CN117344231A - Iron-nickel alloy powder and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Iron-nickel alloy powder and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117344231A CN117344231A CN202311358441.4A CN202311358441A CN117344231A CN 117344231 A CN117344231 A CN 117344231A CN 202311358441 A CN202311358441 A CN 202311358441A CN 117344231 A CN117344231 A CN 117344231A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical group [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
- B22F9/22—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds using gaseous reductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal powder, and discloses iron-nickel alloy powder, a preparation method and application thereof. The iron-nickel alloy powder comprises, by weight, 25-65% of Fe and 35-75% of Ni. The invention adopts the water atomization method to prepare the iron-nickel alloy powder, and the prepared iron-nickel alloy powder can overcome the problem of component segregation by controlling the content ratio of iron and nickel, so that the performances of sintering size precision, strength, hardness and the like are improved when the iron-nickel alloy powder is applied to an iron-based powder metallurgy product. And the bad problems of burst or salient point and the like caused by sintering of the product are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal powder, and particularly relates to iron-nickel alloy powder, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The iron-based powder metallurgy part mainly comprises iron-based alloy powder, and the components and the proportions of the iron-based alloy powder in the prior art are as follows: cu 1-4wt%, ni 1-4wt%, C0-0.8wt% and Fe as the rest. Wherein Fe is mainly added in the form of water atomized iron powder (particle size of 38-150 μm), cu is mainly added in the form of electrolytic copper powder (particle size of less than 74 μm), ni is carbonyl nickel powder (D50: 1-10 μm, average density: 1.50-2.50 g/cm) 3 ) The raw materials are mainly added.
Compared with iron powder, the carbonyl nickel powder has the advantages of fine granularity, small loose ratio and high sintering activity, and is favorable for sintering diffusion. However, the raw materials have serious segregation of the nickel carbonyl powder components during the mixing process, and further cause defects of unstable sintering size, large deviation of dimensional accuracy, low sintering strength and the like.
In addition, because the sintering activity of the carbonyl nickel powder is high, the sintering burst or poor bump of the product is easily caused in the sintering process of the iron-based powder metallurgy part, the product quality is influenced, and the product is scrapped.
In order to solve the problem, the segregation problem of carbonyl nickel powder is mainly improved by adjusting the powder mixing process in the iron-based powder metallurgy product factory at present, but the problem cannot be fundamentally solved.
Therefore, it is needed to provide a new iron-nickel alloy powder, which solves the defects of unstable sintering size, large deviation of dimensional accuracy, low sintering strength and the like caused by serious segregation of carbonyl nickel powder components.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides iron-nickel alloy powder, and a preparation method and application thereof. The iron-nickel alloy powder disclosed by the invention can solve the defects of unstable sintering size, large size precision deviation, low sintering strength and the like caused by serious segregation of carbonyl nickel powder components, and also can improve the defects of burst, salient point and the like caused by sintering of products.
The invention is characterized in that: the invention adopts the water atomization method to prepare the iron-nickel alloy powder, and the prepared iron-nickel alloy powder can overcome the problem of component segregation by controlling the content ratio of iron and nickel, so that the performances of sintering size precision, strength, hardness and the like are improved when the iron-nickel alloy powder is applied to an iron-based powder metallurgical product.
A first aspect of the invention provides an iron-nickel alloy powder.
Specifically, the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises, by weight, 25-65% of Fe and 35-75% of Ni.
Preferably, the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises 30-60% of Fe and 40-70% of Ni in parts by weight; further preferable is Fe 40-50%: ni 50-60%, more preferably Fe45% and Ni55%.
Preferably, the fluidity of the iron-nickel alloy powder is 33-35s/50g, preferably 33.6-34.2s/50g.
Preferably, the iron-nickel alloy powder has a Latorrado value of 0.65-0.68%.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing an iron-nickel alloy powder.
Specifically, the preparation method of the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing Fe and Ni according to the mass ratio of 25-65:35-75, mixing and smelting, standing and deslagging to obtain an alloy melt;
(2) Pouring the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into equipment, enabling the alloy melt to flow out from the bottom of the equipment, atomizing water, dehydrating to obtain a semi-finished product, carrying out reduction reaction on the semi-finished product in a reducing atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain the iron-nickel alloy powder.
Preferably, in the step (1), the Fe is industrially pure iron; it is further preferred that the purity of the industrially pure iron is more than 99.90wt%, for example 99.99wt%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the Ni is an electrolytic nickel plate; it is further preferred that the electrolytic nickel plate has a purity of greater than 99.90wt%, for example 99.99wt%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of Fe to Ni is 30-60:40-70, preferably 40-50:50-60, more preferably 45:55.
preferably, in the step (1), after the mixed smelting, a deslagging agent and a deoxidizing agent are added.
Preferably, the deslagging agent comprises calcium silicate particles.
Preferably, the deoxidizer comprises metallic silicon.
Preferably, the slag remover is added in an amount of 0.25 to 0.45%, more preferably 0.30 to 0.40%, and still more preferably 0.35% of the total mass of iron and nickel.
Preferably, the deoxidizer is added in an amount of 0.15 to 0.45%, more preferably 0.20 to 0.40%, and still more preferably 0.30% of the total mass of iron and nickel.
Preferably, in step (1), the temperature of the mixed smelting is 1650-1700 ℃, more preferably 1660-1690 ℃, and even more preferably 1670-1680 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the time for the standing is 1 to 3min, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5min, and still more preferably 2min.
Preferably, in step (2), the apparatus comprises a tundish. The tundish is a common pouring device.
Preferably, in step (2), the alloy melt is cast at a temperature of 1630-1680 ℃, more preferably 1640-1670 ℃, and even more preferably 1650-1660 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the alloy melt flows out from the bottom of the device through a flow guide pipe, and the flow guide pipe is made of corundum or zirconia, and more preferably made of zirconia.
Preferably, the diameter of the draft tube is 3.0-7.0mm, more preferably 4.0-6.0mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pressure of the water atomization is 20 to 60MPa, more preferably 25 to 55MPa, and still more preferably 30 to 50MPa.
Preferably, in step (2), the water atomization has an atomization water temperature of 0-30 ℃, more preferably 10-30 ℃, and even more preferably 15-25 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the semi-finished product obtained by dehydration is a semi-finished product obtained by centrifugal dehydration, and the water content of the semi-finished product after centrifugal dehydration is controlled to be 3-8wt%, and more preferably 4.5-6.5wt%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen.
Preferably, in the step (2), the flow rate of the reducing atmosphere is 4.0-6.5m 3 Preferably 4.5 to 6.0m 3 /h, more preferably 5.5m 3 /h。
Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the reduction reaction is 600 to 800 ℃, more preferably 630 to 770 ℃, and even more preferably 650 to 750 ℃.
Preferably, in step (2), the time of the reduction reaction is 2.5 to 4.5 hours, more preferably 3.0 to 4.0 hours, and still more preferably 3.5 hours.
Preferably, in step (2), the screening is performed through a 100-325 mesh screen, preferably a 200-325 mesh screen, more preferably a 250 mesh screen.
A third aspect of the invention provides the use of an iron-nickel alloy powder.
The application of iron-nickel alloy powder in preparing iron-based powder metallurgical products.
An iron-based powder metallurgical article comprising the iron-nickel alloy powder described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts the water atomization method to prepare the iron-nickel alloy powder, and the prepared iron-nickel alloy powder can overcome the problem of component segregation by controlling the content ratio of iron and nickel, so that the performances of sintering size precision, strength, hardness and the like are improved when the iron-nickel alloy powder is applied to an iron-based powder metallurgical product. And the bad problems of burst or salient point and the like caused by sintering of the product are also improved.
(2) The iron-nickel alloy powder disclosed by the invention has excellent fluidity, is beneficial to filling a mould and is beneficial to improving the green strength.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples will be presented. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the following examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or may be obtained by methods known in the art unless otherwise specified.
The preparation method of the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing Fe and Ni according to the mass ratio of 25-65:35-75, mixing and smelting, standing and deslagging to obtain an alloy melt;
(2) Pouring the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into equipment, enabling the alloy melt to flow out from the bottom of the equipment, atomizing water, dehydrating to obtain a semi-finished product, carrying out reduction reaction on the semi-finished product in a reducing atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain the iron-nickel alloy powder.
In the step (1), fe is industrial pure iron; it is further preferred that the purity of the industrially pure iron is more than 99.90wt%, for example 99.99wt%.
In the step (1), the Ni is an electrolytic nickel plate; it is further preferred that the electrolytic nickel plate has a purity of greater than 99.90wt%, for example 99.99wt%.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of Fe to Ni is 30-60:40-70, preferably 40-50:50-60, more preferably 45:55.
in the step (1), slag remover and deoxidizer are added after mixed smelting.
The deslagging agent is calcium silicate particles.
The deoxidizer is metallic silicon.
The amount of the slag removing agent added is 0.25 to 0.45% by mass of the total mass of iron and nickel, more preferably 0.30 to 0.40% by mass, still more preferably 0.35% by mass.
The amount of the deoxidizer to be added is 0.15 to 0.45% by mass of the total mass of iron and nickel, more preferably 0.20 to 0.40% by mass, still more preferably 0.30% by mass.
In the step (1), the temperature of the mixed smelting is 1650 to 1700 ℃, more preferably 1660 to 1690 ℃, still more preferably 1670 to 1680 ℃.
In the step (1), the time for the standing is 1 to 3 minutes, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 minutes, still more preferably 2 minutes.
In step (2), the device comprises a tundish. The tundish is a common pouring device.
In step (2), the alloy melt is cast at a temperature of 1630 to 1680 ℃, more preferably 1640 to 1670 ℃, and still more preferably 1650 to 1660 ℃.
In the step (2), the alloy melt flows out from the bottom of the device through a flow guide pipe, and the flow guide pipe is made of corundum or zirconia, and more preferably made of zirconia.
The diameter of the draft tube is 3.0 to 7.0mm, more preferably 4.0 to 6.0mm.
In the step (2), the pressure of the water atomization is 20 to 60MPa, more preferably 25 to 55MPa, still more preferably 30 to 50MPa.
In the step (2), the atomizing water temperature of the water atomization is 0 to 30 ℃, more preferably 10 to 30 ℃, still more preferably 15 to 25 ℃.
In the step (2), the semi-finished product obtained by dehydration is obtained by centrifugal dehydration, and the water content of the semi-finished product after the centrifugal dehydration is controlled to be 3-8wt%, and more preferably 4.5-6.5wt%.
In the step (2), the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen.
In the step (2), the flow rate of the reducing atmosphere is 4.0-6.5m 3 Preferably 4.5 to 6.0m 3 /h, more preferably 5.5m 3 /h。
In the step (2), the temperature of the reduction reaction is 600 to 800 ℃, more preferably 630 to 770 ℃, still more preferably 650 to 750 ℃.
In the step (2), the time for the reduction reaction is 2.5 to 4.5 hours, more preferably 3.0 to 4.0 hours, still more preferably 3.5 hours.
In step (2), the screening is performed through a 100-325 mesh screen, preferably a 200-325 mesh screen, more preferably a 250 mesh screen.
Example 1
The preparation method of the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 80Kg of Fe (industrial pure iron, purity of 99.99 wt%) and 120Kg of Ni (electrolytic nickel plate, purity of 99.99wt%, mass ratio of Fe to Ni of 40:60), putting into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, heating to 1675 ℃ for mixed smelting, adding 600g of silicon-calcium particles and 700g of metal silicon particles after the materials are completely melted, standing for 2min, and taking out slag to obtain alloy melt;
(2) Heating the alloy melt in the step (1) to 1655 ℃, pouring the alloy melt into a tundish, and enabling the alloy melt to flow out of a flow guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish to be atomized by water, wherein the tundish is made of corundum, the diameter of the tundish is 6.0mm, the water atomization pressure is 40MPa, the atomization water temperature is 20 ℃, and a water atomization spray disc is provided with 4 nozzles; after the alloy melt is atomized by water, the alloy melt is broken into alloy powder by high-pressure water, and the alloy powder is cooled and settled in an atomizing tank; centrifugally dewatering the alloy powder to obtain semi-product with water content of 5.5wt%, and reducing the semi-product in reducing atmosphere with hydrogen flow of 5.0m 3 And/h, the temperature of the reduction reaction is 700 ℃, the time of the reduction reaction is 3.5h, then crushing and sieving by a 250-mesh screen to obtain iron-nickel alloy powder (marked as FeNi 60).
Example 2
The preparation method of the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 90Kg of Fe (industrial pure iron, purity of 99.99 wt%) and 110Kg of Ni (electrolytic nickel plate, purity of 99.99wt%, mass ratio of Fe to Ni of 45:55), putting into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, heating to 1670 ℃ for mixed smelting, adding 600g of silicon-calcium particles and 700g of metal silicon particles after the materials are completely melted, standing for 2min, and taking out slag to obtain alloy melt;
(2) Heating the alloy melt in the step (1) to 1650 ℃, pouring the alloy melt into a tundish, and enabling the alloy melt to flow out of a flow guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish to be atomized by water, wherein the tundish is made of corundum, the diameter of the tundish is 6.0mm, the water atomization pressure is 40MPa, the atomization water temperature is 20 ℃, and a water atomization spray disc is provided with 4 nozzles; after the alloy melt is atomized by water, the alloy melt is broken into alloy powder by high-pressure water, and the alloy powder is cooled and settled in an atomizing tank; centrifugally dewatering the alloy powder to obtain semi-product with water content of 5.5wt%, and reducing the semi-product in reducing atmosphere with hydrogen flow of 5.0m 3 And/h, the temperature of the reduction reaction is 700 ℃, the time of the reduction reaction is 3.5h, then crushing and sieving by a 250-mesh screen to obtain the iron-nickel alloy powderMarked FeNi 55).
Example 3
The preparation method of the iron-nickel alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 100Kg of Fe (industrial pure iron, purity of 99.99 wt%) and 100Kg of Ni (electrolytic nickel plate, purity of 99.99wt%, mass ratio of Fe to Ni of 50:50), putting into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, heating to 1675 ℃ for mixed smelting, adding 600g of silicon-calcium particles and 700g of metal silicon particles after the materials are completely melted, standing for 2min, and taking out slag to obtain alloy melt;
(2) Heating the alloy melt in the step (1) to 1655 ℃, pouring the alloy melt into a tundish, and enabling the alloy melt to flow out of a flow guide pipe at the bottom of the tundish to be atomized by water, wherein the tundish is made of corundum, the diameter of the tundish is 6.0mm, the water atomization pressure is 40MPa, the atomization water temperature is 20 ℃, and a water atomization spray disc is provided with 4 nozzles; after the alloy melt is atomized by water, the alloy melt is broken into alloy powder by high-pressure water, and the alloy powder is cooled and settled in an atomizing tank; centrifugally dewatering the alloy powder to obtain semi-product with water content of 5.5wt%, and reducing the semi-product in reducing atmosphere with hydrogen flow of 5.0m 3 And/h, the temperature of the reduction reaction is 700 ℃, the time of the reduction reaction is 3.5h, then crushing and sieving by a 250-mesh screen to obtain iron-nickel alloy powder (marked as FeNi 50).
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a commercially available nickel carbonyl powder of gold Sichuan.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of Fe to Ni is controlled to 80:20 (i.e., 160Kg of commercially pure iron and 40Kg of electrolytic nickel plate), the other processes were the same as in example 1, and the iron-nickel alloy powder prepared in comparative example 2 was designated as FeNi20.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of Fe to Ni is controlled to 10:90 (i.e., 20Kg of industrially pure iron and 180Kg of electrolytic nickel plate), the other processes were the same as in example 1, and the iron-nickel alloy powder prepared in comparative example 3 was designated as FeNi90.
Product effect test
According to FN0205 material mark in MPIF, preparing mixed powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises the following components: 95.5wt% Fe powder+2 wt% Cu powder+2 wt% comparative example 1 Kingchuan carbonyl nickel powder+0.5 wt% C powder. In addition, 0.8% of lubricant by weight of the mixed powder is added into the mixed powder, and the lubricant is zinc stearate.
In addition, the iron-nickel alloy powders prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 2 to 3 were used in place of the above comparative example 1 Kingchuan carbonyl nickel powder, respectively, to obtain corresponding mixed powders.
The mixed powder required for the test was obtained by V-type mixing, and Flowability (FR), compressibility (GD) and a ratola value (RTV) of the mixed powder were measured (flowability reference test standard: GB/T1482-2010, ratola value reference test standard: GB/T11105-2012, compressibility reference test standard: GB/T1481-2012), and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: comparative examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 powder characteristics of the mixed powder
As is clear from Table 1, the fluidity of the iron-based mixed powder corresponding to examples 1 to 3 was significantly improved, but the compressibility was reduced, as compared with the nickel carbonyl powder of comparative example 1. This is because the hardness of the water atomized iron-nickel alloy powder is higher than that of the carbonyl nickel powder, resulting in a decrease in compressibility of the iron-based mixed powder. The fluidity and compressibility of the fluidity of the iron-based mixed powder corresponding to examples 1 to 3 were improved. Both the fluidity and the compressibility of comparative example 2 were deteriorated.
Forming the mixed powder into a circular ring with the diameter of 38, 25 and 10mm, and forming the density of 7.00g/cm 3 Sintering condition 1120 ℃ for 30min to prepare an iron-based powder metallurgy product, and then detecting the relative standard deviation of the sintering dimensional change rate, sintering hardness and compression ring strength (compression ring strength reference test standard: GB/T6804-2008, dimensional change rate reference test standard: GB/T5159-20)11, sintering hardness reference test standard: GB/T9097-2016) and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: comparative examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 powder mix sintering properties
As is clear from Table 2, examples 1 to 3 have significantly smaller standard deviations in size for the iron-based powder metallurgy sintered body than the nickel carbonyl powder of comparative example 1, and have improved sintering hardness and strength.
Examples 1-3 compare with comparative example 3, it can be seen that when the nickel proportion in the iron-nickel alloy powder is too high (90% ni), sintering diffusion is not favored, resulting in low sintering strength of the iron-based powder metallurgical product. The comparative example 2 has a relatively large standard deviation of the sintering dimensional change rate and poor sintering stability.
Examples 1-3 did not suffer from the undesirable problems of "popping" or "bumps".
The above-described embodiments will allow a more complete understanding of the present invention to be obtained by those skilled in the art, but do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or substituted and that all modifications and improvements made thereto without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The iron-nickel alloy powder is characterized by comprising, by weight, 25-65% of Fe and 35-75% of Ni.
2. The iron-nickel alloy powder according to claim 1, comprising, in weight fraction, 30-60% Fe and 40-70% Ni.
3. The iron-nickel alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the flowability of the iron-nickel alloy powder is 33-35s/50g.
4. The iron-nickel alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the iron-nickel alloy powder has a ratolla value of 0.65-0.68%.
5. A method for producing the iron-nickel alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Weighing Fe and Ni according to the mass ratio of 25-65:35-75, mixing and smelting, standing and deslagging to obtain an alloy melt;
(2) Pouring the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into equipment, enabling the alloy melt to flow out from the bottom of the equipment, atomizing water, dehydrating to obtain a semi-finished product, carrying out reduction reaction on the semi-finished product in a reducing atmosphere, and then crushing and screening to obtain the iron-nickel alloy powder.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of Fe to Ni is 30 to 60:40-70.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), a slag removing agent and a deoxidizing agent are added after the mixed smelting.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the mixed smelting is 1650 to 1700 ℃;
and/or, in the step (2), the pressure of the water atomization is 20-60MPa;
and/or, in the step (2), the atomizing water temperature of the water atomization is 0-30 ℃;
and/or, in the step (2), the semi-finished product is obtained by centrifugal dehydration, and the water content of the semi-finished product after the centrifugal dehydration is controlled to be 3-8wt%;
and/or, in the step (2), the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen;
and/or, in the step (2), the flow rate of the reducing atmosphere is 4.0-6.5m 3 /h；
And/or, in the step (2), the temperature of the reduction reaction is 600-800 ℃;
and/or in the step (2), the time of the reduction reaction is 2.5-4.5h.
9. Use of the iron-nickel alloy powder according to any of claims 1-4 for the manufacture of an iron-based powder metallurgical product.
10. An iron-based powder metallurgical product, characterized in that the raw material composition comprises the iron-nickel alloy powder according to any of claims 1-4.
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