CN117310258A - Vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of voltage detection, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s10: determining a voltage dividing resistance ratio through a voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage; s20: determining an MCU main control chip, and outputting a voltage signal to a POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip by a resistor voltage dividing circuit; s30: the MCU main control chip collects and converts the voltage signals to obtain corresponding digital quantity; s40: a temperature compensation acquisition circuit is introduced to correct parameter drift caused by temperature change; s50: and the components are reasonably selected, so that the measurement accuracy is improved. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: by improving the precision of the voltage dividing resistor and the voltage stabilizing source and introducing temperature compensation, the detection precision of the vehicle-mounted voltage is successfully improved, and accurate voltage detection is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of voltage detection, in particular to a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and a method thereof.
Background
In the vehicle electrical system, voltage detection is one of the important links to ensure the normal operation and safety of the vehicle. Voltage is a critical factor in determining whether a power system and various electrical devices can function properly. The voltage detection can monitor the running state of the vehicle-mounted power system in real time so as to detect and prevent possible faults. The voltage detection can help monitor the stability of the power system, timely find abnormal voltage fluctuation or overhigh voltage, and avoid damage to electrical equipment. Too high a voltage may cause the electronic components to burn out, while too low a voltage may cause the device to fail. Voltage detection can be used as a means of fault diagnosis when an automobile is in question. If the voltage is abnormal, it may be that the battery, alternator, electronic Control Unit (ECU), sensor or other electronic device malfunctions. Many automotive safety functions, such as ABS (antilock brake system), ESP (electronic stability program), etc., rely on stable operation of the electric power system. The real-time voltage monitoring can ensure the reliable operation of the systems, thereby ensuring the driving safety of drivers. Through the detection of the vehicle-mounted voltage, the battery can be prevented from being overdischarged or overcharged, so that the battery is protected and the service life of the battery is prolonged. In summary, voltage detection plays an important role in a vehicle power system, and can protect electrical equipment, ensure power supply stability, save energy and reduce emission, and perform fault diagnosis and prevention. By monitoring the voltage in time, the normal operation and the safety of the vehicle power system can be ensured.
In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of micro controller (Microcontroller Unit, abbreviated as MCU) technology, it can integrate tasks that would otherwise need various hardware devices to be completed into a small chip. The integration level not only greatly reduces the hardware cost, but also greatly improves the operation efficiency and accuracy of the system. These advantages make the MCU play an important role in various devices and systems, including voltage detection systems for automobiles. MCU acquisition technology is used to read data from external sensors or devices and convert it to digital signals for use in computing, control, and communication applications in embedded systems. The traditional voltage detection method generally adopts instruments such as a voltmeter to measure, however, the methods have the problems of low accuracy, limited measurement range, incapability of real-time monitoring and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and the method thereof successfully improve the detection precision of vehicle-mounted voltage and realize accurate voltage detection by improving the precision of a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage stabilizing source and introducing temperature compensation.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit is characterized by comprising a resistor voltage division circuit, a temperature compensation acquisition circuit, an MCU main control chip module and a reference voltage circuit;
the input end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit is connected with the voltage to be acquired, the output end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the input end of the MCU main control chip module, and the output end of the MCU main control chip module is connected with the reference voltage circuit; the voltage to be collected is divided by a resistor voltage dividing circuit, the collected voltage signal is input to the MCU main control chip module, and the collected digital quantity is converted into a corresponding digital quantity.
In the above structure, the MCU main control chip module comprises an MCU main control chip, wherein the MCU main control chip comprises a VCC pin, a POW-ADC pin, a TEMP pin, a VREF+ pin, a VREF-pin and a GND pin; the VCC pin is connected with the input ends of the resistor divider circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit to supply power to the resistor divider circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit; the POW-ADC pin is connected with the output end of the resistor divider circuit, the TEMP pin is connected with the output end of the temperature compensation acquisition circuit, the VREF+ pin and the VREF-pin are respectively connected with the output end and the input end of the reference voltage circuit, and the GND pin is grounded.
In the structure, the model of the MCU master control chip is N32G455VEL7.
In the above structure, the resistor divider circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a filter capacitor C29 and a diode D4, where the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C29 and then connected in series with the resistor R2 and the diode D4 respectively, the anode of the diode D4 is connected with the POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with the VCC pin of the MCU main control chip.
In the above structure, the temperature compensation acquisition circuit includes a thermistor R3, a resistor R4, and a filter capacitor C33; the thermistor R3 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C33 and then connected in series with the resistor R4, and the common end of the thermistor R3 and the resistor R4 is connected with the TEMP pin of the MCU main control chip.
In the above structure, the reference voltage circuit includes a zener diode ZD1, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF-pin of the MCU main control chip, the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF+ pin of the MCU main control chip, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are respectively connected with the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 in parallel.
The invention also discloses a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection method which is applied to the vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit, and the improvement is that the method comprises the following steps:
s10: determining a voltage dividing resistance ratio through a voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage;
s20: determining an MCU main control chip, and outputting a voltage signal to a POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip by a resistor voltage dividing circuit;
s30: the MCU main control chip collects and converts the voltage signals to obtain corresponding digital quantity;
s40: a temperature compensation acquisition circuit is introduced to correct parameter drift caused by temperature change;
s50: and the components are reasonably selected, so that the measurement accuracy is improved.
Further, the specific steps of the step S10 are as follows:
s101: determining a vehicle-mounted voltage range and an MCU acquisition voltage range;
s102: the voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage is used for pushing out the resistance voltage dividing ratio;
s103: and a high-precision resistor is selected to adapt to the driving capability of the MCU.
Further, the step S50 specifically includes the steps of:
s501: a voltage stabilizing source with high precision is selected to supply an MCU main control chip as a reference voltage;
s502, according to the acquisition resolution and the acquisition range of the MCU main control chip, a proper acquisition algorithm is adopted;
s503, the layout and the wiring of the PCB are reasonably designed, so that signal interference and noise are reduced, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
Further, in step S503, the ADC acquisition line is isolated from other interference sources as much as possible, and the interference possibly introduced by the via hole is avoided.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: by improving the precision of the voltage dividing resistor and the voltage stabilizing source and introducing temperature compensation, the detection precision of the vehicle-mounted voltage is successfully improved, and accurate voltage detection is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, all the coupling/connection relationships referred to in the patent are not direct connection of the single-finger members, but rather, it means that a better coupling structure can be formed by adding or subtracting coupling aids depending on the specific implementation. The technical features in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of no contradiction and conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit, which comprises a resistor voltage division circuit 10, a temperature compensation acquisition circuit, an MCU main control chip module 30 and a reference voltage circuit 40;
the input end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit 10 is connected with the voltage to be acquired, the output end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit 10 and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the input end of the MCU main control chip module 30, and the output end of the MCU main control chip module 30 is connected with the reference voltage circuit 40; the voltage to be collected is divided by the resistor divider circuit 10, the collected voltage signal is input to the MCU main control chip module 30, and the collected digital quantity is converted into a corresponding digital quantity.
Further, the MCU master control chip module 30 includes an MCU master control chip including a VCC pin, a POW-ADC pin, a TEMP pin, a VREF+ pin, a VREF-pin and a GND pin; the VCC pin is connected with the input ends of the resistor divider circuit 10 and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit 20 to supply power to the resistor divider circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit; the POW-ADC pin is connected to the output of the resistor divider circuit 10, the TEMP pin is connected to the output of the temperature compensation acquisition circuit 20, the vref+ pin and the VREF-pin are respectively connected to the output and input of the reference voltage circuit 40, and the GND pin is grounded.
In this embodiment, the model of the MCU master control chip is N32G455VEL7. The N32G455 series microcontroller product adopts a high-performance 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F kernel, integrates a floating point arithmetic unit (FPU) and Digital Signal Processing (DSP), and supports parallel computing instructions. The highest working main frequency is 144MHz, the integrated Flash is stored in an encrypted manner up to 512KB, multi-user partition management is supported, the maximum SRAM is 144KB, and FLASH and SRAM can be expanded through an XFMC interface. An internal high-speed AHB bus, two low-speed peripheral clock buses APB and a bus matrix are built in, at most 80 general I/Os are supported, a rich high-performance analog interface is provided, the high-performance analog interface comprises 4 12-bit 5Msps ADC, at most 40 external input channels, 2 1Msps 12-bit DAC, 4 independent rail-to-rail operational amplifiers, at most 7 high-speed comparators and at most 24-channel capacitive touch key input are supported, meanwhile, various digital communication interfaces are provided, and the high-performance analog interface comprises 7U (S) ARTs, 4I 2C, 3 SPIs, 2I 2S, 1 QSPI, 1 USB 2.0 devices, 2 CAN 2.0B and 1 SDIO communication interfaces, and a built-in cryptographic algorithm hardware acceleration engine is supported. The N32G455 series products can stably work in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +105 ℃, the power supply voltage is 1.8V to 3.6V, multiple power consumption modes are provided for users to select, and the requirements of low-power consumption application are met. The family provides 4 different packages, including from 48 pins to 100 pins, with different configurations of peripherals in the device depending on the different packages. The abundant peripheral configuration makes the N32G455 series micro-controller suitable for advanced motor control application scenes such as industrial control, air conditioner compressor control, unmanned aerial vehicle, cradle head, industrial and consumer robots, and scenes such as UPS, solar inverter, digital power supply, and the like which need high-efficiency operation capability of the controller and integrate abundant analog characteristics.
Further, the resistor divider circuit 10 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a filter capacitor C29 and a diode D4, where the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C29 and then connected in series with the resistor R2 and the diode D4 respectively, the positive electrode of the diode D4 is connected with the POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip, and the negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected with the VCC pin of the MCU main control chip. The temperature compensation acquisition circuit comprises a thermistor R3, a resistor R4 and a filter capacitor C33; the thermistor R3 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C33 and then connected in series with the resistor R4, and the common end of the thermistor R3 and the resistor R4 is connected with the TEMP pin of the MCU main control chip. In this embodiment, since R3 is a 47K thermistor, its resistance varies with the change of the external temperature, and the MCU main control chip can calculate the temperature of the environment approximately by the collection of the ADC. The performance of electronic devices is often affected by ambient temperature, which is particularly important for voltage detection systems. The thermistor can be used for measuring and monitoring the temperature of the circuit so as to realize temperature compensation and ensure the accuracy of voltage detection. Compared with other temperature sensors, the thermistor has small volume, low cost and easy installation, so that the space and cost of the vehicle-mounted voltage detection system can be saved.
Still further, the reference voltage circuit 40 includes a zener diode ZD1, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF-pin of the MCU main control chip, the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF+ pin of the MCU main control chip, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are respectively connected with the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 in parallel. In this embodiment, the zener diode uses LM4040B301DBZR to fix the output voltage 3V with a precision of ±0.2% to improve the measurement precision.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention also discloses a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection method, which is applied to a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit, and the improvement is that the method comprises the following steps:
s10: determining a voltage dividing resistance ratio through a voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage;
the step S10 specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: determining a vehicle-mounted voltage range and an MCU acquisition voltage range;
s102: the voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage is used for pushing out the resistance voltage dividing ratio;
s103: and a high-precision resistor is selected to adapt to the driving capability of the MCU.
S20: determining an MCU main control chip, and outputting a voltage signal to a POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip by a resistor voltage dividing circuit 10;
s30: the MCU main control chip collects and converts the voltage signals to obtain corresponding digital quantity;
s40: a temperature compensation acquisition circuit is introduced to correct parameter drift caused by temperature change;
s50: and the components are reasonably selected, so that the measurement accuracy is improved.
Compared with the traditional vehicle-mounted voltage detection, the method adopts the voltmeter and other instruments to measure, but the method has the problems of low accuracy, limited measurement range, incapability of real-time monitoring and the like. The voltage can be monitored in real time rather than providing only a momentary voltage reading as in conventional voltmeters. This means that MCU main control chip can track the change of voltage in real time to the on-vehicle electrical system of better protection. Although the initial cost of the MCU main control chip may be higher than that of the conventional voltmeter, due to the high integration and automation thereof, the maintenance cost can be reduced and the stability of the system can be improved, and in the long term, the voltage detection method based on the MCU main control chip may be more economical.
Further, the common vehicle-mounted voltage range is 9-30V, the acquisition voltage range of the MCU main control chip is 0-3.3V, and the voltage division ratio of the resistor can be deduced according to the voltage ratio of the two is 1:10, and considering power consumption and MCU driving capability, the voltage dividing resistor respectively selects high-precision resistors of 10K 0.1% and 100K 0.1%. In view of stability and anti-interference capability of the circuit, a capacitive filter C29 and a diode D4 are added to ensure accuracy of voltage conversion.
Furthermore, since the MCU power supply selects LN1134a332 (linear regulator LDO), its accuracy is 2%, if LDO power is directly used as the reference voltage, the calculated result will deviate greatly. Therefore, a voltage stabilizing source with high precision is selected to supply MCU as a reference voltage so as to improve the measurement precision.
The step S50 specifically comprises the following steps:
s501: a voltage stabilizing source with high precision is selected to supply an MCU main control chip as a reference voltage;
s502, according to the acquisition resolution and the acquisition range of the MCU main control chip, a proper acquisition algorithm is adopted;
s503, the layout and the wiring of the PCB are reasonably designed, so that signal interference and noise are reduced, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
Wherein, rationally plan PCB overall arrangement and wiring, reduce signal interference and noise, improve the anti-thousand interference ability of circuit. Because the signals collected by the ADC are analog signals, the signals are as short as possible when the PCB is wired, meanwhile, the package processing is needed, and the use of through holes is reduced as much as possible when the wires are wired. And designing a proper acquisition algorithm according to the acquisition resolution and the acquisition range of the MCU. The acquired digital quantity is converted into an actual voltage value through calculation and calibration, so that high-precision measurement is realized. Looking at the MCU (N32G 455VEL 7) specification, it is known that: ADC conversion time tcon=sample time+12.5 cycles; with SAMPSEL bit 0, the sampling time is configured to 13.5 cycles; the system clock is set to 24M, and the AHB CLK is configured to divide frequency by 16; the MCU acquisition period T= (13.5+12.5)/(24/16) M is approximately 17.33us, and the acquisition frequency f=1/T is approximately 57.7ms. Using a weighted filtering algorithm, the ADC collects 32 values into a group, each group is removed from a maximum value, and the average is carried out after the minimum value is obtained, and the obtained value is multiplied by 11 to obtain a calculated voltage value.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit is characterized by comprising a resistor voltage division circuit, a temperature compensation acquisition circuit, an MCU main control chip module and a reference voltage circuit;
the input end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit is connected with the voltage to be acquired, the output end of the resistor voltage dividing circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the input end of the MCU main control chip module, and the output end of the MCU main control chip module is connected with the reference voltage circuit; the voltage to be collected is divided by a resistor voltage dividing circuit, the collected voltage signal is input to the MCU main control chip module, and the collected digital quantity is converted into a corresponding digital quantity.
2. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the MCU main control chip module comprises an MCU main control chip, and the MCU main control chip comprises a VCC pin, a POW-ADC pin, a TEMP pin, a VREF+ pin, a VREF-pin and a GND pin; the VCC pin is connected with the input ends of the resistor divider circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit to supply power to the resistor divider circuit and the temperature compensation acquisition circuit; the POW-ADC pin is connected with the output end of the resistor divider circuit, the TEMP pin is connected with the output end of the temperature compensation acquisition circuit, the VREF+ pin and the VREF-pin are respectively connected with the output end and the input end of the reference voltage circuit, and the GND pin is grounded.
3. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the MCU master control chip is of the type N32G455VEL7.
4. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the resistor divider circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a filter capacitor C29 and a diode D4, the resistor R1 and the filter capacitor C29 are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the resistor R2 and the diode D4 respectively, the positive electrode of the diode D4 is connected with a POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip, and the negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected with a VCC pin of the MCU main control chip.
5. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the temperature compensation acquisition circuit comprises a thermistor R3, a resistor R4 and a filter capacitor C33; the thermistor R3 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C33 and then connected in series with the resistor R4, and the common end of the thermistor R3 and the resistor R4 is connected with the TEMP pin of the MCU main control chip.
6. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage circuit comprises a zener diode ZD1, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF-pin of the MCU main control chip, the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is electrically connected with the VREF+ pin of the MCU main control chip, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are respectively connected with the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 in parallel.
7. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection method is applied to a vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10: determining a voltage dividing resistance ratio through a voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage;
s20: determining the model of the MCU main control chip, and outputting a voltage signal to a POW-ADC pin of the MCU main control chip by a resistor voltage dividing circuit;
s30: the MCU main control chip collects and converts the voltage signals to obtain corresponding digital quantity;
s40: a temperature compensation acquisition circuit is introduced to correct parameter drift caused by temperature change;
s50: and the components are reasonably selected, so that the measurement accuracy is improved.
8. The method for detecting the vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage according to claim 7, wherein the step S10 specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: determining a vehicle-mounted voltage range and an MCU acquisition voltage range;
s102: the voltage ratio of the vehicle-mounted voltage and the MCU acquisition voltage is used for pushing out the resistance voltage dividing ratio;
s103: and a high-precision resistor is selected to adapt to the driving capability of the MCU.
9. The method for detecting the vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage according to claim 7, wherein the step S50 specifically comprises the following steps:
s501: a voltage stabilizing source with high precision is selected to supply an MCU main control chip as a reference voltage;
s502, according to the acquisition resolution and the acquisition range of the MCU main control chip, a proper acquisition algorithm is adopted;
s503, the layout and the wiring of the PCB are reasonably designed, so that signal interference and noise are reduced, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
10. The vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit according to claim 9, wherein in step S503, the ADC acquisition line is isolated from other interference sources as much as possible, and interference possibly caused by via holes is avoided.
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| CN202311354041.6A CN117310258A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and method thereof |
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| CN202311354041.6A CN117310258A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Vehicle-mounted high-precision voltage detection circuit and method thereof |
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