CN117332709A - Building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical value method and simulation device - Google Patents
Building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical value method and simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method and a simulation device, which are used for designing orthogonal tests, obtaining wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different factors through wind tunnel tests, establishing a database, fitting green planting resistance coefficients under different factors according to the database, providing an equivalent calculation method of a post-tree wind field, establishing a geometric model of green planting and a building structure in grid division software, dividing grids, introducing a discretized calculation domain into fluid simulation software for iterative calculation, correcting a momentum equation by introducing a pressure loss item, obtaining flow parameters of airflow after flowing through porous media, associating the wind tunnel test database with the numerical simulation parameters, finally obtaining building outer elevation wind load under the influence of different green planting parameters, solving the problems of low iteration efficiency, large calculation amount and difficult repetition, saving calculation resources, and facilitating development of building structure surface wind pressure research under different green planting parameters and different wind direction angle working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method and a simulation device.
Background
With global warming, extreme weather and frequent occurrence of major natural disasters, greenhouse gas emission reduction has formed global consensus. Popularization of green buildings is becoming unprecedented, and is a long-term measure for realizing green sustainable development of double-carbon targets from source to terminal in the building industry.
As one form of green building, the balcony of the fourth generation building is fully covered with green plants, so that the vegetation not only has aesthetic feeling, but also can be used as a green filter to absorb fine particles generated by urban traffic; the vegetation can also protect balcony and indoor from noise pollution and reduce urban heat island effect.
However, as a large number of green plants are planted on the balcony, the appearance of the building is obviously changed, and parameters such as wind pressure, body form factor and the like on the surface of the building structure are obviously influenced; the type of tree, crown size and density of the tree all cause changes in the flow field behind the tree and the amount of force the trunk transfers to the building structure, resulting in changes in wind load acting on the building structure and wind induced vibration response of the building structure. Because of the complexity of numerical simulation, the prior research has not proposed a mature canopy green wind field equivalent model. In the prior art, when three-dimensional structure simulation is used, the grid quantity of the structure is large, the grid division is quite complex, the calculation is complex and the efficiency is low, and further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects in the background technology, the fourth generation building wind pressure simulation scheme with high grid division speed and high calculation efficiency is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an orthogonal test, and researching the influence of the height, shape, porosity, quantity and type of green plants on the characteristics of wind fields;
s2, placing the green plants into a wind tunnel, starting a wind tunnel test, obtaining wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different green plant parameters, and establishing a database;
s3, parameterizing the green planting resistance, fitting the green planting resistance coefficients under different influence factors according to a database, obtaining an empirical formula, and constructing a green planting resistance equivalent model;
s4, building a geometric model of a green plant and a building structure in grid division software, dividing grids, discretizing a calculation domain, then introducing the discretized calculation domain into fluid simulation software for iterative calculation, setting a green plant arrangement area as a porous medium, introducing a pressure loss term to correct a momentum equation, and obtaining flow parameters of air flow after flowing through the porous medium;
and S5, setting target monitoring points, extracting wind pressure and wind speed data of any point on the flow field and the surface of the building structure after iterative calculation, and obtaining wind loads of the outer facade of the building under the influence of different green planting parameters by weighting the product of the average wind pressure and the area according to the load specification of the building structure.
Further, the wind field characteristic test data include post-tree wind pressure, wind speed and green planting parameters.
Further, according to the sampling time of the full-scale model converted from the test time scale ratio, a plurality of standard time interval test data are collected at the same wind direction angle, test data of different working conditions under the full wind direction angle are collected, a multi-parameter wind field characteristic database after green tree planting is established, and random errors of the test are reduced.
Further, the resistance coefficient of green planting in S3 is:
c d ＝f(u,s,β)(1)
wherein f is an empirical function, u is the incoming wind speed, s is the windward area of the green plant, and beta is the penetration rate of the green plant.
Further, the momentum equation correction formula in S4 is:
where u represents speed, p is pressure, ρ is air density, D i The drag source term is denoted by D (z):
wherein A is f Is the average windward area of vegetation in the unit, dz is the unit height of green plants, U is the average wind speed, h is the average height of green plants, c d Is a green plant resistance coefficient.
The invention also provides a building wind pressure simulation device, which comprises a wind tunnel for wind tunnel test, a wedge, a rough element, a green plant model, a force measuring balance, a laser displacement meter, an anemometer and a side shifting frame component, wherein the wedge, the rough element, the green plant model, the force measuring balance, the laser displacement meter and the anemometer are arranged in the wind tunnel;
the wedge with rough element sets gradually the place ahead of green model of planting for simulate the wind field topography, the dynamometry balance is used for acquireing the wind load that the model was planted to the green, the laser displacement meter is used for acquireing the crown displacement of the model is planted to the green, the anemograph sets up the rear of the model is planted to the green for measure the wind speed, the anemograph with move the frame subassembly and be connected, move the frame subassembly and be used for adjusting the position of anemograph.
Further, the green plant model comprises a to-be-detected green plant model and an interference green plant model for interference, wherein the interference green plant model is arranged on the outer side of the to-be-detected green plant model, and the force measuring balance is connected with the to-be-detected green plant model.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method and the simulation device thereof, wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different factors are obtained through wind tunnel tests, orthogonal tests are designed according to the obtained wind field characteristic test data, a database is established, green planting resistance coefficients under different factors are fitted according to the database, an equivalent calculation method of a post-tree wind field is provided, geometric models of green planting and building structures are established in grid division software, grids are divided, the problems of difficult grid division and low grid division efficiency in numerical simulation are solved, the calculation efficiency is improved by introducing the discretized calculation domain into fluid simulation software for iterative calculation, the momentum equation is corrected by introducing a pressure loss item, the flow parameters of airflow after flowing through porous media are obtained, the wind tunnel test database and the numerical simulation parameters are associated, theoretical basis is researched for the influence of wind pressure on the building surfaces under different green planting conditions, finally, data such as flow field and wind pressure, wind speed and the like at any point on the building surfaces are extracted, the problem of low iterative efficiency, large calculation quantity and difficulty in repeated wind pressure is solved under the influence of different green planting parameters is solved by the product of weighted average wind pressure and area, and the wind pressure research on different building surface wind conditions is convenient to develop;
other advantageous effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description section which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of method steps of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analog device according to the present invention.
[ reference numerals description ]
1. Wedge; 2. a coarse element; 3. a green plant model to be tested; 4. interference green plant model; 5. a force measuring balance; 6. an anemometer; 7. and a side shifting frame assembly.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes embodiments of the present disclosure by way of specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be embodied or practiced in other different specific embodiments, and details within the subject specification may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concepts of the disclosure by way of illustration, and only the components related to the disclosure are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an orthogonal test.
And designing an orthogonal test, and researching the influence of the green planting parameters on the wind field characteristics. The method has the advantages that various factors such as different green planting shapes, types, heights, intervals, arrangement modes, crown ventilation rate, incoming flow wind speed and wind field landform types are considered, the characteristics of the wind field after green planting are analyzed through orthogonal tests, the efficiency is higher, the speed is higher, and the treatment is more convenient. The orthogonal test design is a design method for researching multiple factors and multiple levels, and is a high-efficiency, rapid and economic experimental design method by selecting partial representative points from a comprehensive test according to orthogonality, wherein the representative points have the characteristics of uniform dispersion and alignment and comparability.
S2, performing wind tunnel tests and establishing a database.
Wind tunnel tests were performed. The wind tunnel test of the atmospheric boundary layer is always a main way for researching the effect of wind on a building structure, the wind environment around the building and other engineering problems, is also a prediction mode with higher reliability, is easy and accurate to measure compared with field actual measurement, and can control and reproduce frequently-changed natural conditions. In the embodiment, the green plant and the building structure are placed into a wind tunnel, a wind tunnel test is started, and the changes of parameters such as wind pressure, body type coefficients and the like of the surface of the building structure under different factors are simulated.
In the embodiment, a typical green plant wind tunnel test model is manufactured according to a similar criterion, the wedge 1, the rough element 2 and the green plant model are placed into simulated wind field types, the position of the anemometer 6 behind the tree is regulated by means of the three-dimensional side-shifting frame assembly 7, parameters such as the shape, the type, the height, the spacing, the arrangement mode, the crown porosity and the like of the green plant are controlled, the wind tunnel test is started, the displacement of the crown of the green plant and the wind load borne by the green plant are respectively obtained through the laser displacement meter and the force balance 5, and wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different factors are obtained through the anemometer 6.
And establishing a database. In the embodiment, factors such as different green plant shapes, types, heights, intervals, arrangement modes, crown ventilation rate, incoming flow wind speed, wind field landform types and the like are considered, wind field characteristic test data under different influence factors collected by wind tunnel tests are utilized to establish a database, and parameter support is provided for subsequent numerical simulation.
In the step, the sampling time of a full-scale model is converted according to the reduction ratio of the test time, a plurality of standard time intervals (10 min) test data are collected at the same wind direction angle, the random error of the test is reduced, test data of different working conditions under the full wind direction angle are collected, and a multi-parameter wind field characteristic database after green tree planting is established.
S3, constructing a green plant equivalent model.
The balcony of the fourth generation building is provided with a large number of green plants, and parameters such as the shape, the size, the number and the like of the green plants can increase the workload of model establishment and grid division by times, and are also unfavorable for the comparison research of different working conditions of multiple factors. Therefore, in order to facilitate the research of the influence of green planting on building wind pressure, the green planting resistance needs to be parameterized, and an empirical formula is obtained according to the green planting resistance coefficient under different influence factors fitted in a database, so that a green planting resistance equivalent model is provided. Wherein, the resistance coefficient of green planting is:
c d ＝f(u,s,β)(1)
wherein f is an empirical function, u is the incoming wind speed, s is the windward area of the green plant, and beta is the penetration rate of the green plant. The mutual coupling action mechanism of the green plants and wind is complex, the green plants deform under the action of wind load, the wind speed is reduced due to the dragging action of the green plants, the physical characteristics of the wind field after the tree are further affected, and the dragging action of the green plants is affected by the parameters of the green plants and is related to the wind speed of the incoming flow and the type of the wind field. The method is affected by multiple factors, nonlinear parameter fitting is carried out according to wind tunnel test data by the formula (1), green planting resistance parameterization is achieved, and green planting resistance empirical formulas, namely green planting resistance equivalent models, of wind fields after trees are affected by different incoming flow wind speeds, green planting shapes, hole penetration rates, green planting heights, arrangement modes and the like are obtained.
S4, CFD numerical simulation.
Establishing a geometric model of a green plant and a building structure in grid division software, dividing grids, discretizing a calculation domain, then introducing the discretized calculation domain into fluid simulation software for iterative calculation, setting a green plant arrangement area as a porous medium, correcting a momentum equation by introducing a pressure loss term according to an additional source term method to obtain flow parameters of airflow after flowing through the porous medium, wherein the momentum equation correction is as follows:
where u represents speed, p is pressure, ρ is air density, D i The drag source term is denoted by D (z):
wherein A is f Is the average windward area of vegetation in the unit, dz is the unit height of green plants, U is the average wind speed, h is the average height of green plants, c d The green plant resistance coefficient is determined by a database obtained by the wind tunnel test.
The formula (2) is a momentum conservation equation taking green planting resistance correction into consideration, is a calculation basis of large-scale fluid simulation software Fluent, the formula (3) is a bridge connecting a wind tunnel test database and numerical simulation parameter setting, a wind tunnel test provides study variable data support, the formula (3) is converted into the numerical simulation parameter setting basis, and the formula (2) and the formula (3) are combined to play a role in establishing a theoretical basis for simulation study of wind pressure influence of different green planting working conditions on a building surface.
And setting a reasonable error range by combining wind tunnel test and CFD simulation data, synchronously checking the correctness of the equivalent CFD resistance model, and providing reasonable correction so as to establish a wind field resistance equivalent library under the typical green planting effect.
In a specific implementation of this embodiment, the grid partitioning software uses ICEM-CFD, and the main operation steps are as follows:
determining a calculation domain to enable the calculation domain to meet the blocking rate requirement; building key points of building and green plant geometric models, connecting the key points into a geometric framework, and creating a model plane; creating a part, and associating the geometric line with the part; selecting an appropriate grid growth rate and creating a grid number; generating a grid and checking the quality of the grid; the msh file is exported.
Batch grids can be processed quickly by building geometric models of green plants and building structures in an ICEM-CFD and meshing.
In a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, the fluid simulation software adopts Fluent, and the main operation steps are as follows:
starting Fluent in a 3D, serial serial mode; importing an msh file, setting parameters, and setting monitoring points at the same time; selecting an SST calculation model, and adjusting calculation parameters of a region (porous medium) where green plants are located; setting boundary conditions and initializing; firstly, steady state calculation is carried out, and transient state calculation is carried out after the result is stable; and (5) leading out a case and data result file, and analyzing the physical quantity of any monitoring point.
S5, solving the wind load on the surface of the building structure.
In non-seismic areas, the source of lateral horizontal loading of the building structure is mainly wind loading, and wind resistance of the building structure is also more and more challenging. According to the research and design requirements, target monitoring points are set during numerical simulation, data such as wind pressure, wind speed and the like of any point on the flow field and the surface of the building structure can be extracted after iterative calculation is completed, and according to the building structure load specification, the building facade wind load under the influence of different green planting parameters can be obtained through the product of weighted average wind pressure and area, so that a design basis is provided for the building structure wind resistance calculation.
According to the building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method provided by the embodiment, wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different factors are obtained through wind tunnel tests, orthogonal tests are designed according to the obtained wind field characteristic test data, a database is established, green planting resistance coefficients under different factors are fitted according to the database, an equivalent calculation method of a post-tree wind field is provided, the problems of difficult grid division and low grid division efficiency in numerical simulation are solved by establishing a geometric model of a green plant and a building structure in ICEM-CFD and dividing grids, the calculation domain is discretized and then is introduced into large-scale fluid simulation software Fluent for iterative calculation, the calculation efficiency is improved, a momentum equation is corrected by introducing a pressure loss term, the flow parameters of airflow after flowing through porous media are obtained, then data such as wind pressure and wind speed at any point on the surface of the flow field and the building structure are extracted, the wind load of an outer elevation of the building under the influence of different green plant parameters is obtained through the product of weighted average wind pressure and area, the problems of low iteration efficiency, the calculation amount is large, the wind load of the outer elevation of the building under the influence of different green plant parameters is not easy to repeat and the like are solved, the calculation resources are saved, and the research of the wind load of the surface of the structure under different wind direction parameters is convenient to develop under different wind direction conditions.
Referring to fig. 2 again, based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment further provides a building wind pressure simulation device, which comprises a wind tunnel for wind tunnel test, a wedge 1, a rough element 2 and a green plant model, wherein the wedge 1, the rough element 2 and the green plant model are arranged in the wind tunnel. The green plant model comprises a green plant model 3 to be tested and an interference green plant model 4, wherein the wedge 1, the rough element 2, the green plant model 3 to be tested and the interference green plant model 4 are arranged in the wind tunnel according to the building design and the similarity criteria. Meanwhile, the green planting model 3 to be measured is placed on a force measuring balance 5, a laser displacement meter is further arranged in the wind tunnel, the force measuring balance 5 is used for acquiring wind load borne by green planting, and the laser displacement meter is used for acquiring displacement of the green planting tree crown. In addition, an anemometer 6 is further arranged behind the green plant model, the anemometer 6 is connected with a side shifting frame assembly 7, the position of the anemometer 6 is adjusted through the side shifting frame assembly 7, and the anemometer 6 is used for measuring wind speed. The wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different factors are collected by changing the shape, position, spacing, height and wind speed of the wedges 1 and the rough elements 2 according to the factors such as the shape, the type, the height, the spacing, the arrangement mode, the crown ventilation rate, the incoming wind speed, the wind field topography type and the like of different green plants.
It should be noted that, since the green plants are planted in a plurality of rows, the situation of the adjacent green plant interference needs to be considered, that is, the to-be-tested green plant model 3 and the interference green plant model 4 for interference are set, and the interference green plant model 4 is set outside the to-be-tested green plant model 3.
The building wind pressure simulation device provided in this embodiment has the same advantages as the building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method described above, and will not be described here again.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples merely represent several embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing an orthogonal test, and researching the influence of the height, shape, porosity, quantity and type of green plants on the characteristics of wind fields;
s2, placing the green plants into a wind tunnel, starting a wind tunnel test, obtaining wind field characteristic test data under the influence of different green plant parameters, and establishing a database;
s3, parameterizing the green planting resistance, fitting the green planting resistance coefficients under different influence factors according to a database, obtaining an empirical formula, and constructing a green planting resistance equivalent model;
s4, building a geometric model of a green plant and a building structure in grid division software, dividing grids, discretizing a calculation domain, then introducing the discretized calculation domain into fluid simulation software for iterative calculation, setting a green plant arrangement area as a porous medium, introducing a pressure loss term to correct a momentum equation, and obtaining flow parameters of air flow after flowing through the porous medium;
and S5, setting target monitoring points, extracting wind pressure and wind speed data of any point on the flow field and the surface of the building structure after iterative calculation, and obtaining wind loads of the outer facade of the building under the influence of different green planting parameters by weighting the product of the average wind pressure and the area according to the load specification of the building structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wind field characteristic test data includes post-tree wind pressure, wind speed and green plant parameters.
3. The building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method according to claim 2, wherein the sampling time of the full scale model is converted according to the test time scale ratio, a plurality of standard time interval test data are collected at the same wind direction angle, random errors of tests are reduced, test data of different working conditions under the full wind direction angle are collected, and a multi-parameter wind field characteristic database after green tree planting is established.
4. The building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical method according to claim 1, wherein the green plant resistance coefficient in S3 is:
c d ＝f(u,s,β) (1)
wherein f is an empirical function, u is the incoming wind speed, s is the windward area of the green plant, and beta is the penetration rate of the green plant.
5. The method for building wind pressure simulation equivalent numerical value according to claim 4, wherein the momentum equation correction in S4 is:
where u represents speed, p is pressure, ρ is air density, D i The drag source term is denoted by D (z):
wherein A is f Is the average windward area of vegetation in the unit, dzThe unit height of the green plants, U is the average wind speed, h is the average height of the green plants, c d Is a green plant resistance coefficient.
6. The building wind pressure simulation device is characterized by comprising a wind tunnel for wind tunnel test, a wedge, a rough element, a green plant model, a force measuring balance, a laser displacement meter, an anemometer and a side shifting frame assembly, wherein the wedge, the rough element, the green plant model, the force measuring balance, the laser displacement meter and the anemometer are arranged in the wind tunnel;
the wedge with rough element sets gradually the place ahead of green model of planting for simulate the wind field topography, the dynamometry balance is used for acquireing the wind load that the model was planted to the green, the laser displacement meter is used for acquireing the crown displacement of the model is planted to the green, the anemograph sets up the rear of the model is planted to the green for measure the wind speed, the anemograph with move the frame subassembly and be connected, move the frame subassembly and be used for adjusting the position of anemograph.
7. The building wind pressure simulation device according to claim 6, wherein the green plant model comprises a green plant model to be tested and an interference green plant model for interference, the interference green plant model is arranged on the outer side of the green plant model to be tested, and the force measuring balance is connected with the green plant model to be tested.
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| US20220309201A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-09-29 | Southeast University | Artificial-intelligence-assisted method for providing urban design form and layout with improved wind environment |
| CN112528571A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Modeling method suitable for numerical wind tunnel simulation of near-ground turbulence characteristics |
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