CN117330848B - Method for testing coupling immunity between wire harnesses in complex electromagnetic environment in vehicle - Google Patents
Method for testing coupling immunity between wire harnesses in complex electromagnetic environment in vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0871—Complete apparatus or systems; circuits, e.g. receivers or amplifiers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/001—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
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- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing interference immunity of coupling between wire harnesses in a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle, which relates to the technical field of electric disturbance testing caused by coupling of electric/electronic components of a road vehicle, and specifically comprises the following steps: classifying the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle according to the regions, collecting electromagnetic signals according to the vehicle state, sorting the collected electromagnetic signals, screening out data with the largest electromagnetic noise amplitude value in the wire harnesses in the regions, using the data for the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test, inputting the electromagnetic signals for the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test obtained in the previous step into a signal generator for calibration before test, and carrying out the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test on the electromagnetic signals after calibration and carrying out result judgment. According to the method, the real vehicle electromagnetic signals are injected into the wire harnesses through the coupling pliers, the coupling situation among the real vehicle wire harnesses is simulated, and the crosstalk risk of the wire harnesses under the same situation of the real vehicle is evaluated through the coupling anti-interference test among the wire harnesses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric disturbance test caused by coupling of electric/electronic components of a road vehicle, in particular to a method for testing coupling disturbance resistance among wiring harnesses in a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle.
Background
The vehicle may generate electrical disturbances and radio frequency disturbances during normal operation. These nuisance signals have a wide frequency range and can influence the on-board electrical/electronic components and systems by conduction, coupling or radiation. Currently, most vehicles are equipped with electrical/electronic components and systems for performing functions of control, monitoring and display, etc., which are subject to degradation and even permanent damage by harassments generated by the vehicle's own electrical/electronic system.
Test methods for conduction and coupling induced electrical disturbance of road vehicle electrical/electronic components (GB/T21437) specify test methods for conduction emission and immunity to electrical transients along power lines, immunity to electrical transients coupled to non-power lines, and conduction and immunity to electrical transients along high voltage shielded power lines. Wherein, the immunity of the evaluation component to the transient state of the power line or the data line is recommended to carry out bench test by adopting a test pulse generator (see GB/T21437.1-2021, GB/T21437.2-2021 and GB/T21437.3-2021 for details). Since some components are particularly sensitive to some characteristics of the electrical disturbance, such as pulse repetition rate, pulse width and time relative to other signals, the proposed method does not cover all transient forms generated in the vehicle, and has limitations.
The method of immunity test of road vehicle electrical/electronic components to narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy (GB/T33014) specifies the heavy current injection (BCI) method, a method of directly coupling a nuisance signal to a wiring harness using a current injection probe for immunity testing. The injection probe is a current transformer through which a wiring harness of a Device Under Test (DUT) passes, and an immunity test is performed by varying the severity of the test and the frequency of the induced disturbance.
The ability of a vehicle, electrical and electronic system/component to function properly in a vehicle electromagnetic environment without affecting the proper operation of other vehicles, systems/components is referred to as vehicle electromagnetic compatibility (Vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC). The EMC design and the EMC test complement each other, and the quality of the EMC design needs to be measured through the EMC test. In the whole process of EMC design and development of the product, compatibility prediction and evaluation of EMC are carried out, possible electromagnetic interference can be found out early, necessary inhibition and protection measures are taken, and therefore electromagnetic compatibility of the system is ensured.
The above-described test methods (transient immunity test method and high current injection (BCI) method) have the following disadvantages:
1. The test pulse generator adopted in the transient immunity test is only in a typical pulse form, and cannot cover various transient pulses possibly occurring on a vehicle, namely, pulse waveforms are fixed and different from interference waveforms in a complex electromagnetic environment of the whole vehicle, so that the problem of intersystem interference possibly occurring in actual use of the whole vehicle cannot be reflected.
2. The interference signal injected by the large current injection (BCI) method is a fixed modulation signal, and the current injection is only carried out under 100 KHz-400 MHz, so that the frequency of the interference signal and the modulation of the interference signal can not fully reflect the noise in the whole vehicle under the complex electromagnetic environment.
3. The method needs special equipment and environment, tests are carried out in a laboratory, the product verification is insufficient, the actual electromagnetic anti-interference performance of the product cannot be reflected, the test cost is increased, and the potential risk of coupling interference among wire harnesses exists in the whole vehicle.
The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for testing the coupling immunity between wire harnesses in a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle, comprising the following steps:
Classifying the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle according to the regions and collecting electromagnetic signals according to the vehicle state, carrying out data arrangement on the collected electromagnetic signals, screening out data with the largest electromagnetic noise amplitude value in the wire harnesses in the regions, using the data for the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test, inputting the electromagnetic signals for the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test obtained in the previous step into a signal generator for calibration before test, carrying out the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test on the electromagnetic signals after calibration, and carrying out result judgment;
the data with the largest electromagnetic noise breadth value in the wire harness in the area comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of reserving signal data with highest intensity for electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and reserving electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals; or (b)
The method comprises the steps of reserving signal data with the largest width of electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and reserving electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals; or (b)
And reserving signal data with the largest frequency range for electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and storing the electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals.
The method for classifying the wire harnesses of the whole car according to the areas comprises the following steps: an engine cabin wire harness, a passenger cabin wire harness, a vehicle door wire harness, a high-voltage wire harness, a vehicle body wire harness, a ceiling wire harness, an electric power steering wire harness, an engine grounding wire, a bottom plate wire harness, an instrument panel wire harness and a storage battery wire harness.
The vehicle state comprises a power-on state, a uniform running state, a vehicle acceleration state and a vehicle deceleration state.
The application discloses an inter-harness coupling anti-interference test method under a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle, which is characterized in that the wiring harnesses of the whole vehicle are classified according to areas and electromagnetic signals are collected according to the state of the vehicle, electromagnetic signals used for inter-harness coupling anti-interference test are tidied and screened out, the inter-harness coupling anti-interference test system under the complex electromagnetic environment in the vehicle is specifically composed of a signal generator, a coupling clamp and the like, the signal generator inputs electromagnetic signals collected by a real vehicle into the signal coupling clamp, finally, the real vehicle electromagnetic signals are injected into the wiring harnesses through the coupling clamp, the condition of inter-harness coupling of the real vehicle is simulated, and the crosstalk risk of the wiring harnesses under the same condition of the real vehicle is evaluated through the inter-harness coupling anti-interference test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a workflow diagram of a method for testing inter-harness coupling immunity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic signal acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration of an inter-harness coupling immunity test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an inter-harness coupling immunity test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Reference numerals and designations
1. Collecting signals; 2. signal processing; 3. a signal generator; 4. calibrating a system; 5. performing a test; 6. judging results; 7. spectrometer/oscilloscope; 8. a current clamp; 9. a test harness;
41. A PC computer; 42. a signal generator, 43, a coupling clamp; 44. a resistor; 45. oscilloscopes or Devices Under Test (DUTs); 46. and a power supply.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without the need for inventive faculty, are within the scope of the present disclosure, based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure.
For a clearer understanding of the technical solutions and embodiments of the present application, terms that may need to be understood will now be described.
Vehicle electromagnetic compatibility (Vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC): vehicles, electrical and electronic systems/components can function properly in a vehicle electromagnetic environment without affecting the ability of other vehicles, systems/components to function properly.
Capacitively coupled clamp (CAPACITIVE COUPLING CLAMP, CCC): the rapid transient test pulse is capacitively coupled to the signal line under test without the need for a special fixture to make electrical connection with the circuit terminals or any other portion of the device under test.
Direct capacitive Coupling (DIRECT CAPACITIVE Coupling, DCC): a method of coupling fast and slow transient test pulses to a device under test signal line using discrete, non-polar capacitors.
Inductively coupled clamp (Inductive Coupling Clamp, ICC): the slow transient test pulse is coupled to the signal line under test without the need for a probe for high current injection in electrical connection with the circuit terminals or any other part of the device under test.
Coupling: the interaction between electrical loops, an electromagnetic phenomenon that transfers energy from one loop to another.
Electromagnetic radiation: electromagnetic energy is an electromagnetic phenomenon that is emitted by a source into space and/or propagates in space in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Transient state: physical quantities or physical phenomena that change between two adjacent steady states and for a time less than the time scale of interest. To describe a single pulse or burst.
Device Under Test (DUT): an electrical/electronic device under test.
Manual network: and the device is connected in series at the power line of the tested device, provides specified load impedance for measuring disturbance voltage in a given frequency range and isolates the tested device from the power supply.
Technical terms and definitions for electromagnetic compatibility are detailed in the term of electromagnetic compatibility for road vehicles (GB/T29259).
The invention provides a method for testing interference immunity of coupling between wire harnesses in a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s101, classifying the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle according to the areas and collecting electromagnetic signals according to the vehicle state.
Most of the wire harnesses for vehicles are made of copper multi-core flexible wires which are wrapped with insulating materials, and the current of the wire harnesses in different areas is different. For example, the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle are classified by region and respectively named: an engine in-cabin harness (EH), a passenger in-cabin harness (WH), a Door Harness (DH), a high-voltage Harness (HV), a vehicle Body Harness (BH), a ceiling harness (RH), an electric power steering harness (EPH), an engine ground wire (EGH), a floor harness (UH), an Instrument Panel Harness (IPH), and a battery harness (BTH) ….
The vehicle state is divided into the following four states:
Mode1: in a power-on state, the generator/DCDC and the storage battery supply power simultaneously, and the vehicle is in a stationary state;
Mode2: in a constant-speed running state, the speed is 40 km/h;
Mode3: vehicle acceleration state: the vehicle accelerates from rest to 90 km/h;
mode4: the vehicle is gradually lowered from 90 km/h in a decelerating state and finally stops running.
The electromagnetic signals are collected by the wire harnesses which are used for classifying the whole vehicle according to the areas respectively in the vehicle state, the electromagnetic signals of the whole vehicle are collected by using a spectrometer or equivalent equipment and a current clamp through simulating the scene in the use process of a user, and the collected electromagnetic signals comprise information such as frequency range, intensity, breadth and width, so that the collected electromagnetic signals are real and reliable.
When electromagnetic signals are collected, the vehicle electrical appliances which are manually started are in an open state and are in a maximum working state, for example, a wiper needs to be in high-speed operation, the sound of a radio in the vehicle is maximum, an air conditioner is in a maximum state, all lamps are in working states, and an acceleration or deceleration storage battery is in working state. Furthermore, electromagnetic signals of the associated devices may be acquired when the respective functional devices initiate a shutdown switch.
S102, data sorting is conducted on the collected electromagnetic signals, and data with the largest electromagnetic noise breadth value in the wire harness in the area are screened out and used for coupling anti-interference testing among the wire harnesses.
The collected electromagnetic signals are subjected to data arrangement, defective electromagnetic signals are removed, for example, electromagnetic signals which are not collected by the collecting equipment in a normal working state are collected, signal data with highest intensity are reserved for electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms are used as alternative electromagnetic signals to be stored.
Table 1 electromagnetic signal acquisition meter
| Wire harness region | Frequency range/(KHz-GHz) | Signal strength/(dBw) | Matching impedance/(Ω) |
| Engine compartment wire harness (EH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Wire harness in passenger cabin (WH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Vehicle Door Harness (DH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| High-voltage wire Harness (HV) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Vehicle Body Harness (BH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Ceiling harness (RH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Electric power steering harness (EPH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Engine ground wire (EGH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Baseboard harness (UH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Instrument board harness (IPH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| Accumulator wire harness (BTH) | F1、F2、F3、…Fn | 50 | |
| …… | …… | …… | …… |
Description: there may be a plurality of measurement values (signal intensities), and the values of F1, F2, F3, … Fn have no order of magnitude relation, and measurement confirmation is performed according to the actual application situation of the vehicle and each functional system.
Taking signal intensity as an example, the noise measurement values of electromagnetic signals collected by the wire harness in each area in the whole vehicle are recorded according to the format in table 1: f1, F2, F3 and … Fn, wherein the measured values represent electromagnetic noise intensities on wiring harnesses of different systems and different arrangement areas of the whole vehicle and serve as test values for judging electromagnetic environment intensities, and the test values are test conditions for coupling disturbance rejection among wiring harnesses of various Devices Under Test (DUTs).
S103, inputting the electromagnetic signals for the inter-harness coupling immunity test obtained in the previous step into a signal generator for calibration before test.
The specific content of calibration before test is: electromagnetic signals for coupling immunity test among wiring harnesses are selected by sorting electromagnetic signal waveforms collected by a real vehicle, a calibration system is arranged for calibration according to fig. 3, a PC (personal computer) 41 is connected with a signal generator 42, one end of the signal generator 42 is connected with a coupling clamp 43, one end of the coupling clamp 43 is connected with a resistor 44, and the other end of the coupling clamp 43 is connected with an oscilloscope 45. The test waveform (electromagnetic signal) is input to the signal generator 42 through the PC computer 41, then is input to the coupling clamp 43 through the signal generator 42, meanwhile, the oscilloscope 45 is connected with the coupling clamp 43 to collect the input waveform (electromagnetic signal), the output waveform of the PC computer 41 is compared with the waveform collected by the oscilloscope 45, whether each parameter of the waveform meets the test requirement is confirmed, and the waveform parameters comprise amplitude, rising edge, period and the like.
S104, performing inter-harness coupling anti-interference test on the electromagnetic wave signals after calibration and judging results.
The coupling interference immunity test between the wire harnesses is carried out in a shielding room, and the grounding flat plate is a metal plate with the minimum thickness of 0.5mm, preferably a galvanized steel plate. The minimum width of the grounding plate is 1m, and the minimum length is 2m; it can also be set up with reference to the GB/T21437 method.
In performing test arrangement, a Device Under Test (DUT) may be connected to a device to which it is connected during normal operation by using a test harness or a product harness, with reference to the CCC method, DCC method, or ICC method in GB/T21437.3.
The housing ground of the Device Under Test (DUT) is set according to the actual installation of the vehicle.
The wire harness is placed on a sheet of insulating material at a distance of 0.5m above the ground plate, and the loads to which the wire harness is connected are all connected to the ground plate using the shortest wires.
The distance between the Device Under Test (DUT) and all other conductive results is greater than 0.5m to ensure minimal capacitive coupling independent of the Device Under Test (DUT).
Illustratively, the inter-harness coupling interference immunity test is performed in the CCC method.
The length of the wire harness through the Device Under Test (DUT) of the CCC is 1000 (+300/-0) mm, and the corresponding coupling clamp length is 1m.
The wire harness passing through the CCC is formed by arranging a single layer (1-20 cables) in a straight mode, a Device Under Test (DUT) is connected with the CCC, the other end of the CCC is connected with a resistor, and electromagnetic signals used for coupling immunity testing among the wire harnesses generate test pulses with the maximum value through a signal generator. The definition of pulses is described in detail in GB/T21437.2.
The signal generator is also electrically connected with the PC computer and used for editing and testing electromagnetic signal waveforms.
After all device connections are completed, a result determination is made based on the functional level failure definition of the Device Under Test (DUT).
Illustratively, the inter-harness coupling interference immunity test is performed by a DCC method.
The length of the wire harness through the Device Under Test (DUT) of the DCC is 1700 (+300/-0) mm.
The signal generator was connected to the capacitor by a 50 Ω coaxial cable less than 0.5m long, the wire harness was placed on a plate of insulating material 50mm above the ground plate, and the loads to which the wire harness was connected were all connected to the ground plate using the shortest wires.
The signal generator is connected to the capacitor through a 50Ω coaxial cable, the capacitor is connected to the wire harness through an injection line, both ends of the wire harness are respectively connected to a Device Under Test (DUT) and an analog load, and one end of the analog load is connected to a power supply.
The signal generator is also electrically connected with the PC computer and used for editing and testing electromagnetic signal waveforms.
After all device connections are completed, a result determination is made based on the functional level failure definition of the Device Under Test (DUT).
Illustratively, inter-harness coupling interference immunity testing is performed in an ICC method.
The signal generator is connected to the ICC by a 50Ω coaxial cable, the ICC is fixed by a standard clamp, and the outside of the standard clamp is connected to the analog load by a 50Ω coaxial cable, and the power supply is connected to one end of the analog load.
The signal generator is also electrically connected with the PC computer and used for editing and testing electromagnetic signal waveforms.
After all device connections are completed, a result determination is made based on the functional level failure definition of the Device Under Test (DUT) (see table 2).
TABLE 2 definition of functional level failure
| Function grade | Product functionality level failure definition. |
| Class A | The device or system can perform all its pre-designed functions during and after the application of the disturbance. |
| Class B | The device or system can perform all its pre-designed functions during the harassment application; however, there may be deviations beyond the specification of one or more indicators, such as small swings in gauges, flashing of screen displays, flashing of lights and backlights, etc., all of which automatically revert to within normal tolerances after testing. All functions automatically revert to within normal operating range after the disturbance has ceased to be applied. The storage function should be maintained at class a level. |
| Grade C | The device or the system does not execute one or more functions designed in advance during the harassment applying period, such as large swing of a meter, display of error information on a screen, delay or dead state, extinction or lighting of a signal lamp and backlight, numerical variation of section display is larger than 2 sections and the like, but can automatically recover to a normal state after the harassment applying is stopped (a meter with a clock function cannot be cleared after a test and cannot be cleared after a driving computer meter mileage B test). |
| Grade D | The device or system does not perform its pre-designed function or functions such as apparent noise, no output, a sound break, screen flashing, automatic shut down, black screen, operation inefficiency, etc. during the period of harassment application, until after the harassment application is stopped, and does not automatically revert to normal operation by a simple "operation or use" reset action. |
| Grade E | The device or system does not perform its pre-designed function or functions during and after the application of the disturbance, such as: the scale swings greatly, the screen displays error information, delays or is dead, the signal lamp and the backlight are turned off or on, the numerical variation of the section display is larger than 2 sections, and the like, and if the device or the system is not repaired or replaced, the normal operation of the device or the system cannot be restored. |
Referring to fig. 1, the inter-harness coupling immunity test method work flow chart comprises signal acquisition 1, signal processing 2, signal generator 3, system calibration 4, test execution 5 and result determination 6. The test system executes the steps of the method, specifically, the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle are classified according to the areas, electromagnetic signals are collected according to the vehicle state, the collected electromagnetic signals are subjected to data arrangement, data with the largest electromagnetic noise amplitude value in the wire harnesses in the areas are screened out and used for inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test, the electromagnetic signals for the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test obtained in the last step are input into a signal generator for calibration before test, and the electromagnetic signals after calibration are subjected to the inter-wire harness coupling anti-interference test and result judgment.
The electromagnetic signal acquisition system is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a spectrometer/oscilloscope 7, a current clamp 8 and a tested wire harness 9, wherein the system acquires electromagnetic signals of the tested wire harness 9 in a vehicle through the current clamp 8, classifies the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle according to regions and names the wire harnesses as follows: an engine in-cabin harness (EH), a passenger in-cabin harness (WH), a Door Harness (DH), a high-voltage Harness (HV), a vehicle Body Harness (BH), a ceiling harness (RH), an electric power steering harness (EPH), an engine ground wire (EGH), a floor harness (UH), an Instrument Panel Harness (IPH), and a battery harness (BTH) ….
The vehicle state is divided into the following four states:
Mode1: in a power-on state, the generator/DCDC and the storage battery supply power simultaneously, and the vehicle is in a stationary state;
Mode2: in a constant-speed running state, the speed is 40 km/h;
Mode3: vehicle acceleration state: the vehicle accelerates from rest to 90 km/h;
mode4: the vehicle is gradually lowered from 90 km/h in a decelerating state and finally stops running.
The electromagnetic signals are collected by the wire harnesses which are used for classifying the whole vehicle according to the areas respectively in the vehicle state, the electromagnetic signals of the whole vehicle are collected by using a spectrometer or equivalent equipment and a current clamp through simulating the scene in the use process of a user, and the collected electromagnetic signals comprise information such as frequency range, intensity, breadth and width, so that the collected electromagnetic signals are real and reliable.
When electromagnetic signals are collected, the vehicle electrical appliances which are manually started are in an open state and are in a maximum working state, for example, a wiper needs to be in high-speed operation, the sound of a radio in the vehicle is maximum, an air conditioner is in a maximum state, all lamps are in working states, and an acceleration or deceleration storage battery is in working state.
Calibration of the system, see fig. 3, is required to perform the inter-harness coupling immunity test, which includes a PC computer 41, a signal generator 42, a coupling clamp 43, a resistor 44, and an oscilloscope 45. The signal generator 42 injects the collected and screened electromagnetic signals for testing into the tested wire harness through the coupling clamp 43, one end of the coupling clamp 43 is connected with the resistor 44, the other end of the coupling clamp is connected with the oscilloscope 45, the signal generator 42 is electrically connected with the PC 41, and waveforms can be edited to adjust the electromagnetic signals for testing.
After calibration is complete, the inter-harness coupling immunity test begins, see FIG. 4, with the oscilloscope replaced with the Device Under Test (DUT) and the power supply connected to resistor 44. The wire harness of the Device Under Test (DUT) may be subjected to the inter-wire harness coupling immunity test according to the method mentioned in the above embodiment, and finally the result determination is performed according to the functional class failure definition of the Device Under Test (DUT).
The embodiment also discloses a coupling clamp which at least comprises a coupling clamp formed by a plurality of magnetic rings and a coupling clamp formed by a plurality of capacitors, wherein the two coupling clamps can work simultaneously or independently, the coupling clamp formed by the plurality of magnetic rings is used for testing low-frequency coupling, the coupling clamp formed by the plurality of capacitors is used for testing high-frequency coupling, a wire harness of a tested Device (DUT) passes through the coupling clamp formed by the plurality of magnetic rings or the coupling clamp formed by the plurality of capacitors, an acquired electromagnetic signal is injected into the wire harness of the tested Device (DUT) through a signal generator to perform inter-wire harness coupling immunity test, and finally, the result judgment is performed according to the functional grade failure definition of the tested Device (DUT). Wherein the magnetic rings are arranged in parallel, the aperture of the magnetic rings forms a cavity, and a certain gap can exist between the magnetic rings; the capacitance values of the capacitors are not identical.
According to the test system, the coupling test of the complex electromagnetic noise signals in the vehicle is carried out in the EMC laboratory of the part, the electromagnetic anti-interference performance of the inter-coil coupling is verified, the test environment is reliable, the test result can embody the working condition of the real vehicle, and the quality improvement of the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the whole vehicle is facilitated.
The test system increases the types of signal modulation, fills the defects of single modulation, constant field intensity and single waveform, ensures that the verification of parts is more sufficient, and ensures that the test result is more reliable.
The test system can carry out verification and evaluation in the test stage of the parts, reduces the risk of failure of a certain system function in the whole vehicle caused by coupling interference among wire harnesses, and improves the reliability of the whole vehicle.
Finally, verification is carried out in a part laboratory, the period and the test cost of the electromagnetic compatibility verification of the whole vehicle are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment, the electromagnetic intensity of the periphery of the wire harness in each area in the whole vehicle is tested, the tidied data are applied to laboratory verification of the part rack, from the perspective of the complex electromagnetic environment in the vehicle, the coupling interference among the wire harnesses is fully verified, the risk of failure of certain function of the whole vehicle is reduced, and the customer satisfaction is improved.
According to different running modes of the vehicle, real electromagnetic noise signals of the real vehicle, which are collected under different loads, are started, and are converted into a testing method capable of carrying out coupling verification between the wire harnesses on the part rack, so that whether the vehicle has a functional failure risk caused by potential wire harness crosstalk can be fully evaluated.
Claims (3)
1. A method for testing coupling interference immunity between wire harnesses in a complex electromagnetic environment in a vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
classifying the wire harnesses of the whole vehicle according to the regions and collecting electromagnetic signals according to the vehicle state;
data sorting is carried out on the collected electromagnetic signals, and data with the largest electromagnetic noise breadth value in the wire harness in the area is screened out and used for coupling anti-interference testing among the wire harnesses;
inputting the electromagnetic signals for the inter-harness coupling anti-interference test obtained in the previous step into a signal generator for calibration before test;
performing inter-harness coupling anti-interference test on the electromagnetic wave signals after calibration, and performing result judgment;
the data with the largest electromagnetic noise breadth value in the wire harness in the area comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of reserving signal data with highest intensity for electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and reserving electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals; or (b)
The method comprises the steps of reserving signal data with the largest width of electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and reserving electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals; or (b)
And reserving signal data with the largest frequency range for electromagnetic signals with similar waveforms, and storing the electromagnetic signals with inconsistent waveforms as alternative electromagnetic signals.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the strands of the whole vehicle by area comprises: an engine cabin wire harness, a passenger cabin wire harness, a vehicle door wire harness, a high-voltage wire harness, a vehicle body wire harness, a ceiling wire harness, an electric power steering wire harness, an engine grounding wire, a bottom plate wire harness, an instrument panel wire harness and a storage battery wire harness.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle conditions include a power-on condition, a constant speed operating condition, a vehicle acceleration condition, and a vehicle deceleration condition.
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