CN117308807A - 一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器 - Google Patents

一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器 Download PDF

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CN117308807A
CN117308807A CN202311467160.2A CN202311467160A CN117308807A CN 117308807 A CN117308807 A CN 117308807A CN 202311467160 A CN202311467160 A CN 202311467160A CN 117308807 A CN117308807 A CN 117308807A
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optical fiber
core optical
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coupler
light source
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CN117308807B (zh
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张丽强
朱可心
王明红
田秀莹
张帆
任世杰
姚一村
聂兆刚
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Liaocheng University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/161—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by interferometric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2441—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35329—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/3538—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，包括光源、单芯光纤、多芯光纤耦合器、多芯光纤、扇出器件、耦合器以及光谱仪；所述单芯光纤一端与光源相连，光源发出的光经单芯光纤传输；所述多芯光纤耦合器一端与多芯光纤相连，另一端与单芯光纤相连，用于将单芯光纤中传输的光耦合至多芯光纤的各个芯中；所述扇出器件一端与多芯光纤相连，将多芯光纤各个芯中的光分到不同光纤中；所述耦合器输入端与扇出器件另一端相连，将扇出器件分出的光两两耦合至一根光纤中；所述光谱仪与耦合器输出端相连，用于接收及显示干涉光谱。本发明采用上述的一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，实现矢量弯曲监测，结构紧凑，实现方便，制作过程无需复杂的设备。

Description

一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器。
背景技术
光纤传感器体积小，结构紧凑，抗干扰能力强，广泛应用于各种场合。弯曲传感器可用于监测桥梁的弯曲形变，路基沉降弯曲形变等，在基础设施工程、建筑质量监测以及智能制造等领域有重要的应用价值。常见的光纤弯曲传感器可分为光纤光栅弯曲传感器，以及基于各种干涉仪的传感器。基于光纤光栅的弯曲传感器需要在光纤芯中写入光栅，如倾斜光栅或布拉格光栅，但传统的写光栅的方法需要特殊的光源以及掩模版，用飞秒激光刻写则需要昂贵的飞秒激光加工设备。基于各种干涉仪的传感器可通过构造特殊的结构实现弯曲测量，但可实现矢量弯曲监测的未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，实现矢量弯曲监测，结构紧凑，实现方便，制作过程无需复杂的设备。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：包括光源、单芯光纤、多芯光纤耦合器、多芯光纤、扇出器件、耦合器以及光谱仪；
所述单芯光纤一端与光源相连，光源发出的光经单芯光纤传输；
所述多芯光纤耦合器一端与多芯光纤相连，另一端与单芯光纤相连，用于将单芯光纤中传输的光耦合至多芯光纤的各个芯中；
所述扇出器件的一端与多芯光纤相连，将多芯光纤各个芯中的光分到不同光纤中；
所述耦合器输入端与扇出器件另一端相连，将扇出器件分出的光两两耦合至一根光纤中；
所述光谱仪与耦合器输出端相连，用于接收及显示干涉光谱。
优选的，所述多芯光纤为弱耦合多芯光纤，光在各芯中传输时，独立传输，芯与芯之间无耦合。
优选的，所述光源为宽频光源。
优选的，所述多芯光纤为弯曲传感器件，当多芯光纤沿某一方向弯曲时，通过比较测得的光谱变化，判断弯曲的方向。
优选的，当多芯光纤沿不同防线弯曲时，各个芯的形变不同
因此，本发明采用上述一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，实现矢量弯曲监测，结构紧凑，实现方便，制作过程无需复杂的设备。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器的系统示意图；
图2是本发明一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器的基于四芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器；
图3是本发明一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器的单芯光纤截面图；
图4是本发明一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器的多模光纤截面图；
图5是本发明一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器的四芯光纤截面图。
附图标记
1、光源、2、单芯光纤；3、多模光纤；4、四芯光纤；5、扇出器件；6、耦合器；7、光谱仪。
具体实施方式
以下通过附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
如图1所示，一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其由光源、单芯光纤、多芯光纤耦合器件、多芯光纤、扇出器件、耦合器以及光谱仪构成。所述光源与单芯光纤一端接触，光源发出的光通过单芯光纤输出；所述多芯光纤耦合器件一端与单芯光纤接触，另一端与多芯光纤接触，用于将单芯光纤中传输的光耦合至多芯光纤的各个芯中；所述扇出器件与多芯光纤另一端接触，用于将多芯光纤各个芯中的光分至不同光纤中；所述耦合器用于将扇出器件分出的各光纤两两连接，耦合至一根光纤中，两路光在一根光纤中发生干涉效应，形成马赫-曾德干涉仪；所述光谱仪与耦合器连接，用于显示干涉信号。
光源发出的光由普通单芯光纤输出，单芯光纤中的光经多芯耦合器件耦合至多芯光纤的各个芯中，扇出器件将多芯光纤各个芯中传输的光分开，耦合器将分开后的光纤两两组合在一起，这两路光耦合到一根光纤中时，因各自的光程不同产生干涉现象，光谱仪探测干涉谱。该矢量弯曲传感器的传感器件为多芯光纤，弯曲多芯光纤时，各个芯受到应力的影响，机械长度及折射率发生变化，从而使得干涉谱的峰值波长发生漂移。当多芯光纤沿不同方向弯曲时，不同位置的芯受到的应力大小不同，产生的形变也不同，从而使得测得的不同芯的干涉谱峰值波长漂移量不同，比较不同耦合器输出的干涉谱峰值波长的漂移方向和大小，即可判断光纤弯曲的方向。
实施例
如图2所示，一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其由光源、单芯光纤、多模光纤、四芯光纤、扇出器件、耦合器以及光谱仪构成。所述光源与单芯光纤一端接触，光源发出的光通过单芯光纤输出；所述多模光纤为多芯光纤耦合器件；所述四芯光纤为多芯光纤；所述多模光纤一端与单芯光纤接触，另一端与四芯光纤接触，用于将单芯光纤中传输的光耦合至四芯光纤的各个芯中；所述扇出器件与四芯光纤另一端接触，用于将四芯光纤各个芯中的光分至不同光纤中；所述耦合器用于将扇出器件扇出器件分出的四根光纤中，1、3芯相连，2、4芯相连，分别耦合至一根光纤中，两路光在一根光纤中发生干涉效应，形成马赫-曾德干涉仪；所述光谱仪与耦合器连接，用于显示干涉信号。
实施例使用的单芯光纤、多模光纤以及四芯光纤的截面图，如图3、图4和图5所示。光源发出的光经单芯光纤传输，单芯光纤芯径较小，直接与四芯光纤连接很难将光分散到四个芯中，为此，在单芯光纤与四芯光纤之间熔接一端多模光纤，多模光纤芯径较大，能够覆盖四芯光纤的四个芯，很方便地将光耦合至四芯光纤的四个芯中。光在四芯光纤中传输一端距离后由扇出器件将4各芯中的光分至四根光纤中，其中1、3芯的光经一个耦合器耦合至一根光纤中，2、4芯的光经另一个耦合器耦合至另一根光纤中，由于1、3芯和2、4芯各自之间光程差不同，分别产生干涉效应，光谱仪接收及显示各干涉谱。
因此，本发明采用上述一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，实现矢量弯曲监测，结构紧凑，实现方便，制作过程无需复杂的设备。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：包括光源、单芯光纤、多芯光纤耦合器、多芯光纤、扇出器件、耦合器以及光谱仪；
所述单芯光纤一端与光源相连，光源发出的光经单芯光纤传输；
所述多芯光纤耦合器一端与多芯光纤相连，另一端与单芯光纤相连，用于将单芯光纤中传输的光耦合至多芯光纤的各个芯中；
所述扇出器件的一端与多芯光纤相连，将多芯光纤各个芯中的光分到不同光纤中；
所述耦合器输入端与扇出器件另一端相连，将扇出器件分出的光两两耦合至一根光纤中；
所述光谱仪与耦合器输出端相连，用于接收及显示干涉光谱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：所述多芯光纤为弱耦合多芯光纤，光在各芯中传输时，独立传输，芯与芯之间无耦合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：所述光源为宽频光源。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：所述多芯光纤为弯曲传感器件，当多芯光纤沿某一方向弯曲时，通过比较测得的光谱变化，判断弯曲的方向。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多芯光纤的矢量弯曲传感器，其特征在于：当多芯光纤沿不同防线弯曲时，各个芯的形变不同。
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