CN117340042A - Production method for improving yield of difficult-to-deform alloy profile - Google Patents
Production method for improving yield of difficult-to-deform alloy profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN117340042A CN117340042A CN202311258956.7A CN202311258956A CN117340042A CN 117340042 A CN117340042 A CN 117340042A CN 202311258956 A CN202311258956 A CN 202311258956A CN 117340042 A CN117340042 A CN 117340042A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
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- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/30—Finishing tubes, e.g. sizing, burnishing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile, belonging to the technical field of high alloy material processing; the production method comprises the following steps: alloy smelting; solution treatment of electroslag ingots; processing a blank; processing the head pad and the tail pad; the head cushion is welded with the blank; heating the blank; heating the tail pad; performing hot extrusion on the pierced billet; hot continuous rolling; solution heat treatment; cold rolling pretreatment; cold rolling; cold drawing; and (5) finishing treatment. The invention adopts the process route of combining the hollow electroslag ingot, the head and tail pad, the hot extrusion, the hot continuous rolling and the cold processing to produce the difficult-to-deform alloy special-shaped tube, the hollow electroslag ingot blank has no riser, the processing amount is reduced, the expanded metal loss is avoided, the extrusion force is reduced by the head pad, the metal flow uniformity is improved, the whole difficult-to-deform alloy blank is completely extruded by the tail pad, and the cold rolling pass is reduced; the invention improves the production efficiency, greatly improves the material utilization rate, and the produced difficult-to-deform alloy profile has high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality and stable performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high alloy profile processing, in particular to a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile.
Background
The difficult-to-deform alloy mainly refers to nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, the heat conduction performance of the material is only one fourth to one fifth of that of steel, the thermal processing temperature range is within 100 ℃, the deformation resistance is 2 to 3 times that of steel, and the difficult-to-deform alloy has excellent fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and good high-temperature performance, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, nuclear power, medical treatment and the like, and is a key material necessary for important equipment and high-end manufacturing industry;
common special-shaped materials include aluminum alloy, copper alloy, stainless steel, plastic and other materials, and can be formed by rolling, welding or extrusion and other processes; the production process of the nickel-base alloy profile difficult to deform has few reports, can be produced through forging stock-hot extrusion-cold rolling/cold drawing process routes at present, but the traditional production process routes have forging procedures, the riser needs to be cut off, blank hole digging and hot reaming are needed before extrusion, the extrusion process has the problems that the deformation of the head part of the pipe is small, the pipe is easy to crack, the extrusion force is large, the blank remains at the tail part, and the whole pipe cannot be extruded, the small-specification product needs to be produced through a multi-pass cold rolling cold drawing process, the production route is long, the material loss is high, and the yield is low; the nickel-base alloy difficult to deform contains a large amount of noble metal elements such as Cr, ni, mo and the like, and has low material utilization rate, so that energy consumption and resource waste are caused, and the enterprise burden is increased.
In order to further improve the material utilization rate, shorten the production period and reduce the energy consumption, research is needed in terms of forming process, so that a production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile is needed to be designed aiming at the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the traditional production process has the defects of small deformation of the head part of a pipe, easiness in cracking, large extrusion force, blank pressing surplus at the tail part, incapability of completely extruding, requirement for multi-pass cold rolling cold drawing process for producing small-specification products, long production route, higher material loss, low yield and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile comprises the following steps of:
step one, alloy ingot smelting
Vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting are carried out to smelt cylindrical hollow electroslag ingots;
step two, solution treatment of electroslag ingot
Heating electroslag ingots to 1040-1180 ℃ and cooling the water to below 40 ℃ to reduce the contents of intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides;
step three, blank processing
Cutting and blanking an electroslag ingot, turning the inner surface and the outer surface, removing oxide scales, removing defects such as scratches, lathe tool lines and the like, processing chamfer angles at one end of the head to serve as welding grooves, wherein the outer diameter is 5-12 mm smaller than the inner diameter of an extrusion barrel, the inner diameter is 7-15 mm larger than the diameter of a core rod, the length deviation is +/-5 mm, and the perpendicularity of the end face is less than or equal to 1mm;
step four, processing the head cushion and the tail cushion
The head pad and the tail pad are made of low-alloy plain carbon steel;
the outer diameter of the head cushion is the same as the outer diameter of the blank, the inner diameter of the head cushion is the same as the inner diameter of the blank, the length of the head cushion is 50-80 mm, an oblique angle with an angle of 35 DEG is processed at the outer circle of one end of the head cushion, a round angle with a radius of R30mm is processed at the joint of the oblique angle and the outer circle, and a chamfer is processed at the outer circle of the other end of the head cushion to serve as a welding groove;
the outer diameter of the tail pad is 1-3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the blank, the inner diameter of the tail pad is 3-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the blank, the length of the tail pad is 85-99 mm, and a 45-degree chamfer is processed at the position of the inner hole at one end of the tail pad, which is contacted with the blank;
step five, welding the head cushion and the blank
Butt joint is carried out on the chamfer of the head pad and the chamfer of the blank, welding is carried out along the circumferential direction of the groove, and the surface quality is polished after welding, so that the extruded die is prevented from being scratched;
step six, heating the blank
Heating the blank processed in the fifth step to 860-960 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2.5-4 h, and then heating to 1100-1190 ℃ by using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace;
seventh, heating the tail pad
Heating the tail pad to 900-1050 ℃, reducing the plasticity of the tail pad, and avoiding the plasticity exceeding the alloy difficult to deform during extrusion;
step eight, hot extrusion of the pierced billet
The heated blank is extruded into a pierced billet by a 6300 ton horizontal extruder, and the processing procedure comprises:
(1) heating the extrusion barrel to a temperature above 300 ℃, and heating the extrusion die and the core rod to a temperature above 200 ℃;
(2) placing a glass pad for lubrication at the inlet of an extrusion die, and fixing the glass pad with rubber bands;
(3) coating glass powder lubricant on the inner and outer surfaces of the high-temperature blank, then placing the blank and the head pad in an extrusion barrel, enabling the blank and the head pad to face the extrusion direction, enabling the heated tail pad to be attached to the tail of the blank to form a combined blank, and extruding a pierced billet;
(4) the tail pad is automatically separated from the pipe body after extrusion, and the difficult-to-deform alloy materials are completely extruded, so that hot cutting procedures are saved, the yield is improved, and the water cooling is performed after the extrusion of the pierced billet;
step nine, hot continuous rolling
Reducing diameter and wall rolling is carried out at the temperature of 1100-1190 ℃ of the pierced billet, hot continuous rolling longitudinal deformation is carried out by adopting a multi-frame rolling mill, the total hot continuous rolling elongation coefficient is 2.0-6.0, and each frame elongation coefficient is 1.01-1.60;
step ten, solution heat treatment
Preserving heat of the alloy pipe treated in the step nine at 1000-1190 ℃ for 0.4-1.0 h, immersing the alloy pipe in circulating water for cooling after discharging, controlling the time from discharging gate to immersing in water to be below 90s, and controlling the water temperature to be below 50 ℃;
step eleven, cold rolling pretreatment
Straightening, cutting, pickling and grinding;
step twelve, cold rolling
Adopting a periodical cold pilger mill to perform 1-3-pass cold rolling, wherein the deformation of each pass is 25-50%, the feeding amount is 2.5-5.5 mm/time, the rolling speed is 25-50 times/min, cold rolling oil is removed after each pass of cold rolling, and then solution treatment and acid washing are performed;
step thirteen, cold drawing
The inner and outer surfaces of the cold rolled tube after solid solution pickling are coated with butter lime, the thickness is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and drying is carried out; selecting an external mold and an internal mold of a profile with corresponding shapes, adopting a cold drawing process to produce the profile, wherein the cold drawing speed is 0.8-2.0 m/min, and the wall reduction is not more than 1.5mm; solution treatment and acid washing after cold drawing;
fourteen steps of finishing treatment
Correcting, sawing, checking, spraying marks and bundling.
Preferably, the sixth step is an electromagnetic induction heating stage of the blank, and the electromagnetic induction heating is carried out for 2 times before extrusion; heating power of 400 KW-500 KW for the 1 st time, frequency of 35 HZ-60 HZ, temperature of 1060 ℃ -1100 ℃, soaking for 2-4 min; the heating power of the 2 nd time is 600 KW-800 KW, the frequency is 50 HZ-90 HZ, the temperature is 1120 ℃ to 1180 ℃, and the furnace is directly discharged without soaking.
Preferably, the step eight is a step of hot extrusion of the pierced billet, the extrusion die is a flat cone die, the outer contour of the extrusion die is matched with the extrusion die holder structure, the inner cavity is composed of an inlet transition zone, a middle sizing zone and an outlet reverse cone, the total length is 50mm, the length of the middle sizing zone is 8 mm-12 mm, the length of the outlet reverse cone zone is 6 mm-10 mm, the included angle of the extrusion die inlet is 100-120 degrees, the chamfer angle of the outlet is 8-12 degrees, the metal flow stability is improved, and the extrusion force is reduced.
Preferably, the pierced billet is extruded and processed through a horizontal extruder, the main body structure of the horizontal extruder comprises a die tail support, a die middle support and a die holder, the die middle support is fixedly arranged on the side of the die tail support, the die holder is fixedly arranged on the side of the die middle support, a glass pad is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the die holder, an extrusion die and a die support are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the die holder, the die support is attached to the left side of the extrusion die, an extrusion barrel is arranged on the right side of the die holder, the extrusion barrel consists of a shell, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, the glass pad is embedded on the inner side of the inner layer, a mandrel is connected to the inner side of the glass pad in a penetrating manner, the extrusion pad is arranged on the outer side of the end of the mandrel, the extrusion pad is attached to the inner side of the inner layer, the side of the mandrel is connected with a connecting piece, the side of the mandrel is connected with a supporting rod in a threaded manner through the connecting piece, and the outer side of the connecting piece is threaded and is provided with an extrusion rod.
Preferably, the step eight is a pierced billet hot extrusion stage, the coating thickness of the inner lubricating glass powder and the outer lubricating glass powder is 0.1 mm-0.4 mm, the appearance of the glass pad is determined by the working surface of the extrusion die and the front end shape of the blank, the inner hole of the glass pad is 17 mm-26 mm larger than the diameter of the pierced billet, and the thickness of the glass pad is 17 mm-23 mm; the advancing speed of the blank in the extrusion process is 60-180 mm/s, and the ratio of the area of the cross section before extrusion to the area of the cross section after extrusion is 2.5-10.0.
Preferably, the step eleven cold rolling pretreatment, the step twelve cold rolling and the step thirteenth cold drawing are performed in an acid washing process, wherein the concentration of nitric acid in mixed acid is 8% -12%, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is 2% -3%, the balance is water, and the temperature of the mixed acid is 40 ℃ -60 ℃.
Preferably, the step twelve is a cold rolling stage, the cold rolling is applied to a two-roll cold rolling mill, the cold rolling mill comprises an upper roll, a lower roll and a core bar, the upper roll and the lower roll are correspondingly distributed up and down, the core bar is penetrated and embedded between the upper roll and the lower roll, a tube before rolling is sleeved outside the core bar in the cold rolling process, and the tube after rolling is formed after the cold rolling treatment of the upper roll and the lower roll.
Preferably, the thirteenth step is a cold drawing stage, and the ratio of the beef tallow lime is: lime: 3# industrial fat = 10:1.2 to 1.5; mixing water, lime and 3# industrial grease in proportion, fully and uniformly stirring in a stirrer for 15-20 min to obtain a liquid without oil balls, diluting with water to a proper viscosity, and stirring for 10min.
Preferably, the material of the difficult-to-deform alloy is selected from one of the following materials: n06600, N06022, N10276, GH4169, N08825, N06625, N09925, N08028, N06200, N08800, N08020, N08031.
Preferably, the head pad has the functions of improving the stress state of the head of the difficult-to-deform alloy blank, reducing extrusion force and improving deformation and surface quality; the tail pad at the tail end of the blank has the function of enabling the difficult-to-deform alloy to be extruded into a material, and the tail pad carbon steel material is prevented from flowing into the difficult-to-deform alloy pipe when the blank is extruded due to low heating temperature and chamfer on the inner hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the difficult-to-deform alloy special-shaped tube is produced by adopting a process route combining a hollow electroslag ingot, a head and tail pad, hot extrusion, hot continuous rolling and cold processing, and the hollow electroslag ingot blank is free of riser, so that the blank forging process of the traditional process is omitted, the processing amount is reduced, the reaming process before extrusion is omitted, the expanded metal loss is avoided, the head pad has the functions of improving the head stress state of the difficult-to-deform alloy blank, reducing the extrusion force and improving the deformation amount and the surface quality; the tail pad has the function of enabling the difficult-to-deform alloy to be extruded into a material, and the low heating temperature and the chamfer on the inner hole prevent carbon steel materials of the tail pad from flowing into the difficult-to-deform alloy pipe during extrusion; the single-pass deformation is increased by hot continuous rolling, and the cold rolling passes are reduced; the production method improves the production efficiency, greatly improves the utilization rate of the alloy material difficult to deform, and has the advantages of high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality, uniform grains and stable performance of the produced profiled bars.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of a blank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an extruder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the front cross-sectional structure of the extrusion die of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a glass mat according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the front view of the upper and lower rolls of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a rolled pipe according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a head pad; 2. blank material; 3. a tail pad; 11. a mould tail support; 12. supporting in a mould; 13. a die holder; 14. a glass mat; 15. an extrusion die; 16. a die support; 21. an inner layer; 22. an intermediate layer; 23. a housing; 24. extruding the barrel; 31. a core rod; 32. a squeeze pad; 33. a connecting piece; 34. a support rod; 35. an extrusion rod; 36. a core bar; 37. pipe before rolling; 38. rolling the pipe; 39. an upper roller; 40. and (5) a lower roller.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile comprises an extruder and a cold rolling mill;
the main structure of the horizontal extruder comprises a die tail support 11, a die middle support 12 and a die holder 13, wherein the die middle support 12 is fixedly arranged on the side of the die tail support 11, the die holder 13 is fixedly arranged on the side of the die middle support 12, a glass pad 14 is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the die holder 13, an extrusion die 15 and a die support 16 are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the die holder 13, the die support 16 is in fit connection with the left side of the extrusion die 15, an extrusion barrel 24 is arranged on the right side of the die holder 13, the extrusion barrel 24 consists of a shell 23, an intermediate layer 22 and an inner layer 21, the glass pad 14 is embedded on the inner side of the inner layer 21, a core rod 31 is connected with the inner side of the glass pad 14 in a penetrating way, an extrusion pad 32 is arranged on the outer side of the tail end of the core rod 31, the extrusion pad 32 is in fit on the inner side of the inner layer 21, the side of the core rod 31 is connected with a connecting piece 33, the side of the core rod 31 is connected with the support rod 34 in a threaded manner through the connecting piece 33, and the outer side of the connecting piece 33 is in thread fit with an extrusion rod 35;
the die support 16, the die middle support 12 and the die tail support 11 jointly play a role in fixing and supporting the extrusion die 15 and bear extrusion force; the position of the die holder 13 where the extrusion die 15 is placed is designed into a built-in mode, so that the extrusion die 15 is installed from the extrusion side of the pierced billet, the extrusion die 15 is convenient to fix, and the inner cavity of the extrusion die 15 consists of an inlet transition area, a middle sizing area and an outlet reverse cone;
the front end structure shape of the extrusion barrel 24 is designed corresponding to the structure shape of the die holder 13;
the gap between the extrusion rod 35 and the extrusion barrel 24 is 3 mm-5 mm, and the length of the parallel section of the extrusion rod 35 is equal to the length of the extrusion barrel 24;
the core rod 31 supports the maximum outer diameter and the gap between the maximum outer diameter and the inner hole of the extrusion rod 35 is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm, and extrusion force is applied to the high-temperature blank through the extrusion pad 32 to deform the high-temperature blank;
the materials of the extrusion rod 35, the core rod 31 and the extrusion die 15 are hot work die steel H13, the hardness is 48-52 HRC, and during operation, the extrusion rod 35, the core rod 31 and the extrusion barrel 24 are respectively powered by hydraulic cylinders, and the extrusion barrel 24 moves back and forth through a bottom slideway;
the cold rolling mill comprises an upper roller 39, a lower roller 40 and a core bar 36, wherein the upper roller 39 and the lower roller 40 are correspondingly distributed up and down, the core bar 36 is embedded between the upper roller 39 and the lower roller 40 in a penetrating way, in the cold rolling process, a tube 37 before rolling is sleeved outside the core bar 36, and the tube 38 after rolling is formed after cold rolling treatment of the upper roller 39 and the lower roller 40;
example 1
The invention relates to a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile, which is characterized in that the material UNS N08028, the specification of a profile square tube is 150mm multiplied by 9.8mm, and the chemical compositions are shown in table 1.1;
TABLE 1.1 chemical composition of UNS N08028 alloy (mass percent)
| Element(s) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| Actual measurement | 0.022 | 0.28 | 0.91 | 0.015 | 0.0001 | 26.13 | 30.42 | 3.08 |
| Element(s) | Nb | V | Al | Cu | N | O | H | Ti |
| Actual measurement | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.085 | 0.0035 | 0.0008 | 0.03 |
Remarks: the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the forming method of the special-shaped square tube with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 9.8mm comprises the following steps:
step one, alloy ingot smelting
Vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting are carried out to obtain a cylindrical hollow electroslag ingot, wherein the size of the hollow electroslag ingot is blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 380 mm/the inner diameter phi 220mm and the length 2750 mm;
step two, solution treatment of electroslag ingot
Heating electroslag ingots to 1140-1150 ℃ and cooling the water to below 40 ℃ to reduce the contents of intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides;
step three, processing the blank 2
Cutting and blanking an electroslag ingot, turning the inner surface and the outer surface, removing oxide scales, removing defects such as scratches, lathe tool lines and the like, wherein the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, and processing a chamfer angle at one end of the head to serve as a welding groove, wherein the length deviation is +/-5 mm, and the perpendicularity of the end face is less than or equal to 1mm; processing a blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 364 mm/the inner diameter phi 235mm and the length 900 mm;
step four, processing the head cushion 1 and the tail cushion 3
The head pad 1 and the tail pad 3 are made of low alloy plain carbon steel;
the outer diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the head cushion 1 is 50-80 mm, an oblique angle with an angle of 35 DEG is processed at the outer circle of one end of the head cushion 1, a round angle with a radius R of 30mm is processed at the joint of the oblique angle and the outer circle, and a chamfer is processed at the outer circle of the other end of the head cushion 1 to serve as a welding groove;
the outer diameter of the tail pad 3 is 1 mm-3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the tail pad 3 is 3 mm-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the tail pad 3 is 85 mm-99 mm, and a 45-degree chamfer is machined at the position of the inner hole at one end of the tail pad 3, which is in contact with the blank 2;
step five, welding the head cushion 1 and the blank 2
Butt-jointing the chamfer of the head gasket 1 and the chamfer of the blank 2, welding along the circumferential direction of the groove, and polishing the surface quality after welding to avoid scratching the extruded die;
step six, heating the blank 2
Heating the blank 2 processed in the fifth step to 860-960 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2.5-4 h, and then heating to 1100-1190 ℃ by using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace;
step seven, heating the tail pad 3
The tail pad 3 is heated to 900-1050 ℃, the plasticity of the tail pad 3 is reduced, and the plasticity is prevented from exceeding the alloy difficult to deform during extrusion;
step eight, hot extrusion of the pierced billet
The heated billet 2 is extruded into a pierced billet by a 6300 ton horizontal extruder, and the processing procedure comprises:
(1) the extrusion barrel 24 is heated to a temperature above 300 ℃, and the extrusion die 15 and the core rod 31 are heated to a temperature above 200 ℃;
(2) placing a glass pad 14 for lubrication at the inlet of an extrusion die 15, and fixing the glass pad by using rubber bands;
(3) the inner and outer surfaces of the high-temperature blank 2 are coated with glass powder lubricant and then placed into an extrusion barrel 24, the blank 2 and the head pad 1 face towards the extrusion direction, and the heated tail pad 3 is attached to the tail of the blank 2 to form a combined blank, and then a pierced billet is extruded;
(4) the tail pad 3 is automatically separated from the pipe body after extrusion, and the difficult-to-deform alloy materials are completely extruded, so that hot cutting procedures are saved, the yield is improved, and the water cooling is performed after the extrusion of the pierced billet;
the inner diameter of the extrusion barrel 24 is 375mm, the diameter phi of the mandrel 31 is 225.5mm, the inner diameter phi of the extrusion die 15 is 278.5mm, the advancing speed of a blank in the extrusion process is 120-180 mm/s, and the size of an extruded pierced billet after cooling is 273mm multiplied by 25mm in the outer diameter phi;
step nine, hot continuous rolling
Reducing the diameter and reducing the wall of the pierced billet at the temperature of 1160-1190 ℃ and adopting a multi-frame rolling mill to carry out hot continuous rolling longitudinal deformation, wherein the extension coefficient of each frame is 1.01-1.60; rolling to obtain alloy pipe with specification phi 197mm x 14mm;
step ten, solution heat treatment
The alloy tube treated in the step nine is insulated for 0.4 to 1.0 hour at 1140 to 1150 ℃, is immersed into circulating water for cooling after being discharged from a furnace, the time from the discharging gate to the immersing in water is controlled below 90 seconds, and the water temperature is controlled below 50 ℃;
step eleven, cold rolling pretreatment
Straightening, cutting, pickling and grinding;
step twelve, cold rolling
Adopting a periodical cold pilger mill to perform 1-pass cold rolling, feeding 2.5-5.5 mm/time, rolling at 25-50 times/min, removing cold rolling oil after cold rolling, and performing solution treatment and acid washing; the specification phi of the cold-rolled pipe is 168.3mm multiplied by 10.97mm;
step thirteen, cold drawing
The inner and outer surfaces of the cold rolled tube after solid solution pickling are coated with butter lime, the thickness is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and drying is carried out; selecting an external mold and an internal mold of a profile with corresponding shapes, producing the profile by adopting a cold drawing process, wherein the cold drawing speed is 0.8-2.0 m/min, and carrying out solution treatment and acid washing after cold drawing, wherein the specification of the profile square tube is 150mm multiplied by 9.8mm;
fourteen steps of finishing treatment
Correcting, sawing, checking, spraying marks and bundling;
the produced square tube 150mm multiplied by 9.8mm is inspected, and the inspection data are shown in table 1.2;
TABLE 1.2 Properties of the Material UNS N08028 square tube 150 mm. Times.150 mm. Times.9.8 mm
Example 2
The invention relates to a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile, which is characterized in that the material UNS N08825 is adopted, the specification of an equilateral triangle tube of the profile is delta 60mm multiplied by 5mm, and the chemical compositions are shown in table 2.1.
TABLE 2.1 chemical composition/(mass percent) of UNS N08825 alloy material
| Element(s) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| Actual measurement | 0.018 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.006 | 0.0006 | 21.44 | 45.12 | 3.28 |
| Element(s) | Nb | V | Al | Cu | N | O | H | Ti |
| Actual measurement | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 1.98 | 0.012 | 0.0047 | 0.0008 | 0.88 |
Remarks: the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the method for forming the triangular tube specification delta 60mm multiplied by 5mm of the special-shaped material comprises the following steps:
step one, alloy ingot smelting
Vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting are carried out to obtain a cylindrical hollow electroslag ingot, wherein the size of the hollow electroslag ingot is blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 260 mm/the inner diameter phi 104mm and the length 2660 mm;
step two, solution treatment of electroslag ingot
Heating electroslag ingots to 1040-1050 ℃ and cooling the water to below 40 ℃ to reduce the contents of intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides;
step three, processing the blank 2
Cutting and blanking an electroslag ingot, turning the inner surface and the outer surface, removing oxide scales, removing defects such as scratches, lathe tool lines and the like, wherein the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, and processing a chamfer angle at one end of the head to serve as a welding groove, wherein the length deviation is +/-5 mm, and the perpendicularity of the end face is less than or equal to 1mm; processing a blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 247 mm/the inner diameter phi 115mm and the length 660 mm;
step four, processing the head cushion 1 and the tail cushion 3
The head pad 1 and the tail pad 3 are made of low alloy plain carbon steel;
the outer diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the head cushion 1 is 50-80 mm, an oblique angle with an angle of 35 DEG is processed at the outer circle of one end of the head cushion 1, a round angle with a radius R of 30mm is processed at the joint of the oblique angle and the outer circle, and a chamfer is processed at the outer circle of the other end of the head cushion 1 to serve as a welding groove;
the outer diameter of the tail pad 3 is 1 mm-3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the tail pad 3 is 3 mm-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the tail pad 3 is 85 mm-99 mm, and a 45-degree chamfer is machined at the position of the inner hole at one end of the tail pad 3, which is in contact with the blank 2;
step five, welding the head cushion 1 and the blank 2
Butt-jointing the chamfer of the head gasket 1 and the chamfer of the blank 2, welding along the circumferential direction of the groove, and polishing the surface quality after welding to avoid scratching the extruded die;
step six, heating the blank 2
Heating the blank 2 processed in the fifth step to 860-960 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2.5-4 h, and then heating to 1160-1180 ℃ by using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace;
step seven, heating the tail pad 3
The tail pad 3 is heated to 900-1050 ℃, the plasticity of the tail pad 3 is reduced, and the plasticity is prevented from exceeding the alloy difficult to deform during extrusion;
step eight, hot extrusion of the pierced billet
The heated billet 2 is extruded into a pierced billet by a 6300 ton horizontal extruder, and the processing procedure comprises:
(1) the extrusion barrel 24 is heated to a temperature above 300 ℃, and the extrusion die 15 and the core rod 31 are heated to a temperature above 200 ℃;
(2) placing a glass pad 14 for lubrication at the inlet of an extrusion die 15, and fixing the glass pad by using rubber bands;
(3) the inner and outer surfaces of the high-temperature blank 2 are coated with glass powder lubricant and then placed into an extrusion barrel 24, the blank 2 and the head pad 1 face towards the extrusion direction, and the heated tail pad 3 is attached to the tail of the blank 2 to form a combined blank, and then a pierced billet is extruded;
(4) the tail pad 3 is automatically separated from the pipe body after extrusion, and the difficult-to-deform alloy materials are completely extruded, so that hot cutting procedures are saved, the yield is improved, and the water cooling is performed after the extrusion of the pierced billet;
the inner diameter of the extrusion barrel 24 is 255mm, the diameter phi of the mandrel 31 is 104.5mm, the inner diameter phi of the extrusion die 15 is 137.8mm, the advancing speed of a blank in the extrusion process is 60 mm/s-180 mm/s, and the size of an extruded pierced billet after cooling is the outer diameter phi 135mm multiplied by 16mm;
step nine, hot continuous rolling
Reducing the diameter and reducing the wall of the pierced billet at 1150-1180 ℃, adopting a multi-frame rolling mill to carry out hot continuous rolling longitudinal deformation, and enabling the extension coefficient of each frame to be 1.01-1.60; rolling to obtain alloy pipe with specification phi 114mm x 8.5mm;
step ten, solution heat treatment
Preserving heat of the alloy pipe treated in the step nine for 0.4-1.0 h at 1030-1050 ℃, immersing the alloy pipe in circulating water for cooling after discharging, controlling the time from discharging to immersing in water to be below 90s, and controlling the water temperature to be below 50 ℃;
step eleven, cold rolling pretreatment
Straightening, cutting, pickling and grinding;
step twelve, cold rolling
Adopting a periodical cold pilger mill to carry out 1 pass, feeding 2.5-5.5 mm/time, rolling at 25-50 times/min, removing cold rolling oil after cold rolling, and carrying out solution treatment and acid washing; the specification phi of the cold-rolled pipe is 89mm multiplied by 5.5mm;
step thirteen, cold drawing
The inner and outer surfaces of the cold rolled tube after solid solution pickling are coated with butter lime, the thickness is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and drying is carried out; selecting an external mold and an internal mold of a profile with corresponding shapes, producing the profile by adopting a cold drawing process, wherein the cold drawing speed is 0.8-2.0 m/min, and carrying out solution treatment and acid washing after cold drawing, wherein the specification delta of the triangular tube of the profile is 60mm multiplied by 5mm;
fourteen steps of finishing treatment
Correcting, sawing, checking, spraying marks and bundling;
the produced triangle pipe with the delta of 60mm multiplied by 5mm is inspected, and the inspection data are shown in table 2.2;
TABLE 2.2 Properties of the Material UNS N08825 equilateral triangle tube Delta60 mm. Times.5 mm
Example 3
The invention relates to a production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile, which is characterized in that the material UNS N06625 is adopted, the specification of an elliptical tube of the profile is 152.4mm long axis, 127mm short axis and 11.2mm thick wall, and the chemical compositions are shown in table 3.1.
TABLE 3.1 chemical composition/(mass%) of UNS N06625 alloy
Remarks: the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the forming method for the oval tube with the specification of 152.4mm long axis, 127mm short axis and 11.2mm wall thickness comprises the following steps:
step one, alloy ingot smelting
Vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting are carried out to obtain a cylindrical hollow electroslag ingot, wherein the size of the hollow electroslag ingot is blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 378 mm/the inner diameter phi 196mm multiplied by the length 1850 mm;
step two, solution treatment of electroslag ingot
Heating electroslag ingots to 1135-1150 ℃ and cooling the water to below 40 ℃ to reduce the contents of intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides;
step three, processing the blank 2
Cutting and blanking an electroslag ingot, turning the inner surface and the outer surface, removing oxide scales, removing defects such as scratches, lathe tool lines and the like, wherein the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, and processing a chamfer angle at one end of the head to serve as a welding groove, wherein the length deviation is +/-5 mm, and the perpendicularity of the end face is less than or equal to 1mm; processing a blank 2 with the outer diameter phi 364 mm/the inner diameter phi 207mm and the length 900 mm;
step four, processing the head cushion 1 and the tail cushion 3
The head pad 1 and the tail pad 3 are made of low alloy plain carbon steel;
the outer diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the head cushion 1 is the same as the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the head cushion 1 is 50-80 mm, an oblique angle with an angle of 35 DEG is processed at the outer circle of one end of the head cushion 1, a round angle with a radius R of 30mm is processed at the joint of the oblique angle and the outer circle, and a chamfer is processed at the outer circle of the other end of the head cushion 1 to serve as a welding groove;
the outer diameter of the tail pad 3 is 1 mm-3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the blank 2, the inner diameter of the tail pad 3 is 3 mm-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the blank 2, the length of the tail pad 3 is 85 mm-99 mm, and a 45-degree chamfer is machined at the position of the inner hole at one end of the tail pad 3, which is in contact with the blank 2;
step five, welding the head cushion 1 and the blank 2
Butt-jointing the chamfer of the head gasket 1 and the chamfer of the blank 2, welding along the circumferential direction of the groove, and polishing the surface quality after welding to avoid scratching the extruded die;
step six, heating the blank 2
Heating the blank 2 processed in the fifth step to 860-960 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2.5-4 h, and then heating to 1170-1190 ℃ by using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace;
step seven, heating the tail pad 3
The tail pad 3 is heated to 900-1050 ℃, the plasticity of the tail pad 3 is reduced, and the plasticity is prevented from exceeding the alloy difficult to deform during extrusion;
step eight, hot extrusion of the pierced billet
The heated billet 2 is extruded into a pierced billet by a 6300 ton horizontal extruder, and the processing procedure comprises:
(1) the extrusion barrel 24 is heated to a temperature above 300 ℃, and the extrusion die 15 and the core rod 31 are heated to a temperature above 200 ℃;
(2) placing a glass pad 14 for lubrication at the inlet of an extrusion die 15, and fixing the glass pad by using rubber bands;
(3) the inner and outer surfaces of the high-temperature blank 2 are coated with glass powder lubricant and then placed into an extrusion barrel 24, the blank 2 and the head pad 1 face towards the extrusion direction, and the heated tail pad 3 is attached to the tail of the blank 2 to form a combined blank, and then a pierced billet is extruded;
(4) the tail pad 3 is automatically separated from the pipe body after extrusion, and the difficult-to-deform alloy materials are completely extruded, so that hot cutting procedures are saved, the yield is improved, and the water cooling is performed after the extrusion of the pierced billet;
the inner diameter of the extrusion barrel 24 is 375mm, the diameter phi 197mm of the core rod 31, the inner diameter phi 250mm of the extrusion die 15, the advancing speed of the blank 2 in the extrusion process is 60 mm/s-160 mm/s, and the size of the cooled extrusion pierced billet is 245mm multiplied by 25mm;
step nine, hot continuous rolling
Reducing diameter and reducing wall rolling is carried out at the temperature of 1100-1190 ℃ of the pierced billet, hot continuous rolling longitudinal deformation is carried out by adopting a multi-frame rolling mill, and the extension coefficient of each frame is 1.01-1.60; rolling to obtain alloy pipe with specification phi 185mm x 14.5mm;
step ten, solution heat treatment
The alloy tube treated in the step nine is insulated for 0.4 to 1.0 hour at 1140 to 1150 ℃, is immersed into circulating water for cooling after being discharged from a furnace, the time from the discharging gate to the immersing in water is controlled below 90 seconds, and the water temperature is controlled below 50 ℃;
step eleven, cold rolling pretreatment
Straightening, cutting, pickling and grinding;
step twelve, cold rolling
Adopting a periodical cold pilger mill to perform 1-pass cold rolling, feeding 2.5-5.5 mm/time, rolling at 25-50 times/min, removing cold rolling oil after cold rolling, and performing solution treatment and acid washing; the specification phi of the cold-rolled pipe is 150mm multiplied by 11.5mm;
step thirteen, cold drawing
The inner and outer surfaces of the cold rolled tube after solid solution pickling are coated with butter lime, the thickness is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and drying is carried out; selecting an external mold and an internal mold of a profile with corresponding shapes, producing a profile tube by adopting a cold drawing process, wherein the cold drawing speed is 0.8-2.0 m/min, carrying out solution treatment and acid washing after cold drawing, and the specification of the elliptical tube is 152.4mm long axis, 127mm short axis and 11.2mm thick wall;
fourteen steps of finishing treatment
Correcting, sawing, checking, spraying marks and bundling;
the produced elliptical tube with the length of 152.4mm, the length of 127mm, the length of the minor axis and the wall thickness of 11.2mm is tested, and the test data are shown in Table 3.2;
TABLE 3.2 Properties of UNS N06625 oval tube
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy special-shaped section bar comprises the following steps of:
step one, alloy ingot smelting
Vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting are carried out to smelt cylindrical hollow electroslag ingots;
step two, solution treatment of electroslag ingot
Heating electroslag ingots to 1040-1180 ℃ and cooling the water to below 40 ℃ to reduce the contents of intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides;
step three, processing the blank (2)
Cutting and blanking an electroslag ingot, turning the inner surface and the outer surface, removing oxide scales, removing defects such as scratches, lathe tool lines and the like, processing chamfer angles at one end of the head to serve as welding grooves, wherein the outer diameter is 5-12 mm smaller than the inner diameter of an extrusion barrel, the inner diameter is 7-15 mm larger than the diameter of a core rod, the length deviation is +/-5 mm, and the perpendicularity of the end face is less than or equal to 1mm;
step four, processing the head pad (1) and the tail pad (3)
The head pad (1) and the tail pad (3) are made of low-alloy plain carbon steel;
the outer diameter of the head cushion (1) is the same as the outer diameter of the blank (2), the inner diameter of the head cushion (1) is the same as the inner diameter of the blank (2), the length of the head cushion (1) is 50-80 mm, an oblique angle with an angle of 35 DEG is processed at the outer circle of one end of the head cushion (1), a round angle with a radius of R30mm is processed at the joint of the oblique angle and the outer circle, and a chamfer is processed at the outer circle of the other end of the head cushion (1) to serve as a welding groove;
the outer diameter of the tail pad (3) is 1-3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the blank (2), the inner diameter of the tail pad (3) is 3-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the blank (2), the length of the tail pad (3) is 85-99 mm, and a 45-degree chamfer is processed at the contact side of an inner hole at one end of the tail pad (3) and the blank (2);
fifthly, welding the head cushion (1) and the blank (2)
Butt-jointing the chamfer of the head pad (1) and the chamfer of the blank (2), welding along the circumferential direction of the groove, and grinding the surface quality after welding to avoid scratching the extruded die;
step six, heating the blank (2)
Heating the blank (2) processed in the fifth step to 860-960 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2.5-4 h, and then heating to 1100-1190 ℃ by using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace;
seventh, heating the tail pad (3)
Heating the tail pad (3) to 900-1050 ℃, reducing the plasticity of the tail pad (3), and avoiding the plasticity exceeding the difficult deformation alloy during extrusion;
step eight, hot extrusion of the pierced billet
Extruding the heated blank (2) into a pierced billet by using a 6300 ton horizontal extruder;
step nine, hot continuous rolling
Reducing diameter and wall rolling is carried out at the temperature of 1100-1190 ℃ of the pierced billet, hot continuous rolling longitudinal deformation is carried out by adopting a multi-frame rolling mill, the total hot continuous rolling elongation coefficient is 2.0-6.0, and each frame elongation coefficient is 1.01-1.60;
step ten, solution heat treatment
Preserving heat of the alloy pipe treated in the step nine at 1000-1190 ℃ for 0.4-1.0 h, immersing the alloy pipe in circulating water for cooling after discharging, controlling the time from discharging gate to immersing in water to be below 90s, and controlling the water temperature to be below 50 ℃;
step eleven, cold rolling pretreatment
Straightening, cutting, pickling and grinding;
step twelve, cold rolling
Adopting a periodical cold pilger mill to perform 1-3-pass cold rolling, wherein the deformation of each pass is 25-50%, the feeding amount is 2.5-5.5 mm/time, the rolling speed is 25-50 times/min, cold rolling oil is removed after each pass of cold rolling, and then solution treatment and acid washing are performed;
step thirteen, cold drawing
The inner and outer surfaces of the cold rolled tube after solid solution pickling are coated with butter lime, the thickness is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and drying is carried out; selecting an external mold and an internal mold of a profile with corresponding shapes, adopting a cold drawing process to produce the profile, wherein the cold drawing speed is 0.8-2.0 m/min, and the wall reduction is not more than 1.5mm; solution treatment and acid washing after cold drawing;
fourteen steps of finishing treatment
Correcting, sawing, checking, spraying marks and bundling.
2. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step six, in the electromagnetic induction heating stage of the blank (2), the electromagnetic induction heating is carried out for 2 times before extrusion; heating power of 400 KW-500 KW for the 1 st time, frequency of 35 HZ-60 HZ, temperature of 1060 ℃ -1100 ℃, soaking for 2-4 min; the heating power of the 2 nd time is 600 KW-800 KW, the frequency is 50 HZ-90 HZ, the temperature is 1120 ℃ to 1180 ℃, and the furnace is directly discharged without soaking.
3. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step eight is the pierced billet hot extrusion stage, the extrusion die is a flat cone die, the outer contour is matched with the extrusion die holder structure, the inner cavity consists of an inlet transition zone, a middle sizing zone and an outlet reverse cone, the total length is 50mm, the length of the middle sizing zone is 8-12 mm, the length of the outlet reverse cone zone is 6-10 mm, the included angle of the extrusion die inlet is 100-120 degrees, the chamfer angle of the outlet is 8-12 degrees, the metal flow stability is improved, and the extrusion force is reduced.
4. A production method for improving the yield of a difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pierced billet is extruded and processed by a horizontal extruder, the main body structure of the horizontal extruder comprises a die tail support (11), a die middle support (12) and a die holder (13), the die middle support (12) is fixedly arranged on the side of the die tail support (11), the die holder (13) is fixedly arranged on the side of the die middle support (12), a glass pad (14) is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the die holder (13), an extrusion die (15) and a die support (16) are correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the die holder (13), the die support (16) is connected on the left side of the extrusion die (15) in a bonding mode, an extrusion barrel (24) is arranged on the right side of the die holder (13), the extrusion barrel (24) is composed of a shell (23), an intermediate layer (22) and an inner layer (21), a glass pad (14) is embedded on the inner side of the inner layer (21), a core rod (31) is connected in a penetrating mode on the inner side of the glass pad (14), a pad (32) is arranged on the outer side of the tail end of the core rod (31), the extrusion pad (32) is assembled on the inner side of the inner layer (21) in a bonding mode, the extrusion barrel (31) is connected with a threaded part (33) in a threaded mode, and the side of the extrusion barrel (33) is connected with a supporting rod (33), and the outer side of the connecting piece (33) is provided with an extrusion rod (35) in a threaded manner;
the extruder processing procedure comprises the following steps:
(1) the extrusion barrel (24) is heated to a temperature above 300 ℃, and the heating temperature of the extrusion die (15) and the core rod (31) is above 200 ℃;
(2) placing a glass pad (14) for lubrication at the inlet of an extrusion die (15) and fixing the glass pad by using rubber bands;
(3) coating glass powder lubricant on the inner and outer surfaces of a high-temperature blank (2), then placing the blank (2) and a head pad (1) in an extrusion barrel (24), enabling the heated tail pad (3) to be attached to the tail of the blank (2) at the same time, forming a combined blank, and extruding a pierced billet;
(4) the tail pad (3) is automatically separated from the pipe body after extrusion, and the difficult-to-deform alloy materials are completely extruded, so that hot cutting procedures are saved, the yield is improved, and the water is cooled after the extrusion of the pierced billet.
5. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the eighth step is a step of hot extrusion of the pierced billet, wherein the coating thickness of the inner lubricating glass powder and the outer lubricating glass powder is 0.1 mm-0.4 mm, the appearance of the glass mat is determined by the working surface of the extrusion die and the front end of the blank, the inner hole of the glass mat is 17 mm-26 mm larger than the diameter of the pierced billet, and the thickness of the glass mat is 17 mm-23 mm; the advancing speed of the blank in the extrusion process is 60-180 mm/s, and the ratio of the area of the cross section before extrusion to the area of the cross section after extrusion is 2.5-10.0.
6. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step eleven cold rolling pretreatment, the step twelve cold rolling and the step thirteenth cold drawing are performed in the pickling process, wherein the concentration of nitric acid in mixed acid is 8-12%, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is 2-3%, the balance is water, and the temperature of the mixed acid is 40-60 ℃.
7. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step twelve is cold rolling stage, cold rolling is applied to two-roll cold rolling mill, and the cold rolling mill includes upper roller (39), lower roller (40) and core bar (36), upper roller (39) and lower roller (40) are corresponding to be distributed from top to bottom, core bar (36) run through gomphosis between upper roller (39) and lower roller (40), and in the cold rolling process, outside cover at core bar (36) is equipped with before-rolling tubular product (37), forms after-rolling tubular product (38) after upper roller (39) and lower roller (40) cold rolling treatment.
8. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the thirteenth step is a cold drawing stage, and the ratio of the beef tallow lime is as follows: lime: 3# industrial fat = 10:1.2 to 1.5; mixing water, lime and 3# industrial grease in proportion, fully and uniformly stirring in a stirrer for 15-20 min to obtain a liquid without oil balls, diluting with water to a proper viscosity, and stirring for 10min.
9. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the material of the difficult-to-deform alloy is selected from one of the following materials: n06600, N06022, N10276, GH4169, N08825, N06625, N09925, N08028, N06200, N08800, N08020, N08031.
10. The production method for improving the yield of the difficult-to-deform alloy profile according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the head pad (1) has the functions of improving the head stress state of the difficult-to-deform alloy blank (2), reducing extrusion force and improving deformation and surface quality; the tail pad (3) at the tail end of the blank (2) has the function of enabling the difficult-to-deform alloy to be extruded into a material, and the carbon steel material of the tail pad (3) is prevented from flowing into the difficult-to-deform alloy pipe when the blank is extruded at low heating temperature and the chamfer on the inner hole.
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