CN117310837A - Method and system for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of sand-shale inter-layer cracks - Google Patents
Method and system for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of sand-shale inter-layer cracks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of a sand shale interbedded crack, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the profile characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is located, combining logging data, obtaining the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal main stress, and building a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed based on the thicknesses; carrying out rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbedded to be analyzed is located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters, and calculating the interface strength of the current sandstone-mudstone interbedded according to the rock mechanics parameters; according to the longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded fracture, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength, and the related parameters affecting the longitudinal through-layer characteristics of the sand-shale interbedded fracture, the longitudinal through-layer fracture of the rock interbedded to be analyzed is simulated, so that the longitudinal through-layer capacity of the sand-shale interbedded fracture is evaluated. The invention can accurately evaluate the longitudinal layer penetrating capability of the sand-shale interbedded cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field yield improvement, and particularly relates to a method and a system for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of sand-shale interbedded cracks.
Background
At present, the upper and lower subsections of five sections of reservoirs of the new field river set are mainly deposited by sand-shale interbedded layers, and the novel field river set has the characteristics of deep reservoir burial, large thickness of the sand-shale interbedded layers, strong heterogeneity, local development of low-angle joints, large horizontal main stress difference and poor gas-containing property.
Aiming at the characteristics of five thick sand shale interbeds of a new field, a large-scale layering volume fracturing mode is mainly utilized when a vertical well is developed, and a large-displacement, large-liquid-quantity and low-viscosity waterproof system is adopted for fracturing. Thus, the full transformation of the sand-shale interbed reservoir in the longitudinal direction is realized. In the process of realizing the invention, the inventor finds that the overall transformation effect of the interbed reservoir obtained by adopting the development mode is uneven, and the prior art lacks a method for effectively evaluating the full degree of longitudinal transformation of the sandy mudstone interbed reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for evaluating the longitudinal layer penetrating capability of a sand shale interbedded fracture, which comprises the following steps: according to the profile characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is located, combining logging data to obtain the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal principal stress, and based on the thicknesses, establishing a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed; carrying out rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbeds to be analyzed are located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters, and calculating the interface strength of the current sandstone-mudstone interbeds according to the rock mechanics parameters; and simulating the longitudinal through-layer crack of the rock to be analyzed according to the longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength and in combination with related parameters affecting the longitudinal through-layer characteristics of the sand-shale interbedded crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal through-layer capability of the sand-shale interbedded crack.
Preferably, a triaxial rock mechanical experiment method is adopted to obtain a first type of parameters in the rock mechanical parameters, wherein the first type of parameters comprise Young modulus and Poisson ratio of mudstone, young modulus and Poisson ratio of sandstone and Young modulus and Poisson ratio of a sand-mud interface; and obtaining a second type of parameters in the rock mechanical parameters by adopting a tensile strength experiment method, wherein the second type of parameters comprise the tensile strength of mudstone, the tensile strength of sandstone and the tensile strength of a sand-mud interface.
Preferably, if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a first coring layer having the same vertical depth as the rock interbed to be analyzed, taking the first type parameter of the first coring layer as the first type parameter of the rock interbed to be analyzed; and if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a second coring layer with different vertical depths from the rock interbed to be analyzed, respectively acquiring stratum confining pressures of the rock interbed to be analyzed and the second coring layer, fitting the first type parameters with the stratum confining pressures to obtain fitting coefficients between each sub-parameter in the first type parameters of the second coring layer and the stratum confining pressures, and calculating the first type parameters of the rock interbed to be analyzed by combining the stratum confining pressures of the rock interbed to be analyzed based on the fitting coefficients.
Preferably, the ratio of the tensile strength of the mudstone to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the tensile strength of the interface of the mudstone to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the Young modulus of the mudstone to the Young modulus of the sandstone, and the ratio of the Young modulus of the interface of the mudstone to the Young modulus of the sandstone are calculated respectively, and the minimum ratio data is used as the interface strength of the current interbedded mudstone.
Preferably, the related parameters comprise a ground stress parameter, a stratum physical property parameter and a construction parameter, and a first longitudinal crack extension model for representing a sandstone or mudstone stress field in the rock interbed to be analyzed is established by utilizing the ground stress parameter; establishing a second longitudinal crack propagation model for representing the seepage of sandstone or mudstone matrix in the rock interbedding to be analyzed by utilizing the stratum physical parameters; and establishing a third longitudinal crack propagation model for representing the flow characteristics of the longitudinal cracks in the rock interbedding to be analyzed by using the construction parameters.
Preferably, the first longitudinal crack propagation model is established using the following expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, σ x Representing the normal stress, sigma, of sandstone or mudstone in the x-direction z Representing the normal stress of sandstone or mudstone in the z direction, τ xz Representing shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in xz direction, τ zx Representing the shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in zx direction, B x Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, B z Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, a x Representing acceleration of sandstone or mudstone in x-direction, a z Representing acceleration of the sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, ρ represents the density of the sandstone or mudstone.
Preferably, the second longitudinal crack propagation model is established using the following expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, v x Represents the matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, v z Represents matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in z direction, q represents perforation point injection flow, phi represents the ratio of pore volume of sandstone or mudstone to the corresponding volume of sandstone or mudstone, k represents matrix permeability of sandstone or mudstone, mu represents fracturing fluid viscosity, H represents sagging depth of sandstone or mudstone, g represents gravitational acceleration, t represents matrix seepage time, ρRepresenting the density of sandstone or mudstone, and p represents the fluid pressure in the fracture.
Preferably, the third longitudinal crack propagation model is established using the following expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, v Fz The flow rate in the longitudinal crack in the x direction is represented by q, the injection flow rate of the perforation point is represented by v Fz Represents the flow rate in the longitudinal slit in the z direction, phi F The ratio of the volume of the crack to the volume of the sandstone or mudstone is represented by w, the width of the crack is represented by n, mu is an indication function, mu is the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, H is the vertical depth of the sandstone or mudstone, g is the acceleration of gravity, t is the matrix seepage time, ρ is the density of the sandstone or mudstone, and p is the fluid pressure in the crack.
Preferably, the direction of the minimum horizontal main stress is set as the transverse direction of the longitudinal model, and the transverse dimension of the longitudinal model is determined by taking a perforation point as a center and extending equidistantly along the transverse direction; setting the direction of the vertical stress of the rock interbedding to be analyzed as the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal model, and determining the longitudinal dimension of the longitudinal model according to the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone of the rock interbedding to be analyzed.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a system for evaluating the longitudinal perforation capability of a sand shale interbedded fracture, the system comprising the following modules: the model building module is used for obtaining the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone positioned at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal main stress according to the section characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is positioned and the logging data, and building a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed based on the thicknesses; the parameter calculation module is used for carrying out rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbedded to be analyzed is located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters, and calculating the interface strength of the current sand-mudstone interbedded according to the rock mechanics parameters; and the layering capability evaluation module is used for simulating the longitudinal layering crack of the rock to be analyzed according to the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength and in combination with related parameters affecting the longitudinal layering characteristics of the sand-shale inter-layer crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer crack.
One or more embodiments of the above-described solution may have the following advantages or benefits compared to the prior art:
the invention provides a method for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of a sand shale interbedded crack. Firstly, establishing a physical model of the rock interbed to be analyzed according to the thickness of the sandy rock of the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal main stress; then, utilizing the ground stress parameter, the stratum physical property parameter and the construction parameter to establish a plurality of longitudinal crack extension models related to the rock interbedding to be analyzed; then, utilizing each longitudinal crack extension model to obtain characteristic information (stress field characteristics, matrix seepage characteristics and flow characteristics of fracturing fluid in the longitudinal crack) which can influence the formation effect of the longitudinal through-layer crack, and further obtaining a physical model of the rock interbed to be analyzed by taking the characteristic information into consideration; and finally, combining the current physical model with rock mechanical parameters of sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interfaces of the rock interbedded to be analyzed and interface strength of the sand-mud rock interbedded obtained according to the rock mechanical parameters to simulate the characteristics of the form, the track and the like of the longitudinal through-layer crack. Therefore, the method evaluates the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks to be analyzed according to the visual longitudinal layering effect of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks, and accordingly accurate and reliable evaluation results are obtained.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a step diagram of a method for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a sand-shale interbedded longitudinal model of a method for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fitting relationship of relevant parameters in a method for evaluating a longitudinal perforation capability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fracture longitudinal penetration effect of a method for evaluating a longitudinal penetration capability of a sand shale interbedded fracture according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order other than that herein.
At present, the upper and lower subsections of five sections of reservoirs of the new field river set are mainly deposited by sand-shale interbedded layers, and the novel field river set has the characteristics of deep reservoir burial, large thickness of the sand-shale interbedded layers, strong heterogeneity, local development of low-angle joints, large horizontal main stress difference and poor gas-containing property.
Aiming at the characteristics of five thick sand shale interbeds of a new field, a large-scale layering volume fracturing mode is mainly utilized when a vertical well is developed, and a large-displacement, large-liquid-quantity and low-viscosity waterproof system is adopted for fracturing. Thus, the full transformation of the sand-shale interbed reservoir in the longitudinal direction is realized. In the process of realizing the invention, the inventor finds that the overall transformation effect of the interbed reservoir obtained by adopting the development mode is uneven, and the prior art lacks a method for effectively evaluating the full degree of longitudinal transformation of the sandy mudstone interbed reservoir.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a step diagram of a method for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. The individual steps of the method are described below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S110, according to the profile characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is located, the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum level principal stress are obtained in combination with logging data, and based on this, a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed is established. Specifically, firstly, obtaining the geological distribution characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbations to be analyzed are located, obtaining a geological profile of the stratum where the rock interbations to be analyzed are located, and further obtaining the profile characteristics of the rock interbation regions to be analyzed by using the geological profile. By analyzing the profile characteristics of the rock interbed to be analyzed, the superposition of a plurality of layers forms the current rock interbed to be analyzed, wherein each layer comprises sandstone layers and mudstone layers, and sandstone layers and mudstone layers of different layers are alternately arranged in the current rock interbed region to be analyzed. Therefore, the invention obtains the thickness of the thickness mud layer of all the sandstone layers forming the rock interaction to be analyzed currently based on the section characteristics of the rock interaction to be analyzed and the well logging data. And then, determining the magnitude and the direction of the minimum horizontal main stress of the corresponding sandstone layer and mudstone layer in the rock interbedding to be analyzed at present according to the logging data. Accordingly, a physical model for simulating the longitudinal layer penetrating capability of the current sand shale inter-layer cracks is established, namely: and a sand-shale interbedded longitudinal model.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a sand-shale interbedded longitudinal model of a method for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. Next, a process of establishing a longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded is described in detail with reference to fig. 2.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, according to the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress of the sandstone layer and the mudstone layer constituting the current rock interaction layer to be analyzed obtained in step S110, the horizontal direction parallel to the minimum horizontal principal stress is set as the lateral direction of the current sandstone interaction layer longitudinal model. And then taking the position of the perforation point as the center of the transverse direction of the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model, further taking the perforation point as the center, extending equidistantly along the transverse direction, and determining the transverse dimension of the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model according to the extending distance. In the embodiment of the application, a clustered perforation technology is adopted for construction operation, so that the transverse expansion characteristics of the interbed cracks corresponding to the current clustered design scheme are determined according to the clustered design scheme corresponding to the current perforation technology, and further the corresponding expansion distances are determined according to the transverse expansion characteristics, so that the transverse dimension of the interbed sand-shale longitudinal model is obtained by utilizing the expansion distances. In this embodiment of the present application, the extension distance is determined according to a cluster design scheme (the number of clusters, the cluster spacing, etc.) corresponding to the current perforation technology, and those skilled in the art may set the extension distance according to the actual construction operation situation.
Next, based on the profile characteristics of the rock interbody to be analyzed, the direction of the vertical stress of the rock interbody to be analyzed is determined, and the direction of the vertical stress is set as the longitudinal direction of the current sand-shale interbody longitudinal model. And then, directly superposing the thicknesses of all sandstone layers and the thicknesses of the mudstone layers which form the current rock interbedding to be analyzed, which are obtained in the step S110, or calculating the thickness proportion of all sandstone layers and the thicknesses of the mudstone layers according to logging data, reducing the thicknesses of the sandstone layers and the thicknesses of the mudstone layers of the rock interbedding to be analyzed according to the thickness proportion, and superposing the reduced thicknesses. It should be noted that, because the interlayer of the rock interbedded layer has the characteristic of complex distribution, in the embodiment of the application, according to the clustering design scheme corresponding to the current perforation technology, the longitudinal expansion characteristic of the interbedded crack corresponding to the current clustering design scheme is determined, and then the longitudinal dimension of the sand-shale interbedded layer longitudinal model is determined according to the longitudinal expansion characteristic.
Further, in step S120, rock mechanics experiments are performed on the sandstone core and the mudstone core of the stratum where the rock interbedded to be analyzed is located, and corresponding rock mechanics parameters are obtained. Specifically, firstly, selecting a sandstone core and a mudstone core from a stratum where the rock interbedding to be analyzed is located currently, and carrying out a rock mechanics experiment by utilizing the selected cores. And then, according to rock mechanics experiments, respectively aiming at each sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interface in the rock interbed to be analyzed, acquiring corresponding Young modulus data, poisson ratio data and tensile strength data, and further respectively taking the average Young modulus, poisson ratio and tensile strength of the interfaces of the sandstone, the mudstone and the sand-mud as rock mechanics parameters of the interfaces of the sandstone, the mudstone and the sand-mud of the rock interbed to be analyzed at present.
In an embodiment of the present application, the rock mechanics parameters include a first type of parameters and a second type of parameters. Specifically, a triaxial rock mechanics experimental method is adopted to obtain a first type of parameters in rock mechanics parameters, wherein the first type of parameters comprise Young modulus and Poisson ratio of mudstone, young modulus and Poisson ratio of sandstone, and Young modulus and Poisson ratio of a sand-mud interface. And obtaining a second type of parameters in the rock mechanical parameters by adopting a tensile strength experiment method, wherein the second type of parameters comprise the tensile strength of mudstone, the tensile strength of sandstone and the tensile strength of a sand-mud interface.
In the process of collecting sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interaction layer to be analyzed is located, a coring mode of coring in the rock interaction layer to be analyzed can be adopted. And when the coring mode is inconvenient to operate, the coring mode of coring in other interbations of the stratum where the rock interbations to be analyzed are located can also be adopted.
Next, detailed descriptions are given to the method for acquiring the first type parameters corresponding to the two different coring modes, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present application, if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a first coring layer having the same vertical depth as the rock interaction layer to be analyzed, the first type parameter of the first coring layer is used as the first type parameter of the rock interaction layer to be analyzed. Specifically, in the current stratum, the first coring layer has the same vertical depth as the current rock interaction layer to be analyzed, that is, the first coring layer is located in the current rock interaction layer to be analyzed at this time, namely: the sandstone core and the mudstone core for implementing the rock mechanics experiment are taken from sandstone layers or mudstone layers of the rock interbedding to be analyzed currently. In this way, the first type parameters obtained by using the sandstone core and the mudstone core of the first coring layer can be used as the first type parameters of the current rock interbedding to be analyzed.
In another embodiment of the present application, if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a second coring layer having a different vertical depth from the interbedded rock to be analyzed. That is, in the current stratum, the second coring layer is different from the pendulous depth of the rock interaction layer to be analyzed, and at this time, the second coring layer is no longer in the rock interaction layer to be analyzed, but is located in other interaction layers of the current stratum, namely: the sandstone core and the mudstone core for carrying out the rock mechanics experiment are taken from sandstone layers or mudstone layers of other interbeds. In this way, the corresponding first type parameters obtained by the sandstone core and the mudstone core of the second coring layer are needed first, and then the formation confining pressure of the second coring layer is obtained through calculation by using logging data. Next, for the second coring layer, fitting each sub-parameter (young modulus of mudstone, poisson ratio of mudstone, young modulus of sandstone, poisson ratio of sandstone, young modulus of sand-mud interface and poisson ratio of sand-mud interface) in the first type parameter with the formation confining pressure corresponding to the second coring layer to obtain a fitting relation shown in fig. 3 (fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of fitting relation of relevant parameters in the method for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of the sand-mudstone interbed crack in the embodiment of the present application). Further, based on the fitting relation, fitting coefficients between the corresponding sub-parameters of the first type of parameters and the formation confining pressure are obtained for the second coring layer. And finally, obtaining the stratum confining pressure of the current rock interbody to be analyzed by calculation by using logging data, and combining the stratum confining pressure of the current rock interbody to be analyzed with the fitting coefficient of the second coring layer, so that the first type parameters of the current rock interbody to be analyzed are obtained by calculation.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the method for acquiring the second type parameter of the rock interbody to be analyzed is similar to the method for acquiring the first type parameter, so that a detailed description is omitted here.
Further, after rock mechanical parameters (first type parameters and second type parameters) of the rock interbedding to be analyzed at present are obtained, the ratio of the tensile strength of the mudstone to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the tensile strength of the sand-mud interface to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the Young modulus of the mudstone to the Young modulus of the sandstone and the ratio of the Young modulus of the sand-mud interface to the Young modulus of the sandstone are calculated respectively. And then, according to the calculation results of the ratios, acquiring the interface strength of the current sand-shale interbedded.
Further, when the interface strength of the current sand-shale interbed is calculated, comparing the calculation results of the ratios, extracting the minimum ratio data, and taking the extracted minimum ratio data as the interface strength of the current sand-shale interbed.
In step S130, according to the longitudinal model of the sand-shale inter-layer, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength, the longitudinal layer penetrating crack of the rock to be analyzed is simulated in combination with the related parameters affecting the longitudinal layer penetrating characteristics of the sand-shale inter-layer crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal layer penetrating capability of the sand-shale inter-layer crack. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, parameters (the rock mechanical parameters and the sand-shale inter-layer interface strength obtained in step S120) belonging to the characteristics of the rock inter-layers to be analyzed are used, and related parameters affecting the longitudinal layer penetration characteristics (such as the crack track, the crack morphology, the crack depth, etc.) of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks are combined, in the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model established in step S110, a simulated longitudinal crack penetrating through the rock inter-layers to be analyzed is formed, so that the longitudinal layer penetration effect of the cracks of the rock inter-layers to be analyzed is intuitively reflected by using the simulated longitudinal crack in the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model, and the longitudinal layer penetration capability of the cracks of the rock inter-layers to be analyzed is evaluated.
In the actual construction process, related parameters affecting the longitudinal layer penetrating characteristics of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks comprise a ground stress parameter, a stratum physical property parameter and a construction parameter. Accordingly, the characteristic information (stress field characteristics, matrix seepage characteristics and flow characteristics of fracturing fluid in the longitudinal crack joint) which can influence the formation effect of the longitudinal through-layer crack is integrated into the physical model of the rock interbedded to be analyzed, so that the current physical model can accurately simulate the characteristics of the form, track and the like of the longitudinal through-layer crack, and the through-layer capability of the longitudinal crack can be accurately evaluated.
Next, the acquisition of the characteristic information that can affect the formation effect of the longitudinal through layer crack in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail. Specifically, a first longitudinal crack propagation model for representing a sandstone or mudstone stress field in the rock interbed to be analyzed is established by using the ground stress parameters so as to combine the sandstone or mudstone stress field of the rock interbed to be analyzed with the longitudinal model of the mudstone interbed, thereby obtaining the longitudinal model of the mudstone interbed taking the stress field into consideration. And establishing a second longitudinal crack propagation model for representing the seepage of the sandstone or mudstone matrix in the rock interbed to be analyzed by utilizing the porosity and the permeability in the stratum physical parameters so as to combine the seepage state of the sandstone or mudstone matrix in the rock interbed to be analyzed with the longitudinal model of the sandstone or mudstone interbed, thereby obtaining the longitudinal model of the sandstone or mudstone interbed taking the seepage state of the sandstone or mudstone matrix into consideration. And establishing a third longitudinal crack expansion model for representing the flow characteristics of the longitudinal crack in the rock interbedded by using the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, the construction displacement and the construction fluid in the construction parameters so as to combine the flow state of the fracturing fluid in the longitudinal crack in the rock interbedded to be analyzed with the longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded, thereby obtaining the longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded taking the flow state of the fracturing fluid in the crack into consideration. Accordingly, the longitudinal perforation cracks of the current sand-shale interbed to be analyzed are simulated by using the sand-shale interbed longitudinal models corresponding to the longitudinal crack expansion models, the number of interfaces of the longitudinal cracks, which are crossed in the sand-shale interbed longitudinal model corresponding to each longitudinal crack expansion model, is recorded, the perforation results corresponding to each longitudinal crack expansion model are integrated, and finally the crack longitudinal perforation effect of the rock interbed to be analyzed is evaluated according to the number of the crossed interfaces, and referring to fig. 4 (fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the crack longitudinal perforation effect of the method for evaluating the longitudinal perforation capability of the sand-shale interbed cracks in the embodiment of the application).
In the embodiment of the application, the first longitudinal crack propagation model is established by using the following expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, σ x Representing the normal stress, sigma, of sandstone or mudstone in the x-direction z Representing the normal stress of sandstone or mudstone in the z direction, τ zx Representing shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in xz direction, τ zx Representing the shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in zx direction, B x Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, B z Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, a x Representing acceleration of sandstone or mudstone in x-direction, a z Representing acceleration of the sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, ρ represents the density of the sandstone or mudstone.
In the embodiment of the application, the second longitudinal crack propagation model is established by using the following expression:
wherein v is x Represents the matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, v z Represents matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in z direction, q represents perforation point injection flow, phi represents the ratio of pore volume of sandstone or mudstone to the corresponding volume of sandstone or mudstone, k represents matrix permeability of sandstone or mudstone, mu represents fracturing fluid viscosity, H represents sagging depth of sandstone or mudstone, g represents gravityAcceleration, t, represents matrix percolation time and p represents fluid pressure in the fracture.
In the embodiment of the application, the third longitudinal crack propagation model is established by using the following expression:
wherein v is Fx Represents the flow velocity in the longitudinal slit in the x direction, v Fz Represents the flow rate in the longitudinal slit in the z direction, phi F The ratio of the fracture volume to the volume of sandstone or mudstone is expressed, w is the fracture width, n is the indicator function, and t is the matrix seepage time.
In the third longitudinal fracture propagation model, n=1 when the direction of the flow of the fracturing fluid in the fracture is perpendicular to the normal direction of the fracture.
Based on the method for evaluating the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks, the embodiment of the invention also provides a system for evaluating the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks (hereinafter referred to as a layering capability evaluation system). Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 5, the system for evaluating the penetrating ability in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a model building module 51, a parameter calculation module 52 and a layering ability evaluation module 53. Specifically, the model building module 51 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S110, and is configured to obtain thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone located at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and minimum horizontal principal stress according to the profile characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is located and in combination with logging data, and based on the thicknesses, build a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed; the parameter calculation module 52 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S120, and is configured to implement a rock mechanical experiment on the sandstone core and the mudstone core of the stratum where the rock interaction layer is to be analyzed, obtain corresponding rock mechanical parameters, and calculate the interface strength of the current sandstone-mudstone interaction layer according to the rock mechanical parameters; the layer penetration capability evaluation module 53 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S130, and is configured to simulate the longitudinal layer penetration crack of the rock to be analyzed according to the longitudinal model of the sand-shale inter-layer, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength, and the related parameters affecting the longitudinal layer penetration characteristics of the sand-shale inter-layer crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal layer penetration capability of the sand-shale inter-layer crack.
Example two
In one embodiment of the present application, a detailed description will be given of an example of the sand-mud rock interbedded layer of the whisker river group.
From the geologic profile and log data, the thickness and minimum horizontal principal stress of the sand shale of the Y well of the beard river bank was determined as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 thickness and minimum horizontal principal stress of sandstone for Y-well of the group of Wenya rivers
| Lithology of interbedded | Thickness m | Minimum horizontal principal stress MPa |
| Sandstone | 7.5 | 55 |
| Mudstone | 5 | 60 |
| Sandstone | 5 | 55 |
| Mudstone | 5 | 60 |
| Sandstone | 5 | 55 |
| Mudstone | 5 | 60 |
| Sandstone | 5 | 55 |
| Mudstone | 5 | 60 |
| Sandstone | 7.5 | 55 |
In the embodiment of the application, according to the thickness of the sand shale, the perforation design scheme and the engineering target, the longitudinal dimension of the sand shale inter-layer longitudinal model is comprehensively determined to be 50m, and the transverse dimension is comprehensively determined to be 30m. Based on this, a sand-shale interbedded longitudinal model as shown in fig. 2 was established.
And then, collecting sandstone cores and mudstone cores in the X-well of the river group of the beard family, and carrying out triaxial rock mechanics experiments to obtain rock mechanics parameters of sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interfaces of the core layer of the X-well. Next, using the log data, the formation confining pressure of the coring layer of the X-well is calculated. And then, respectively fitting rock mechanical parameters of the sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interfaces with the formation confining pressure to obtain fitted curves of Young modulus and the formation confining pressure and Poisson ratio and the formation confining pressure of the sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interfaces as shown in figure 3.
The development horizon of the Y well of the whisker river set (the rock interbedded to be analyzed currently) is different from the vertical depth of the coring horizon of the X well and the vertical depth difference is large. And calculating to obtain the formation confining pressure of the development horizon (the current rock interbedding to be analyzed) of the Y well as 30MPa, substituting the formation confining pressure of the development horizon of the Y well into a fitting curve to obtain the Young modulus of sandstone of the development horizon of the Y well as 37.2GPa, the Poisson ratio as 0.25, the Young modulus of mudstone as 32.9GPa, the Poisson ratio as 0.23, the Young modulus of a sand-mud interface as 33.6GPa and the Poisson ratio as 0.21. And then, adopting a tensile strength experiment to obtain that the tensile strength of sandstone at the core layer of the X well is 9MPa, the tensile strength of mudstone is 7MPa, and the tensile strength of a sand-mud interface is 7MPa. Since the coring layer of the X-well and the development layer (the rock interbedded to be analyzed currently) of the Y-well are located in the same stratum, the tensile strength of the sandstone, mudstone and sand interface of the development layer of the Y-well is consistent with that of the X-well.
And after the ratio of the tensile strength of the mudstone to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the tensile strength of the sand-mud interface to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the Young modulus of the mudstone to the Young modulus of the sandstone and the ratio of the Young modulus of the sand-mud interface to the Young modulus of the sandstone are respectively calculated, obtaining the interface strength of the sand-mud interbed of the Y well as 0.78.
In the embodiment of the application, the formation porosity is 5%, the formation permeability is 0.2mD, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 3 mPa.s, and the construction discharge capacity is 10m 3 Per minute, the construction liquid amount is 1000m 3 . Based on the data, a crack longitudinal delamination result as shown in fig. 4 was obtained. At this time, the sand-shale interbedded fracture of the Y well longitudinally crosses at least 2 interfaces and at most 3 interfaces.
The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating longitudinal layer penetrating capability of a sand shale interbedded crack. Firstly, establishing a physical model of the rock interbed to be analyzed according to the thickness of the sandy rock of the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal main stress; then, utilizing the ground stress parameter, the stratum physical property parameter and the construction parameter to establish a plurality of longitudinal crack extension models related to the rock interbedding to be analyzed; then, utilizing each longitudinal crack extension model to obtain characteristic information (stress field characteristics, matrix seepage characteristics and flow characteristics of fracturing fluid in the longitudinal crack) which can influence the formation effect of the longitudinal through-layer crack, and further obtaining a physical model of the rock interbed to be analyzed by taking the characteristic information into consideration; and finally, combining the current physical model with rock mechanical parameters of sandstone, mudstone and sand-mud interfaces of the rock interbedded to be analyzed and interface strength of the sand-mud rock interbedded obtained according to the rock mechanical parameters to simulate the characteristics of the form, the track and the like of the longitudinal through-layer crack. Therefore, the method evaluates the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks to be analyzed according to the visual longitudinal layering effect of the sand-shale inter-layer cracks, and accordingly accurate and reliable evaluation results are obtained. Meanwhile, the method provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the sand-mud rock interbed vertical well layering development of the river group of the beard family.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the invention described above may be implemented in a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device, or distributed over a network of computing devices, or they may alternatively be implemented in program code executable by computing devices, such that they may be stored in a memory device and executed by computing devices, or they may be separately fabricated as individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps within them may be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture, comprising:
according to the profile characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is located, combining logging data to obtain the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal principal stress, and based on the thicknesses, establishing a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed;
carrying out rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbeds to be analyzed are located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters, and calculating the interface strength of the current sandstone-mudstone interbeds according to the rock mechanics parameters;
and simulating the longitudinal through-layer crack of the rock to be analyzed according to the longitudinal model of the sand-shale interbedded, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength and in combination with related parameters affecting the longitudinal through-layer characteristics of the sand-shale interbedded crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal through-layer capability of the sand-shale interbedded crack.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbedded to be analyzed is located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters comprises:
obtaining a first type of parameters in the rock mechanical parameters by adopting a triaxial rock mechanical experiment method, wherein the first type of parameters comprise Young modulus and Poisson ratio of mudstone, young modulus and Poisson ratio of sandstone and Young modulus and Poisson ratio of a sand-mud interface;
and obtaining a second type of parameters in the rock mechanical parameters by adopting a tensile strength experiment method, wherein the second type of parameters comprise the tensile strength of mudstone, the tensile strength of sandstone and the tensile strength of a sand-mud interface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining a first type of the rock mechanical parameters using a triaxial rock mechanical test method comprises:
if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a first coring layer with the same vertical depth as the rock interbedding to be analyzed, taking the first type parameters of the first coring layer as the first type parameters of the rock interbedding to be analyzed;
and if the sandstone core and the mudstone core both belong to a second coring layer with different vertical depths from the rock interbed to be analyzed, respectively acquiring stratum confining pressures of the rock interbed to be analyzed and the second coring layer, fitting the first type parameters with the stratum confining pressures to obtain fitting coefficients between each sub-parameter in the first type parameters of the second coring layer and the stratum confining pressures, and calculating the first type parameters of the rock interbed to be analyzed by combining the stratum confining pressures of the rock interbed to be analyzed based on the fitting coefficients.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in the step of calculating the interface strength of the current sand-shale interbedded according to the rock mechanics parameters, it comprises:
and respectively calculating the ratio of the tensile strength of the mudstone to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the tensile strength of the sand-mud interface to the tensile strength of the sandstone, the ratio of the Young modulus of the mudstone to the Young modulus of the sandstone, and the ratio of the Young modulus of the sand-mud interface to the Young modulus of the sandstone, and taking the minimum ratio data as the interface strength of the current sand-mud interbed.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the relevant parameters include a ground stress parameter, a formation property parameter and a construction parameter, and wherein in the step of simulating the longitudinal through-layer fracture of the rock interbedded to be analyzed in combination with the relevant parameters affecting the longitudinal through-layer characteristics of the rock interbedded fracture, the method comprises:
establishing a first longitudinal crack propagation model for representing a sandstone or mudstone stress field in the rock interbed to be analyzed by utilizing the ground stress parameters;
establishing a second longitudinal crack propagation model for representing the seepage of sandstone or mudstone matrix in the rock interbedding to be analyzed by utilizing the stratum physical parameters;
and establishing a third longitudinal crack propagation model for representing the flow characteristics of the longitudinal cracks in the rock interbedding to be analyzed by using the construction parameters.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first longitudinal fracture propagation model is established using the expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, σ x Representing the normal stress, sigma, of sandstone or mudstone in the x-direction z Representing the normal stress of sandstone or mudstone in the z direction, τ xz Representing shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in xz direction, τ zx Representing the shear stress of sandstone or mudstone in zx direction, B x Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, B z Representing the rock strength of sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, a x Representing acceleration of sandstone or mudstone in x-direction, a z Representing acceleration of the sandstone or mudstone in the z-direction, ρ represents the density of the sandstone or mudstone.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the second longitudinal crack propagation model is established using the expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, v x Represents the matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in the x direction, v z The matrix seepage velocity of sandstone or mudstone in the z direction is represented by q, the perforation point injection flow rate is represented by phi, the ratio of the pore volume of the sandstone or mudstone to the volume of the corresponding sandstone or mudstone is represented by k, the matrix permeability of the sandstone or mudstone is represented by mu, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is represented by H, the sagging depth of the sandstone or mudstone is represented by g, the gravity acceleration is represented by t, the matrix seepage time is represented by ρ, the density of the sandstone or mudstone is represented by p, and the fluid pressure in the fracture is represented by p.
8. The method of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the third longitudinal crack propagation model is established using the expression:
wherein x represents the crack propagation depth, z represents the crack propagation height, v Fx The flow rate in the longitudinal crack in the x direction is represented by q, the injection flow rate of the perforation point is represented by v Fz Represents the flow rate in the longitudinal slit in the z direction, phi F The ratio of the volume of the crack to the volume of the sandstone or mudstone is represented by w, the width of the crack is represented by n, mu is an indication function, mu is the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, H is the vertical depth of the sandstone or mudstone, g is the acceleration of gravity, t is the matrix seepage time, ρ is the density of the sandstone or mudstone, and p is the fluid pressure in the crack.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of creating a sand-mudstone interbedded longitudinal model, comprising:
setting the direction of the minimum horizontal main stress as the transverse direction of the longitudinal model, and taking a perforation point as a center and extending equidistantly along the transverse direction to determine the transverse dimension of the longitudinal model;
setting the direction of the vertical stress of the rock interbedding to be analyzed as the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal model, and determining the longitudinal dimension of the longitudinal model according to the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone of the rock interbedding to be analyzed.
10. A system for evaluating the longitudinal perforating ability of a sand-shale interbedded fracture, the system comprising the following modules:
the model building module is used for obtaining the thicknesses of sandstone and mudstone positioned at different layers in the rock interbed to be analyzed and the minimum horizontal main stress according to the section characteristics of the stratum where the rock interbed to be analyzed is positioned and the logging data, and building a longitudinal model of the sandstone and mudstone interbed based on the thicknesses;
the parameter calculation module is used for carrying out rock mechanics experiments on sandstone cores and mudstone cores of the stratum where the rock interbedded to be analyzed is located, obtaining corresponding rock mechanics parameters, and calculating the interface strength of the current sand-mudstone interbedded according to the rock mechanics parameters;
and the layering capability evaluation module is used for simulating the longitudinal layering crack of the rock to be analyzed according to the sand-shale inter-layer longitudinal model, the rock mechanical parameters and the interface strength and in combination with related parameters affecting the longitudinal layering characteristics of the sand-shale inter-layer crack, so as to evaluate the longitudinal layering capability of the sand-shale inter-layer crack.
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