CN117317320A - Fuel cell system and starting method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and starting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117317320A CN117317320A CN202311356472.6A CN202311356472A CN117317320A CN 117317320 A CN117317320 A CN 117317320A CN 202311356472 A CN202311356472 A CN 202311356472A CN 117317320 A CN117317320 A CN 117317320A
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- reformer
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a fuel cell system, comprising: a reformer for converting fuel and air into reformate; the reformate burner is used for burning reformate generated by the reformer to generate combustion gas; a fuel cell for preheating with the combustion gas and generating electric power with the reformate; the reformer is in communication with the reformate burner, the reformate burner is in communication with the fuel cell, and the reformate burner is connected between the reformer and the fuel cell. The system is provided with the reformate burner behind the reformer, so that reformate is ignited when passing through the reformate burner, high-temperature combustion gas is generated, the high-temperature combustion gas and reformate gas heat subsequent pipe fittings and components of the system to raise the temperature of the system, condensation residues or sediments are avoided from forming in the system when the system is started, and the system is reliable in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell system and a starting method of the fuel cell system.
Background
In modern motor vehicles, as the power consumption of the vehicle itself is increasing and as the on-board electronics is becoming more complex, it is necessary to replace the motor-driven generator with a separate power unit, which is called auxiliary power unit, the advantage being that the fuel cell can be operated with conventional motor fuel, which is converted via a reformer into a hydrogen-rich gas mixture, which is converted in the fuel cell into electricity together with air.
In the current starting process of the fuel cell system, the mixed gas converted by the reformer contains a large amount of hydrogen, gaseous water and incomplete hydrocarbon, and the gas is very easy to condense in subsequent components to form condensation residues or irreversible soot sediments, which can cause system blockage and affect the operation of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system starting method, and aims to solve the technical problem that condensation residues or irreversible soot deposits are easy to generate in the starting process of the existing fuel cell system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell system comprising:
a reformer for converting fuel and air into reformate;
the reformate burner is used for burning reformate generated by the reformer to generate combustion gas;
a fuel cell for preheating with the combustion gas and generating electric power with the reformate;
the reformer is in communication with the reformate burner, the reformate burner is in communication with the fuel cell, and the reformate burner is connected between the reformer and the fuel cell.
Optionally, a combustion chamber is arranged in the reformate burner, the combustion chamber is provided with an air inlet, the combustion chamber is provided with an igniter, and the reformate burner is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the air inlets are provided with 2 air inlets, and the 2 air inlets are symmetrically arranged.
Optionally, the reformer includes a first housing, the reformate burner includes a second housing, and the first housing and the second housing are integrally formed tubular structures.
Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a tail gas burner, wherein the tail gas burner is respectively connected with an anode tail gas side and a cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell, a heat exchanger is arranged on the tail gas burner, the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected with a cathode pipeline for introducing air, and the cathode pipeline passes through the heat exchanger.
Optionally, the anode tail gas side of the fuel cell is also connected to a circulation pump, which is connected to the reformer.
Optionally, a mixing chamber is provided in the reformer, and a catalyst for converting fuel and air into reformate is provided in the mixing chamber.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a fuel cell system starting method, which includes the steps of:
introducing fuel and air into the reformer to obtain a reformate;
the reformate is introduced into the reformate burner and ignited in the reformate burner to obtain combustion products;
passing the combustion products to a fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell;
after the fuel cell is warmed up, the fuel cell is started.
Optionally, the starting the fuel cell includes:
adjusting the air ratio entering the reformate burner such that the combustion products comprise a first predetermined proportion of reformate and a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas;
the fuel cell is warmed with a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas and started with a first predetermined proportion of reformate.
The technical scheme adopted in the invention content has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a fuel cell system and a starting method of the fuel cell system, wherein a reformate burner is arranged behind a reformer, so that reformate is ignited when passing through the reformate burner, and then high-temperature combustion gas is generated, the high-temperature combustion gas and reformate gas heat subsequent pipe fittings and components of the system to increase the temperature of the system, thereby avoiding the formation of condensation residues or sediments in the system when the system is started, and ensuring the operation of the system to be reliable.
According to the fuel cell system and the starting method of the fuel cell system, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the technical problem that condensate residues or irreversible soot deposits are easy to generate when the fuel cell system is started in the prior art is solved by arranging the reformate burner behind the reformer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reformer and reformate burner according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a fuel cell system, which includes:
a reformer 103 for converting fuel and air into reformate;
a reformate burner 110 for burning reformate generated by the reformer to generate combustion gas;
a fuel cell 108 for preheating with the combustion gas and generating electric power with the reformate;
the reformer 103 and the reformate burner 110 are turned on, the reformate burner 110 and the fuel cell 108 are turned on, and the reformate burner 110 is connected between the reformer 103 and the fuel cell 108. Wherein the reformate burner 110 is provided with a combustion chamber 24, the combustion chamber 24 is provided with air inlets 16, the air inlets 16 are provided with 2 and 2 air inlets symmetrically arranged, and the air inlets can be designed to provide air with vortex flow by adopting a special air turning device, in such a way that the air to be combusted is uniformly mixed with reformate guided into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is internally provided with an igniter 34, the reformate burner 110 is connected with the anode side of the fuel cell, the reformer 103 is internally provided with a mixing chamber 13, the mixing chamber 13 is internally provided with a catalyst 20 for converting fuel and air into reformate, and the catalyst can be a noble metal palladium catalyst or a noble metal rhodium catalyst. The reformer 103 includes a first housing 18, the reformate burner 110 includes a second housing 15, the first housing 18 and the second housing 15 are integrally formed in a tubular structure, and a flame arrester is disposed between the reformer 103 and the reformate burner 110. That is, the present embodiment provides reformer 103 and reformate burner 110 as two parts of the same component, separated by flame arrestor 22, for ease of manufacture and use.
In this embodiment, the igniter 34 may be a glow plug and, in use, air is introduced into the combustion chamber 24 through the air inlet 16 to support combustion of reformate within the combustion chamber, and if the reformate flow rate is greater than the return flow rate, the flame arrestor 22 is not required. The fuel cell 108 may be selected from SOFC or PEM fuel cells to increase overall efficiency and provide longer life.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment further includes a tail gas burner 111, the tail gas burner 111 is connected to the anode tail gas side and the cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell 108 through an anode tail gas pipeline 109.1 and a cathode tail gas pipeline 109.2, respectively, a heat exchanger 113 is disposed on the tail gas burner 111, the cathode side of the fuel cell 108 is connected to a cathode pipeline 108.2 for introducing air, and the cathode pipeline 108.2 passes through the heat exchanger 113. The anode exhaust side of the fuel cell 108 is also connected to a circulation pump 115, which circulation pump 115 is connected to the reformer 103. The present embodiment further comprises an air supply unit 101 for providing the required air to the reformer 103, reformate burner 110 and fuel cell 108 in the present system, wherein for the air entering the reformate burner 110 special air turning means may be used for providing air with a vortex flow, which may allow for a uniform mixing of the air to be combusted with the reformate directed into the combustion chamber.
During the start-up phase of the system, reformate rich in hydrogen, steam and incomplete hydrocarbons is combusted and flows through the fuel cell 108, at which time the fuel cell 108 has not reached an operating temperature at which electrical energy is produced, and the high temperature gas produced by the combustion of the reformate enters the fuel cell anode as a heat source to heat the fuel cell. After the reformed product gas flows through the anode of the fuel cell, the reformed product gas enters the tail gas burner 111 through the anode outlet of the fuel cell, the reformed product gas from the anode outlet of the fuel cell and the air from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell are ignited and combusted in the tail gas burner 111, the obtained combustion gas acts on the heat exchanger 113, so that the heat exchanger 113 preheats the air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell, the fuel cell 108 is further heated to reach the starting temperature as soon as possible, and the circulating pump 115 can be started, so that the combustion gas is fed back into the reformer to accelerate the preheating of the reformer.
The combustion gas generated by the reformate burner 110 carries a significant amount of heat energy and will enter the anode side of the fuel cell, heating the fuel cell 108 to a suitable temperature and starting the system under conditions that prevent condensation of reformate. After the temperature of the fuel cell reaches the condensation-preventing temperature, the reformate burner 110 can be optionally turned off or not turned off, and the air flow entering the reformate burner can be regulated, so that only a small part of reformate in the burner participates in combustion, and the other part of reformate enters the anode side of the fuel cell to participate in reaction to generate electric energy. If the reformate burner is to be turned off, the air entering the air inlet 16 is directly interrupted, and by controlling the amount of air entering the reformer, the air in the reformer is substantially mixed with fuel to form reformate, so that only a small amount of air is introduced into the reformate combustion chamber, which is insufficient to support the combustion of reformate. The reformate rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide entering the anode side of the fuel cell and the oxygen-rich air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell are converted in the fuel cell by chemical reaction into electrical energy, which is connected to powered device 120 via electrical line 130.
In the operation stage of the fuel cell, the circulating pump 115 can be started, part of the tail gas of the anode of the fuel cell is provided for the mixing chamber of the reformer through the circulating pump 115, the temperature of the anode tail gas is 650-900 ℃, the temperature of the reformer is above 950 ℃, the anode tail gas is recycled into the mixing chamber of the reformer, and the temperature of the reformer 103 can be reduced, so that the service life of the reformer is prolonged, the hydrogen yield in reformate is increased, and the finishing efficiency of the system is improved. In the system starting stage, the recycling of the anode tail gas can accelerate the preheating of the system components, so that the starting time of the system is shortened.
The fuel cell system may be arranged to contain a recirculation line for fuel cell exhaust gas recirculation, particularly in the case of anode exhaust gas recirculation in a fuel cell system with high temperature and cathode exhaust gas recirculation in a fuel cell system with PEM, which recirculation line may be used alone for direct feedback to the fuel cell or to the reformer input side.
The reformed product gas generated in the reformer is a mixed gas containing a large amount of water vapor, hydrogen and incomplete hydrocarbon, and condensation sediment is very easy to generate under the low-temperature condition, after the mixed gas is combusted in the reformed product combustor, high-temperature combustion gas containing water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the like is generated, the condensation sediment is not easy to generate in the high-temperature combustion gas, the water vapor is not condensed under the action of high temperature in the subsequent fuel cell and other components of the high-temperature combustion gas preheating system, and the condensation sediment is not easy to generate even if the water vapor is condensed.
In the system starting stage, a reformate burner ignites reformate, and high-temperature combustion gas generated after the reformate is combusted is used for preheating subsequent fuel cells and other components of the system, so that condensate sediment is avoided; in the working phase after the system is started, when the system reaches the condensation-proof temperature, the reforming product burner is closed, so that the reforming product generated by the reformer is completely used for generating electric energy by the fuel cell.
The condensation residue and soot deposit in the fuel cell system is mainly generated by condensation in the starting stage, the fuel cell system can be started with the help of the reformate burner, and the condensation residue or irreversible soot deposit formed by condensation of reformate generated by the reformer in the low-temperature starting stage of the system is avoided.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for starting a fuel cell system, using the above system, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preheating fuel and air, and introducing the preheated fuel and air into the reformer 103, wherein the fuel and the air form reformate containing steam, hydrogen and incomplete hydrocarbon under the action of the catalyst 20 in the reformer 103;
(2) The reformate is ignited when passing through the reformate burner 110, and the generated combustion product heats the subsequent fuel cells and other components of the system to raise the temperature of the system, thereby avoiding the formation of condensation residues or sediments in the system;
(3) The combustion products generated after combustion pass through the fuel cell 108, which is preheated and then started to generate electric energy.
When the fuel cell reaches its operating temperature, which is between 50 ℃ and 1000 ℃ depending on the type of fuel cell, the fuel cell in this embodiment employs a high temperature fuel cell that operates at a temperature of 650 ℃ to 900 ℃, and the hydrogen-rich reformate and carbon monoxide entering the anode side of the fuel cell and the oxygen-rich air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell are converted to electrical energy by chemical reactions in the fuel cell.
Wherein hot air is introduced into the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell; mixing and burning cathode tail gas and anode tail gas of the fuel cell to generate a heat source; the heat source is used to heat air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell. The scheme adopted by the embodiment is as follows: the reformed product after combustion enters the anode side of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell, the tail gas of the anode of the fuel cell enters the tail gas burner 111 to be combusted and heated by the heat exchanger 113, air is introduced into the cathode side of the fuel cell 108 after being heated by the heat exchanger 113, and air flowing out of the cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell and reformed gas flowing out of the anode tail gas side of the fuel cell are mixed and combusted to generate a heat source which is used for acting on the heat exchanger 113, so that the heat exchanger 113 continuously heats the air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell.
Introducing air into the reformer with an excess air ratio of more than 1 until the temperature of the catalyst reaches an activation temperature; after the catalyst temperature reaches the activation temperature, air is introduced into the reformer at an excess air ratio of less than 1, the excess air ratio preferably being 0.35. The activation temperature of the catalyst is controlled in the range of 250 to 400 c, preferably a value of 350 c. After catalyst activation, the conversion efficiency of the reformer will be significantly improved at 950 ℃ to convert air and fuel into a large amount of reformate rich in hydrogen. Because air is substantially consumed by the process of generating reformate, reformate is not re-combusted or only marginally combusted and the reformate is passed into the reformate combustion chamber after being flame isolated by the flame arrestor.
Adjusting the air ratio entering the reformate burner such that the combustion products comprise a first predetermined proportion of reformate and a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas; the fuel cell is warmed with a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas and started with a first predetermined proportion of reformate. In the starting stage of the system, the second preset proportion can be far greater than the first preset proportion, so that the reformed product after being combusted comprises 60% -90% of combustion gas with the second preset proportion and 10% -40% of unburned reformed product with the first preset proportion, the starting stage mainly utilizes a combustion gas preheating system, and the unburned reformed product gas is combusted in a subsequent combustor 111 and is used for heating air entering the cathode of the fuel cell to further preheat the fuel cell; in the working stage after the system is started, the air quantity of the reforming product combustor is reduced, the second preset proportion of the combustion gas is gradually reduced to 0%, at the moment, the system reaches the condensation-preventing temperature, the fuel cell can continuously generate high temperature, and at the moment, the reforming product is utilized to generate electric energy.
In this embodiment, the high-temperature combustion gas is mainly generated by combusting reformate in the reformate burner, the combustion gas is high-temperature gas which is not easy to generate sediment, the high-temperature gas directly heats subsequent pipe fittings and components, and condensation residues or sediment are avoided from being formed in the system, so that a special heat exchanger for preheating is not required to be designed at the downstream of the system, the combustion gas is directly used for heating a component in the system, and the component of the system is heated by replacing a heat transfer medium in the prior art with gas carrying, thereby being simpler and more efficient.
Example 2
A reformer 103 for converting fuel and air into reformate;
a reformate burner 110 for burning reformate generated by the reformer to generate combustion gas;
a fuel cell 108 for preheating with the combustion gas and generating electric power with the reformate;
the reformer 103 and the reformate burner 110 are turned on, the reformate burner 110 and the fuel cell 108 are turned on, and the reformate burner 110 is connected between the reformer 103 and the fuel cell 108. Wherein the reformate burner 110 is provided with a combustion chamber 24, the combustion chamber 24 is provided with air inlets 16, the air inlets 16 are provided with 2 and 2 air inlets symmetrically arranged, and the air inlets can be designed to provide air with vortex flow by adopting a special air turning device, in such a way that the air to be combusted is uniformly mixed with reformate guided into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is internally provided with an igniter 34, the reformate burner 110 is connected with the anode side of the fuel cell, the reformer 103 is internally provided with a mixing chamber 13, the mixing chamber 13 is internally provided with a catalyst 20 for converting fuel and air into reformate, and the catalyst can be a noble metal palladium catalyst or a noble metal rhodium catalyst. The reformer 103 includes a first housing 18, the reformate burner 110 includes a second housing 15, the first housing 18 and the second housing 15 are integrally formed in a tubular structure, and a flame arrester is disposed between the reformer 103 and the reformate burner 110. That is, the present embodiment provides reformer 103 and reformate burner 110 as two parts of the same component, separated by flame arrestor 22, for ease of manufacture and use.
In this embodiment, the igniter 34 may be a glow plug and, in use, air is introduced into the combustion chamber 24 through the air inlet 16 to support combustion of reformate within the combustion chamber, and if the reformate flow rate is greater than the return flow rate, the flame arrestor 22 is not required. The fuel cell 108 may be selected from a SOFC cell or a PEM fuel cell, which increases overall efficiency and has a longer service life.
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment further includes a tail gas burner 111, the tail gas burner 111 is connected to the anode tail gas side and the cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell 108 through an anode tail gas pipeline 109.1 and a cathode tail gas pipeline 109.2, respectively, a heat exchanger 113 is disposed on the tail gas burner 111, the cathode side of the fuel cell 108 is connected to a cathode pipeline 108.2 for introducing air, and the cathode pipeline 108.2 passes through the heat exchanger 113. The present embodiment further comprises an air supply unit 101 for providing the required air to the reformer 103, reformate burner 110 and fuel cell 108 in the present system, wherein for the air entering the reformate burner 110 special air turning means may be used for providing air with a vortex flow in such a way that the air to be combusted is evenly mixed with the reformate directed into the combustion chamber.
During the start-up phase of the system, reformate rich in hydrogen, steam and incomplete hydrocarbons is combusted and flows through the fuel cell 108, where the fuel cell 108 has not reached an operating temperature for generating electrical energy, and the reformate enters the fuel cell anode as a heat source to heat the fuel cell. After the reformed product gas flows through the anode of the fuel cell, the reformed product gas enters the tail gas burner 111 through the anode outlet of the fuel cell, the reformed product gas from the anode outlet of the fuel cell and the air from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell are ignited and burned in the tail gas burner 111, and the obtained combustion gas acts on the heat exchanger 113, so that the heat exchanger 113 preheats the air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell, and further heats the fuel cell 108.
The combustion gas generated by the reformate burner 110 carries a significant amount of heat energy and will enter the anode side of the fuel cell, heating the fuel cell 108 to a suitable temperature and starting the system under conditions that prevent condensation of reformate. After the temperature of the fuel cell reaches the condensation-preventing temperature, the reformate burner 110 may be optionally turned off, or may not be turned off, and the air flow entering the reformate burner may be adjusted so that only a small portion of reformate in the burner is involved in combustion, and the other portion of reformate enters the anode side of the fuel cell to participate in reaction to generate electric energy, where the electric energy is connected to the electric device 120 through the electric wire 130.
Condensation residues and soot deposits in fuel cell systems are mainly produced by condensation during the start-up phase. In this embodiment, the high-temperature gas is generated mainly by combusting reformate in the reformate burner, and the high-temperature gas directly heats the subsequent pipe fitting and each component, so that condensation residues or sediments are avoided from forming in the system, and therefore, a special heat exchanger for preheating is not required to be designed at the downstream of the system, the combustion gas is directly used for heating components in the system, and the components of the system are heated by replacing heat transfer media in the prior art with gas carrying current, so that the system is simpler and more efficient.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for starting a fuel cell system, using the above system, comprising the steps of:
(1) Igniting the fuel and air in the reformer 103, the fuel and air forming reformate containing steam, hydrogen and incomplete hydrocarbon under the action of the catalyst 20 in the reformer 103;
(2) The reformate is ignited when passing through the reformate burner 110, and the generated combustion product heats the subsequent fuel cells and other components of the system to raise the temperature of the system, thereby avoiding the formation of condensation residues or sediments in the system;
(3) The combustion products generated after combustion pass through the fuel cell 108, which is preheated and then started to generate electric energy.
The fuel and air may be ignited in the reformer 103 in the same manner as in the reformate burner, i.e., by providing an ignition device glow plug or the like in the reformer mixing chamber. The air introduced into the mixing chamber is burnt and catalyzed to generate reformate, so that the generated reformate cannot be burnt again, or only a small amount of reformate is burnt, and the reformate is further introduced into the reformate combustion chamber after being isolated from flame by the flame arrestor.
When the fuel cell reaches its operating temperature, which is between 50 ℃ and 1000 ℃ depending on the type of fuel cell, the fuel cell in this embodiment employs a high temperature fuel cell that operates at a temperature of 650 ℃ to 900 ℃, and the hydrogen-rich reformate and carbon monoxide entering the anode side of the fuel cell and the oxygen-rich air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell are converted to electrical energy by chemical reactions in the fuel cell.
Wherein hot air is introduced into the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell; mixing and burning cathode tail gas and anode tail gas of the fuel cell to generate a heat source; the heat source is used to heat air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell. The scheme adopted by the embodiment is as follows: the reformed product after combustion enters the anode side of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell, the tail gas of the anode of the fuel cell enters the tail gas burner 111 to be combusted and heated by the heat exchanger 113, air is introduced into the cathode side of the fuel cell 108 after being heated by the heat exchanger 113, and air flowing out of the cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell and reformed gas flowing out of the anode tail gas side of the fuel cell are mixed and combusted to generate a heat source which is used for acting on the heat exchanger 113, so that the heat exchanger 113 continuously heats the air entering the cathode side of the fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell.
Introducing air into the reformer with an excess air ratio of more than 1 until the temperature of the catalyst reaches an activation temperature; after the catalyst temperature reaches the activation temperature, air is introduced into the reformer at an excess air ratio of less than 1, the excess air ratio preferably being 0.35. The activation temperature of the catalyst is controlled in the range of 250 to 400 c, preferably a value of 350 c. After catalyst activation, the conversion efficiency of the reformer will be significantly improved at 950 ℃ to convert air and fuel into a large amount of reformate rich in hydrogen. Because air is substantially consumed by the process of generating reformate, reformate is not re-combusted or only marginally combusted and the reformate is passed into the reformate combustion chamber after being flame isolated by the flame arrestor.
Adjusting the air ratio entering the reformate burner such that the combustion products comprise a first predetermined proportion of reformate and a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas; the fuel cell is warmed with a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas and started with a first predetermined proportion of reformate. In the starting stage of the system, the second preset proportion can be far greater than the first preset proportion, so that the reformed product after being combusted comprises 60% -90% of combustion gas with the second preset proportion and 10% -40% of unburned reformed product with the first preset proportion, the starting stage mainly utilizes a combustion gas preheating system, and the unburned reformed product gas is combusted in a subsequent combustor 111 and is used for heating air entering the cathode of the fuel cell to further preheat the fuel cell; in the working stage after the system is started, the air quantity of the reforming product combustor is reduced, the second preset proportion of the combustion gas is gradually reduced to 0%, at the moment, the system reaches the condensation-proof temperature, the fuel cell can continuously generate high temperature, and at the moment, the reforming product is utilized to generate electric energy.
In this embodiment, the high-temperature combustion gas is mainly generated by combusting reformate in the reformate burner, the combustion gas is high-temperature gas which is not easy to generate sediment, the high-temperature gas directly heats subsequent pipe fittings and components, and condensation residues or sediment are avoided from being formed in the system, so that a special heat exchanger for preheating is not required to be designed at the downstream of the system, the combustion gas is directly used for heating a component in the system, and the component of the system is heated by replacing a heat transfer medium in the prior art with gas carrying, thereby being simpler and more efficient.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present application, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
a reformer for converting fuel and air into reformate;
the reformate burner is used for burning reformate generated by the reformer to generate combustion gas;
a fuel cell for preheating with the combustion gas and generating electric power with the reformate;
the reformer is in communication with the reformate burner, the reformate burner is in communication with the fuel cell, and the reformate burner is connected between the reformer and the fuel cell.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: the reforming product combustor is internally provided with a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with an air inlet, the combustion chamber is provided with an igniter, and the reforming product combustor is communicated with the anode side of the fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the air inlets are arranged in a symmetrical mode, and 2 air inlets are arranged symmetrically.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: the reformer includes a first housing and the reformate burner includes a second housing, the first housing and the second housing being of an integrally formed tubular structure.
5. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell is characterized by further comprising a tail gas burner, wherein the tail gas burner is respectively connected with an anode tail gas side and a cathode tail gas side of the fuel cell, a heat exchanger is arranged on the tail gas burner, the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected with a cathode pipeline for introducing air, and the cathode pipeline passes through the heat exchanger.
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein: the anode tail gas side of the fuel cell is also connected with a circulating pump, and the circulating pump is connected with the reformer.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: the reformer is internally provided with a mixing chamber, and a catalyst for converting fuel and air into reformate is arranged in the mixing chamber.
8. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: and a flame arrester is arranged between the reformer and the reformate burner.
9. A fuel cell system start-up method employing the system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
introducing fuel and air into the reformer to obtain a reformate;
the reformate is introduced into the reformate burner and ignited in the reformate burner to obtain combustion products;
passing the combustion products to a fuel cell to preheat the fuel cell;
after the fuel cell is warmed up, the fuel cell is started.
10. The fuel cell system starting method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the starting the fuel cell includes:
adjusting the air ratio entering the reformate burner such that the combustion products comprise a first predetermined proportion of reformate and a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas;
maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell with a second predetermined proportion of combustion gas and starting the fuel cell with a first predetermined proportion of reformate 。
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| CN202311356472.6A CN117317320A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Fuel cell system and starting method thereof |
| JP2024000019U JP3245915U (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2024-01-05 | fuel cell system |
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| CN202311356472.6A CN117317320A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Fuel cell system and starting method thereof |
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