CN117313586A - Magneto-aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling - Google Patents
Magneto-aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of magneto-pneumatic dynamic analysis, and particularly discloses a magneto-pneumatic dynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling, which comprises the following steps: setting experimental conditions and constructing an experimental physical model; constructing a mathematical model and setting boundary conditions; setting a solving rule and a verifying rule of a mathematical model, and solving and verifying the mathematical model according to the solving rule and the verifying rule; performing grid setting and independence test; performing mathematical model simulation, and performing distribution analysis and characteristic analysis; and outputting an analysis result. The invention explores the influence of the magnetizing area, the magnetic field transition gradient, the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number on the magnetic aerodynamic flow in the circular tube by constructing the physical model under the full magnetizing and partial magnetizing and constructing the mathematical model, provides reference for controlling the heat energy of high-temperature high-speed fuel gas in the pipeline or delaying the ablation of the pipe wall, and has strong analysis result reference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magneto-pneumatic dynamic analysis, and relates to a magneto-pneumatic dynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling.
Background
The magneto-aerodynamic flow is generally generated by fuel combustion, and by sowing ionization seeds in fuel or fuel gas, the conductivity of high-temperature fuel gas can be improved by several orders of magnitude, so that the magneto-aerodynamic flow has potential application value in the fields of engine thrust vector control, engine throat and tail nozzle ablation prevention, power plant boiler tube heat protection, magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel heat energy control and the like.
At present, the analysis of the magneto-aerodynamic flow in the pipe is mainly carried out by taking liquid magnetic fluid as an analysis object, and certain difference exists, namely, the consistency is not achieved, and the following defects exist: 1. the thermodynamic parameters of the magneto-aerodynamic flow and the liquid magnetic fluid are different, so that the joule heating effect in the fluid cannot be ignored, the joule heating effect in the fluid is often ignored in the current magneto-aerodynamic flow analysis, and the effectiveness of the magneto-aerodynamic flow analysis in the tube cannot be ensured.
2. The boundary setting is relatively fixed and limited, the analysis of the magnetic fluid heat transfer in the tube is generally a constant heat flow boundary condition at present, the problem of ablation in the tube is generally forced convection heat exchange of high-temperature gas to the tube wall, the method belongs to Robin boundary conditions, the detailed analysis is not carried out in the scene at present, and certain scene limitation exists.
3. The suitability of the current numerical value setting is insufficient, the magnetic induction intensity is considered as a constant value at present, a certain transition area exists in the transverse magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet or the electromagnet, and certain interference is generated on the analysis of the flow and the heat transfer characteristics of the magnetomotive flow in the circular tube, so that the reference and the accuracy of the analysis result of the flow and the heat transfer characteristics of the magnetomotive flow in the circular tube are not strong.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to solve the problems presented in the above background art, a magneto-caloric multi-field coupling magneto-aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method is now proposed.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a magneto-aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling, which comprises the following steps: a1, setting experimental conditions and constructing an experimental physical model.
A2, constructing a mathematical model and setting boundary conditions.
A3, setting a solving rule and a verifying rule of the mathematical model, and solving and verifying the mathematical model according to the solving rule and the verifying rule.
And A4, grid setting and independence checking.
A5, carrying out mathematical model simulation, and carrying out distribution analysis and characteristic analysis, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a51, performing distribution analysis of induced current, electromagnetic force and Joule heat.
A52, performing influence analysis of the magnetic field on the flow characteristics.
And A53, performing heat transfer characteristic change analysis.
A6, outputting an analysis result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The invention explores the influence of the magnetizing area, the magnetic field transition gradient, the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number on the magnetic aerodynamic flow in the circular tube by constructing the physical model under the full magnetizing and partial magnetizing and constructing the mathematical model, truly reflects the interaction among the magnetic field, the thermal field and the fluid field in the real world, provides data assistance for exploring the magnetic aerodynamic flow behaviors in different subsequent application scenes, provides reference for controlling the heat energy of high-temperature high-speed fuel gas in the pipeline or delaying the ablation of the tube wall, and also exploits the exploring direction of the magnetic aerodynamic flow behaviors in different subsequent application scenes.
(2) According to the invention, through combining the Joule heating effect in the fluid, the influence of different inlet Reynolds numbers, hartmann numbers and different magnetization areas on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed, the defect that the Joule heating effect in the fluid is ignored at present is overcome, so that the effectiveness and reliability of the analysis of the flow behavior of the magneto-pneumatic dynamics in the tube are improved, the analysis of the convective heat exchange intensity between the fluid and the wall surface under the influence of various factors is realized, and the credibility and convincing of the analysis result of the flow behavior of the magneto-pneumatic dynamics in the tube are improved.
(3) According to the invention, model solving and analysis are carried out based on Robin boundary conditions, so that the limitation of the current constant heat flow boundary conditions is broken, the limitation of the current analysis scene is made up, and the reasonability of the current in-tube magneto-pneumatic dynamic fashion analysis result is enhanced.
(4) According to the invention, when the experimental physical model is set, the magnetic field transition region is set, so that the error existing in the current constant magnetic induction intensity analysis is avoided, the interference on the analysis of the flow performance and the heat transfer characteristic of the magneto-aerodynamic flow in the circular tube is reduced, and the reference and the accuracy of the analysis result of the flow and the heat transfer characteristic of the magneto-aerodynamic flow in the circular tube are further ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical model of the flow and heat transfer of gaseous magnetic fluid within a circular tube in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of simulated comparison of flow velocity over a cross-section of a tube in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the number of moles along Cheng Nusai at the wall of a round tube at different Re's in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cloud and vector diagram of induced current on a cross section of a circular tube y=0 under different magnetically-applied strips according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cloud and vector diagram of current distribution on a cross section of a circular tube in different magnetizing modes.
FIG. 7 is a cloud chart of the Joule heat distribution on the cross section of a circular tube in different magnetizing modes.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the flow velocity distribution of the cross section of a circular tube in different magnetizing manners according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of velocity profiles along the y=0 direction and the z=0 direction for various tube sections according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the cross section of a circular tube in different magnetizing modes.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the temperature distribution of the cross section of a circular tube in different magnetizing modes according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the along-the-way variation of the dimensionless temperature at the wall surface of a circular tube under different magnetically-induced magnetic strips of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the temperature change along the course of a wall surface at various magnetic field transition distances according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a plot of the average noose number of the magnetized regions at different magnetic field transition distances for re=16020 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a graph of Cheng Nusai moles along the wall of y=0 and z=0 for different Re and different Ha according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a graph of the average Nussel number distribution of the walls of a circular tube under different magnetically marked pieces of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a magneto-aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling, which includes: a1, setting experimental conditions and constructing an experimental physical model.
Specifically, the experimental conditions include full magnetization and partial magnetization, and the experimental physical model is a physical model under all the magnetic stripes and under the partial magnetic stripes.
Further, the experimental physical model is long400mm diameter->For a 30mm circular tube structure, the flow speed of the magneto-aerodynamic flow at the inlet of the circular tube is a variable flow speed, and the temperature of the magneto-aerodynamic flow at the inlet of the circular tube is +.>500K, conductivityThe forced convection heat exchange is carried out between the fluid in the tube and the inner wall surface of the circular tube at 1000S/m, and the convection heat exchange coefficient between the fluid and the wall surface is +.>Natural convection heat exchange is carried out on the outer wall surface of the circular tube and the outside air, and the convection heat exchange coefficient of the outer wall surface of the circular tube and the outside air is as followsThe Robin boundary condition is that a transverse magnetic field is applied along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the round tube, and the magnetic induction intensity amplitude is +.>。
It is added that the middle half area of the circular tube under the part of the magnetically-added strip is a magnetic field area, the initial section and the end section of the magnetic field have linear transition gradients, and the length of the transition area is as follows40m ofm is specifically shown in fig. 2, in which case1 in fig. 2 is an experimental physical model of the condition under all magnetization, and case2 in fig. 2 is an experimental physical model under part of the magnetically-labeled piece.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the experimental physical model is set, the magnetic field transition region is set, so that the error existing in the current constant magnetic induction intensity analysis is avoided, the interference on the analysis of the flow performance and the heat transfer characteristic of the magneto-pneumatic dynamic flow in the circular tube is reduced, and the referential and the accuracy of the analysis result of the flow and the heat transfer characteristic of the magneto-pneumatic dynamic flow in the circular tube are further ensured.
A2, constructing a mathematical model and setting boundary conditions.
Specifically, the mathematical model is constructed, and the specific construction process comprises the following steps: a2-1, calculating the change of each aerodynamic parameter along with the temperature through empirical parameters, and taking the change as each Joule heat source item.
Understandably, the aerodynamic parameters include density, viscosity, specific heat and thermal conductivity.
Wherein the viscosity change with temperature is specifically expressed as，/>Indicating the temperature of the fluid.
The change in density with temperature is specifically expressed as。
The change of specific heat with temperature is specifically expressed as。
The change of the heat conductivity coefficient with temperature is specifically expressed asWherein->To->And Λ is constant.
A2-2, leading each Joule heat source term into an energy equation to construct a dimensionless control equation set, wherein the dimensionless control equation set specifically represents the following steps:wherein->Is of dimensionless speed, +.>Is of dimensionless time, < >>Is of dimensionless density->Is dimensionless pressure->Is a dimensionless viscosity coefficient->Is a dimensionless magnetic induction intensity vector, +.>Is a dimensionless current vector, +.>，/>，/>Is of dimensionless potential value, +.>，/>Is a dimensionless temperature>Is non-dimensional specific heat->Is the magnitude of the dimensionless current,is of dimensionless heat conductivity>Is a dimensionless hamiltonian, +.>，/>In the form of a dimensionless laplace operator,，/>is Reynolds number (Reynolds number)>Is Stuttgart number, < >>Is Hartmann number->Is peclet number (L)>Is the Eclet number.
It should be noted that the number of the substrates,，/>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>wherein->Respectively expressed as initial density, initial viscosity coefficient, initial heat conduction coefficient and initial constant pressure specific heat corresponding to the magnetic gas at the inlet of the circular tube>Expressed as initial velocity of the tube inlet in the y-direction,/>For the fluid velocity on the cross section of the round tube, ">For time (I)>Indicating current,/->Indicates the pressure in the round tube>Indicating electromagnetic intensity->Is the outside air temperature>For the temperature difference>Is an electric potential.
It should be noted that, when constructing the mathematical model, the method further includes the step of carrying out the characterization of the converter strength parameter, and the specific characterization process is as follows: e1, using the Knoop number to represent the convective heat transfer intensity between the magnetic aerodynamic flow and the circular tube wall surface to obtain the local instantaneous Knoop number at a certain position of the wall surface,，/>for the temperature at the location of the wall, +.>For the dimensionless value of the temperature at the wall in this position, < >>Is the average temperature of the fluid on the cross section of the round tube, +.>Is a dimensionless value corresponding to the average temperature of the fluid on the cross section of the circular tube, < >>Radial coordinate of round tube>Is a dimensionless value of the radial coordinate of the circular tube,，/>is the radial coordinate of the round tube.
E2, local instantaneous Knoop number at a certain position of the wall surfaceTime-averaged noose number at each position, noted +.>Pair +.>Integrating to obtain the average number of Knoop/L of all the wall surfaces of the magnetized area and the circular tube>，/>，/>For the length of the magnetic field area>，/>0 and +.>。
Still more specifically, setting the boundary condition includes: s1, setting the boundary conditions of speed and temperature at the inlet asAnd->，/>、/>And->The dimensionless velocity components of the magnetic gas in the x, y and z directions of the tube, respectively.
S2, setting the boundary conditions of the speed and the temperature at the outlet asAnd->，/>Is->Dimensionless coordinate component of the axial direction.
S3, setting the boundary conditions of the speed and the potential at the wall surface of the circular tube asAnd，/>is a normal coordinate.
S4, setting the temperature boundary condition at the wall surface of the circular tube as，/>For the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the wall surface, < >>Is the convection heat exchange coefficient of the outer wall surface of the circular tube and the outside air.
A3, setting a solving rule and a verifying rule of the mathematical model, and solving and verifying the mathematical model according to the solving rule and the verifying rule.
Specifically, the solving rule of the mathematical model is as follows: and carrying out numerical solution on the dimensionless control equation set by a finite volume method.
The diffusion term adopts a central differential format, and is matched with、/>And->The dispersion is performed using a third order QUICK format.
The pressure-velocity coupling is processed by a PISO pressure correction algorithm.
Turbulence parameters were solved by the k-omegaSST model.
And solving the algebraic equation after the discretization by a Gaussian-Sedel point-by-point iteration method.
Still more specifically, the validation rule of the mathematical model is: and G1, performing flow control verification of the magnetic fluid in the pipe by setting a verification model for flow control.
In one embodiment, the verification model is a Gardner et al experimental model, that is, the Gardner et al experimental model is used to verify the flow control of the magnetic fluid in the tube, the Gardner et al experimental model analyzes the turbulence regulating effect of the transverse magnetic field on the mercury, the specific verification data is shown in fig. 3,to provide local flow velocity along the tube,as can be seen from fig. 3, the experimental results of the numerical solution and the turbulent flow regulation and control effect of the transverse magnetic field on mercury keep good consistency for the flow direction speed of the central axis on the cross section of the circular tube, and particularly under the condition of large magnetic induction intensity, the invention is verified to be capable of effectively simulating the flow of magnetic fluid.
G2, for turbulent convection heat transfer of hot air in the circular tube, verifying a mathematical model and a solving rule by adopting a Gnielinski empirical formula, wherein the empirical formula of the on-way variation of the Knoop number is as follows:，/>is Plantain number>Is constant and is->，/>Is->Coordinate component in the axial direction.
In a specific embodiment, the inlet effect of the fluid in the circular tube is considered in the empirical formula of the variation of the number of the noose along the way, which is relatively close to the scene of the heat conduction analysis of the present invention, when the inlet temperature is 500K, the number of the noose at different Re is compared with that shown in fig. 4, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the numerical simulation result is relatively consistent with the calculation result of the Gnielinski empirical formula. Although a certain error exists at the inlet of the circular tube, the error between the circular tube and the circular tube gradually reduces along with the development of flow, and the effectiveness of the invention in solving the problem of air convection heat exchange in the circular tube is verified.
According to the embodiment of the invention, model solving analysis is carried out based on Robin boundary conditions, so that the limitation of the current constant heat flow boundary conditions is broken, the limitation of the current analysis scene is made up, and the rationality of the current in-tube magneto-pneumatic dynamic fashion analysis result is enhanced.
And A4, grid setting and independence checking.
Specifically, for the circular tube structure, a structured grid is adopted, and the y+ value of the first layer of grid at the wall surface is ensured to be about 1. Thus, 7 different grid sizes are respectively divided for 7 different inlet flow rates, grid transition gradients at the first layer, which is the grid size and the boundary layer, are corrected through calculation and numerical simulation, grid sensitivity analysis under each inlet Re is completed, and final grid size setting and the obtained average Knoop number of the wall surface of the circular tube when a magnetic field is applied are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 selection of final grid at different Re and Nu
A5, carrying out mathematical model simulation, and carrying out distribution analysis and characteristic analysis, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a51, performing distribution analysis of induced current, electromagnetic force and Joule heat.
In one embodiment, the distribution analysis of induced current, electromagnetic force and joule heat is performed by comparing the distribution of induced current in the round tube with all and part of the magnetization, taking the inlet velocity of 20m/s (re=16020) as an example.
1. And (3) carrying out induced current distribution analysis: when ha=74 and re=16000, the current distribution results on the section of the round tube y=0 in two magnetizing modes are shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 5 (a) shows the induced current cloud and vector diagram on the section y=0 of the round tube under all the magnetically-applied strips, and fig. 5 (b) shows the induced current cloud and vector diagram on the section y=0 of the round tube under part of the magnetically-applied strips.
As can be seen from fig. 5, on the y=0 cross section, the induced current difference in the two magnetizing modes is very significant. When the magnetized region covers the entire tube, the current at the core flow is in the negative y-axis direction and the current density shows a tendency to increase gradually as the flow extends. When the magnetic field exists only in the middle area of the circular tube, the magnetic field starting section and the magnetic field ending section have larger induced current density, and the induced current forms an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field due to the strong coupling effect formed between the changed magnetic field and the magnetic fluid flow, so that the magnetic field starting section and the magnetic field ending section form annular high-density current loops along the anticlockwise direction and the clockwise direction respectively.
Under the action of the transverse magnetic field, the induced current at the circular section of the circular tube along the axial direction returns from the center to the vicinity of the wall surface of the Roberts boundary layer to form two annular structures, which is the prior analysis conclusion, and the invention does not need to display and analyze any more, and mainly focuses on the distribution of parameters such as the induced current on the transverse section.
2. Electromagnetic force distribution analysis is carried out: when ha=74 and re=16000, electromagnetic force distribution on the y=0 section and the z=0 section of the round tube in two magnetization modes is shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 6 (a) is a current distribution cloud and vector diagram on a y=0 section under all magnetic strips, fig. 6 (b) is a current distribution cloud and vector diagram on a y=0 section under part of magnetic strips, fig. 6 (c) is a current distribution cloud and vector diagram on a z=0 section under all magnetic strips, and fig. 6 (d) is a current distribution cloud and vector diagram on a z=0 section under part of magnetic strips.
It can be seen from fig. 6 that the distribution of electromagnetic forces is also closely related to the gradient of the magnetic field, consistent with the current distribution. When the outside of the circular tube is magnetized, electromagnetic force applied to the core flow of the circular tube has an inhibiting effect on the flow along the negative direction of the flow. At the Hartmann boundary layer, electromagnetic thrust in the positive direction of flow occurs due to the presence of induced current in the negative z-axis direction. In the case of partial magnetization, a pinch force inward in the radial direction occurs in the magnetic field starting section and a pressing force inward in the radial direction occurs in the magnetic field ending section due to the presence of an induced current in the x-direction near the transition region wall surface of the magnetic field.
3. Analysis of the distribution of joule heat was performed: when ha=74 and re=16020, the joule heat distribution on the y=0 section and the z=0 section of the round tube in the two magnetizing methods is shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 7 (a) is a cloud of joule heat distribution in the y=0 cross section under all magnetic strips, fig. 7 (b) is a cloud of joule heat distribution in the y=0 cross section under part of magnetic strips, fig. 7 (c) is a cloud of joule heat distribution in the z=0 cross section under all magnetic strips, and fig. 7 (d) is a cloud of joule heat distribution in the z=0 cross section under part of magnetic strips.
It can be seen from fig. 7 that the joule heating profile is closely related to the induced current profile, which is also concentrated at the field transition region and the thin layer near the Hartmann layer. In addition, because of the large induced current values present in the field transition region, the special distribution of electromagnetic forces and joule heating will have an impact on flow and heat transfer characteristics.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through combining the Joule heat effect in the fluid, the influence of different inlet Reynolds numbers, hartmann numbers and different magnetization areas on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed, the defect that the Joule heat effect in the fluid is ignored at present is overcome, so that the effectiveness and reliability of the analysis of the flow behavior of the magneto-pneumatic dynamics in the tube are improved, the analysis of the convection heat exchange intensity between the fluid and the wall surface under the influence of various factors is realized, and the credibility and convincing of the analysis result of the flow behavior of the magneto-pneumatic dynamics in the tube are improved.
A52, performing influence analysis of the magnetic field on the flow characteristics.
In a specific embodiment, taking re=16020 as an example, the flow velocity distribution on the cross section of the round tube under different Ha and different magnetizing modes is analyzed, and the specific analysis is shown in fig. 8.
Fig. 8 (a) shows the flow velocity distribution diagram of the cross section of the circular tube under all the magnetically-coated strips, and fig. 8 (b) shows the flow velocity distribution diagram of the cross section of the circular tube under all the magnetically-coated strips, wherein the circular tube has cross sections of x=40 mm, x=120 mm, x=200 mm, x=280 mm, x=360 mm from top to bottom, and ha=0, ha=74, ha=222, ha=370, ha=555 from left to right.
Specifically, the velocity profiles along the y=0 direction and the z=0 direction on the different circular tube sections are shown in fig. 9, where fig. 9 (a) is a velocity profile along the y=0 line for all magnetic strips, x=100 mm, z=0 line for all magnetic strips, fig. 9 (d) is a velocity profile along the x=100 mm, z=0 line for all magnetic strips, fig. 9 (e) is a velocity profile along the x=200 mm, y=0 line for all magnetic strips, fig. 9 (f) is a velocity profile along the x=200 mm, y=0 line for all magnetic strips, x=200 mm, z=0 line for all magnetic strips, and fig. 9 (h) is a velocity profile along the x=200 mm, z=0 line for all magnetic strips.
As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, with the tube fully magnetized, the flow exhibits an anisotropic distribution near the Hartmann and Roberts boundary layer. The velocity at the core flow is significantly suppressed, the velocity within the Roberts boundary layer decreases, the velocity and velocity gradient within the Hartmann boundary layer increases, and the velocity along the z=0 line becomes flat. As the flow extends in the x-direction, the magnetic field increasingly inhibits velocity. In the case of partial magnetization of the round tube, a pronounced high-speed region occurs in the vicinity of the Roberts layer of the magnetic field initiation segment, which is closely related to the pinch force that the electromagnetic force exhibits in the radial direction here. The magnetic fluid is extruded from the vicinity of the core flow region to form high-speed jet flow due to the combined action of the blocking force of the core flow region and the pinching force of the magnetic field transition region.
In another embodiment, taking re=16020 as an example, turbulent kinetic energy distribution on the cross section of the round tube under different Ha in different magnetizing modes is analyzed, as shown in fig. 10.
Fig. 10 (a) is a turbulent kinetic energy distribution diagram of the cross section of the circular tube under all the magnetic strips, and fig. 10 (b) is a turbulent kinetic energy distribution diagram of the cross section of the circular tube under part of the magnetic strips, wherein the circular tubes are x=40 mm, x=120 mm, x=200 mm, x=280 mm, and x=360 mm from top to bottom. Ha=0, ha=74, ha=222, ha=370, ha=555 from left to right, respectively.
It can be seen from fig. 10 that the turbulence intensity is not greatly related to the magnitude of the velocity value, but is closely related to the pulsation of the velocity value. Turbulent kinetic energy near the wall of the tube is most pronounced in the absence of a magnetic field. At a certain magnetic induction intensity, the turbulence intensity is suppressed, and the suppression of turbulence in the vicinity of the Hartmann boundary layer is more pronounced than in the vicinity of the Roberts boundary layer.
When the magnetic induction intensity exceeds a certain range, the turbulence intensity near the Roberts boundary layer in the magnetized region increases reversely, because the electromagnetic force suppresses the flow velocity near the core flow region and the Roberts boundary layer, but as Ha increases further, the velocity gradient near the Roberts boundary layer becomes smaller and the velocity becomes uneven, thereby increasing the flow instability near the boundary layer.
A53, carrying out heat transfer characteristic change analysis, including: a531, carrying out anisotropic distribution analysis of temperature: and analyzing the temperature distribution on the sections of the circular tubes under different magnetizing modes and different Has.
In one embodiment, the analysis results of the temperature distribution on the cross section of the circular tube under different magnetization modes and different has are shown in fig. 11, where fig. 11 (a) is a temperature distribution diagram on the cross section of the circular tube under all the magnetically-labeled pieces, and fig. 11 (b) is a temperature distribution diagram on the cross section of the circular tube under part of the magnetically-labeled pieces.
It should be noted that, the along-line change of the non-dimensional temperatures at the wall surfaces of the circular tubes with y=0 and z=0 under different magnetic strips is specifically shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 (a) is a graph of the along-line change of the non-dimensional temperatures with y=0 under all magnetic strips, fig. 12 (b) is a graph of the along-line change of the non-dimensional temperatures with y=0 under part of the magnetic strips, fig. 12 (c) is a graph of the along-line change of the non-dimensional temperatures with z=0 under all magnetic strips, and fig. 12 (d) is a graph of the along-line change of the non-dimensional temperatures with z=0 under part of the magnetic strips.
As can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, the temperature distribution in the tube also shows a significant anisotropy, and the temperature of the wall at z=0 is higher at the inlet than in the absence of a magnetic field, with all the magnetic strips, but the temperature value drops significantly as the flow extends, and the heat transfer inhibition is generally exhibited at the tube wall. This is because the suppression of turbulence by the magnetic field at the inlet is not yet significant, but at the same time an increase in velocity and velocity gradient has occurred near the wall, resulting in an increase in convective heat transfer intensity and wall temperature at the inlet of the tube. The temperature at the wall surface also shows a tendency to decrease as a whole with the partial addition of the magnetic strip.
It should be noted that, in both magnetic-strip-applied members, the temperature change of the wall surface at y=0 is not obvious, because the electromagnetic force applied thereto is small, the suppression effect of the magnetic field on the turbulence is not obvious, and the temperature rise occurs at the wall surfaces of the magnetic-field start section and the magnetic-field end section, because the accumulation of joule heat exists at the magnetic-field start section and the magnetic-field end section, so that the fluid temperature and the convection intensity at the wall surface are increased. It can be inferred that the change in turbulence intensity and joule heat in the magneto-aerodynamic flow together determine the change in convective heat transfer intensity at the wall.
A532, performing an analysis of the influence of the magnetic field transition gradient on the heat transfer characteristic: the effect of different magnetic field gradients on the heat transfer characteristics was analyzed.
In one embodiment, ha=148, the temperature change along the path at y=0 and z=0 at different magnetic field transition distances is shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 (a) is a graph of the temperature change at y=0 at different magnetic field transition distances, and fig. 13 (b) is a graph of the temperature change at z=0 at different magnetic field transition distances.
As can be seen from fig. 13, the magnetic field gradient significantly affects the convective heat transfer intensity of the beginning and ending sections. The greater the magnetic field gradient, the more pronounced the temperature rise at the wall of the transition region. This is because the induced current increases with an increase in the magnetic induction intensity change rate, thereby causing joule heat to accumulate in the magnetic field transition region, and further causing an increase in convective heat transfer and an increase in wall temperature. Therefore, heat transfer in the magnetic field transition region can be suppressed by reducing the transition gradient of the magnetic field.
It should be noted that, when re=16020, the variation trend of the knoop number of the magnetic region of the partially magnetized circular tube at different Ha and different magnetic field transition distances is shown in fig. 14, it can be seen from fig. 14 that the knoop number shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with increasing magnetic induction intensity for the magnetic region, which is related to the synergistic effect of the aforementioned turbulence suppression effect and joule heating effect. The effect of the magnetic field on heat transfer is more obvious under the condition of small magnetic field gradient, and the influence of the magnetic field gradient is increased along with the increase of Ha. When ha=222, the average Nu at the transition distance of 2mm is 44.81, which is reduced by 8.77% compared to the case where no magnetic field is applied, and the average Nu at the transition region of 40mm is 43.48, which is reduced by 11.48% compared to the case where no magnetic field is applied. When ha=555, the average Nu at the transition distance of 2mm is 51.44, which is increased by 4.72% compared with that at the transition region of 40mm, which is 45.73, is reduced by 6.90% compared with that at the transition region of 40mm, which is obviously different from that at the transition region of 40mm, and further illustrates that the magnetic field gradient has a significant effect on heat transfer.
A533, performing an analysis of the influence of the reynolds number and the hartmann number on the heat transfer characteristics: the edges Cheng Nusai moles at the y=0 and z=0 walls were analyzed for different Re and Ha for different magnetically-applied strips.
In one particular embodiment, the number of moles of edge Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for different Re and different Ha is shown in fig. 15, fig. 15 (a) is a graph of the number of moles of edge Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for all of the magnetic strips, fig. 15 (b) is a graph of the number of moles of edge Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for part of the magnetic strips ha=74, fig. 15 (c) is a graph of the number of moles of edge Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for all of the magnetic strips ha=222, fig. 15 (d) is a graph of the number of edges Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for part of the magnetic strips ha=222, fig. 15 (e) is a graph of the number of edges Cheng Nusai at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for all of the magnetic strips ha=370, and fig. 15 (f) is a graph of the number of edges 5698 at the wall of y=0 and z=0 for part of the magnetic strips ha=222 for part of the magnetic strips.
It can be seen from FIG. 15 that the anisotropic distribution of heat transfer becomes more and more apparent with increasing Ha and extending flow at the same Re. With the same Ha, the anisotropic distribution of heat transfer becomes more and more apparent with increasing Re. The change in convective heat transfer intensity is closely related to the turbulence suppression effect.
It should be noted that, as the Re is higher, the turbulence intensity of the corresponding flow is also higher, which results in a possibly smaller magnetic field, and a considerable heat transfer control effect can be achieved. Notably, this discovery provides a data reference for achieving high temperature and high speed in-tube heat transfer inhibition, and thus for applications that address tube ablation.
It should be noted that, the change of the average Nu along with Ha and Re on all the wall surfaces of the round tubes under different magnetic strips is shown in fig. 16, where fig. 16 (a) is a graph of the average knoop-number distribution on all the wall surfaces of the round tubes under the magnetic strips, and fig. 16 (b) is a graph of the average knoop-number distribution on the wall surfaces of the round tubes under part of the magnetic strips.
As can be seen from fig. 16, the heat transfer inhibition effect has an optimal magnetic induction intensity value and a saturation effect of heat transfer inhibition for both the case of full magnetization and the case of partial magnetization of the round tube. The more remarkable the heat transfer suppressing effect that can be achieved by the magnetic field is with an increase in Re, but on the other hand, the greater the magnetic induction required to achieve the optimum heat transfer suppressing effect is with an increase in Re. For example, when Re is 6408, ha is about 74% for the best heat transfer inhibiting effect for all magnetized wall surfaces=0.4T), whereas when Ha is 40050, ha is about 370 (++>=2.0t). The magnetization range is not proportional to the heat transfer inhibiting effect, and the magnetization region is a transition region which is not considered when the length of the round tube is half of the total length, and the Nu decrease range is 13.47% at maximum when Re is 40050, and is 17.00% when the round tube is fully magnetized. The influence of the gradient change of the magnetic field on heat transfer is combined, so that the optimal configuration of the magnetic induction intensity, the magnetic field transition ladder and the magnetizing area needs to be comprehensively considered to achieve the optimal heat transfer inhibition effect.
A5, outputting an analysis result, including: 1) The magnetic aerodynamic flow in the circular tube is enabled to have turbulent flow and heat transfer to present obvious anisotropic distribution due to the induction current, electromagnetic force and joule heat generated under the action of the transverse magnetic field, and the anisotropic distribution is more and more obvious along with the extension of Ha, re and flow.
2) In a part of the magnetically-added round tube, an obvious high-speed flow area appears near a Roberts boundary layer of a magnetic field transition area, the existence of the magnetic field transition area also strengthens the heat convection of the area, and the heat transfer strengthening effect is increased along with the increase of magnetic induction intensity, namely, the heat transfer strengthening effect is positively correlated with the magnetic field gradient, and the overall heat transfer inhibiting effect is negatively influenced.
3) The transverse magnetic field generally exhibits an inhibition effect on heat transfer, there is a saturation effect, and the magnitude of heat transfer inhibition increases with increasing Re and Ha, but with increasing Re, the greater the magnetic induction required to achieve an optimal heat transfer inhibition effect.
4) The expansion of the magnetization region can increase the heat transfer suppressing effect, but the larger the magnetization region is, the better the heat transfer suppressing effect is from the viewpoint of heat transfer suppressing efficiency, and the heat transfer suppressing effect should be comprehensively considered from the viewpoints of the magnetic field direction, the magnetic induction intensity, the gradient of the magnetic field of the magnetization region and the transition region, and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the influence of the magnetizing area, the magnetic field transition gradient, the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number on the magneto-aerodynamic flow in the circular tube is explored by constructing the physical model under all magnetizing and partial magnetizing and constructing the mathematical model, the interaction among the magnetic field, the thermal field and the fluid field in the real world is truly reflected, data assistance is provided for exploration of magneto-aerodynamic flow behaviors in different subsequent application scenes, meanwhile, references are provided for heat energy control of high-temperature high-speed fuel gas in a pipeline or delay of ablation of the tube wall, and the exploration direction of magneto-aerodynamic flow behaviors in different subsequent application scenes is also developed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of this invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the specific embodiments described, or similar arrangements may be substituted by those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of this invention or beyond the scope of this invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The magneto-rheological aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis method under magneto-rheological multi-field coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, setting experimental conditions and constructing an experimental physical model;
a2, constructing a mathematical model and setting boundary conditions;
a3, setting a solving rule and a verifying rule of the mathematical model, and solving and verifying the mathematical model according to the solving rule and the verifying rule;
a4, grid setting and independence checking are carried out;
a5, carrying out mathematical model simulation, and carrying out distribution analysis and characteristic analysis, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a51, carrying out distribution analysis of induced current, electromagnetic force and Joule heat;
a52, performing influence analysis of the magnetic field on the flow characteristics;
a53, performing heat transfer characteristic change analysis;
a6, outputting an analysis result.
2. The method for analyzing the magnetocaloric aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy under the magneto-caloric multi-field coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the experimental conditions are full magnetization and partial magnetization;
wherein the experimental physical model is long400mm diameter->For a 30mm circular tube structure, the flow speed of the magneto-aerodynamic flow at the inlet of the circular tube is a variable flow speed, and the temperature of the magneto-aerodynamic flow at the inlet of the circular tube is +.>500K, conductivity->The forced convection heat exchange is carried out between the fluid in the tube and the inner wall surface of the circular tube at 1000S/m, and the convection heat exchange coefficient between the fluid and the wall surface is +.>Natural convection heat exchange is carried out between the outer wall surface of the circular tube and the external air, and the convection heat exchange coefficient between the outer wall surface of the circular tube and the external air is +.>The Robin boundary condition is that a transverse magnetic field is applied along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the round tube, and the magnetic induction intensity amplitude is +.>；
Wherein, the middle half area of the round tube under the part of the magnetically-added strip piece is a magnetic field area, the initial section and the end section of the magnetic field have linear transition gradients, and the length of the transition area is as follows40mm.
3. The method for analyzing the magnetocaloric aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy under the magneto-caloric multi-field coupling according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and A2, constructing a mathematical model, wherein the specific construction process comprises the following steps:
calculating the change of each air thermodynamic parameter along with the temperature through the empirical parameters, and taking the air thermodynamic parameters as each Joule heat source item;
and leading each Joule heat source term into an energy equation to construct a dimensionless control equation set, wherein the dimensionless control equation set specifically comprises the following steps:wherein->Is of dimensionless speed, +.>Is of dimensionless time, < >>Is of dimensionless density->Is dimensionless pressure->Is a dimensionless viscosity coefficient->Is a dimensionless magnetic induction intensity vector, +.>Is a dimensionless current vector, +.>，/>，/>In the form of a dimensionless potential value,，/>is a dimensionless temperature>Is non-dimensional specific heat->Is a dimensionless current amplitude +.>Is of dimensionless heat conductivity>Is a dimensionless hamiltonian, +.>，/>Is a dimensionless Laplacian, which is +.>，Is Reynolds number (Reynolds number)>Is Stuttgart number, < >>Is Hartmann number->Is peclet number (L)>Is the Eclet number.
4. A method for magnetocaloric multi-field coupled aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: the aerodynamic parameters comprise density, viscosity, specific heat and heat conductivity coefficient;
wherein the change of viscosity with temperature is specifically expressed as，/>Indicating the temperature of the fluid;
the change in density with temperature is specifically expressed as；
The change of specific heat with temperature is specifically expressed as；
The change of the heat conductivity coefficient with temperature is specifically expressed asWherein->To->And Λ is constant.
5. The method for analyzing the magnetocaloric aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy under the magneto-caloric multi-field coupling according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mathematical model is constructed by the following steps:
the intensity of convection heat exchange between the magnetic aerodynamic flow and the circular tube wall surface is represented by the Nussel number to obtain the local instantaneous Nussel number at a certain position of the wall surface,，/>for the temperature at the location of the wall, +.>For the dimensionless value of the temperature at the wall in this position, < >>Is the average temperature of the fluid on the cross section of the round tube, +.>Is a dimensionless value corresponding to the average temperature of the fluid on the cross section of the circular tube, < >>Radial coordinate of round tube>Is a dimensionless value of the radial coordinate of the circular tube,，/>radial coordinate of round tube>Is the fluid velocity on the cross section of the circular tube;
will beTime-averaging to obtain the number of time-average noose at that location, denoted +.>Pair +.>Integrating to obtain the average number of Knoop/L of all the wall surfaces of the magnetized area and the circular tube>，/>，/>For the length of the magnetic field area>，/>0 and +.>。
6. A method for magnetocaloric multi-field coupled aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: the set boundary conditions include:
setting the speed and temperature boundary conditions at the inlet asAnd->，/>、/>And->The non-dimensional velocity components of the magnetic gas in the x, y and z directions of the circular tube are respectively;
setting the speed and temperature boundary conditions at the outlet asAnd->，/>Is->A dimensionless coordinate component of the axial direction;
setting the speed and potential boundary conditions at the wall of the circular tube asAnd->，/>Is a normal coordinate;
setting the temperature boundary condition at the wall surface of the circular tube as。
7. A method for magnetocaloric multi-field coupled aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: the solving rule of the mathematical model is as follows:
carrying out numerical solution on a dimensionless control equation set by a finite volume method;
the diffusion term adopts a central differential format, and is matched with、/>And->Adopting a third-order QUICK format for discretization;
processing the pressure-speed coupling through a PISO pressure correction algorithm;
solving turbulence parameters through a k-omegaSST model;
and solving the algebraic equation after the discretization by a Gaussian-Sedel point-by-point iteration method.
8. The method for analyzing the magnetocaloric aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy under the magneto-caloric multi-field coupling according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the verification rule of the mathematical model is as follows:
performing flow control verification of the magnetic fluid in the pipe by setting a verification model for flow control;
for turbulent convection heat transfer of hot air in a circular tube, a Gnielinski empirical formula is adopted to verify a mathematical model and a solving rule, wherein the empirical formula of the variation of the Knoop number along the way is as follows:，is Plantain number>Is constant and is->，/>Is->Coordinate component in the axial direction.
9. The method for analyzing the magnetocaloric aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy under the magneto-caloric multi-field coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the analysis of heat transfer characteristic change comprises the analysis of temperature anisotropy distribution, the analysis of influence of magnetic field transition gradient on heat transfer characteristic and the analysis of influence of Reynolds number and Hartmann number on heat transfer characteristic.
10. A method for magnetocaloric multi-field coupled aerodynamic flow behavior anisotropy analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: the analysis results are specifically as follows:
1) The magnetic aerodynamic flow in the circular tube is enabled to generate turbulent flow and heat transfer to present obvious anisotropic distribution due to the induction current, electromagnetic force and joule heat generated under the action of the transverse magnetic field, and the anisotropic distribution is more and more obvious along with the extension of Ha, re and flow;
2) In a part of the magnetically added round tube, an obvious high-speed flow area appears near a Roberts boundary layer of a magnetic field transition area, the existence of the magnetic field transition area also strengthens the heat convection of the area, and the heat transfer strengthening effect is increased along with the increase of magnetic induction intensity, namely, the heat transfer strengthening effect is positively correlated with the magnetic field gradient, and negative influence is generated on the overall heat transfer inhibiting effect;
3) The transverse magnetic field generally shows a suppression effect on heat transfer, a saturation effect exists, the amplitude of heat transfer suppression increases with the increase of Re and Ha, but the magnetic induction required for realizing the optimal heat transfer suppression effect is also larger with the increase of Re;
4) The expansion of the magnetized area can increase the heat transfer inhibiting effect.
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