CN117343184A - 靶向bcma低表达肿瘤的纳米抗体及car-t和应用 - Google Patents
靶向bcma低表达肿瘤的纳米抗体及car-t和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及靶向BCMA低表达肿瘤的纳米抗体及CAR‑T和应用。本发明提供一种亲和力适中的抗人BCMA纳米抗体,用该纳米抗体制备得到的CAR‑T细胞对BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤细胞均能发挥杀伤作用。
Description
本申请要求2022年12月6提交的中国发明专利申请【202211579330.1】“靶向BCMA低表达肿瘤的纳米抗体及其制备方法和应用”的优先权,该专利申请以引用方式全文并入。
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及靶向BCMA低表达肿瘤的纳米抗体及CAR-T和应用。
背景技术
B细胞成熟抗原(B-cell maturation antigen,BCMA),也称为肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员17(TNFRS17)或CD269,BCMA是在浆细胞和已分化的浆细胞表面特异性表达的蛋白,由185个氨基酸残基组成了其胞外结构域,在B细胞成熟和分化为浆细胞中起主要作用。BCMA是肿瘤坏死因子超家族的增殖诱号配体(A proliferation-inducing ligand,APRIL)和B细胞活化因子(B-cell activating factor,BAFF)的受体。二者均可触发NF-κB信号传导,增加促存活的BCL-2家族基因的表达和促凋亡基因的下调,此外BCMA可激活JNK、MAPK8信号通路,这些信号通路参与调节体液免疫,B细胞发育和稳态,促进B细胞在不同发育阶段的存活,是调节B细胞增殖、成熟和分化成浆细胞的关键。
多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma,MM)是仅次于非霍奇金淋巴瘤的第二大血液恶性肿瘤,其特征是骨髓中恶性浆细胞异常增生和溶骨性骨病变。相关的临床症状包括溶骨性病变、贫血、肾功能不全、高钙血症、感染和其他相关的器官功能障碍。在正常人体组织中,BCMA蛋白和mRNA几乎只发现在浆细胞上,但其在在浆细胞恶性转化过程中选择性地过度表达,高表达于多发性骨髓瘤细胞表面,并且MM患者的血清中BCMA水平升高,促进肿瘤细胞生长、存活和耐药性的发生,主要通过激活NF-κB、AKT、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、STAT3和MAPK细胞内信号转导级联反应。目前主要的治疗方案包括化疗、自体干细胞移植(ASCT)和新型药物(蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节药物和单克隆抗体(如daratumumab或elotuzumab),这些治疗方案虽然能延缓该病的进展,但MM在很大程度上仍然无法治愈,大多数患者在多线治疗后复发。
1993年在骆驼科动物和鲨鱼的血清中分离出一种仅有重链可变区(variabledomain of the heavy chain of HCAb,VHH)和两个CH2和CH3区的抗体,该抗体被称为单域抗体(singledomain antibody,sdAb),又称纳米抗体,它在分子大小、稳定性、溶解度、穿透性等方面都优于常规抗体。这种纳米抗体单独表达VHH结构,但仍然保留了对原始重链完整的抗原特异性和结合亲和力,是目前已知的可结合抗原的最小抗体片段。因此纳米抗体可在疫苗研发、疾病诊断和治疗中发挥优势。虽然纳米抗体相较于常规抗体具有众多的优点已被广泛证实,但纳米抗体如何在实际临床应用中发挥更好更稳定的作用,目前还有众多疑问未被完全掌握。以及什么类型的纳米抗体具有好的效果目前没有标准的答案,依然需要研究人员付出大量的时间和精力去探索。
综上所述,本领域仍需开发抗BCMA的新纳米抗体及相关应用,以缓解目前医疗技术在治疗多发性骨髓瘤中存在的不足。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有适度亲和力的抗人BCMA纳米抗体及CAR-T和应用,具体方案如下。
一种抗人BCMA纳米抗体,所述抗人BCMA纳米抗体包括重链可变区;所述重链可变区包括骨架区和互补决定区,所述重链可变区的序列如SEQ ID NO.1~10所示。
进一步,所述抗人BCMA纳米抗体的亲和力KD值范围为1.0×10-11~9.1×10-12。
一种靶向多发性骨髓瘤的CAR-T细胞,所述CAR-T细胞包含上述的抗人BCMA纳米抗体。
进一步,所述CAR-T细胞还包括CD8信号肽、铰链区、人源CD8跨膜区、人源4-1BB共刺激信号区和人源CD3ζ信号结构域。
进一步,所述CAR-T细胞靶向BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤细胞。
上述抗人BCMA纳米抗体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以包含人BCMA基因全长序列的质粒为模板,利用真核表达体系制备特异性靶向BCMA的重组蛋白;
步骤2:用步骤1制备的重组蛋白来免疫动物,提取免疫后动物外周血淋巴细胞的总RNA,将所述总RNA反转录为cDNA,再用巢式PCR进行两轮扩增,第一轮巢式PCR扩增的引物如SEQ ID NO.11和SEQ ID NO.12所示;第二轮巢式PCR扩增的引物如SEQ ID NO.13和SEQID NO.14所示,获得纳米抗体基因并克隆至噬菌体展示载体构建噬菌体纳米抗体文库;
步骤3:利用噬菌体展示技术,使用步骤1制备的特异性靶向BCMA重组蛋白淘选步骤2中构建的纳米抗体,并鉴定能特异性结合BCMA蛋白的纳米抗体;
步骤4:将淘选出的特异性靶向BCMA的纳米抗体进行亲和力检测。
进一步,筛选出步骤4中亲和力KD值范围为1.0×10-12~4.0×10-12的纳米抗体。
所述抗人BCMA纳米抗体在制备靶向多发性骨髓瘤、B淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、人类类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症或系统性红斑狼疮的药物中的应用。
所述CAR-T细胞在制备靶向多发性骨髓瘤、B淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、人类类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症或系统性红斑狼疮的药物中的应用。
B细胞激活因子(BAFF;BLyS;TALL-1)和增殖诱导配体(APRIL)是肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)超家族的两个同源成员,其在红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎和其他自身免疫性疾病的病理学中都发挥了一定的作用。现有研究证据表明,骨髓微环境中这两种细胞因子的产生对骨髓瘤细胞的生存和增殖起着关键作用。BAFF和APRIL都是位于骨髓瘤细胞表面跨膜激活剂和钙调节剂,而B细胞成熟抗原(BCMA)是这两个TNF受体家族成员的配体。因此,能够特异性靶向BCMA蛋白的纳米抗体,理论上也可以对所述红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎和其他自身免疫性疾病发挥作。
进一步,所述多发性骨髓瘤包括BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤。
有益技术效果
本发明方法制备得到的纳米抗体,具有适中的亲和力,其制备的CAR-T能对BCMA阳性表达的肿瘤细胞发挥有效的杀伤作用。其中,用本发明提供的纳米抗体制备得到的CAR-T的CAR阳性表达率高达80.1%,远远高于常规CAR的37.1%。
此外,用本发明的纳米抗体制备的CAR-T对BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤细胞均能发挥杀伤作用,甚至对BCMA抗原相对低表达的多发性骨髓瘤细胞能发挥出更好的裂解效率。由此说明本发明提供的纳米抗体及制备的CAR-T能在多发性骨髓瘤及自发性免疫疾病的治疗中发挥巨大的临床潜力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。在所有附图中,类似的元件或部分一般由类似的附图标记标识。附图中,各元件或部分并不一定按照实际的比例绘制。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为通过亲和层析的方式纯化获得高纯度的重组蛋白BCMA-mFc电泳图;
图2为免疫后提取的骆驼血淋巴细胞总RNA,PCR扩增产物电泳图(A:第一轮扩增产物;B:第二轮扩增产物);
图3为将获得的纳米抗体的重组噬菌体上清与包被于酶标板中的BCMA重组蛋白及其他无关抗原共孵育测定OD450 nm的吸光值图;
图4为利用FACS检测BCMA-CAR-T细胞CAR阳性率;
图5为利用FACS进行检测不同多发性骨髓瘤细胞表面BCMA的表达量图;
图6为靶向BCMA的CAR-T和常规CAR-T对骨髓瘤细胞MM.1S的体外杀伤活性;
图7为靶向BCMA的CAR-T和常规CAR-T对骨髓瘤细胞RPMI-8226的体外杀伤活性;
图8为靶向BCMA的CAR-T对骨髓瘤细胞MM.1S和RPMI-8226的体外杀伤活性对比。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本文中“和/或”包括任何和所有一个或多个列出的相关项的组合。
本文中“多个”意指两个或两个以上,即其包含两个、三个、四个、五个等。
需要说明的是,在本文中,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
如在本说明书中使用的,术语“大约”,典型地表示为所述值的+/-5%,更典型的是所述值的+/-4%,更典型的是所述值的+/-3%,更典型的是所述值的+/-2%,甚至更典型的是所述值的+/-1%,甚至更典型的是所述值的+/-0.5%。
在本说明书中,某些实施方式可能以一种处于某个范围的格式公开。应该理解,这种“处于某个范围”的描述仅仅是为了方便和简洁,且不应该被解释为对所公开范围的僵化限制。因此,范围的描述应该被认为是已经具体地公开了所有可能的子范围以及在此范围内的独立数字值。例如,范围的描述应该被看作已经具体地公开了子范围如从1到3,从1到4,从1到5,从2到4,从2到6,从3到6等,以及此范围内的单独数字,例如1,2,3,4,5和6。无论该范围的广度如何,均适用以上规则。
实施例1
本实施例提供BCMA重组蛋白表达载体的构建及其表达、纯化的方法
1.1真核表达载体构建
将人BCMA基因全长序列合成到pMD19-T载体中,以含有BCMA全长基因的质粒为模板,设计引物扩增获得BCMA胞外区(ECD)基因,并利用酶切连接的方式将其克隆至经限制性内切酶PstⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切后的pVax-mFc载体中,转化至DH5α感受态细胞中并通过卡那霉素抗性平板进行筛选,挑取单克隆测序鉴定,构建成功的载体命名为pVax-mFc-BCMA-His。
1.2重组蛋白表达及纯化
将构建成功的重组质粒pVax-mFc-BCMA-His利用转染试剂PEI转染至HEK293T细胞中,表达5天后收集上清,利用Ni胶通过亲和层析的方式纯化获得高纯度的重组蛋白BCMA-mFc,结果如图1所示。所述重组蛋白具有特异性靶向BCMA靶点的作用。
实施例2
抗BCMA蛋白纳米抗体的筛选与制备方法
2.1蛋白乳化及动物免疫
将实施例1中纯化获得的BCMA重组蛋白(以1mg为例)与等体积的氢氧化铝佐剂混合后对骆驼通过颈部皮下进行第一次免疫,然后每隔2周连续免疫4次,冲击免疫后的第7天采集外周抗凝血。
2.2噬菌体抗体文库的构建及抗体筛选
2.2.1外周血淋巴细胞的分离
从骆驼颈部静脉无菌采集200mL外周血,其中包含大量B淋巴细胞,先用等体积的PBS缓冲液稀释。再用Ficoll-Paque Plus淋巴细胞分离液分离获得外周血淋巴细胞,得到的淋巴细胞可直接提取总RNA或冻存于-80℃备用。
2.2.2纳米抗体基因扩增
首先提取淋巴细胞总RNA,以RNA为模板反转录获得cDNA,再以cDNA为模板,利用巢式PCR扩增VHH基因,第一轮扩增引物为CALL001、CALL002(见表1),利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离并回收约700bp片段(图2A);然后以回收的700bp产物为模板进行第二轮PCR扩增,第二轮扩增引物为VHH-FOR、VHH-REV(见表1),利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离并回收400bp片段(图2B)。
表1 VHH基因扩增所需引物序列
引物名称 | 引物序列(5’-3’) | 序列编号 |
CALL001 | GTCCTGGCTGCTCTTCTACAAGG | 11 |
CALL002 | GGTACGTGCTGTTGAACTGTTCC | 12 |
VHH-FOR | CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAG | 13 |
VHH-REV | CTAGTGCGGCCGCTGAGGAGACGGTGACCTGGGT | 14 |
2.2.3噬菌体展示载体的构建
将上述步骤中扩增回收的PCR产物和噬菌体展示载体pMECS均利用限制性内切酶Pst I和Not I双酶切,然后利用T4 DNA连接酶连接。
2.2.4电转及噬菌体抗体文库的收获
将上述步骤中制备获得的连接产物加入TG1感受态细胞中并利用电转仪转化使其进入TG1中,电转完成后加入SOC培养基并于37℃、220rpm培养活化1h,再将上述培养物均匀的涂布于LB/Amp-Glu平板,37℃培养6~8h后,收集菌体并加入无菌甘油使其终浓度为15%,将制备的噬菌体文库保存于-80℃或直接用于后续抗体筛选。
2.2.5特异性纳米抗体的筛选
以制备的噬菌体文库为抗体来源,取20倍库容量的噬菌体文库,加入辅助噬菌体M13K07从而获得表达抗体的重组噬菌体,将其与包被于酶标板中的BCMA重组蛋白孵育后用0.1M Glycine(pH 1.5)进行洗脱,将洗脱液再次感染TG1菌株并于37℃、220rpm培养至对数生长期,加入辅助噬菌体使得抗体展示在其表面。按照上述步骤反复进行3轮筛选后从第三轮筛选制备的菌落平板中挑取单克隆菌落扩大培养,利用单克隆ELISA鉴定其中能够特异性结合BCMA蛋白的纳米抗体,并对其菌落进行测序分析,获得10株抗BCMA的特异性纳米抗体,如表2所示。
表2纳米抗体全序列信息
2.2.6纳米抗体的制备
以2.2.5中含有纳米抗体基因的重组质粒pMECS-Nbs为模板扩增VHH基因并通过酶切连接的方式克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hFc中,构建成功后提取质粒并将其转染至HEK293T细胞中,表达5天后收集上清,利用Ni柱通过亲和层析的方式纯化获得重组纳米抗体。
实施例3
3.1Biacore检测纳米抗体亲和力
将该批纳米抗体分别与包被于CM5芯片上的抗原BCMA-mFc利用Biacore 8k仪器检测结合亲和力,结果如表3所示。本发明中筛选到10株对抗原低表达的肿瘤细胞具有良好的抗肿瘤活性的纳米抗体,KD值范围大约在1.0×10-11~9.1×10-12之间,KD值越大亲和力越低。
表3纳米抗体亲和力数据
备注:1E+05=1×105;1E-05=1×10-5;其他的以此类推
3.2抗BCMA蛋白纳米抗体的特异性分析
通过间接ELISA的方式对纳米抗体与BCMA抗原亲和力进行比较,首先将BCMA重组蛋白包被于96孔酶标板中,封闭完成后将制备的纳米抗体(0.1μg/mL)加入酶标板中,并利用HRP标记的山羊抗人二抗进行检测,结果如图3所示,获得的10株纳米抗体与BCMA蛋白均能够特异性结合,且不与其他无关抗原反应,表明上述纳米抗体均具有良好的特异结合活性。从获得的10株纳米抗体中进一步筛选出NO.5的序列进一步应用。
实施例4
靶向BCMA的嵌合抗原受体修饰的T细胞对不同骨髓瘤细胞的体外杀伤活性分析
使用分子克隆的方法构建表达靶向BCMA的嵌合抗原受体慢病毒表达载体pWPXLD-BCMA-CAR,该CAR片段还包含CD8信号肽、BCMAVHH、铰链区(hinge)、人源CD8跨膜区(TM)、人源4-1BB共刺激信号区、人源CD3ζ信号结构域。本实施例中使用的BCMA VHH为NO.5(SEQ IDNO.5)所示的序列,该序列的CDR区如下表所示。
表4纳米序列的CDR区
本实施例以pWPXLD-BCMA-CAR作为核心质粒,psPAX2、pMD2.G作为辅助质粒,使用磷酸钙转染技术对293T细胞进行转染,包装病毒,使用该病毒制备BCMA-CAR-T细胞,CAR阳性表达率为80.1%;本实施例进一步使用常规的CAR-T作为对照,常规的CAR-T即为不含有本发明所提供的VHH序列,但CAR的其他结构部件与本实施例的BCMA-CAR-T一致,常规CAR的阳性表达率为37.1%;见图4。
用BCMA的流式抗体检测不同多发性骨髓瘤细胞系MM.1S和RPMI-8226的靶抗原BCMA的表达情况,结果如图5所示,虽然2种肿瘤细胞的BCMA表达量均为100%阳性,但是RPMI-8226细胞的BCMA表达量更低。表达值如下表所示。
表5肿瘤细胞上BCMA抗原表达量的平均荧光强度
细胞 | MFI |
MM.1S | 11853 |
RPMI-8226 | 8143 |
以表达荧光蛋白mcherry的多发性骨髓瘤细胞系MM.1S/RPMI-8226作为靶细胞,BCMA-CAR-T细胞作为效应细胞,按照效靶比(E/T)为1/2.5/5:1将CAR-T细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养,使用活细胞工作站监测荧光值表征BCMA-CAR-T细胞的杀伤情况,结果如图6(MM.1S)、图7(RPMI-8226)所示,用本发明的纳米抗体制备得到的BCMA-CAR-T对不同BCMA表达量的多发性骨髓瘤细胞系均具有良好的体外杀伤活性,且随着效靶比的增强而增强。
进一步发现,用本发明的纳米抗体制备得到的BCMA-CAR-T甚至对BCMA抗原表达量更低的肿瘤细胞具有更高的裂解率(图8)。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗人BCMA纳米抗体,其特征在于,所述抗人BCMA纳米抗体包括重链可变区;所述重链可变区包括骨架区和互补决定区,所述重链可变区的序列如SEQ ID NO.1~10所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗人BCMA纳米抗体,其特征在于,所述抗人BCMA纳米抗体的亲和力KD值范围为1.0×10-11~9.1×10-12。
3.一种靶向多发性骨髓瘤的CAR-T细胞,其特征在于,所述CAR-T细胞包含权利要求1所述的抗人BCMA纳米抗体。
4.如权利要求3所述的CAR-T细胞,其特征在于,所述CAR-T细胞还包括CD8信号肽、铰链区、人源CD8跨膜区、人源4-1BB共刺激信号区和人源CD3ζ信号结构域。
5.如权利要求3所述的CAR-T细胞,其特征在于,所述CAR-T细胞靶向BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤细胞。
6.权利要求1所述的抗人BCMA纳米抗体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以包含人BCMA基因全长序列的质粒为模板,利用真核表达体系制备特异性靶向BCMA的重组蛋白;
步骤2:用步骤1制备的重组蛋白来免疫动物,提取免疫后动物外周血淋巴细胞的总RNA,将所述总RNA反转录为cDNA,再用巢式PCR进行两轮扩增,第一轮巢式PCR扩增的引物如SEQ ID NO.11和SEQ ID NO.12所示;第二轮巢式PCR扩增的引物如SEQID NO.13和SEQ IDNO.14所示,获得纳米抗体基因并克隆至噬菌体展示载体构建噬菌体纳米抗体文库;
步骤3:利用噬菌体展示技术,使用步骤1制备的特异性靶向BCMA重组蛋白淘选步骤2中构建的纳米抗体,并鉴定能特异性结合BCMA蛋白的纳米抗体;
步骤4:将淘选出的特异性靶向BCMA的纳米抗体进行亲和力检测。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,筛选出步骤4中亲和力KD值范围为1.0×10-12~4.0×10-12的纳米抗体。
8.权利要求1所述的抗人BCMA纳米抗体在制备靶向多发性骨髓瘤、B淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、人类类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症或系统性红斑狼疮的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求3所述的CAR-T细胞在制备靶向多发性骨髓瘤、B淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、人类类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症或系统性红斑狼疮的药物中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述多发性骨髓瘤包括BCMA抗原高表达和BCMA抗原低表达的多发性骨髓瘤。
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