CN117317282A - Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell - Google Patents

Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117317282A
CN117317282A CN202311473927.2A CN202311473927A CN117317282A CN 117317282 A CN117317282 A CN 117317282A CN 202311473927 A CN202311473927 A CN 202311473927A CN 117317282 A CN117317282 A CN 117317282A
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China
Prior art keywords
parallel
channels
cathode
flow
channel
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CN202311473927.2A
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杜新
王辉
李晶
王金龙
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202311473927.2A priority Critical patent/CN117317282A/en
Publication of CN117317282A publication Critical patent/CN117317282A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to a mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure, which comprises a cathode flow channel plate body; the two groups of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body in parallel; the second group of parallel channels are arranged at intervals of the first group of parallel channels one by one, so that the first group of parallel channels and the second group of parallel channels form interdigital channels through adjacent gaps. The first group of parallel flow channels are respectively connected with the first air inlet and the first air outlet through a first connecting channel and a second connecting channel which are positioned on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels; the second group of parallel flow channels are respectively connected with the second air inlet and the second air outlet through a third connecting channel and a fourth connecting channel which are positioned on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels. The bipolar plate structure can enable the flow channels to work alternately by switching the configuration of the air inlet and the air outlet, so that the purpose of reducing liquid flooding is achieved. In addition, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the bipolar plate structure and a fuel cell.

Description

Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure and a fuel cell.
Background
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a device that directly converts chemical energy of hydrogen into electric energy. The single-chip battery consists of an anode runner plate, a membrane electrode, a cathode runner plate, a sealing piece and the like. Multiple single-cell batteries are commonly stacked repeatedly and connected in series to form a pile for use.
Bipolar plates are one of the most important components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, with adjacent single cells connected in series by bipolar plates. The anode runner plate and the cathode runner plate of adjacent single cells are generally integrated together to form a double-sided runner structure of the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate mainly has the functions of providing flow channels for hydrogen, oxygen and cooling fluid, supporting a membrane electrode, separating the hydrogen from the oxygen, collecting current and conducting heat. The flow field structure constitutes the most important feature of the bipolar plate, directly affecting the performance of the cell.
The reasonable-design flow channel can enable the membrane electrode to obtain sufficient reaction gas everywhere and timely discharge generated liquid water, so that the fuel cell is guaranteed to have good performance and stability.
Several flow channel structures are currently common: serpentine, parallel serpentine, interdigitated, etc. Meanwhile, the novel flow field, such as a bionic flow field, a spiral flow field, a 3D grid-shaped flow field used in Toyota and the like, is not broken.
At high current densities, the concomitant increase in gas flow exacerbates pressure drop and maldistribution in the flow channels/fields, resulting in increased power losses and localized fuel starvation. Another problem is liquid removal caused by high liquid water production rates. If the liquid water generated at the cathode can not be discharged in time, a flooding phenomenon is easy to generate, and an air flow channel on the bipolar plate is blocked, so that the concentration of the reaction gas is greatly reduced, and the battery performance is greatly reduced.
At present, it is common practice to blow out water droplets from an air flow path by exhaust. In the traditional design, the drainage effect is the best if the channel is a serpentine channel because the channel has no flow dead angle. However, to achieve higher cell performance, the serpentine channel is the longest in length, and turns the most, the pressure loss is large, and the required inlet-outlet pressure difference is the largest.
For parallel channels and interdigitated channels, air circulation is impeded in some areas where water droplets accumulate, further reducing the local reactant gas density, creating "dead zones". The flow dead zone range is greater if the channel inlet and outlet are on the same side of the bipolar plate.
For dead zone treatment, some novel flow fields, such as bionic flow fields and 3D grid-shaped flow fields used in Toyota, are appeared, but the flow channel design and processing difficulty is very high, which is not beneficial to large-scale machining application.
Therefore, a novel bipolar plate design, which has the advantages of simple structure and low processing difficulty, is beneficial to timely removal of the liquid water of the cathode of the battery, needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bipolar plate structure with mixed flow channels, which can make the flow channels work alternately by switching the configuration of the air inlet/outlet, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing liquid flooding. In addition, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure and a fuel cell using the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a mixed flow bipolar plate structure comprises
A cathode flow field plate body;
the first group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body, and the first group of parallel flow channels are respectively connected with the first air inlet and the first air outlet through a first connecting channel and a second connecting channel which are positioned on the front face of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels.
The second group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body, and the second group of parallel flow channels are respectively connected with the second air inlet and the second air outlet through a third connecting channel and a fourth connecting channel which are positioned on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels.
The second group of parallel flow passages are arranged at intervals of the first group of parallel flow passages one by one, so that the first group of parallel flow passages and the second group of parallel flow passages form interdigital flow passages through adjacent gaps.
In the first technical solution, preferably, the first set of parallel flow channels and the second set of parallel flow channels are both disposed on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate body;
the first air inlet, the first air outlet, the second air inlet and the second air outlet all penetrate through the cathode runner plate body;
the first connecting channel and the second connecting channel are arranged on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate body;
in the second group of parallel flow channels, the tail ends of the parallel channels penetrate through the cathode flow channel plate body, and the third connecting channel and the fourth connecting channel are arranged on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate body.
In the first technical aspect, preferably, the air inlets and the air outlets of the first set of parallel flow channels and/or the second set of parallel flow channels are arranged on the same side or different sides of the cathode flow channel plate body.
In the first aspect, it is preferable that the anode flow field plate further includes an anode flow field plate having parallel flow channels.
In the first aspect, preferably, the cross sections of the first set of parallel flow channels and the second set of parallel flow channels are rectangular cross sections or trapezoidal cross sections.
In the first aspect, preferably, the reaction areas of the cathode flow channel plate are arranged in a rectangular shape.
In a second technical aspect, a method for manufacturing a mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure, which is used for manufacturing the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure described in any one of the first technical aspects, includes the following steps,
step 1, designing the sizes of parallel runners and interdigital runners, and calculating current density and battery performance;
step 2, processing a first group of parallel flow channels and a second group of parallel flow channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate;
step 3, processing a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first connecting channel and a second connecting channel of a first group of parallel channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate;
step 4, processing a second air inlet and a second air outlet of a second set of parallel flow channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate, and processing through holes at two ends of each flow channel of the second set of parallel flow channels;
step 5, processing a third connecting channel and a fourth connecting channel on the back of the cathode runner plate;
step 6, processing parallel flow channels and connecting channels of the anode flow channel plate in the same way as those of the cathode flow channel plate;
and 7, assembling the single cells and the electric pile.
In a third aspect, a fuel cell includes a cathode runner plate and an anode runner plate, the cathode runner plate being the mixed runner bipolar plate structure of any one of the first aspects. The beneficial effects of using the invention are as follows:
the bipolar plate structure design of the parallel flow channels and the interdigital flow channels in a mixed distribution mode realizes the alternate operation of the two channels through the design of the cathode flow channel plate with double inlets and double outlets, and has the following advantages:
firstly, by changing the configuration of the air inlet and the air outlet, the alternate work of the two sets of flow channels is realized, the flooding of dead areas is reduced, and the battery performance is improved;
secondly, through the alternate work of the two sets of flow channels, the non-uniformity of current density distribution under the long-term working condition is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged;
third, the cathode flow channel plate has a flow channel structure on both the front and back sides, thus making the bipolar plate processed by etching process impossible. However, the connecting channels on the back of the cathode runner plate can be stitched and sealed through a laser process, so that the bipolar plate realized by stitching the cathode runner plate and the anode runner plate through laser can be integrated, and then a galvanic pile is formed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the front surface of a cathode flow field plate in a mixed flow field bipolar plate structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the back surface of a cathode flow field plate in a mixed flow field bipolar plate structure.
The reference numerals include:
1-a cathode runner plate body; 2-a first air inlet; 3-a first air outlet; 4-a second air inlet; 5-a second air outlet; 6-a first connection channel; 7-a second connection channel; 8-a third connecting channel; 9-fourth connection channels; 10-a first through hole; 11-a second through hole; 12-a first set of parallel flow channels; 13-a second set of parallel flow channels.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present technical solution more apparent, the present technical solution is further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the present technical solution.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment proposes a mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure, which includes a cathode flow channel plate body 1; the first set of parallel flow channels is arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body 1 and comprises a plurality of first set of parallel flow channels 12 which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals, and the first set of parallel flow channels 12 comprises a first air inlet 2 and a first air outlet 3, a first connecting channel 6 which connects the first set of parallel flow channels 12 with the first air inlet 2 and a second connecting channel 7 which connects the first set of parallel flow channels 12 with the first air outlet 3.
The second set of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body 1 and comprise a plurality of second sets of parallel channels 13 which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals, and the second sets of parallel channels 13 comprise a second air inlet 4 and a second air outlet 5, a third connecting channel 8 which connects the second sets of parallel channels 13 and the second air inlet 4, and a fourth connecting channel 9 which connects the second sets of parallel channels 13 and the second air outlet 5; the second set of parallel channels 13 are arranged one by one at intervals of the first set of parallel channels 12 such that the first set of parallel channels 12 and the second set of parallel channels 13 form interdigitated flow channels through adjacent gaps.
Preferably, in the second set of parallel channels, a second set of parallel channels 13 is disposed on the front surface of the cathode runner plate body 1, the third connecting channel 8 and the fourth connecting channel 9 are disposed on the back surface of the cathode runner plate body 1, the second air inlet 4 and the second air outlet 5 penetrate through the cathode runner plate body 1, and through holes penetrating through the cathode runner plate body 1 are formed at the tail ends of the second set of parallel channels 13, and the third connecting channel 8 and the fourth connecting channel 9 are connected.
The air inlets or air outlets of the first set of parallel flow channels 12 and/or the second set of parallel flow channels 13 are arranged on the same side or different sides of the cathode flow channel plate body 1. In this embodiment, the anode runner plate has parallel runners. The flow channel sections are all rectangular in cross-section, but are not limited to rectangular in cross-section, and in other embodiments the flow channel sections may be of any regular shape, such as regular polygon, rectangular or prismatic shape, etc.
Considering that the air flow rate of the parallel flow channels of the first group 12 or the second group 13 is larger than that of the interdigital flow channels under the same back pressure, the water discharge purpose can be better achieved by changing the air inlet/outlet configuration to switch between the parallel flow channels of the first group 12 or the second group 13 and the interdigital flow channels.
The reaction areas of the cathode flow channel plate in the scheme are rectangular, wherein a first group of parallel channels 12 or a second group of parallel channels 13 are alternately distributed, the parallel channels 12 are respectively connected with a first air inlet 2 and a first air outlet 3 on the cathode flow channel plate, and the second group of parallel channels 13 are respectively connected with a second air inlet 4 and a second air outlet 5 on the cathode flow channel plate.
The hybrid channel bipolar plate structure of the above embodiments can be used in various ways, as shown in the following embodiments.
Example 1
The hybrid channel bipolar plate structure in this embodiment, the cathode channel plate, operates in a first set of parallel channel modes of operation.
On the cathode flow field plate front side, oxygen (or air) enters the cathode flow field plate body 1 from the first inlet port 2 of the cathode flow field plate through the first connection passage 6 connected to the first inlet port 2. The gas flow enters the membrane electrode through the first set of parallel flow channels 12 and electrochemical reaction takes place. The redundant reaction gas flows out of the cathode runner plate body 1 from the first gas outlet 3 of the cathode runner plate through the second connecting channel 7. The second air inlet 4 and the second air outlet 5 of the cathode runner plate are all in a closed state, and the cathode runner is operated in a parallel runner 12 working mode.
Example 2
The hybrid channel bipolar plate structure in this embodiment, the cathode channel plate, operates in a second set of parallel channel modes of operation.
On the back side of the cathode flow field plate, oxygen (or air) enters the cathode flow field plate body 1 from the second air inlet 4 through the third connecting passage 8 and the first through hole 10. The gas flow enters the membrane electrode through the second set of parallel channels 13 and electrochemical reactions take place. The redundant reaction gas passes through the second through hole 11, passes through the fourth connecting channel 9 on the back of the cathode flow channel plate, and flows out of the cathode flow channel plate body 1 from the second air outlet 5 of the cathode flow channel plate. The first inlet port 2 and the first outlet port 3 of the cathode flow field plate are both in a closed state, and the cathode flow field is operated in the parallel flow field operation mode, but the flow direction and the flow of the first group of parallel channels 12 in embodiment 1 are diagonally crossed.
Example 3
The hybrid channel bipolar plate structure in this embodiment, i.e., the cathode channel plate, operates in a first set of interdigitated flow channel modes of operation.
On the front side of the cathode flow field plate, oxygen (or air) enters the first set of parallel flow channels 12 of the cathode flow field plate body 1 from the first air inlet 2 of the cathode flow field plate through the connecting channels 6 of the first air inlet 2. The gas flow enters the second set of parallel flow channels 13 from the gas diffusion layer below the ribs between the flow channels. The reactant gas entering the membrane electrode undergoes electrochemical reaction. The redundant reaction gas flows out of the cathode runner plate body 1 from the second air outlet 5 of the cathode runner plate through the fourth connecting channel 9 by passing through the second through hole 11 at one side of the interdigital runner. The first air outlet 3 and the second air inlet 4 of the cathode runner plate are both in a closed state, and the cathode runner works in a first set of interdigital runner working mode.
Example 4
The hybrid channel bipolar plate structure in this embodiment, i.e., the cathode channel plate, operates in a second set of interdigitated flow channel modes of operation.
On the back side of the cathode flow field plate, oxygen (or air) enters the second set of parallel flow channels 13 of the cathode flow field plate body 1 from the second inlet port 4 of the cathode flow field plate through the third connecting channel 8 and the first through hole 10. The gas flow enters the first set of parallel flow channels 12 from the gas diffusion layer below the ribs between the flow channels. The reactant gas entering the membrane electrode undergoes electrochemical reaction. The redundant reaction gas flows out of the cathode flow channel plate body 1 from the first gas outlet 3 of the cathode flow channel plate through the first group of parallel flow channels 12 and the second connecting channel 7. The first air inlet 2 and the second air outlet 5 of the cathode runner plate are both in a closed state, and the cathode runner is operated in an interdigital runner operation mode, but the flowing direction and the flowing of the first interdigital runner set in the embodiment 3 are diagonally crossed.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the cathode runner plate scheme of the present application may be configured with 2 parallel runners and 2 interdigital runners, and 2 sets of schemes are provided. When the battery works for a long time, 4 sets of flow channels can work alternately by switching the configuration of the air inlet and the air outlet, so that the purpose of reducing liquid flooding is achieved.
The invention also provides a fuel cell using the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure.
Example 5
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure, which is used for manufacturing the mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure in the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing the sizes of parallel runners and interdigital runners, and calculating current density and battery performance;
step 2, processing a first group of parallel flow channels 12 and a second group of parallel flow channels 13 on the front surface of a cathode flow channel plate;
step 3, processing a first air inlet 2, a first air outlet 3 and a first connecting channel 6 and a second connecting channel 7 of a first group of parallel flow channels 12 on the front surface of a cathode flow channel plate;
step 4, processing a second air inlet 4 and a second air outlet 5 of a second group of parallel flow channels 13 on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate, and processing a first through hole 10 and a second through hole 11 at two ends of each flow channel of the second group of parallel flow channels;
step 5, processing a third connecting channel 8 and a fourth connecting channel 9 of a second group of parallel flow channels 13 on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate;
step 6, processing parallel flow channels and connecting channels of the anode flow channel plate in the same manner as processing parallel flow channels 12 of the cathode flow channel plate;
and 7, assembling the single cells and the electric pile.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make many variations in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the spirit of the present invention, as long as the variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A mixed flow channel bipolar plate structure, characterized in that: comprising
A cathode flow field plate body;
the first group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body, and are respectively connected with the first air inlet and the first air outlet through a first connecting channel and a second connecting channel which are positioned on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels;
the second group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the cathode flow channel plate body, and are respectively connected with the second air inlet and the second air outlet through a third connecting channel and a fourth connecting channel which are positioned on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate and are perpendicular to the parallel flow channels;
the second group of parallel flow passages are arranged at intervals of the first group of parallel flow passages one by one, so that the first group of parallel flow passages and the second group of parallel flow passages form interdigital flow passages through adjacent gaps.
2. The mixing flow channel bipolar plate structure of claim 1 wherein:
the first group of parallel flow channels and the second group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate body;
the first air inlet, the first air outlet, the second air inlet and the second air outlet all penetrate through the cathode runner plate body;
the first connecting channel and the second connecting channel are arranged on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate body;
in the second group of parallel flow channels, the tail ends of the parallel channels penetrate through the cathode flow channel plate body, and the third connecting channel and the fourth connecting channel are arranged on the back surface of the cathode flow channel plate body.
3. The mixing flow channel bipolar plate structure of claim 1 wherein: the air inlets and the air outlets of the first group of parallel flow channels and/or the second group of parallel flow channels are arranged on the same side or different sides of the cathode flow channel plate body.
4. The mixing flow channel bipolar plate structure of claim 1 wherein: the device also comprises an anode runner plate, wherein the anode runner plate is provided with parallel runners.
5. The mixing flow channel bipolar plate structure of claim 1 wherein: the sections of the first set of parallel flow channels and the second set of parallel flow channels are rectangular sections or trapezoid sections.
6. The mixing flow channel bipolar plate structure of claim 1 wherein: the reaction areas of the cathode runner plates are arranged in a rectangular mode.
7. A method for manufacturing a mixed flow bipolar plate structure according to any of claims 1-6, wherein: comprises the following steps of the method,
step 1, designing the sizes of parallel runners and interdigital runners, and calculating current density and battery performance;
step 2, processing a first group of parallel flow channels and a second group of parallel flow channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate;
step 3, processing a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first connecting channel and a second connecting channel of a first group of parallel channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate;
step 4, processing a second air inlet and a second air outlet of a second set of parallel flow channels on the front surface of the cathode flow channel plate, and processing through holes at two ends of each flow channel of the second set of parallel flow channels;
step 5, processing a third connecting channel and a fourth connecting channel on the back of the cathode runner plate;
step 6, processing parallel flow channels and connecting channels of the anode flow channel plate in the same way as those of the cathode flow channel plate;
and 7, assembling the single cells and the electric pile.
8. A fuel cell, characterized in that: comprising a cathode flow field plate and an anode flow field plate, said cathode flow field plate being a hybrid flow field bipolar plate structure according to any one of claims 1-6.
CN202311473927.2A 2023-11-08 2023-11-08 Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell Pending CN117317282A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311473927.2A CN117317282A (en) 2023-11-08 2023-11-08 Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311473927.2A CN117317282A (en) 2023-11-08 2023-11-08 Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117317282A true CN117317282A (en) 2023-12-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311473927.2A Pending CN117317282A (en) 2023-11-08 2023-11-08 Mixed flow passage bipolar plate structure, manufacturing method and fuel cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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