CN117309979A - Mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition - Google Patents
Mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000120622 Rhizophoraceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003793 Rhizophora mangle Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005422 algal bloom Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003933 environmental pollution control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002307 isotope ratio mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001546 stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition, which comprises the following steps: culturing mangrove plants in a laboratory to ensure that the isotope start values of the plants are consistent; putting a net cage in a series of mangrove forests with nitrogen concentration gradients, and planting mangrove plants into the net cage; the mangrove plant grows in the net cage for at least one month to ensure that the mangrove plant carries out isotope fusion; collecting mangrove plant samples for a plurality of times in a net cage, drying the mangrove plant samples, grinding the mangrove plant samples into powder, and preparing the powder into aluminum-tin capsules; delta analysis of aluminium tin capsules using stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) 15 N isotope ratio; according to the delta 15 Drawing a space change graph, a time change graph and a hot spot graph according to the N isotope ratio; delta from mangrove plants 15 The difference in the ratio of the N isotopes determines the source of nitrogen pollution. The method of the invention can accurately judge the nitrogen pollution source of mangrove forest and provide direction for environmental treatment and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of environmental pollution control, in particular to a mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition.
Background
In recent years, the emission of nitrogen severely damages the aquatic ecosystem, the living, growing and reproducing capacity of organisms are damaged by excessive nitrogen load, and simultaneously, countless chain reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration, death of a large amount of fishes, increase of toxic algal bloom and turbidity are generated on the functions of the ecosystem by eutrophication caused by the increase of the nitrogen load. In some cases, foreign species invasion is also promoted. Therefore, judging the pollution source of nitrogen is an important basis for making environmental treatment schemes.
The current analysis method for the nitrogen pollution sources mainly monitors the total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate content in the water body, and comprises the following general steps: 1. and (3) water sample collection: and collecting a water body sample in the studied mangrove ecological system. 2. Sample detection: and detecting and analyzing the water body sample. 3. Data analysis: and synthesizing the obtained sample data to judge the nitrogen pollution degree. However, the method is extremely easy to be influenced by the surrounding environment, such as rainfall, sewage discharge, sea water flood and the like, which can lead to inaccurate data of the measured water body samples, and the obtained data has large error. Meanwhile, the method can only reflect the nitrogen pollution condition of the current water sample collection time, can not reflect the mangrove nitrogen pollution condition in the past period, lacks scientificity, and can not provide accurate data for environmental treatment as a basis, so that a new method is needed to make up for the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition, so as to solve the technical problems that data are unstable due to environmental influence in the related technology, nitrogen pollution data in short time can only be provided, the nitrogen pollution condition of the mangrove in the past period cannot be reflected, and the science is lacking.
According to an embodiment of the application, a mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition is provided, which comprises the following steps:
culturing mangrove plants in a laboratory to ensure that the isotope start values of the plants are consistent;
putting a net cage in a series of mangrove forests with nitrogen concentration gradients, and planting mangrove plants into the net cage;
the mangrove plant grows in the net cage for at least one month to ensure that the mangrove plant carries out isotope fusion;
collecting mangrove plant samples for a plurality of times in a net cage, drying the mangrove plant samples, grinding the mangrove plant samples into powder, and preparing the powder into aluminum-tin capsules;
delta analysis of aluminium tin capsules using stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) 15 N isotope ratio;
according to the delta 15 Drawing a space change graph, a time change graph and a hot spot graph according to the N isotope ratio;
delta from mangrove plants 15 The difference of the N isotope ratios determines the source of nitrogen pollution; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the ratio of N isotope is > +10.00 per mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is town domestic sewage; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is-2 to +2 mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is agricultural synthetic fertilizer; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is +2%o to +10%o, the natural ecological environment which is not affected by human activities, industry and agricultural production is explained.
Preferably, the laboratory is incubated for 30-40 days.
Preferably, the cage is collected multiple times per month at a frequency of 1-2 times per month for one year.
Preferably, each sampling period is after a ebb tide, i.e. a low tide level moment.
Preferably, 10.0-15.0mg of the mangrove plant sample is collected from the cage at a time.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 50-55 ℃ and the drying time is 40-48 hours.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can comprise the following beneficial effects:
the analysis method for measuring the mangrove nitrogen pollution sources through the stable nitrogen isotope can accurately judge the mangrove nitrogen pollution sources, and can provide directions for environmental treatment and environmental protection. Some of the deficiencies of the prior art are susceptible to ambient conditions, reflect only short term pollution conditions, and are subject to large errors. The method of the invention can solve the defects of the traditional method by measuring the nitrogen stable isotope of the mangrove plant, because the nitrogen stable isotope is very stable, and meanwhile, the fusion of the mangrove plant and the isotope takes a certain time. Therefore, the data measured by the mangrove plant is stable and reliable, and the nitrogen pollution condition of the mangrove forest can be described on a longer time scale, so that an environment manager can accurately judge the nitrogen pollution source.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of mangrove nitrogen pollution source resolution based on stable nitrogen isotope composition, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a photograph showing a mangrove plant cultivated in a laboratory according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a drawn spatial variation diagram, shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a time-varying graph, shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for resolving a source of mangrove nitrogen pollution based on a stable nitrogen isotope composition, as shown in FIG. 1, according to one exemplary embodiment, the method may include the steps of:
s1: culturing mangrove plants in a laboratory to ensure that the isotope start values of the plants are consistent;
s2: putting a net cage in a series of mangrove forests with nitrogen concentration gradients, and planting mangrove plants into the net cage;
s3: the mangrove plant grows in the net cage for at least one month to ensure that the mangrove plant carries out isotope fusion;
s4: collecting mangrove plant samples for a plurality of times in a net cage, drying the mangrove plant samples, grinding the mangrove plant samples into powder, and preparing the powder into aluminum-tin capsules;
s5: delta analysis of aluminium tin capsules using stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) 15 N isotope ratio;
s6: mapping contour plots against mangrove delta 15 N is subjected to space-time variation analysis, and ArcGIS10.5 is used as a thermal map;
s7: delta from mangrove plants 15 The ratio of the N isotopes is different,determining a source of nitrogen pollution; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the ratio of N isotope is > +10.00 per mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is town domestic sewage; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is-2 to +2 mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is agricultural synthetic fertilizer; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is +2%o to +10%o, the natural ecological environment which is not affected by human activities, industry and agricultural production is explained.
According to the embodiment, the method can accurately judge the mangrove nitrogen pollution source and provide the treatment direction for the environmental manager. For example, when mangrove nitrogen pollution is derived from town sewage, the nitrogen content of the discharged water body can be reduced by upgrading the treatment equipment of the sewage treatment plant. At present, the analysis method of the mangrove nitrogen pollution source is easy to be influenced by the surrounding environment, can only reflect short-term pollution conditions and has large error, and a new method is needed to make up for the defects. The method disclosed in the application can solve the defects of the traditional method.
In a specific implementation of S1, mangrove plants are grown in the laboratory to ensure consistent isotope start values for each plant;
specifically, mangrove plants are grown in a laboratory to ensure consistent isotope start values for each mangrove plant. In the example, we planted the collected mangrove seeds in culture bags prepared in advance, and planted in the laboratory for 30-40 days (see FIG. 2).
In the implementation of S2, putting a net cage in a series of mangroves with nitrogen concentration gradients, and planting mangrove plants in the net cage;
specifically, the placement of net cages in mangroves in a range of nitrogen concentration gradient (i.e., labeled C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7) areas, such as near cities, formal and informal residential areas, agricultural irrigation areas, and natural sites unaffected by human activity, industry and agricultural production, etc., is selected to ensure the richness and scientificity of the data source. Meanwhile, the net cage is fixed on the underwater cement heavy hammer by a rope to prevent the net cage from drifting, and then the mangrove seedlings cultivated from a laboratory are planted in the net cage. Through planting mangrove plant to the box with a net in, not only can fix the mangrove plant fine in the mangrove forest area of monitoring, still make things convenient for later stage mangrove plant sample to gather.
In a specific implementation of S3, the mangrove plant grows within the cage for one month;
specifically, mangrove plants planted in the net cages are grown for at least one month to ensure that the mangrove plants have sufficient time to isotopically fuse. Meanwhile, if the mangrove plants are found to die in the growth process, the mangrove plants cultivated in a laboratory should be replaced with new mangrove plants in time. In addition, the dirt and algae adhered to the net cage need to be cleaned for 1-2 times during the growth period of the mangrove plant, so that the mangrove plant is fully contacted with the water body, and nitrogen is fully absorbed.
In the implementation of S4, collecting mangrove plant samples for a plurality of times in a net cage, drying the mangrove plant samples, grinding the mangrove plant samples into powder, and preparing the powder into aluminum-tin capsules; the method can comprise the following steps:
s41: the method can analyze the nitrogen pollution source through the stable nitrogen isotope, and can explain the nitrogen pollution condition of mangrove forest on a longer time scale. Therefore, in order to ensure that the obtained data are more accurate and scientific, the net cage needs to be subjected to multiple mangrove plant sample collection. The mangrove plant is sampled 1-2 times per month, and each sampling period is low-tide level time and is continuously sampled for one year.
S42: 10.0-15.0mg of mangrove plant samples with wet weight are collected from the net cage each time, and the samples are put into a crucible and dried for 40-48 hours at 50-55 ℃.
S43: stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) is a very precise instrument, so that dried mangrove plant samples need to be ground into powder and made into 12 x 6mm aluminum tin capsules.
In a specific implementation of S5, delta of the aluminum tin capsules are analyzed using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer 15 N isotope ratio;
specifically, the aluminum tin capsules encapsulating the mangrove plant samples were placed sequentially into a DELTAVAdvantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer and the instrument was started. After the analysis is completed, record eachDelta corresponding to sample 15 N isotope ratio.
In a specific implementation of S6, the contour plot is plotted against delta of the mangrove plant 15 N is subjected to space-time variation analysis, and ArcGIS10.5 is used as a thermal map; the method can comprise the following steps:
s61: delta obtained from DeltaVAdvantage isotope ratio Mass Spectrometry 15 N isotope ratio data, a spatial variation map and a temporal variation map are plotted (fig. 3 and 4). By plotting delta 15 N time-space change diagram can clearly show delta in each concentration gradient region of mangrove 15 Variation of N. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, delta was measured the farther from the mangrove 15 The lower the N will be, while delta within each nitrogen concentration gradient 15 The N isotope ratio does not change much with time, and the data is stable.
S62: open ArcGIS10.5 software, delta 15 The N isotope ratio data is input to the software, and a thermal map can be created. The mangrove forest area with serious pollution can be highlighted by making the heat point diagram through ArcGIS10.5, and an environment manager can carry out targeted treatment, so that the efficiency is high and the investment return is high. Wherein arcgis10.5 is the sum of a set of geographical data processing and analysis software modules, which can accurately position the sampling site of mangrove plants.
In the implementation of S7, delta according to mangrove plants 15 The difference of the N isotope ratios determines the source of nitrogen pollution;
specifically, delta of mangrove plants was measured according to a Deltavadvantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer 15 The difference in the ratio of the N isotopes determines the source of nitrogen pollution. Delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is > +10.00 mill (generally 10 mill-25 mill), the source of nitrogen pollution is town domestic sewage; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is-2 to +2 mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is agricultural synthetic fertilizer; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is +2%o to +10%o, the natural ecological environment which is not affected by human activities, industry and agricultural production is explained.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A mangrove nitrogen pollution source analysis method based on stable nitrogen isotope composition comprises the following steps:
culturing mangrove plants in a laboratory to ensure that the isotope start values of the plants are consistent;
putting a net cage in a series of mangrove forests with nitrogen concentration gradients, and planting mangrove plants into the net cage;
the mangrove plant grows in the net cage for at least one month to ensure that the mangrove plant carries out isotope fusion;
collecting mangrove plant samples for a plurality of times in a net cage, drying the mangrove plant samples, grinding the mangrove plant samples into powder, and preparing the powder into aluminum-tin capsules;
delta analysis of aluminium tin capsules using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer 15 N isotope ratio;
according to the delta 15 Drawing a space change graph, a time change graph and a hot spot graph according to the N isotope ratio;
delta from mangrove plants 15 The difference of the N isotope ratios determines the source of nitrogen pollution; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the ratio of N isotope is > +10.00 per mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is town domestic sewage; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is-2 to +2 mill, the source of nitrogen pollution is agricultural synthetic fertilizer; delta of the plant of the red tree 15 When the N isotope ratio is +2%o to +10%o, the natural ecological environment which is not affected by human activities, industry and agricultural production is explained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laboratory culture is performed for 30-40 days.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the collection of mangrove plant samples from the cage is performed at a frequency of 1-2 times per month for one year.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein each sampling period is a low tide time instant after a ebb tide.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein 10.0-15.0mg of the mangrove plant sample is collected from the cage at a time.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 50-55 ℃ and the drying time is 40-48 hours.
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