CN117324620A - Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN117324620A CN117324620A CN202311217596.6A CN202311217596A CN117324620A CN 117324620 A CN117324620 A CN 117324620A CN 202311217596 A CN202311217596 A CN 202311217596A CN 117324620 A CN117324620 A CN 117324620A
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- laser
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- closed
- cell foam
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000984 420 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by a laser additive manufacturing technology, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing and forming. The method comprises the following steps: mixing steel powder with Cr 2 Fully mixing N powder to obtain mixed powder; and taking the mixed powder as a raw material, selecting laser processing parameters and scanning tracks according to the size requirement, inputting the laser processing parameters and the scanning tracks into a corresponding laser processing operation system to obtain two-dimensional information, and carrying out laser additive manufacturing to obtain the closed-cell foam steel. The invention develops a novel laser preparation method of closed-cell foam steel, which utilizes the program setting of a laserAnd scanning the laser beam to prepare closed-cell foam, wherein the pore diameter is generally within 500 mu m; avoiding the damage problem of residues caused by conventional casting foam steel and manufacturing foam steel by a sintering method; meanwhile, the design is more free, the environment is not polluted, the limitation of a die is broken through, and the flexibility of the manufactured closed-cell foam steel are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and forming, in particular to a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by using a laser additive manufacturing technology.
Background
Foam steel is a structure-function integrated material with a large number of communicated or non-communicated holes uniformly distributed in a steel matrix, and has the performances of sound absorption, heat insulation, flame retardance, electromagnetic shielding and the like. Foam steel is divided into closed-cell foam steel and open-cell foam steel; the closed-cell foam steel has unique application in various fields such as heat insulation, energy absorption and the like, but the traditional preparation method mainly adopts a die method, a lamination method, a sintering method and the like, and the methods have certain defects, such as the limitation of the size of the die when the closed-cell foam steel is manufactured by the die method; chemical residues exist when powder metallurgy sintering is adopted; when the lamination method is adopted, the method is only suitable for manufacturing the simple shape of the laminated board, and the shape is slightly complex and is not easy to prepare; therefore, a suitable, convenient and quick preparation method is always sought.
The laser additive manufacturing technology can realize the modular rapid near-net forming of high-performance compact metal parts, is a novel technology combining the modern material technology, the laser technology and the rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, and has the advantages of being capable of realizing the forming of parts with complex structures, reducing processing procedures, shortening processing period, near-net forming and the like. In recent years, laser additive manufacturing technology has been rapidly developed, which has unique advantages in preparing parts of complex shapes, performing composition gradient design and customization of organization and performance, and thus has become a new favor in the manufacturing industry. If the closed cell steel foam can be prepared by using a laser additive manufacturing technology, the design and manufacture of the closed cell steel foam are simpler and free, so that the application of the functional steel foam can be further developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by a laser additive manufacturing technology, which comprises the following steps of mixing steel powder and Cr according to a certain proportion 2 The uniform mixture of N powder is subjected to laser additive manufacturing, and foam steel is obtained by stacking layers, so that the design and manufacturing of the closed-cell foam steel are simpler and free.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a first object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing closed cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing techniques, comprising the steps of,
s1: mixing steel powder with Cr 2 Fully mixing the N powder to obtain mixed powder;
s2: and (3) taking the mixed powder obtained in the step (S1) as a raw material, selecting laser processing parameters and scanning tracks according to the size requirement, inputting the laser processing parameters and the scanning tracks into a corresponding laser processing operation system to obtain two-dimensional information, and carrying out laser additive manufacturing to obtain the closed-cell foam steel.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step S1, the steel powder is selected from stainless steel powder and/or mold steel powder.
In one embodiment of the invention, the stainless steel powder comprises one or more of 316L, 304L, 420 stainless steel; the die steel powder comprises H13 die steel.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, cr in the mixed powder 2 The content of N powder is less than or equal to 20wt% (more than 0); preferably, cr in the mixed powder 2 The content of the N powder is 5-20wt%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the mixing is performed in the following manner: and (5) fully mixing by adopting a ball milling mode.
In one embodiment of the invention, argon or acetone is introduced in the ball milling process; the rotation speed of the ball mill is preferably selected so that the surface temperature of the ball milling tank in operation is not more than 100 ℃.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min-100r/min; the ball milling time is 1h-3h to ensure Cr 2 And (3) fully/uniformly mixing the N powder and the steel powder.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the laser additive manufacturing includes the steps of:
conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, and simultaneously scanning by using a laser according to the two-dimensional information to melt, sinter and convey the mixed powder to the designated area; the conveying and melting sintering operations are repeated or continued until the closed-cell foam steel is obtained.
In one embodiment of the invention, the scanning is performed under a protective atmosphere, which may be argon.
In one embodiment of the invention, the melt sintering employs laser selective melting or laser direct deposition.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the processing parameters of the laser selective melting are: YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet crystal) laser, fiber laser or semiconductor laser is adopted, the laser scanning speed is 40mm/min-200mm/min, the laser power is 80W-300W, and the thickness of mixed powder conveyed each time is 0.2mm-0.5mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition are: the laser scanning speed is 80mm/min-240mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 3g/min-51g/min, the lap joint rate is 20% -50%, and the laser power is 1000W-2500W.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a closed cell steel foam made by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by a laser additive manufacturing technology, and develops a novel laser preparation method of closed-cell foam steel, wherein a closed-cell foam steel entity is obtained by optimizing technological parameters, controlling power and scanning speed, and the preparation of closed-cell foam steel is realized by using the program setting of a laser and the scanning of a laser beam, and the aperture is generally within 500 mu m;
2. the invention combines steel powder and Cr 2 Premixing the N powder to obtain Cr with low cost and easy availability 2 The N powder is used as a foaming agent, other components are not required to be added, and residues do not have adverse effects on steel, so that the problem of damage of the residues caused by conventional casting foam steel and manufacturing the foam steel by a sintering method is avoided; meanwhile, the flexibility problem of the laser additive manufacturing technology is solved, and the defect that the lamination method is not easy to manufacture parts with complex shapes is overcome, so that the design is more free; meanwhile, the conventional casting method needs to adopt vacuum or auxiliary substances such as pore-forming agents and the like, which is harmful to the environment; meanwhile, the laser is used for preparing the holes under the protection of argon, vacuum is not needed, conventional software programming, program setting and laser beam scanning are adopted for preparing the holes, the limitation of a die is broken through, and the flexibility of manufacturing are greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention and practice it.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by using a laser additive manufacturing technology, wherein commercial 316L stainless steel powder and Cr are selected 2 The purity of the N powder is more than 99.9%; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Mixing 316L stainless steel powder with Cr 2 Mixing N powder; wherein Cr is 2 N powder accounts for 5% of the weight;
(b) Mixing together 316L stainless steel powder and Cr 2 Placing the N powder in a ball mill, introducing argon gas for ball milling, and the ball millThe rotating speed is 50r/min, and the ball milling time is 1h, so as to ensure Cr 2 Fully/uniformly mixing the N powder and the stainless steel powder to obtain mixed powder;
(c) According to the pore size of the closed-pore stainless steel required to be prepared, commercial software is selected for pore design, and the pore design is input into a corresponding laser processing operation system to obtain two-dimensional information of the closed-pore stainless steel, and rapid preparation is carried out; so-called rapid manufacturing, in particular: conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, compacting, and simultaneously scanning under the protection of argon by using a laser under the control of a computer according to the designed two-dimensional information to melt preset powder materials; the powder feed/compaction is then repeated, and the sintering process is melted until the desired sample is obtained. In the scanning process, straight line irradiation is carried out, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 42mm/min; the thickness of each layer of the compacted powder was 0.2mm, and the laser used was a YAG or fiber laser with a laser power of 100W.
Experimental tests prove that the porosity of the closed-cell stainless steel manufactured by the method of the embodiment is 7.25%, and the micropore diameter is 2-3 mu m.
Example 2
This example provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology, cr 2 The purity of N powder is more than 99.9%, and the steel powder is 420 stainless steel; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Mixing 420 stainless steel powder with Cr 2 Mixing N powder, wherein Cr 2 N powder accounts for 10% of the total mass;
(b) Mixing the 420 stainless steel powder and Cr together 2 Placing the N powder in a ball mill, introducing argon gas for ball milling, and rotating the ball mill at 100r/min for 2h to ensure Cr 2 Fully/uniformly mixing the N powder and stainless steel 420 powder to obtain mixed powder;
(c) According to the overall size requirement of the closed-cell foam steel required to be prepared, commercial software is selected for pore design, and the pore design is input into a corresponding laser processing operation system to obtain two-dimensional information of a closed-cell stainless steel 420 entity, and rapid preparation is carried out; so-called rapid manufacturing, in particular: and conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, compacting, simultaneously scanning under the protection of argon according to designed two-dimensional information by using a laser under the control of a computer, melting preset powder materials, conveying/compacting, melting and sintering, and repeating the process until a required sample is obtained. Performing linear irradiation, wherein the scanning speed of the laser beam is 150mm/min; the thickness of each layer of the compacted powder is 0.4mm, the laser used is YAG or fiber laser, and the laser power is 290W.
Experimental tests prove that the porosity of the closed pore of the 420 stainless steel manufactured by the method of the embodiment is 11.5%, and the diameter of the micropore is 3-5 mu m.
Example 3
This example provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology, which uses H13 die steel powder, cr 2 The purity of the N powder is more than 99.9 percent, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
(a) H13 die steel powder and Cr 2 Mixing N powder, wherein Cr 2 N powder accounts for 15% of the total mass;
(b) Placing the mixed H13 die steel powder and Cr2N powder in a ball mill, introducing argon gas for ball milling, and ensuring the Cr by the ball mill with the rotating speed of 80r/min and the ball milling time of 3H 2 Fully/uniformly mixing the N powder and the H13 die steel powder to obtain mixed powder;
(c) According to the size requirement of the H13 die steel required to be prepared, commercial software is used for parameter selection, the parameter selection is input into a corresponding laser processing operation system, the two-dimensional information of the closed-cell H13 die steel is obtained, and quick preparation is carried out; so-called rapid manufacturing, in particular: and conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, simultaneously carrying out laser melting (in this case, a laser direct deposition additive manufacturing technology) while conveying the powder, simultaneously using a laser to scan under the protection of argon according to designed two-dimensional information under the control of a computer, melting and sintering, and repeating the process until a required sample is obtained. The laser used is a semiconductor laser with the speed of 200mm/min, the powder feeding rate of 10g/min, the lap joint rate of 25% and the laser power of 1500W.
Experimental tests prove that the porosity of the closed-cell H13 die steel manufactured by the method of the embodiment is 13.56%, and the micropore diameter is 5-6 mu m.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by using a laser additive manufacturing technology, which adopts H13 die steel powder and Cr 2 The purity of the N powder is more than 99.9 percent, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
(a) H13 die steel powder and Cr 2 Mixing N powder; wherein Cr is 2 N powder accounts for 20% of the total mass;
(b) Mixing H13 die steel powder and Cr 2 Placing the N powder in a ball mill, introducing argon gas for ball milling, and rotating the ball mill at 80r/min for 2.6h to ensure Cr 2 Fully/uniformly mixing the N powder and the H13 die steel powder to obtain mixed powder;
(c) According to the size requirement of the H13 die steel required to be prepared, commercial software is used for parameter selection, the parameter selection is input into a corresponding laser processing operation system, the two-dimensional information of the closed-cell H13 die steel is obtained, and quick preparation is carried out; so-called rapid manufacturing, in particular: and conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, simultaneously carrying out laser melting (at the moment, the micro laser energy is directly deposited for additive manufacturing technology) while conveying the powder, simultaneously using a laser to scan under the protection of argon according to designed two-dimensional information under the control of a computer, melting and sintering, and repeating the process until a required sample is obtained. The laser used for the linear irradiation is a semiconductor laser, the speed is 80mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 40g/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, and the laser power is 2300W.
Experimental tests prove that the porosity of the closed-cell H13 die steel manufactured by the method of the embodiment is 15%, and the micropore diameter is between 6 and 7 mu m.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by using a laser additive manufacturing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
s1: mixing steel powder with Cr 2 Fully mixing the N powder to obtain mixed powder;
s2: and (3) taking the mixed powder obtained in the step (S1) as a raw material, selecting laser processing parameters and scanning tracks according to the size requirement, inputting the laser processing parameters and the scanning tracks into a corresponding laser processing operation system to obtain two-dimensional information, and carrying out laser additive manufacturing to obtain the closed-cell foam steel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the steel powder is selected from stainless steel powder and/or die steel powder.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, cr in the mixed powder 2 The content of N powder is less than or equal to 20wt%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mixing is performed in the following manner: and (5) fully mixing by adopting a ball milling mode.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein argon or acetone is introduced during the ball milling process.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the laser additive manufacturing comprises the steps of:
conveying the mixed powder to a designated area by using a powder conveying mechanism, and simultaneously scanning by using a laser according to the two-dimensional information to melt, sinter and convey the mixed powder to the designated area; the conveying and melting sintering operations are repeated or continued until the closed-cell foam steel is obtained.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the melt sintering is performed using laser selective melting or laser direct deposition.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the laser selective melting process parameters are: the laser scanning speed is 40mm/min-200mm/min, the laser power is 80W-300W, and the thickness of the mixed powder delivered each time is 0.2mm-0.5mm.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition are: the laser scanning speed is 80mm/min-240mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 3g/min-51g/min, the lap joint rate is 20% -50%, and the laser power is 1000W-2500W.
10. A closed cell steel foam made by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311081494 | 2023-08-25 | ||
| CN2023110814946 | 2023-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117324620A true CN117324620A (en) | 2024-01-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311217596.6A Pending CN117324620A (en) | 2023-08-25 | 2023-09-20 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
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| CN (1) | CN117324620A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-20 CN CN202311217596.6A patent/CN117324620A/en active Pending
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