CN117307832A - 一种能够弯曲的多层管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能够弯曲的多层管,其包含内管(1.1)、外层(1.3)、至少两个位于所述内管(1.1)和外层(1.3)之间的增强层(1.2),并且在各个所述增强层(1.2)之间设有隔离层(1.4),其中,所述隔离层(1.4)由薄膜缠绕而成,所述薄膜的硬度为45A至85A,厚度为0.1mm至2.0mm。本发明解决的技术问题在于,通过简单且环境友好的工艺形成隔离层,有效阻止增强层之间的滑移和摩擦。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够弯曲的多层管,特别是塑料管或塑胶管。
背景技术
多层塑料或塑胶管可以广泛地用于各种液体和气体的输送。目前市场上通过挤出而制造的多层管主要由内管、增强层和外层三部分组成。增强层一般由各种金属或非金属的纤维编织或缠绕而成。在各个增强层之间通常还设有中间接合层或隔离层,用于各个增强层之间的连接或阻止各层之间的摩擦。
现有技术中已知,采用粘合剂、例如胶水作为隔离层并通过涂覆工艺加入到各个增强层之间。然而,这种工艺的缺点在于:生产过程比较复杂;并且,胶水的量不容易控制;再者,在生产过程中由于部分溶剂的挥发进而不满足环保的趋势;另外,一般情况下,此类粘合剂的主要成分是热固性的树脂,应用到塑料胶管中时不利于最终产品的回收利用。
现有技术中还已知,通过挤出工艺在各个增强层之间施加中间层。然而,这种工艺的缺点在于:需要共挤设备,对此的设备投资大且工艺复杂;同时,使用该工艺时要求中间层材料的加工工艺参数接近内管材料,以便在共挤设备中进行挤出,由此导致材料的选择性受到局限。
因此,本发明需要提出一种新的技术方案以解决上述诸多技术问题中的至少一个。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术,本发明的目的在于,提供一种能够弯曲的多层管,其能够通过简单并且对环境友好的工艺获得,有效阻止增强层之间的滑移和摩擦。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明提出一种能够弯曲的多层管,其包含内管、外层、至少两个位于所述内管和外层之间的增强层,并且在各个所述增强层之间设有隔离层,其中,所述隔离层由薄膜缠绕而成,所述薄膜的硬度为45A至85A,厚度为0.1mm至2.0mm。
根据本发明,使用薄膜替代粘合剂(比如胶水),并采用薄膜缠绕工艺替代粘合剂涂覆工艺,能够避免粘合剂涂覆工艺的缺陷。一方面,通过直接将薄膜缠绕到塑料管的增强层上,能够工艺简单地形成隔离层,设备投资小,材料的选择也较灵活。另一方面,生产过程中无溶剂产生或者挥发,能够良好改善生产车间的环境。由此形成的隔离层能够有效阻止各个增强层之间例如在多层管发生弯曲时的摩擦,长时间的摩擦会损坏增强层从而对其增强效果产生不利影响。
根据本发明,为了可靠地将薄膜缠绕形成隔离层,需要选择具有合适特性的薄膜。其中,薄膜的厚度和硬度是关键指标。其中,所述薄膜的硬度为45A至85A。该硬度按照标准ASTM D2240在15s的条件下测得。当硬度小于45A时,薄膜太软,在缠绕过程中容易产生滑移和脱落,无法生产;当硬度大于85A时,薄膜太硬,无法有效地包覆在加强层上,亦无法生产。同时,所述薄膜的厚度为0.1mm至2.0mm。当薄膜的厚度小于0.1mm时,无法进行缠绕的工序;当厚度超过2.0mm后,管子的多层叠加会影响最终成品管的外径尺寸。
此外,为了确保多层管的物理性能,优选地,所述薄膜具有按照ASTM D792确定的0.7至1.3g/cm3的密度,和/或具有按照ASTM D412确定的5.0至25.0MPa的拉伸强度,和/或具有按照ASTM D412确定的>80%的断裂延伸率。另外,优选该薄膜是绝缘的。
根据本发明的薄膜缠绕可以通过不同方式实现。
优选地,所述隔离层由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的长度方向卷绕而成。对此,薄膜例如以带材形式提供,在施加薄膜时,带材的纵向、即长度方向和多层管的长度方向保持一致,薄膜在宽度方向上围绕待缠绕的管的外周缠绕一周,从而包围管的外周,在增强层上缠绕时即包围增强层的外周。由此形成套筒状的隔离层。该缠绕方式不需要额外增加缠绕设备,并且能够实现比较均匀的薄膜包裹。
当所述隔离层由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的长度方向卷绕而成时,优选地,所述薄膜的宽度对应于所述薄膜所卷绕的管的外周长。由此,当薄膜在宽度方向上围绕待缠绕的管的外周缠绕一周,恰好包围管的外周。
还优选地,所述隔离层由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的直径方向缠绕成螺旋状。对此,薄膜例如也以带材形式提供,在施加薄膜时,带材的纵向、即长度方向和多层管的圆周方向形成一定角度,逐圈地螺旋形地进行缠绕,从而包围管的外周,在增强层上缠绕时即包围增强层的外周。由此形成螺旋状的隔离层。该缠绕方式需要借助缠绕设备实施螺旋缠绕。
当所述隔离层由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的直径方向缠绕成螺旋状时,薄膜的宽度和螺旋缠绕角度均可以根据需要进行调整。
上述两种薄膜缠绕方式可以灵活地应用于一个多层管中的各个隔离层。一个多层管中的各个隔离层可以采用相同的薄膜缠绕方式,也可以采用不同的薄膜缠绕方式。
并且,根据本发明的薄膜缠绕不需要额外的接合,一方面,薄膜本身具有一定的粘合性;另一方面,隔离层外部的增强层对隔离层薄膜起到了固定作用;再者,在最外部挤出形成外层时,施加的热量导致薄膜进一步熔合。
优选地,所述内管的材料是热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体,和/或所述外层的材料是热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体。热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体例如可以使用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基戊烯(PMP)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、聚酰胺(比如PA6、PA66、PA11、PA12、PA46、PA610、PA9T、PA6T)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、氟聚合物、硅酮聚合物、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酮(POK)等。由热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体构成内管和外层,便于成型加工,且可以重复回收利用。
优选地,所述薄膜由热塑性弹性体构成。热塑性弹性体与内管和外层使用的热塑性材质有良好的相容性,并且有利于回收利用。构成薄膜的热塑性弹性体(TPE)优选可以使用热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)、苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体(TPS)、聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体(TPU)、聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体(TPO)。但材料选择并不限于此,还可以使用例如聚酰胺类热塑性弹性(TPAE)、聚酯类热塑性弹性体(TPEE)、聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体(PVC-TPE)等热塑性弹性体构成薄膜,进而形成本发明的隔离层。
优选地,所述薄膜包裹多层管的整个长度,从而有效地防止各个增强层之间的滑移和摩擦。
增强层可以采用纤维、纱线或绳作为加强元件,通过编织或螺旋缠绕来施加。适合作为加强元件的材料例如是金属丝、芳族聚酰胺(又称芳纶,例如对芳族聚酰胺或间芳族聚酰胺)、聚酰胺、聚酯(又称涤纶,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET)、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)或前述材料的呈混合系统形式的组合。优选地,所述增强层由钢丝、或者由涤纶或芳纶纤维编织或缠绕而成。
在内管和外层之间的增强层的数量可以根据应用条件而不同。例如,针对高压管(10-100MPa)的应用,通常施加3至4层增强层。针对低压管(0.1-1.6MPa)的应用,通常施加1至2层增强层。
还优选地,在所述内管和最内部的增强层之间设有所述隔离层,从而防止增强层和内管之间的相对滑移。
优选地,所述多层管是高压输送管。
根据本发明的多层管可以用作软管或者硬管,其均能够弯曲。
相应地,本发明还提出一种多层管的制造方法,其包含下述步骤:
-形成内管,例如通过挤出而形成,
-选择性地,在内管上施加一个内部隔离层,
-通过编织或缠绕在内管或内部隔离层上施加增强层,
-在最外部的增强层上施加外层,例如通过挤出施加,
其中,在内管和外层之间具有至少两个增强层,且在各个增强层之间施加隔离层,对此,所述隔离层由薄膜通过缠绕工艺形成。
在内管和/或外层由热塑性弹性体构成的情况下,最终对弹性体进行硫化,获得成品管。
针对本发明的多层管的前述各个特征同样适用于本发明的制造方法,为了避免冗余,在此不再重复。
本发明的优点在于:能够工艺简单地在增强层上形成隔离层,从而有效阻止增强层之间的摩擦,对此的设备投资小,隔离层的材料选择也较灵活;同时生产过程中无溶剂产生或者挥发,对环境友好。
附图说明
以下结合附图对本发明进行进一步说明。其中,各个附图均采用简化的示意性形式且均使用非精准的比例。
图1以立体图示出了根据本发明的多层管的一个实施方式。
图2示出了根据本发明用于形成隔离层的一种薄膜缠绕方式。
图3示出了根据本发明用于形成隔离层的另一种薄膜缠绕方式。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例和对比例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1示出了根据本发明的多层管的一个实施方式。该多层管的径向最内部和最外部分别为内管1.1和外层1.3。在所述内管1.1和外层1.3之间设有四个增强层1.2。在各个增强层1.2之间分别设有一个隔离层1.4。另外,如图所示,在内管1.1和最内部的增强层1.2之间也可以设有一个隔离层1.4,但这不是必须的。
上述多层管能够通过下述过程制备。
首先,通过挤出将热塑性塑料施加到芯棒,以形成内管1.1;然后,选择性地,在内管1.1上缠绕热塑性弹性体薄膜,形成一个内部隔离层;在内管1.1或选择性的内部隔离层上编织或缠绕钢丝,形成最内部的第一增强层1.2;接着,在最内部的增强层上缠绕热塑性弹性体薄膜,形成第一隔离层1.4;接着,依次往该第一隔离层上施加第二增强层、第二隔离层、第三增强层、第三隔离层和最外部的第四增强层;随后,通过挤出将热塑性塑料施加到最外部的第四增强层上,以形成外层1.3。其中,各个隔离层均包裹管的整个长度。最终,从芯棒上取下多层塑料管。
在有些实施方式中,内管1.1和/或外层1.3的材料也可以采用热塑性弹性体。在此情况下,对弹性体进行硫化后从芯棒上取下多层管。
在有些实施方式中,各个增强层1.2也可以由非金属的涤纶或芳纶纤维编织或缠绕而成。
图1所示的多层管适合用作高压输送管。在有些实施方式中,在内管和外层之间可以设置数量更少的增强层。例如,在内管和外层之间可以设置恰好2个增强层,由此获得的多层管适合用作低压输送管。
为了形成隔离层1.4,热塑性弹性体薄膜的缠绕方式参见图2和图3中示出的两种薄膜缠绕方式。
根据图2所示的薄膜缠绕方式,在施加薄膜时,带状薄膜的纵向、即长度方向沿着管的长度方向搭在管上。带状薄膜的宽度对应于待缠绕的管的外周长。薄膜在宽度方向上围绕待缠绕的管的外周卷绕一周,使得薄膜恰好包围管的外周,由此形成套筒状的隔离层。
根据图3所示的薄膜缠绕方式,在施加薄膜时,带状薄膜的纵向、即长度方向和管的圆周方向形成一定角度,借助缠绕设备逐圈地螺旋形地进行缠绕,从而包围待缠绕的管的外周,由此形成螺旋状的隔离层。
根据上述两种薄膜缠绕方式,具体实施如下实施例1至4和对比例1至4。
实施例1:
采用由热塑性硫化橡胶TPV构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为45A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为0.1mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)0.7g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为5.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为85%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的长度方向卷绕。
实施例2:
采用由苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体TPS构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为60A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为0.8mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)0.9g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为15.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为85%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的长度方向卷绕。
实施例3:
采用由聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体TPU构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为70A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为1.5mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)1.1g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为20.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为90%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的直径方向螺旋形缠绕。
实施例4:
采用由聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体TPO构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为85A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为2.0mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)1.3g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为25.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为90%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的直径方向螺旋形缠绕。
上述实施例1至4均成功地缠绕形成隔离层,且保持多层塑料管的物理性能。
对比例1:
采用由热塑性硫化橡胶TPV构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为40A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为0.1mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)0.7g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为5.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为85%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的长度方向卷绕。
对比例2:
采用由热塑性硫化橡胶TPV构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为90A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为0.1mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)0.7g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为5.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为85%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的长度方向卷绕。
对比例3:
采用由聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体TPU构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为70A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为0.05mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)1.1g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为20.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为90%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的直径方向螺旋形缠绕。
对比例4:
采用由聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体TPU构成的薄膜,薄膜的硬度为70A(ASTM D2240,15s),薄膜的厚度为2.5mm,薄膜的密度(ASTM D792)1.1g/cm3,拉伸强度(ASTM D412)为20.0MPa,断裂延伸率(ASTM D412)为90%。薄膜以纵向沿着管的直径方向螺旋形缠绕。
其中,对比例1中的薄膜硬度过小,薄膜太软,在缠绕过程中产生滑移和脱落,无法形成隔离层。对比例2中的薄膜硬度过大,薄膜太硬,不能有效地包覆管,无法形成隔离层。对比例3中的薄膜厚度过小,不能有效地缠绕,无法形成隔离层。对比例4中的薄膜厚度过大,按照图1施加多个隔离层和增强层之后,最终成品管的外径尺寸过大。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种能够弯曲的多层管,其包含内管(1.1)、外层(1.3)、至少两个位于所述内管(1.1)和外层(1.3)之间的增强层(1.2),并且在各个所述增强层(1.2)之间设有隔离层(1.4),其特征在于,所述隔离层(1.4)由薄膜缠绕而成,所述薄膜的硬度为45A至85A,厚度为0.1mm至2.0mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述隔离层(1.4)由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的长度方向卷绕而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述薄膜的宽度对应于所述薄膜所卷绕的管的外周长。
4.根据权利要求1所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述隔离层(1.4)由所述薄膜以纵向沿着多层管的直径方向缠绕成螺旋状。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述内管(1.1)的材料是热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体,和/或所述外层(1.3)的材料是热塑性塑料或热塑性弹性体。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述薄膜由热塑性弹性体构成。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述薄膜包裹多层管的整个长度。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述增强层(1.2)由钢丝、或者由涤纶或芳纶纤维编织或缠绕而成。
9.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,在所述内管(1.1)和最内部的增强层(1.2)之间设有所述隔离层(1.4)。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的能够弯曲的多层管,其特征在于,所述多层管是高压输送管。
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