CN117331470A - Online virtual reality image display method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Online virtual reality image display method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117331470A
CN117331470A CN202311385832.5A CN202311385832A CN117331470A CN 117331470 A CN117331470 A CN 117331470A CN 202311385832 A CN202311385832 A CN 202311385832A CN 117331470 A CN117331470 A CN 117331470A
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China
Prior art keywords
virtual reality
user
image
display
information
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CN202311385832.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭枫
彭良
徐明超
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Beijing Fengniao Image Electronic Commerce Co ltd
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Beijing Fengniao Image Electronic Commerce Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311385832.5A priority Critical patent/CN117331470A/en
Publication of CN117331470A publication Critical patent/CN117331470A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/04815Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04845Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/451Execution arrangements for user interfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/048Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/048023D-info-object: information is displayed on the internal or external surface of a three dimensional manipulable object, e.g. on the faces of a cube that can be rotated by the user
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/048Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/04806Zoom, i.e. interaction techniques or interactors for controlling the zooming operation

Abstract

The application discloses an online virtual reality image display method, a device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein the online virtual reality image display method comprises the following steps: acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database; generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display the plurality of images and the corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page; acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page; and responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user. The method and the device can perform efficient optimization processing on the image and display the image in a virtual reality mode.

Description

Online virtual reality image display method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electronic information and virtual reality, in particular to an online virtual reality image display method, an online virtual reality image display system, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer technology that functions to create and experience a virtual world. By simulating human viewing and touch, a user can personally enter a highly realistic three-dimensional virtual environment. In the case of VR technology applied to online photo shows, the spectators can explore and interact with the presented virtual reality images in a real-world-like fashion, thereby obtaining an immersive experience in participating in the online VR photo show. Image data processing is an indispensable task for VR photography including optimizing a photographic work and presenting it as a virtual reality image, and storing the virtual reality image subjected to optimization processing. Because online VR filming requires the management of large amounts of image data, more efficient image data processing methods are needed to meet these needs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an online virtual reality image display method, system, electronic device, and storage medium, which can perform efficient optimization processing on an image and display the image in a virtual reality manner.
The application provides an online virtual reality image display method, which comprises the following steps:
Acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database;
generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display the plurality of images and the corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
and responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
Optionally, the method for displaying the online virtual reality image further includes:
converting the image data into a plurality of pictures based on a plurality of preset conversion formats;
compressing each picture;
responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image in the virtual three-dimensional space, comprising the following steps:
responding to an operation request sent by the user, and acquiring a compressed target picture corresponding to the operation request;
decompressing the compressed target picture;
determining a display mode of the decompressed target image according to the equipment used by the user;
And according to the operation request, adjusting the display mode of the decompressed target image in the virtual three-dimensional space.
Optionally, the method for displaying the online virtual reality image further includes: after obtaining an operation request for each user to interact with the virtual reality exhibition page,
acquiring behavior data of interaction between a user and the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
judging the next operation behavior of the user through a preset prediction model based on the behavior data;
determining target content and non-target content based on the next operation behavior;
and acquiring the target content, judging whether an instruction of browsing the non-target content by a user is detected, if so, acquiring the non-target content, and if not, stopping acquiring the non-target content, wherein the target content comprises the compressed target picture.
Optionally, the method for displaying the online virtual reality image further includes:
calling a three-dimensional model, and adjusting the three-dimensional model based on optimization target parameters;
and generating a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page based on the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model.
Optionally, the adjusting the three-dimensional model based on the optimization target parameter includes:
determining target values and constraint conditions to determine the optimization target parameters;
based on a preset algorithm, adjusting the three-dimensional model;
outputting a first optimized three-dimensional model when the model parameters of the adjusted three-dimensional model reach the target values and are within the range of the constraint conditions;
based on a new preset algorithm, the three-dimensional model is adjusted to obtain a second optimized three-dimensional model with model parameters reaching the target value and within the range of the constraint condition;
comparing the model parameters of the first optimized three-dimensional model with the model parameters of the second optimized three-dimensional model, and taking the first optimized three-dimensional model or the second optimized three-dimensional model as the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model according to a comparison result.
Optionally, the method for displaying the online virtual reality image further includes:
detecting the current usage amount of computing resources, wherein the computing resources are used for processing user management tasks and content management tasks, the user management tasks at least comprise acquiring and responding to operation requests of each user, and the content management tasks at least comprise acquiring, calling and sending the image data and the exhibition information;
If the usage amount of the computing resources is detected to be larger than a preset threshold value, generating alarm information, and connecting a new database server as a network node to increase the computing resources;
and if the usage amount of the computing resource is detected to be smaller than a preset threshold value, disconnecting the network node from the current database server serving as the network node so as to reduce the computing resource.
Optionally, the method for displaying the online virtual reality image further includes:
and acquiring an image carrying exhibition information uploaded by a user, converting the image into a character string based on a preset coding mode, and storing the character string into the database.
Correspondingly, the application provides an online virtual reality image display system, which comprises a front-end server and a back-end server;
the back-end server is used for acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database and sending the image data and the exhibition information to the front-end server;
the front-end server is used for generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display the plurality of images and the corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
The back-end server is used for acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
the front-end server is used for responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
In addition, the application further provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of the online virtual reality image display method according to any one of the above steps when executing the program.
On the basis of the above, the application further provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the online virtual reality image displaying method according to any of the above.
The application provides an online virtual reality image display method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, firstly, image data and display information are acquired from a database, then, based on the image data and the display information, a virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in a browser so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding display information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, then, operation requests of interaction between each user and the virtual reality exhibition hall page are acquired, finally, the operation requests sent by the users are responded, the display mode of displaying the images or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space is adjusted, and the images or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode are sent to the users. According to the method and the device, the virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in the browser, so that a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information are displayed in the virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, and the fact that enough virtual three-dimensional space is used for storing and displaying the images and the exhibition information is guaranteed, so that a large amount of image data is effectively managed. In addition, the display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space is adjusted by responding to the operation request sent by the user, the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode is sent to the user, interaction between the user and the virtual reality image is achieved, and meanwhile stability and fluency of the system are ensured when a large number of users access.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an online virtual reality image display method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an online virtual reality image display system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application. The various embodiments described below and their technical features can be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of an online virtual reality image display method according to an embodiment of the present application.
The application provides an online virtual reality image display method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database.
It will be appreciated that the images and display information in the virtual reality display, for example, display introduction text information, introduction text information corresponding to each image, are from a database.
In this embodiment, the MongoDB database is used to store image data and exhibition information, and when the image and the exhibition information need to be exhibited in the virtual reality exhibition hall, the MongoDB database is connected and operated, so that the image data and the exhibition information can be acquired from the MongoDB database.
Further, the image data and display information in the database are uploaded by the exhibitor, for example, the photographer may upload his or her work of photography to the database, and the display staff may upload the electronic painting of the artist to the database.
Optionally, in some embodiments, an image carrying exhibition information uploaded by the user is acquired, and based on a preset encoding mode, the image is converted into a character string and then stored in a database.
In a specific embodiment, after an image carrying exhibition information uploaded by a user is acquired, the image is converted into a character string encoded by Base64, and the character string is directly stored in a MongoDB document.
Optionally, in some embodiments, an image carrying the exhibition information uploaded by the user is acquired, and the image is converted into an image in a preset format and then stored in the database.
In a specific embodiment, the preset format is set to GridFS, and files in BSON documents greater than 16MB may be stored and retrieved.
Optionally, in some embodiments, an image carrying the exhibition information uploaded by the user is acquired, the image is uploaded to a network storage space, and then the identification code of the uniform resource locator of the image stored in the network storage space is saved to the database.
In a specific embodiment, the picture is uploaded to a network storage space, namely a file storage system or cloud storage (such as Amazon S3, google Cloud Storage, etc.), then the identification code URL of the uniform resource locator of the image stored in the network storage space is saved to a mongo db database, and the URL of the picture is only stored in the mongo db database.
And S2, generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in the browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page.
It can be understood that in the virtual reality exhibition hall page, the pictures are displayed in a three-dimensional form in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, a user can freely move to view, and exhibition information of each picture or total exhibition information of the exhibition hall can be displayed in a three-dimensional form according to the requirements of the user.
In one particular embodiment, a virtual reality exhibition page with a virtual three-dimensional space is created through an A-Frame framework and is run in a WebVR compatible browser.
Specifically, firstly, an HTML web page file is newly created, secondly, a library of a-frames, for example, a 3D model and program needed in the library of a-frames, is introduced into a web page code 'head' of the HTML web page file, then, a VR scene is created, 3D objects, for example, various basic 3D shapes, such as balls, squares, etc., are added in the VR scene, and finally, rays and cameras are added, finally, operations and tests are performed, on one hand, the HTML file is saved and on the other hand, the contents can be directly checked in VR mode through VR devices (such as Oculus lift or HTC live) to complete operations and tests.
In another particular embodiment, a virtual reality exhibition page with a virtual three-dimensional space is created through a three.js framework and is run in a WebVR compatible browser.
Similarly, firstly, newly creating an HTML webpage file, secondly, introducing a library of three.js into webpage codes 'head' of the HTML webpage file, then creating a VR scene, adding light rays, a camera and a WebGL renderer into the VR scene, thirdly, after adding 3D objects into the VR scene, rendering the scene in an animation loop, then adding VR support by using 'WebXRManager', ensuring that the VR scene is correctly rendered in VR mode, and finally, running and testing, on one hand, saving the HTML file and opening it in a browser supported by WebVR, and on the other hand, viewing contents in VR mode directly through VR devices (such as an eye river or HTC Vive) to finish running and testing.
Whether a virtual reality exhibition page with a virtual three-dimensional space built using a-frames or three.js, it is necessary to configure the WebXR API at the browser to run the virtual reality exhibition page in the VR mode of the browser.
S3, acquiring an operation request for each user to interact with the virtual reality exhibition hall page.
It will be appreciated that a virtual reality exhibition hall page can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously, thus requiring multiple users to handle the operation requests for the page simultaneously.
In some embodiments, each user's operation request to interact with the virtual reality exhibition page is obtained through the virtual reality exhibition page, requiring an application to handle the various requests and data storage operations.
Further, the step of creating this application is as follows:
firstly, create a project, this embodiment takes a node. Js project as an example, secondly, install packages for the project, for example, 'Express' (Web framework), 'monglose' (ODM (object data model) library of monglodb), 'body-partner' (middleware of parsing request body), and again connect databases, for example, monglodb databases, then create Express application and corresponding API interface under the project, process requests through API interface and interact with databases to call data, for example, because of API interface, allow cross-domain request, and at the same time can obtain all display information through 'API/exhibits', or obtain specific display information through 'API/exhibits/: id'.
After running the application, either 'http:// localhost 3000/users' can be accessed to get all users, or a POST request can be used to send JSON data to the URL to add a new user.
Further, functions such as error handling, verification, authorization, logging, etc. may also be added to the application.
And S4, responding to an operation request sent by a user, adjusting a display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the display mode adjustment to the user.
It will be appreciated that the user may interact with the virtual reality exhibition page by adding navigation, zooming in, zooming out, rotating, etc., adding navigation to display exhibition information, zooming in, zooming out or rotating the picture in the virtual three-dimensional space, and then sending the picture to the user in a new form. For example, when the user a enlarges the picture C in the virtual three-dimensional space, the enlarged picture C will be displayed to the user a, and when the user B rotates the picture D in the virtual three-dimensional space, the rotated picture D will be displayed to the user B.
When a large amount of pictures and exhibition information exist in the virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, the loading speed of the page is reduced, and in order to accelerate the loading speed of the page, image data needs to be processed.
Optionally, in some embodiments, using a Content Delivery Network (CDN), the image is obtained from a server that is the fastest for the user to obtain, thereby speeding up the loading of the virtual reality showroom pages.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the image is saved to a cache of the browser, such that the image is retrieved from the cache of the browser when the user browses the image again in the virtual reality exhibition page.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the online virtual reality image display method further includes: converting the image data into a plurality of pictures (one for each preset conversion format) based on the plurality of preset conversion formats; each picture is compressed. Based on the above, in response to an operation request sent by a user, adjusting a display manner of displaying an image in a virtual three-dimensional space, including: responding to an operation request sent by a user, and acquiring a compressed target picture corresponding to the operation request; decompressing the compressed target picture; determining a display mode of the decompressed target image according to equipment used by a user; and according to the operation request, adjusting the display mode of the decompressed target image in the virtual three-dimensional space.
In some embodiments, the preset conversion format is selected according to the requirement, and different conversion formats have different compression algorithms and application scenes. For example, PNG format or SVG format is the best choice for images with a small number of colors. For photographs, the JPEG format may be a better choice. New formats, such as WebP format, provide better compression but may not be supported by all browsers, requiring selection for compatibility.
It will be appreciated that the step of determining the manner of displaying the decompressed target image according to the device used by the user and displaying the decompressed target image to the user refers to adapting and providing the most suitable image version according to the device characteristics (such as the screen size, resolution, viewport size or other factors of the device), and then displaying the decompressed target image to the user according to the most suitable image version. The aim is to ensure that the user can obtain an optimal visual experience under various device and network conditions, while avoiding unnecessary data transmission.
Further, according to the equipment used by the user, determining the display mode of the decompressed target image, and displaying the decompressed target image to the user, the specific implementation method of the steps comprises the following steps:
optionally, setting < img srset > in the virtual reality exhibition page, i.e. using the 'srset' attribute, multiple image sources may be provided for the 'img' tag, and the browser may select the most appropriate image according to the pixel ratio and viewport size of the device.
Optionally, setting < picture > ' and ' source ' in the virtual reality exhibition page, and using the ' picture > ' element and the ' source ' sub-element therein, different image sources can be provided for different devices and screen characteristics.
Optionally, a CSS background picture is set in the virtual reality exhibition page, and different background images can be provided for different view ports and device characteristics using CSS media queries.
The method can ensure that each device obtains the optimized image, thereby realizing faster loading speed and better user experience.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, the delayed loading is set by means of delayed loading, i.e. loading a page with an image and the acquisition of the image only when the user scrolls to the image, in particular by means of the code' loading= "lazy" attribute at the browser.
Further, in some embodiments, the online virtual reality image presentation method further comprises: the following steps are performed after the operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition page is acquired:
(110) And acquiring behavior data of interaction between the user and the virtual reality exhibition hall page.
In some embodiments, the behavior data that may be collected includes page scroll speed and direction, mouse movement trajectory and speed, user dwell time on the page, historical browsing data (e.g., which portions or links the user frequently accesses).
(120) And judging the next operation behavior of the user through a preset prediction model based on the behavior data.
It should be noted that after the behavior data is acquired, significant features need to be extracted from the behavior data, for example, an average moving speed, a moving direction, a recent acceleration, etc. are extracted from the mouse moving data, and the behavior data is labeled, that is, a label is assigned to each data point based on historical data or expert knowledge, to indicate an expected behavior of the user, for example, whether the user clicks a button or a link.
Before the behavior data is input into the prediction model for operation, the method further comprises the following preparation steps:
a suitable supervised learning model is selected based on the nature of the problem, alternatively for a bi-classified problem (e.g., whether the user would click on a link), a logistic regression model, a support vector machine model, or a random forest model may be selected, but for a multi-classified or regression problem, other models may be required.
Dividing the marked behavior data into training set data and verification set data, training the selected supervised learning model by using the training set data, and evaluating the trained supervised learning model by using the verification set data, wherein common evaluation indexes comprise accuracy, recall rate, F1 score and an AUC-ROC curve.
When the evaluation index is reached, taking the verified supervised learning model as a preset prediction model, and judging the next operation behavior of the user through the preset prediction model.
Further, since the user's behavior may change over time, new data is collected, re-labeled, trained, and updated periodically.
It will be appreciated that analysis of user behavior data with supervised learning requires extensive understanding of the data, selection of appropriate models and features, and continuous optimization and updating. This may help us better understand the intent and needs of the user, providing a better user experience.
(130) Based on the next operational behavior, targeted content and non-targeted content are determined.
In this embodiment, different decisions are determined based on different next operational behaviors. If the next action of the user is to view a certain part or click a certain link, the resource (such as a picture, video or text information) related to the certain part or click a certain link can be loaded in advance, that is, the target content (such as the picture, video or text information) needing to be loaded in advance can be determined, and the other content is non-target content.
(140) And acquiring target content, judging whether an instruction of browsing non-target content by a user is detected, if so, acquiring the non-target content, and if not, stopping acquiring the non-target content, wherein the target content comprises a compressed target picture.
If the target content is the target content, the target content is loaded in advance, so that a user can conveniently and quickly acquire the target content. And if the user does not view the non-target content to be viewed by the next action of the user, loading by adopting a delayed loading strategy, or even if some non-target content with extremely low probability of being viewed by the next action of the user is not loaded, for example, when a mouse of the user scrolls to a picture of a certain non-target content, an instruction of the user for browsing the non-target content is detected, a page where the picture of the non-target content is located is loaded, and the picture of the non-target content is acquired. If the mouse of the user scrolls to the picture of a certain non-target content, the picture of the non-target content is not loaded and not acquired.
By predicting the possible next operation of the user, the system can more intelligently determine which resources should be loaded immediately and which should be delayed, so as to avoid slowing down the loading speed of the page due to loading the whole content (picture, video or text information) of the page at one time.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the online virtual reality image presentation method further includes: after converting image data into a plurality of pictures based on a plurality of preset conversion formats, processing each picture obtained by conversion to obtain a plurality of first views of each picture at a plurality of preset angles; obtaining a plurality of second views of the virtual three-dimensional space at a plurality of preset angles; and fusing the corresponding first view and second view to obtain display pictures when a user browses the image data at any preset angle, and compressing and storing each display picture in a database.
The above preset angles may be determined according to a common key angle when one or more users browse the image data, for example, the preset angles may be key angles of 30 degrees on the left side, 45 degrees on the left side, 75 degrees on the left side, 30 degrees on the right side, 45 degrees on the right side, 75 degrees on the right side, and the like. Taking 7 preset angles as an example, each picture has 7 first views corresponding to the 7 preset angles, the virtual three-dimensional space also has 7 second views at the 7 preset angles, and the corresponding first views and the second views are fused (for example, the first view at 30 degrees on the left side and the second view at 30 degrees on the left side are fused), so that a display picture when a user browses image data at any preset angle is obtained.
On the basis, the online virtual reality image display method further comprises the following steps: after determining the target content and the non-target content based on the next operation behavior, predicting a browsing order of the user for the image data (for example, browsing the image data in a number increasing manner) based on the behavior data; according to the browsing sequence, acquiring all compressed display pictures corresponding to N pieces of image data to be browsed after target content from a database, decompressing and caching the display pictures in a user local area, wherein N is a positive integer between 2 and 10, and can be specifically determined according to the time of browsing single image data, and the longer the time is, the smaller the numerical value of N is; when a user browses one of N image data to be browsed, and the real-time network speed of the user is smaller than a preset threshold value, responding to an operation request sent by the user, locally calling the display picture of the image data corresponding to the preset angle from the user to be displayed to the user, at the moment, displaying of the picture of the key angle can be realized without occupying the network speed of the user, and the user is ensured to obtain basic interactive experience. If the operation request and the preset angle cannot be completely matched, selecting a display picture with the closest preset angle for display, for example, if the operation request corresponds to 80-degree image data from the left side, locally retrieving a display picture with 75-degree left side from the user for display.
In addition, in order to provide a smooth VR experience, optimization adjustments to the 3D model are required.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the online virtual reality image presentation method further includes:
in order to increase the rendering speed, reduce the memory usage and reduce the download time, the three-dimensional model is adjusted in the following ways:
the number of polygons is a key factor in determining the model rendering rate. The number of polygons of a three-dimensional model is reduced using a polygon reduction or reduction tool in a 3D modeling tool (e.g., blender, maya, etc.).
Texture of the three-dimensional model is reduced to reduce memory usage and loading time of the GPU.
Texture atlas is used to merge multiple textures in a three-dimensional model into one, thereby reducing draw calls at rendering.
Several different levels of detail are created for the model and the appropriate level is selected for rendering based on the camera-to-model distance. Models that are farther away use lower levels of detail.
The geometry inside the model or occluded by other objects is deleted.
Rendering can be accelerated using a simple shader and a small amount of material.
If there are multiple identical three-dimensional model objects in the scene, the rendering speed can be greatly increased by using instantiation.
And calling the three-dimensional model, and adjusting the three-dimensional model based on the optimization target parameters.
Alternatively, the optimization objective parameters may be the number or percentage of polygon objectives, texture optimization options or LOD levels and settings.
And generating a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page based on the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model.
Specifically, in some other embodiments, the step of adjusting the three-dimensional model based on the optimization objective parameter further comprises:
(210) Target values and constraints are determined to determine optimization target parameters.
(220) And adjusting the three-dimensional model based on a preset algorithm.
Alternatively, the preset algorithm may be a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, or a gradient descent algorithm.
Taking the particle swarm optimization algorithm as an example, in a first step, a particle swarm is initialized, and the position of each particle represents one possible solution in the solution space. Each particle has a velocity that determines its direction and distance of movement in the solution space. Each particle remembers the best of its visited locations; secondly, evaluating the current position of each particle by using an objective function, which is beneficial to determining the quality of the solution; thirdly, updating the speed and the position of the particles; and step four, judging whether the algorithm meets certain convergence conditions, if the maximum iteration times are reached, the improvement of the objective function is smaller than a certain threshold value or other stopping criteria, if the convergence conditions are not met, returning to step 2, otherwise, outputting the best position (solution) found in the group and the corresponding objective function value. Wherein for each particle in the population, the velocity and position of the particle is updated according to the following formula:
Wherein,for the speed of particle i at time t+1, < >>For the position of particle i at time t+1, w is the inertial weight, c 1 c 2 Are learning factors, r 1 r 2 Is [0,1]Random numbers within range, p best G for the best position visited by particle i best The best location visited for the entire population.
(230) And outputting the first optimized three-dimensional model when the model parameters of the adjusted three-dimensional model reach the target values and are within the range of the constraint conditions.
(240) Based on a new preset algorithm, the three-dimensional model is adjusted to obtain a second optimized three-dimensional model with model parameters reaching target values and within the range of constraint conditions.
It will be appreciated that depending on the result of the analysis, a new algorithm is selected, which may be a preset algorithm that adjusts the algorithm parameters or another preset algorithm is selected, and then the new algorithm is re-executed. This process may require multiple iterations until a satisfactory optimized three-dimensional model is obtained.
(250) Comparing the model parameters of the first optimized three-dimensional model with the model parameters of the second optimized three-dimensional model, and taking the first optimized three-dimensional model or the second optimized three-dimensional model as an adjusted optimal three-dimensional model according to a comparison result.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the online virtual reality image display method further includes:
Detecting the current consumption of computing resources, wherein the computing resources are used for processing user management tasks and content management tasks, the user management tasks at least comprise acquiring and responding to operation requests of each user, and the content management tasks at least comprise acquiring, calling and sending image data and exhibition information; if the usage amount of the computing resources is detected to be larger than a preset threshold value, generating alarm information, and connecting a new database server as a network node to increase the computing resources; if the usage amount of the computing resource is detected to be smaller than the preset threshold value, disconnecting the network node from the current database server serving as the network node so as to reduce the computing resource.
In a specific embodiment, the development resource monitoring function is added in the node. Js project, that is, the 'os' module is set in the node. Js project to obtain the CPU and memory use condition of the server, periodically detect the calculated resource use amount, and increase or decrease the calculation resource according to the current use amount of the calculation resource.
In this embodiment, the current usage amount of the computing resource is detected, and the CPU or the memory usage rate may be used as the usage amount of the computing resource, and a load balancer may be further set to distribute the incoming traffic.
Further, the online virtual reality image display method further includes generating a development background management interface to display the usage amount of the computing resource and the number of the database servers currently connected through the development background management interface, and controlling the number of the database servers connected through the development background management interface.
The application provides an online virtual reality image display method, which comprises the steps of firstly, acquiring image data and display information from a database, then, generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the display information so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding display information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, then, acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page, finally, responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting a display mode of displaying the images or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the images or the display information after the display mode adjustment to the user. According to the method and the device, the virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in the browser, so that a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information are displayed in the virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, and the fact that enough virtual three-dimensional space is used for storing and displaying the images and the exhibition information is guaranteed, so that a large amount of image data is effectively managed. In addition, the display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space is adjusted by responding to the operation request sent by the user, the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode is sent to the user, interaction between the user and the virtual reality image is achieved, and meanwhile stability and fluency of the system are ensured when a large number of users access.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an online virtual reality image display system according to an embodiment of the present application.
The application also provides an online virtual reality image display system, which comprises a front-end server 201 and a back-end server 202.
The back-end server 202 is configured to obtain image data and exhibition information from the database, and send the image data and the exhibition information to the front-end server 201.
The front-end server 201 is configured to generate a virtual reality exhibition hall page in the browser based on the image data and the exhibition information, so as to present a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page.
The back-end server 202 is configured to obtain an operation request for each user to interact with the virtual reality exhibition hall page.
The front-end server 201 is configured to adjust a display mode of displaying images or exhibition information in the virtual three-dimensional space in response to an operation request sent by a user, and send the images or exhibition information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the virtual reality image processing system further comprises a compression module for:
converting the image data into a plurality of pictures based on a preset conversion format; compressing each picture; when an instruction of a user for browsing the compressed target picture is detected, acquiring the compressed target picture; decompressing the compressed target picture; and determining a display mode of the decompressed target image according to equipment used by the user, and displaying the decompressed target image to the user.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the virtual reality image processing system further comprises a prediction module for:
acquiring behavior data of interaction between a user and a virtual reality exhibition hall page; judging the next operation behavior of the user through a preset prediction model based on the behavior data; determining target content and non-target content based on the next operation behavior; and acquiring target content, judging whether an instruction of browsing non-target content by a user is detected, if so, acquiring the non-target content, and if not, stopping acquiring the non-target content, wherein the target content comprises a compressed target picture.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the virtual reality image processing system further comprises a model optimization module for:
calling the three-dimensional model, and adjusting the three-dimensional model based on the optimization target parameters; and generating a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page based on the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the model optimization module is further configured to:
determining target values and constraint conditions to determine optimization target parameters; based on a preset algorithm, adjusting the three-dimensional model; outputting a first optimized three-dimensional model when the model parameters of the adjusted three-dimensional model reach the target values and are in the range of the constraint conditions; based on a new preset algorithm, the three-dimensional model is adjusted to obtain a second optimized three-dimensional model with model parameters reaching target values and within the range of constraint conditions; comparing the model parameters of the first optimized three-dimensional model with the model parameters of the second optimized three-dimensional model, and taking the first optimized three-dimensional model or the second optimized three-dimensional model as an adjusted optimal three-dimensional model according to a comparison result.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the virtual reality image processing system further comprises a monitoring module for:
detecting the current consumption of computing resources, wherein the computing resources are used for processing user management tasks and content management tasks, the user management tasks at least comprise acquiring and responding to operation requests of each user, and the content management tasks at least comprise acquiring, calling and sending image data and exhibition information; if the usage amount of the computing resources is detected to be larger than a preset threshold value, generating alarm information, and connecting a new database server as a network node to increase the computing resources; if the usage amount of the computing resource is detected to be smaller than the preset threshold value, disconnecting the network node from the current database server serving as the network node so as to reduce the computing resource.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the virtual reality image processing system further comprises a storage module for:
and acquiring an image carrying exhibition information uploaded by a user, converting the image into a character string based on a preset coding mode, and storing the character string into a database.
The application provides an online virtual reality image display system, firstly, a back-end server 202 acquires image data and display information from a database, then, a front-end server 201 generates a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the display information so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding display information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, then, the back-end server 202 acquires an operation request for each user to interact with the virtual reality exhibition hall page, finally, the front-end server 201 responds to the operation request sent by the user, adjusts a display mode of displaying the images or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sends the images or the display information after the display mode adjustment to the user. According to the method and the device, the virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in the browser, so that a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information are displayed in the virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, and the fact that enough virtual three-dimensional space is used for storing and displaying the images and the exhibition information is guaranteed, so that a large amount of image data is effectively managed. In addition, the display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space is adjusted by responding to the operation request sent by the user, the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode is sent to the user, interaction between the user and the virtual reality image is achieved, and meanwhile stability and fluency of the system are ensured when a large number of users access.
In addition, the embodiment of the application further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 3, which shows a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the application, specifically:
the electronic device may include one or more processing cores 'processors 301, one or more computer-readable storage media's memory 302, power supply 303, and input unit 304, among other components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the electronic device structure shown in fig. 3 is not limiting of the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or may be arranged in different components. Wherein:
the processor 301 is a control center of the electronic device, connects various parts of the entire electronic device using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 302, and calling data stored in the memory 302, thereby performing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Optionally, processor 301 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 301 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor primarily handles operating systems, user interfaces, applications, etc., and the modem processor primarily handles wireless communications. It will be appreciated that the modem processor described above may not be integrated into the processor 301.
The memory 302 may be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor 301 executes various functional applications and image information communication methods by executing the software programs and modules stored in the memory 302. The memory 302 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.) required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device, etc. In addition, memory 302 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 302 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 301 with access to the memory 302.
The electronic device further comprises a power supply 303 for powering the various components, preferably the power supply 303 is logically connected to the processor 301 by a power management system, whereby the functions of managing charging, discharging, and power consumption are performed by the power management system. The power supply 303 may also include one or more of any components, such as a direct current or alternating current power supply, a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator, and the like.
The electronic device may further comprise an input unit 304, which input unit 304 may be used for receiving input digital or character information and for generating keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs in connection with user settings and function control.
Although not shown, the electronic device may further include a display unit or the like, which is not described herein. In particular, in this embodiment, the processor 301 in the electronic device loads executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 302 according to the following instructions, and the processor 301 executes the application programs stored in the memory 302, so as to implement various functions as follows:
acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database; generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page; acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with a virtual reality exhibition hall page; and responding to an operation request sent by a user, adjusting a display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
The specific implementation of each operation above may be referred to the previous embodiments, and will not be described herein.
The application provides electronic equipment, firstly, image data and exhibition information are obtained from a database, then, based on the image data and the exhibition information, a virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in a browser so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, then, operation requests of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page are obtained, finally, the operation requests sent by the users are responded, the display mode of displaying the images or the exhibition information in the virtual three-dimensional space is regulated, and the images or the exhibition information after the regulation of the display mode are sent to the users. According to the method and the device, the virtual reality exhibition hall page is generated in the browser, so that a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information are displayed in the virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page, and the fact that enough virtual three-dimensional space is used for storing and displaying the images and the exhibition information is guaranteed, so that a large amount of image data is effectively managed. In addition, the display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space is adjusted by responding to the operation request sent by the user, the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode is sent to the user, interaction between the user and the virtual reality image is achieved, and meanwhile stability and fluency of the system are ensured when a large number of users access.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps of the various methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling associated hardware, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.
To this end, embodiments of the present application provide a storage medium having stored therein a plurality of instructions capable of being loaded by a processor to perform steps in any of the online virtual reality image presentation methods provided by embodiments of the present application. For example, the instructions may perform the steps of:
acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database; generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display a plurality of images and corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page; acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with a virtual reality exhibition hall page; and responding to an operation request sent by a user, adjusting a display mode of displaying images or display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the images or display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
The specific implementation of each operation above may be referred to the previous embodiments, and will not be described herein.
Wherein the storage medium may include: read Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), magnetic or optical disk, and the like.
The instructions stored in the storage medium can execute steps in any on-line virtual reality image display method provided by the embodiments of the present application, so that the beneficial effects that any on-line virtual reality image display method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be achieved, and detailed descriptions of the previous embodiments are omitted herein.
Although the application has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. This application is intended to cover all such modifications and variations, and is limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
That is, the foregoing embodiments are merely examples of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the contents of the present application, such as the combination of technical features of the embodiments, or direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the patent protection of the present application.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
In addition, the present application may use the same or different reference numerals for structural elements having the same or similar characteristics. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In this application, the description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the above description, various details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes have not been shown in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the present application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An on-line virtual reality image display method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database;
generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display the plurality of images and the corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
and responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
2. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 1, further comprising:
converting the image data into a plurality of pictures based on a plurality of preset conversion formats;
compressing each picture;
responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image in the virtual three-dimensional space, comprising the following steps:
responding to an operation request sent by the user, and acquiring a compressed target picture corresponding to the operation request;
decompressing the compressed target picture;
determining a display mode of the decompressed target image according to the equipment used by the user;
and according to the operation request, adjusting the display mode of the decompressed target image in the virtual three-dimensional space.
3. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 2, further comprising: after obtaining an operation request for each user to interact with the virtual reality exhibition page,
acquiring behavior data of interaction between a user and the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
judging the next operation behavior of the user through a preset prediction model based on the behavior data;
Determining target content and non-target content based on the next operation behavior;
and acquiring the target content, judging whether an instruction of browsing the non-target content by a user is detected, if so, acquiring the non-target content, and if not, stopping acquiring the non-target content, wherein the target content comprises the compressed target picture.
4. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 1, further comprising:
calling a three-dimensional model, and adjusting the three-dimensional model based on optimization target parameters;
and generating a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page based on the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model.
5. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 4, wherein the adjusting the three-dimensional model based on optimization objective parameters comprises:
determining target values and constraint conditions to determine the optimization target parameters;
based on a preset algorithm, adjusting the three-dimensional model;
outputting a first optimized three-dimensional model when the model parameters of the adjusted three-dimensional model reach the target values and are within the range of the constraint conditions;
Based on a new preset algorithm, the three-dimensional model is adjusted to obtain a second optimized three-dimensional model with model parameters reaching the target value and within the range of the constraint condition;
comparing the model parameters of the first optimized three-dimensional model with the model parameters of the second optimized three-dimensional model, and taking the first optimized three-dimensional model or the second optimized three-dimensional model as the adjusted optimal three-dimensional model according to a comparison result.
6. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the current usage amount of computing resources, wherein the computing resources are used for processing user management tasks and content management tasks, the user management tasks at least comprise acquiring and responding to operation requests of each user, and the content management tasks at least comprise acquiring, calling and sending the image data and the exhibition information;
if the usage amount of the computing resources is detected to be larger than a preset threshold value, generating alarm information, and connecting a new database server as a network node to increase the computing resources;
and if the usage amount of the computing resource is detected to be smaller than a preset threshold value, disconnecting the network node from the current database server serving as the network node so as to reduce the computing resource.
7. The on-line virtual reality image display method of claim 1, further comprising:
and acquiring an image carrying exhibition information uploaded by a user, converting the image into a character string based on a preset coding mode, and storing the character string into the database.
8. An online virtual reality image display system is characterized by comprising a front-end server and a back-end server;
the back-end server is used for acquiring image data and exhibition information from a database and sending the image data and the exhibition information to the front-end server;
the front-end server is used for generating a virtual reality exhibition hall page in a browser based on the image data and the exhibition information so as to display the plurality of images and the corresponding exhibition information in a virtual three-dimensional space of the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
the back-end server is used for acquiring an operation request of each user for interaction with the virtual reality exhibition hall page;
the front-end server is used for responding to the operation request sent by the user, adjusting the display mode of displaying the image or the display information in the virtual three-dimensional space, and sending the image or the display information after the adjustment of the display mode to the user.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the online virtual reality image presentation method of any of claims 1-7 when the computer program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the online virtual reality image presentation method of any of claims 1-7.
CN202311385832.5A 2023-10-24 2023-10-24 Online virtual reality image display method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium Pending CN117331470A (en)

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