0 is the broken belt width value of the upper disc and the lower disc of the fault, and the sum of the broken belt widths of the upper disc and the lower disc is the total broken belt width value of the fault.
According to the evaluation method for quantitatively representing the width of the fracture zone of the reverse fault, aiming at the repeated occurrence of the upper and lower disc seismic geologic horizons of the reverse fault, the maximum value is selected, so that the seismic sensitivity attribute value of the core region of the fracture zone is increased, the fault core characteristics are prevented from being omitted due to repeated stratum omission, and the fault core of the fracture zone is further defined; aiming at two possible situations of drilling and drilling without well, obtaining the base value of the sensitive attribute without crack is provided, the quantitative determination of the fracture crack range is realized, the defect of subjectivity of the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone for manual setting is avoided, the distance from the maximum value of the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone to the base value is calculated to be the development width of the fracture zone, and more rigorous basis is provided for well position deployment in oil and gas exploration and development.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing reverse fault fracture zone width of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rapid-cutting view cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing post-stack seismic profiles (a) with stacked fracture sensitivity profiles (b) provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of obtaining a position of sensitive attribute of a fracture zone by superposition of sensitive attribute plane distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an analysis chart of the development width curve of the reverse fracture zone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the preferred amplitude-preserving fidelity seismic data of the present invention, creating a seismic survey work area.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the present invention for calibrating a target seismic geologic horizon interface using a calibration technique.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention for calibrating the longitudinal position of a well point seismic target zone when the target zone has a well zone.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the present invention for tracking and comparing three-dimensional data seismic formations using seismic formation interface calibration results.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the present invention for compiling a sensitive attribute plan using an interpreted seismic interface and sensitive attributes.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a graph of distance from a breakpoint versus probability of fracture development, according to fault control points of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the invention for obtaining a reverse fault fracture zone development curve using a break point distance-fracture development probability graph.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart of acquiring attribute values of an influence region of the tomosynthesis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 13, the invention provides an evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing a fracture zone width of an inverse fault, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preference is given to amplitude-preserving fidelity seismic data, and a seismic research work area is established;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s11, loading conventional three-dimensional seismic data, rapidly cutting a browsing section, roughly observing the existence range of the fault seismic response characteristics of the seismic section, and preliminarily determining the space extension range of the fault to be analyzed, wherein the seismic response characteristics mainly comprise in-phase inversion, in-phase axis wave group misplacement or in-phase axis deflection;
s12, selecting a seismic data body containing faults according to the longitudinal and transverse extension scale of the reverse faults to be researched, wherein the data body is required to be offset and superimposed with pure wave data.
S2, calibrating a target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting a calibration technology;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s21, selecting a proper drilling or outcrop section to carry out fine well earthquake calibration, and calibrating the accurate position of a research target layer on an earthquake section;
s22, when the drilling disclosure exists in the area of the target layer, the drilling is directly utilized to calibrate the longitudinal position of the seismic target layer at the well point;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s221, selecting drilled wells in the space ranges of the two sides of the upper and lower plates of the target fault to lay a foundation for later-stage well shock comparison and crack analysis, wherein the selected wells are required to meet acoustic time difference curves, density curves and shaft imaging logging data containing complete target layers;
s222, generating a synthetic record by utilizing the simulation of the acoustic time difference and the density curve, fixing the seismic section, under the constraint of a macroscopic geological structure and drilling layering, selecting a time window range of 1-2 periods by moving the synthetic record up and down, calculating the correlation value between the seismic reflection wave and the synthetic record, and taking the position with the maximum correlation value as the highest wave group similarity, wherein the point is the well earthquake matching, so that the longitudinal matching of the drilling layering and the seismic layering is realized;
s223, calibrating the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer through the single well geological stratification position.
S23, when no well drilling occurs in the area where the target layer is located, calibrating a layer level interface of the target layer by adopting a patent ZL202210140082.4 or adopting a wave group characteristic analysis method;
the non-well zone is used for calibrating the layer level interface of the target layer through the invention patent ZL202210140082.4 or by adopting a wave group characteristic analysis method.
S3, tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by utilizing the seismic stratum interface calibration result;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s31, calibrating well point seismic stratum results aiming at a well earthquake combined target layer, and summarizing reflection characteristics of a target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group, wherein the reflection characteristics of the target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group comprise polarity, amplitude and continuity;
s32, tracking, comparing and explaining by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the seismic wave groups of the seismic stratum;
and (5) tracking, comparing and explaining by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the seismic wave groups of the seismic stratum. When tracking, the tracking range is ensured to be larger than the maximum distance from the fault to the adjacent fault at the periphery, and the maximum distance is recorded as Lmax; if the three-dimensional area has no fault adjacent to the three-dimensional area, returning to the first adjustment step, adjusting the S3 to be the primary coverage of the whole earthquake area, and tracking the earthquake stratum, wherein the whole three-dimensional area data body needs to be tracked, and Lmax is the maximum value to the boundary.
S4, according to geological laws, the sensitivity attribute of the fracture zone is preferably selected through statistical analysis;
S41-S44 are performed for the investigation region where known wells are present, S43-S44 are performed for the no well region, and fracture development characteristics are summarized, and fracture zone sensitivity properties are preferred.
S41, counting the number of cracks of a target layer by using single-well imaging logging data of upper and lower discs on two sides of a fault, wherein the counted wells ensure that developed cracks and undeveloped cracks are distributed as much as possible;
s42, analyzing the relation between the number of the well cracks and the distance, finding out wells close to the fault non-development cracks, and preliminarily determining the macroscopic range of the fault affected fracture zone;
s43, respectively extracting attributes which are possibly related to fracture zones by utilizing the stratum layers of the objective layer, wherein the attributes comprise seismic coherence, similar attributes and fault probability attributes, so as to form a fracture zone sensitive attribute group;
s44, aiming at the well region, respectively picking up single attribute values in the attribute group at the well point, comparing the known change trend of the crack at the well point with the change trend of the attribute, and preferentially selecting the attribute with the same trend, wherein the attribute with good change dispersion degree of the trend is used as the sensitive attribute A of the fracture breaking zone. Aiming at the non-well region, judging whether the fracture is developed or not according to the mess degree of the seismic reflection at the fault edge, further judging whether the attribute is sensitive or not, if the trend characteristic is obvious, indicating that the seismic attribute has sensitivity to the development of the fracture, comparing and sequencing the sensitivity degree of the attribute, and determining the most sensitive attribute as the sensitivity attribute A of the fracture zone.
S5, utilizing the explained seismic interface and the sensitivity attribute to compile a sensitivity attribute plan;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s51, extracting sensitive attribute values in a given time window by utilizing a seismic interface, and averaging the attribute values in a limited time window to serve as a sensitive attribute value A at a coordinate point ij I and j are the count points of the longitudinal and transverse grids of the seismic grid respectively;
s52 discrete point A using the attribute value ij Combining the geodetic coordinates at this point with the attribute value A ij Gridding forms a sensitive property plane distribution map.
S6, dividing the fault into a plurality of sampling interpretation points in a sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram along the fault trend;
on the sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram, observing the development degree of the associated faults along the fault trend, if the associated faults are more, the distance is properly reduced, more control points are added, and if the associated faults are less, the control points are properly reduced, so that the control points can be ensured to be integralThe individual fault characterizations are clear. In other words, the control point n is generally selected depending on the development intensity of the fracture along the trend associated fault, and the value of n is small if the variation intensity is weak and the value of n is large if the variation intensity is large. These control points are denoted as P i (i∈[1,n]) The fault is divided into n-1 line segments, the distance is required to be ensured to be not more than 1/2 of the length of the associated fault, but the minimum value is not less than 3, and the distance between the line segments is at least more than 2 surface elements.
S7, according to the fault control points, compiling a distance from the break point-fracture development probability curve graph;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s71, on a sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram, taking Pi as a central point as a line segment, taking Lmax/2 length at two sides of a fault control point, namely an upper disc end and a lower disc end respectively, taking the center of a fault breakpoint as an origin, taking the lower disc end of the fault as negative, taking the upper disc end as positive, taking m points from an upper disc at a unit interval, wherein m is Lmax/2, taking the whole and adding 1, and marking as D ij (i∈[1,n]，j∈[1,m])；
S72, respectively reading upper and lower disc layer sensitive attribute values, taking the maximum value of each repeated point as a broken belt sensitive attribute value discrete point D ij ；
S73 utilizes N P respectively i Discrete point data of line segment vertical to fault plane takes distance from fault origin as transverse axis, and sensitive attribute value discrete point D of broken belt is broken ij For the vertical axis, a graph C of the distance from the break point and the fracture development probability is compiled i (i∈[1,n])。
S8, acquiring a reverse fault fracture zone development curve by using a break point distance-fracture development probability curve graph;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
S81N distance from break point-fracture development probability curve C i Overlapping according to coordinates;
s82 analysis of N curves C i If there is a curve inconsistent with the overall trend, discarding as an abnormal curve;
s83, obtaining a residual breakpoint distance-fracture development probability curve C i Is equal to line C of AVG ；
S84 to C AVG And carrying out median filtering to eliminate abnormal spike interference, wherein the filtered curve is the fracture zone development curve C of the reverse fault.
S9, acquiring attribute values of a fault-free development influence area;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s91, aiming at a well drilling area, the sensitive attribute of the fracture-free development part of the target layer can be used as a fracture-free basic value D 0 Aiming at a drilling-free area, a second derivative C' is calculated by utilizing a fracture zone development curve of an inverse fault, and a fracture development concentration degree change inflection point is represented;
s92, compiling a second derivative C' graph, wherein the two sides of the curve are in a collaborative state;
s93 respectively calibrating C curve point intersection point D at C sharp point inflection point 0 This point represents the boundary of the fault zone, and the fracture zone is near the center.
S10, obtaining a fault fracture breaking belt width value through a fracture development probability second derivative curve;
the method comprises the following steps: by respectively reading the upper disc D and the lower disc D of the reverse fault 0 The distance from the origin 0 is the broken belt width value of the upper disc and the lower disc of the fault, and the sum of the broken belt widths of the upper disc and the lower disc is the broken belt width value of the fault.
For a better understanding of the present invention, a specific example is described below, and the process flow is specifically as follows:
taking a certain region of Sichuan basin Shunan as an example in the embodiment, after loading conventional three-dimensional seismic data, as shown in fig. 2, rapidly cutting a browsing section, wherein an F5 fault is taken as a research object, and the response characteristic of the fault is mainly a phase-axis wave group fault section and a deflection characteristic; and (3) researching the longitudinal and transverse extension scale of the F5 reverse fault according to the requirement, selecting a fault response range of 200 lines of transverse lines and 300 lines of longitudinal lines, and researching that the adopted data is prestack time offset superposition pure wave data.
According to the macroscopic feature of the Sichuan basin, the layer is reflected by two peaks and one trough, thick-layer clastic rock is arranged on the layer, the layer is reflected into medium continuous weak reflection, the medium continuous weak reflection is generalized to an embodiment block, the deposition environment is unchanged, and the layer is reflected by strong continuous peaks, as shown in fig. 2, so that the longitudinal position of the seismic target layer can be determined by using the method.
And the strong continuous wave peak reflection is taken as the reflection characteristic of the target layer earthquake in-phase axis wave group. Further, by utilizing the reflection of two peaks and one valley, the peak is selected, and the reflection characteristic tracking, comparison and interpretation of the earthquake wave group of the earthquake stratum are carried out. The tracking should ensure that the tracking range is greater than 3000m from the present fault to the adjacent fault at the periphery, and in this embodiment, for better representation, the seismic stratum is further tracked to the entire 200×300 channels area.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3b, according to the fact that the seismic reflection disorder degree of the fault edge is moderate, the fracture characteristic trend characteristics are not obvious, the fault probability data trend is consistent with the section of fig. 3, the seismic attribute has sensitivity to crack development and can be used for representing the fracture zone development rule, and the attribute value is determined to be fracture zone sensitivity attribute A.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3b, according to the fact that the seismic reflection disorder degree of the fault edge is moderate, the fracture characteristic trend characteristics are not obvious, the fault probability data trend is consistent with the section of fig. 3, the seismic attribute has sensitivity to crack development and can be used for representing the fracture zone development rule, and the attribute value is determined to be fracture zone sensitivity attribute A.
Extracting sensitive attribute values in a 20ms time window by using a seismic stratum, and averaging the attribute values in a limited time window to obtain a sensitive attribute value A at a coordinate point ij I and j are 200×300 longitudinal and transverse grid count points of the seismic grid respectively; further, the point A is discrete by using the attribute value ij (i∈[1,200]，j∈[1,300]) The meshing forms a sensitive property plane profile as shown in fig. 4.
According to the plane change condition of the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone shown in fig. 4 in the embodiment, 6 points are selected along the fault trend, the size of 22 surface elements of the seismic data is the interval, and the points P are uniformly selected.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the line segments are perpendicular to the fault plane with the scattered points in P as the center points, and the two sides of the break point, namely the upper and lower disc endsTaking 1500m respectively, taking the center of a fault breakpoint as 0 point, taking the lower disc end of the fault as negative, taking the upper disc end as positive, and taking 59 points from the upper disc at intervals of one bin; further, discrete points D are read separately ij (i∈[1,6]，j∈[1,60]) The fracture zone sensitivity attribute value of F5 fault upper disc and lower disc have coincidence zone, take its maximum value. Further, 6P are utilized respectively i (i∈[1,6]) And (3) the discrete point data of the line segment perpendicular to the fault plane takes the distance from the fault origin as a horizontal axis and the discrete point of the sensitive attribute value of the fracture zone as a vertical axis, and a graph of the distance from the fault point and the fracture development probability is compiled (figure 5 a).
As shown in fig. 5a, 6 separation point distance-fracture development probability curves are superimposed according to coordinates; further, analyzing the fluctuation trend of the curves in fig. 5a, it can be seen that there is a curve with a curve which is obviously inconsistent with the trend of other curves, and the curve is discarded as an abnormal curve, so as to obtain fig. 5b; further, as shown in fig. 5c, the mean line of 5 distance-break development probability curves from the break point is obtained; further, as shown in fig. 5d, the mean value of the mean line is filtered to eliminate abnormal spike interference, and the filtered curve is the fracture zone development curve of the reverse fault.
Calculating a second derivative by using a fracture zone development curve of the reverse fault, and representing the fracture development concentration degree; further, as shown in FIG. 5e, a second derivative graph is compiled, which is generally in a collaborative state on both sides of the upper and lower plates; further, the C curve point intersection points 0.31 and 0.22 at the point of the C sharp point are marked, the points represent the boundary of a fault development zone, and the fracture breaking zone is close to the center.
In this embodiment, by reading the abscissa corresponding to the two spikes as-177 and 166, that is, the corresponding lower disc breaking belt influence width is 177m, the upper disc breaking belt influence width is 166m, and the total breaking influence width is 343m.
According to the evaluation method for quantitatively representing the width of the fracture zone of the reverse fault, aiming at the repeated occurrence of the upper and lower disc seismic geologic horizons of the reverse fault, the maximum value is selected, so that the seismic sensitivity attribute value of the core region of the fracture zone is increased, the fault core characteristics are prevented from being omitted due to repeated stratum omission, and the fault core of the fracture zone is further defined. Aiming at two possible situations of drilling and drilling without well, obtaining the base value of the sensitive attribute without crack is provided, the quantitative determination of the fracture crack range is realized, the defect of subjectivity of the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone for manual setting is avoided, the distance from the maximum value of the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone to the base value is calculated to be the development width of the fracture zone, and more rigorous basis is provided for well position deployment in oil and gas exploration and development.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the procedures described above can be performed according to the equivalent changes of the claims, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preferably, the amplitude-preserving fidelity seismic data are selected, and a seismic research work area is established;
calibrating a target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting a calibration technology;
tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by using the seismic stratum interface calibration result;
according to geological laws, the sensitive attribute of the fracture zone is preferably selected through statistical analysis;
utilizing the explained seismic interface and the sensitivity attribute to compile a sensitivity attribute plan;
dividing a fault into a plurality of sampling interpretation points in a sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram along the trend of the fault;
according to the fault control points, compiling a graph of distance from the break point and fracture development probability;
acquiring a reverse fault fracture zone development curve by using a break point distance-fracture development probability curve graph;
acquiring attribute values of a fault-free development influence area;
and obtaining the width value of the fracture zone of fracture by using a fracture development probability second derivative curve.
2. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that,
the preferred fidelity seismic data comprises the following specific steps of:
loading conventional three-dimensional seismic data, rapidly cutting a browsing section, roughly observing the existence range of the fault seismic response characteristic of the seismic section, and preliminarily determining the space extension range of the fault to be analyzed, wherein the seismic response characteristic mainly comprises in-phase inversion, in-phase axis wave group dislocation or in-phase axis deflection;
and selecting a seismic data body containing faults according to the longitudinal and transverse extension scale of the reverse faults to be researched, wherein the data body is required to be offset and superimposed with pure wave data.
3. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that,
the specific steps of calibrating the target earthquake geological horizon interface by adopting the calibration technology comprise:
selecting a proper drilling or outcrop section to carry out fine well earthquake calibration, and calibrating the accurate position of a research target layer on an earthquake section;
when the drilling disclosure exists in the area of the target layer, the drilling is directly utilized to mark the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer;
when no well drilling occurs in the area where the target layer is located, the patent ZL202210140082.4 or a wave group characteristic analysis method is adopted to calibrate the layer level interface of the target layer.
4. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 3,
the specific steps of directly calibrating the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer by using the drilling when the drilling is revealed in the area of the target layer comprise the following steps:
selecting drilled wells in the space ranges on the two sides of the upper disc and the lower disc of the target fault to lay a foundation for later well shock comparison and crack analysis, wherein the selected wells are required to meet acoustic time difference curves, density curves and shaft imaging logging data containing complete target layers;
generating a synthetic record by utilizing the simulation of the acoustic wave time difference and the density curve, fixing the seismic section, under the constraint of a macroscopic geological structure and drilling layering, selecting a time window range of 1-2 periods by moving the synthetic record up and down, calculating the correlation value between the seismic reflection wave and the synthetic record, and taking the position with the maximum correlation value as the position with the highest wave group similarity, wherein the point is the well vibration matching, so that the longitudinal matching of the drilling layering and the seismic layering is realized;
and calibrating the longitudinal position of the well point seismic target layer by the single well geological stratification position.
5. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that,
the specific steps of tracking and comparing the three-dimensional data seismic stratum by utilizing the seismic stratum interface calibration result include:
calibrating well point seismic stratum results aiming at a well earthquake combined target layer, and summarizing the reflection characteristics of the target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group, wherein the reflection characteristics of the target layer seismic reflection phase-axis wave group comprise polarity, amplitude and continuity;
and (5) tracking, comparing and explaining by utilizing the reflection characteristics of the seismic wave groups of the seismic stratum.
6. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that,
the specific steps for compiling the sensitive attribute plan by utilizing the interpreted seismic interface and the sensitive attribute include:
extracting sensitive attribute values in a given time window by using a seismic interface, and averaging the attribute values in a limited time window to serve as a sensitive attribute value A at a coordinate point ij I and j are the count points of the longitudinal and transverse grids of the seismic grid respectively;
discrete point A using the attribute value ij In combination with the pointGeodetic coordinates and attribute values A at ij Gridding forms a sensitive property plane distribution map.
7. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that,
the specific steps for compiling the distance from the break point to the break development probability curve graph according to the fault control point comprise the following steps:
on the sensitive attribute plane distribution diagram, P is respectively used i Taking a central point as a line segment perpendicular to a fault plane, taking Lmax/2 lengths from two sides of a fault control point, namely an upper disc end and a lower disc end respectively, taking the center of a fault breakpoint as an origin, taking the lower disc end of the fault as negative, taking the upper disc end as positive, taking m points from an upper disc at intervals of one surface element, taking m as Lmax/2, taking the whole and adding 1, and marking as D ij (i∈[1,n]，j∈[1,m])；
The sensitive attribute values of the upper disc layer and the lower disc layer are respectively read, and each repeated point takes the maximum value as a discrete point D of the sensitive attribute value of the fracture zone ij ；
Respectively utilize N P i Discrete point data of line segment vertical to fault plane takes distance from fault origin as transverse axis, and sensitive attribute value discrete point D of broken belt is broken ij For the vertical axis, a graph C of the distance from the break point and the fracture development probability is compiled i (i∈[1,n])。
8. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 7,
the specific steps of obtaining the reverse fault fracture zone development curve by utilizing the separation point distance-fracture development probability curve graph include:
n distance from break point-to-break development probability curve C i Overlapping according to coordinates;
analysis of N curves C i If there is a curve inconsistent with the overall trend, discarding as an abnormal curve;
solving a residual break point distance-break development probability curve C i Is equal to line C of AVG ；
For C AVG And carrying out median filtering to eliminate abnormal spike interference, wherein the filtered curve is the fracture zone development curve C of the reverse fault.
9. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that,
the specific steps for acquiring the attribute value of the fault-free development influence area comprise the following steps:
for a well zone, the sensitive attribute of the fracture-free development part of the target layer can be used as a fracture-free basic value D 0 Aiming at a drilling-free area, a second derivative C' is calculated by utilizing a fracture zone development curve of an inverse fault, and a fracture development concentration degree change inflection point is represented;
a second derivative C' graph is compiled, and the two sides of the curve are in a collaborative state;
calibrating C curve point and intersection point D at C sharp point and inflection point respectively 0 This point represents the boundary of the fault zone, and the fracture zone is near the center.
10. An evaluation method for quantitatively characterizing the width of a fracture zone of an inverse fault as claimed in claim 9,
the specific steps of obtaining the width value of the fracture zone of the fault fracture through the second derivative curve of the fracture development probability comprise the following steps: by respectively reading the upper disc D and the lower disc D of the reverse fault 0 The distance from the origin 0 is the broken belt width value of the upper disc and the lower disc of the fault, and the sum of the broken belt widths of the upper disc and the lower disc is the total broken belt width value of the fault.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311300191.9A CN117348063B (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2023-10-09 | Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311300191.9A CN117348063B (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2023-10-09 | Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117348063A true CN117348063A (en) | 2024-01-05 |
| CN117348063B CN117348063B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
Family
ID=89356882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311300191.9A Active CN117348063B (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2023-10-09 | Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117348063B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2433425C2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-11-10 | Юрий Николаевич Жуков | Method for seismic prospecting hydrocarbons and method of determining attitude of producing formations on hydrocarbons and seismic station for realising said method |
| WO2019217480A1 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | Seismos, Inc. | Determining fracture properties using injection and step-rate analysis, dynamic injection test analysis |
| CN112395745A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Underground river reservoir body geological model establishing method and processing equipment |
| CN114578445A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining fracture position based on gravity data |
| CN115166853A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas reservoir natural fracture model establishing method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
-
2023
- 2023-10-09 CN CN202311300191.9A patent/CN117348063B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2433425C2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-11-10 | Юрий Николаевич Жуков | Method for seismic prospecting hydrocarbons and method of determining attitude of producing formations on hydrocarbons and seismic station for realising said method |
| WO2019217480A1 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | Seismos, Inc. | Determining fracture properties using injection and step-rate analysis, dynamic injection test analysis |
| CN112395745A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Underground river reservoir body geological model establishing method and processing equipment |
| CN114578445A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining fracture position based on gravity data |
| CN115166853A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas reservoir natural fracture model establishing method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ZIKANG XIAO等: "A fracture identification method for low-permeability sandstone based on R/S analysis and the finite difference method: A case study from the Chang 6 reservoir in Huaqing oilfield, Ordos Basin", JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 174, 8 December 2018 (2018-12-08), pages 1169 - 1178, XP085585750, DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.12.017 * |
| 许文强: "巨野煤田重力场与构造特征", 当代化工, vol. 43, no. 12, 31 December 2014 (2014-12-31), pages 2706 - 2709 * |
| 许文强;: "巨野煤田重力场与构造特征", 当代化工, no. 12 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117348063B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4969130A (en) | System for monitoring the changes in fluid content of a petroleum reservoir | |
| US7349807B2 (en) | Quantitative risk assessment applied to pore pressure prediction | |
| AU742887B2 (en) | Hydrocarbon edge detection using seismic amplitude | |
| WO2008124759A1 (en) | Location of a microseismic event using the combination of a vsp array and a surface array | |
| CN110424955B (en) | Internal diving method for complex broken block | |
| Robertson | Reservoir management using 3D seismic data | |
| CN111679343B (en) | Earthquake electromagnetic composite data acquisition system and underground reservoir oil and gas reserves prediction method | |
| Hosseinzadeh et al. | Discrete fracture modeling by integrating image logs, seismic attributes, and production data: a case study from Ilam and Sarvak Formations, Danan Oilfield, southwest of Iran | |
| Nejadi et al. | Look ahead of the bit while drilling: Potential impacts and challenges of acoustic seismic while drilling in the mcmurray formation | |
| CN112505754B (en) | Method for collaborative partitioning sedimentary microfacies by well-seismic based on high-precision sequence grid model | |
| US20180231678A1 (en) | Method of time-lapse monitoring using seismic waves | |
| CN117348063B (en) | Evaluation method for quantitatively representing width of reverse fault fracture zone | |
| NO344460B1 (en) | Methods and systems for identifying and plugging subterranean conduits | |
| Nanda | Evaluation of High-Resolution 3D and 4D Seismic Data | |
| Wood | Expanding role of borehole image logs in reservoir fracture and heterogeneity characterization: A review. | |
| Nanda | Seismic pitfalls | |
| Lacazette et al. | Passive Seismic Methods for Unconventional Resource Development | |
| Nanda | Borehole seismic techniques | |
| Adlakha | Fracture analysis and modelling of the South Arne field | |
| Cant | Subsurface sedimentology | |
| Konushenko et al. | The Complex Approach to Seismic Researches at Studying of a Nonconventional Reservoir | |
| Hunter et al. | The optimum offset shallow seismic reflection technique | |
| Matthys | Integrated Reservoir Analysis of the Oligocene, Frio Formation 10-A Reservoir Sand at Rita Field, Kenedy County, Texas | |
| Koehl | Investigating an Apparent Structural High in Seismic Data in North Terre Haute, Indiana, Through First-Arrival Traveltime Tomography and Gravity Analysis | |
| Hardanto et al. | The Power of Predictive Analytics in Oil Field Development: Integrating Machine Learning with Reservoir Hydrocarbon Data to Enable Enhanced Oil Recovery of Hugin Formation within the Theta Vest Structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |