CN117335252B - Laser system and device for suppressing spectrum modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation - Google Patents
Laser system and device for suppressing spectrum modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of polarization maintaining fiber laser equipment, and provides a laser system and equipment for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation. The laser system for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation comprises a mode-locked fiber oscillator, a fiber isolator, a semiconductor pump laser, a fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber fusion point, a polarization maintaining fiber, a fiber combiner and a fiber collimator; the number of the optical fiber fusion points is 2 n; the (2 n-1) th optical fiber welding point adopts 0 degree welding; the 2 n-th optical fiber welding points are subjected to 90-degree cross welding; wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the polarization mode dispersion introduced by any (2 n-1) section optical fiber and the 2n section optical fiber is equal in size and opposite in sign.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polarization maintaining fiber laser equipment, and particularly relates to a laser system and equipment for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Ultrashort pulse lasers are generally pulse light sources with pulse widths on the order of picoseconds (10 -12 s) and femtoseconds (10 -15 s), and have the characteristics of extremely narrow pulse widths, extremely broad spectra, extremely high peak power, and the like. At present, the ultra-short pulse laser is widely applied in the fields of material hyperfine, basic scientific research, medical cosmetology, aerospace, photovoltaic energy sources and the like.
Pulse quality is an important indicator for evaluating the performance of ultra-short pulse laser systems. In general, pulse contrast is an important indicator of pulse quality in the time domain and spectral smoothness in the frequency domain. Polarization maintaining fiber is used as one important laser gain medium widely in ultra short pulse laser system. However, ultra-short pulse laser systems based on polarization maintaining fibers (including "full polarization maintaining fiber" and "polarization maintaining fiber+laser crystal" hybrid systems) generally suffer from spectral modulation problems.
The ultra-short pulse laser system adopting the polarization maintaining optical fiber as the pre-amplification stage or the main amplification stage has the spectrum modulation phenomena with different degrees. Currently, researchers have mainly attributed this phenomenon to factors such as self-phase modulation effects in the fiber or surface interference of the fiber device. However, there are two distinct disadvantages to this interpretation: first, from the shape and period of the spectral modulation, it is clearly distinguished from the spectral features formed from the phase modulation; second, all-solid-state amplifiers based on laser crystals contain a large number of spatial optics, and in theory the surface interference phenomenon of the elements should be more severe, but no similarly dense spectral modulation phenomenon is known to occur in all-solid-state ultrashort pulse lasers.
The inventor finds that aiming at the spectrum modulation phenomenon in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ultrashort pulse laser system, the person skilled in the art only gives partial explanation of the reasons at present, but does not propose a reasonable and effective technical solution. Particularly, for different polarization maintaining fiber types, multi-stage polarization maintaining fiber amplifiers and hybrid polarization maintaining fiber laser systems, complicated spectrum modulation technology and equipment are required for realizing the suppression of spectrum modulation, so that great difficulty is brought to the suppression of spectrum modulation, and the cost and the complexity of the system are obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a laser system and a device for suppressing spectrum modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation, which can be suitable for different polarization maintaining fiber types, multistage polarization maintaining fiber amplifiers and hybrid polarization maintaining fiber laser systems without additional complicated spectrum modulation technology and equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a first aspect of the invention provides a laser system that suppresses spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation.
A laser system for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation comprises a mode-locked fiber oscillator, a fiber isolator, a semiconductor pump laser, a fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber fusion point, a polarization maintaining fiber, a fiber combiner and a fiber collimator; the number of the optical fiber fusion points is 2 n; the (2 n-1) th optical fiber welding point adopts 0 degree welding; the 2 n-th optical fiber welding points are subjected to 90-degree cross welding; wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the polarization mode dispersion introduced by any (2 n-1) section optical fiber and the 2n section optical fiber is equal in size and opposite in sign.
Wherein polarization mode dispersion is the difference in time delay of two orthogonal polarization modes of the fundamental mode.
Polarization mode dispersion coefficient is the propagation delay difference of two orthogonal polarization modes on a unit length of optical fiber.
That is, the polarization mode dispersion is the product of the polarization mode dispersion coefficient and the length of the fiber.
In particular, the polarization mode dispersion coefficient beta and the optical fiber length L of the polarization maintaining optical fiber have the following characteristic relation:
β1×L1-β2×L2+β3×L3-...+β2n-1×L2n-1-β2n×L2n＝0
Wherein, beta 2n-1 is the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the (2 n-1) th section optical fiber, and L 2n-1 is the length of the (2 n-1) th section optical fiber; beta 2n is the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the 2 n-th section of optical fiber, and L 2n is the length of the 2 n-th section of optical fiber.
As one implementation mode, the optical fiber isolator adjacent to the mode-locked optical fiber oscillator allows the signal light to pass forward and isolates the reverse transmission laser, so that the purpose of protecting the mode-locked optical fiber oscillator is achieved.
As an embodiment, the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer is configured to couple the signal light output by the mode-locked optical fiber oscillator and the pump light output by the first semiconductor pump laser.
As an embodiment, the optical fiber combiner is configured to couple the signal light and the pump light output by the second semiconductor pump laser.
As one embodiment, the polarization maintaining fiber is a passive polarization maintaining fiber.
As one embodiment, the polarization maintaining fiber is an active polarization maintaining fiber doped with rare earth ions.
As one embodiment, the rare earth ion of the active polarization maintaining fiber is erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho).
As one embodiment, the "core/cladding" diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber is 4/125 μm,6/125 μm,10/125 μm,25/250 μm, or 20/400 μm.
As an embodiment, two pulses in the laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation suppression spectrum modulation are a main pulse and a sub pulse, and the interference spectrum intensity I M (ω) of the two pulses is expressed as:
Wherein, the parameter A represents the modulation depth and is mainly related to the power magnitudes of the main pulse and the secondary pulse; parameter B represents the modulation frequency, related to the time delay between the main pulse and the secondary pulse; parameters (parameters) Representing the phase difference between the primary and secondary pulses; ω represents angular frequency.
A second aspect of the invention provides a laser apparatus.
A laser apparatus comprising a laser system that suppresses spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation as described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a spectrum modulation suppression technology for a polarization maintaining optical fiber ultrashort pulse laser amplification system, which is based on 90-degree cross welding of the polarization maintaining optical fibers and is characterized in that the lengths of all stages of optical fibers are strictly controlled according to the dispersion values of different types of optical fibers in the system so as to realize accurate compensation of polarization mode dispersion, and further realize effective alleviation and suppression of spectrum modulation phenomenon.
The polarization mode dispersion compensation-based spectrum modulation-suppressing laser system provided by the invention has excellent flexibility and wide applicability without additional complicated spectrum modulation technology, and can be suitable for different polarization-maintaining fiber types, multistage polarization-maintaining fiber amplifiers and hybrid polarization-maintaining fiber laser systems through reasonable design and optimization.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation to suppress spectral modulation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic and resultant diagram of theoretical technical analysis of a laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation suppression spectrum modulation according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation to suppress spectral modulation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
From the structural feature analysis of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, first, the polarization extinction ratio of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber is limited, and signal light can generate certain depolarization when transmitted in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, so that cross polarized sub-pulses are generated. Second, polarization maintaining fibers have a greater polarization mode dispersion coefficient than non-polarization maintaining fibers (typically, the non-polarization maintaining fibers have a mode birefringence on the order of 10 -7 and the polarization maintaining fibers have a mode birefringence on the order of 10 -4). Polarization mode dispersion causes the separation of the main pulse and the sub-pulse in the time domain, and the separated main pulse and sub-pulse interfere and are reflected to the frequency domain to represent obvious spectrum modulation phenomenon. In addition, the spectral modulation depth and period will vary with the optical power of the signal and the length of the fiber. Thus, polarization mode dispersion largely dominates the spectral modulation phenomenon in polarization maintaining fiber laser systems.
Compared with an all-solid-state ultrashort pulse laser system, the polarization-maintaining fiber laser amplifier has the advantages of compact structure, high integration level, good stability and the like, and still plays an irreplaceable role in the application in a plurality of fields, although the polarization-maintaining fiber laser amplifier has the defect of spectrum modulation. Therefore, the method solves the problem of spectrum modulation in the polarization maintaining fiber laser system, and has important scientific significance and practical value in the aspects of improving pulse contrast, material processing quality and the like.
The invention relates to a laser system for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation, which comprises a mode-locked optical fiber oscillator, an optical fiber isolator, a semiconductor pump laser, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, an optical fiber fusion point, a polarization maintaining optical fiber, an optical fiber beam combiner and an optical fiber collimator; the number of the optical fiber fusion points is 2 n; the (2 n-1) th optical fiber welding point adopts 0 degree welding; the 2 n-th optical fiber welding points are subjected to 90-degree cross welding; wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the polarization mode dispersion introduced by any (2 n-1) section optical fiber and the 2n section optical fiber is equal in size and opposite in sign.
The laser system of the invention is realized based on a polarization mode dispersion compensation suppression spectrum modulation technology, and the working principle of the spectrum modulation suppression technology is shown in figure 1.
Polarization maintaining fibers typically have two stress regions to maintain the polarization characteristics of the laser pulses. Wherein, the direction parallel to the stress region is defined as the slow axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the stress region is defined as the fast axis direction. For normal optical fiber fusion splicing, the fast axis and slow axis of two optical fibers to be spliced are respectively corresponding, i.e., referred to as 0 degree fusion splicing, as shown in fig. 1 (a). By 90 degree cross fusion, it is meant that the fibers to be fused are cross-rotated 90 degrees, i.e., the slow axis of one polarization maintaining fiber and the fast axis of the other polarization maintaining fiber are fusion-spliced together, as shown in fig. 1 (b).
When a laser pulse enters the polarization maintaining fiber and propagates along the slow axis, the depolarization effect causes it to generate a sub-pulse in the fast axis direction. As the propagation distance of the laser pulse in the fiber increases, the polarization mode dispersion further causes a certain time delay between the main pulse on the slow axis and the sub-pulse on the fast axis. If a polarization maintaining fiber with the same length is welded at 0 degree later, the time delay of the primary and secondary pulses is further increased, as shown in fig. 1 (a). In contrast, if a polarization maintaining fiber with the same length is welded at 90 degrees after the polarization maintaining fibers, the polarization mode dispersion of the two polarization maintaining fibers is correspondingly compensated, and the time delay of the primary pulse and the secondary pulse is gradually reduced and eliminated. Reflected in the frequency domain, the intensity and period of the spectral modulation is also continuously decreasing.
The polarization maintaining optical fiber comprises a passive polarization maintaining optical fiber and an active polarization maintaining optical fiber doped with rare earth ions;
The "core/cladding" diameter size of the polarization maintaining fiber includes, but is not limited to, 4/125 μm,6/125 μm,10/125 μm,25/250 μm,20/400 μm, etc.;
the rare earth ions include, but are not limited to, erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), thulium (Tm), holmium (Ho), and the like;
the lengths of the two polarization maintaining optical fibers in 90-degree cross welding are reasonably selected according to the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the corresponding optical fibers.
The inhibition process of polarization mode dispersion compensation on spectral modulation is theoretically analyzed and verified as follows:
for the interference of two pulses, the spectral modulation intensity I M (ω) can be expressed as:
wherein, the parameter A represents the modulation depth and is mainly related to the power magnitudes of the main pulse and the secondary pulse; parameter B represents the modulation frequency, mainly related to the time delay between the main pulse and the secondary pulse; parameters (parameters) Representing the phase difference of the primary and secondary pulses; ω represents angular frequency.
In this calculation, a gaussian spectrum was selected as the initial pulse spectrum, the center wavelength of the corresponding spectrum was 1030nm, and the full width at half maximum of the spectrum was 20nm, as shown in fig. 2 (a). The time domain pulse corresponding to the fourier transform is shown in fig. 2 (b). Parameter a is set to 0.1. The parameter B is set to 5, 15, 25, respectively, corresponding to the delays between the main pulse and the sub-pulse being 650fs,1950fs,3250fs, respectively.
Fig. 2 (d) shows pulse distributions in the time domain for different parameters B, and fig. 2 (c) shows spectral characteristics for different pulse delays. As can be seen by comparison, the frequency of the spectral modulation in the frequency domain decreases significantly as the time delay between the main pulse and the sub-pulse in the time domain decreases. Therefore, it is proved that the characteristic distribution of the main pulse and the sub pulse in the time domain is regulated and controlled through polarization mode dispersion compensation, and further the improvement of the spectrum modulation phenomenon of the polarization maintaining fiber laser system is practically feasible in theory. This section serves both as an important theoretical support for the invention and as a theoretical guide for the invention in practical applications.
A laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressing spectral modulation according to an embodiment of the present invention is presented below in conjunction with fig. 3, where n is equal to 2.
It should be noted that, a person skilled in the art may specifically set the value of n according to the actual situation requirement.
In fig. 3, a laser system based on polarization mode dispersion compensation suppression spectrum modulation of the present embodiment is provided with, in order along an optical path: the optical fiber comprises a mode-locked optical fiber oscillator 1, a first optical fiber welding point 2, a first optical fiber isolator 3, a first semiconductor pump laser 4, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 5, a second optical fiber welding point 6, a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 7, a third optical fiber welding point 8, a second optical fiber isolator 9, a second semiconductor pump laser 10, an optical fiber combiner 11, a fourth optical fiber welding point 12, a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber 13 and an optical fiber collimator 14.
Specifically, the center wavelength of the output signal light of the mode-locked oscillator 1 is 1030nm, the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 15nm, the pulse repetition frequency is 56MHz, and the average power is 10mW.
The first optical fiber fusion-bonding point 2 adopts 0 degree fusion-bonding.
The first optical isolator 3 allows the signal light to pass forward and isolates the reverse transmission laser, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the mode-locked optical fiber oscillator 1; the core diameter of the optical fiber was 6/125 μm, and the total length of the optical fiber was 1m.
The first semiconductor pump laser 4 outputs laser light with a central wavelength of 976nm and a maximum output power of 400mW.
The optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 5 is mainly used for coupling the signal light output by the mode-locked optical fiber oscillator 1 and the pump light output by the first semiconductor pump laser 4; the core diameter of the optical fiber was 6/125 μm, and the total length of the optical fiber was 1m.
The second optical fiber fusion-bonding point 6 adopts 90-degree cross fusion bonding.
The core diameter of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber 7 is 6/125 mu m, and the length of the optical fiber is 2m.
The third optical fiber fusion-bonding point 8 adopts 0 degree fusion bonding.
The second optical fiber isolator 9 which allows the signal light to pass forward and isolates the reverse transmission laser light; the core diameter of the optical fiber was 10/125 μm, and the total length of the optical fiber was 1m.
The second semiconductor pump laser 10 outputs laser light having a center wavelength of 976nm and a maximum output power of 9W.
The optical fiber combiner 11 is mainly used for coupling the signal light and the pump light output by the second semiconductor pump laser 10; the core diameter of the optical fiber was 10/125 μm, and the total length of the optical fiber was 1m.
The fourth optical fiber fusion splice 12 is a 90 degree cross fusion splice.
The second ytterbium-doped fiber 13 has a core diameter of 10/125 μm and a fiber length of 2m.
The fiber collimator 14 is used for collimating output of the signal light.
In this embodiment, the length of the optical fiber between the first optical fiber fusion-bonding point 2 and the second optical fiber fusion-bonding point 6 is L 1, and the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the corresponding optical fiber is β 1; the length of the optical fiber between the second optical fiber welding point 6 and the third optical fiber welding point 8 is L 2, and the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the corresponding optical fiber is beta 2; the length of the optical fiber between the third optical fiber welding point 8 and the fourth optical fiber welding point 12 is L 3, and the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the corresponding optical fiber is beta 3; the length of the optical fiber between the four optical fiber fusion points 12 and the optical fiber collimator 14 is L 4, and the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the corresponding optical fiber is beta 4; in particular, the above parameters have the following relationship:
β1×L1-β2×L2+β3×L3-β4×L4＝0
In one or more embodiments, there is also provided a laser apparatus comprising a laser system as described above that suppresses spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation.
It will be appreciated that the laser device in this embodiment may be implemented by any structure other than a laser system that suppresses spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation, and will not be described in detail herein.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A laser system for inhibiting spectral modulation based on polarization mode dispersion compensation comprises a mode-locked fiber oscillator, a fiber isolator, a semiconductor pump laser, a fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber fusion point, a polarization maintaining fiber, a fiber combiner and a fiber collimator; the method is characterized in that the number of the optical fiber fusion points is 2 n; the (2 n-1) th optical fiber welding point adopts 0 degree welding; the 2 n-th optical fiber welding points are subjected to 90-degree cross welding; wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the polarization mode dispersion introduced by any (2 n-1) section optical fiber and the 2n section optical fiber is equal in size and opposite in sign;
the polarization mode dispersion of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is the product of the polarization mode dispersion coefficient beta and the optical fiber length L, and the polarization mode dispersion has the following characteristic relation:
β1×L1 - β2×L2 + β3×L3 - … + β2n-1×L2n-1 - β2n×L2n = 0
Wherein, beta 2n-1 is the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the (2 n-1) th section optical fiber, and L 2n-1 is the length of the (2 n-1) th section optical fiber; beta 2n is the polarization mode dispersion coefficient of the 2 n-th section of optical fiber, and L 2n is the length of the 2 n-th section of optical fiber.
2. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system according to claim 1, wherein the fiber isolator adjacent to the mode-locked fiber oscillator allows the signal light to pass forward and isolates the reverse transmission laser light, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the mode-locked fiber oscillator.
3. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system of claim 1, wherein the fiber wavelength division multiplexer is configured to couple the signal light output from the mode-locked fiber oscillator and the pump light output from the first semiconductor pump laser.
4. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber combiner is configured to couple the signal light and the pump light output from the second semiconductor pump laser.
5. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system of claim 1, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber is a passive polarization maintaining fiber.
6. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system of claim 1, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber is a rare earth ion doped active polarization maintaining fiber.
7. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system of claim 6, wherein the rare earth ions of the active polarization maintaining fiber include erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho).
8. The polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system of claim 1, wherein two pulses in the polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system are a main pulse and a sub pulse, respectively, and interference spectrum intensities of the two pulsesExpressed as:
Wherein, parameter A represents modulation depth; parameter B represents the modulation frequency, related to the time delay between the main pulse and the secondary pulse; parameters (parameters) Representing the phase difference between the primary and secondary pulses; /(I)Indicating the angular frequency.
9. A laser device comprising a polarization mode dispersion compensation suppressed spectrum modulation based laser system according to any of claims 1-8.
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