CN117295351A - Light emitting device, electronic apparatus including the same, and electronic device - Google Patents

Light emitting device, electronic apparatus including the same, and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117295351A
CN117295351A CN202310736802.8A CN202310736802A CN117295351A CN 117295351 A CN117295351 A CN 117295351A CN 202310736802 A CN202310736802 A CN 202310736802A CN 117295351 A CN117295351 A CN 117295351A
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group
groups
light
layer
emitting device
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Inventor
金劭姟
姜东郁
金景宪
宋昊哲
全翔镐
崔善美
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from KR1020230078414A external-priority patent/KR20240002190A/en
Application filed by Samsung Display Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Display Co Ltd
Publication of CN117295351A publication Critical patent/CN117295351A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
    • H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
    • H10K50/131—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit with spacer layers between the electroluminescent layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a light emitting device, an electronic apparatus including the light emitting device, and an electronic device including the light emitting device. The light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and a cover layer, wherein the emission layer includes a first emitter that emits first light having a first emission spectrum, the cover layer is disposed in a path along which the first light travels, an emission peak wavelength of the first light is about 610nm to about 720nm, the first emitter includes iridium, the cover layer includes an amine-containing compound, a ratio value (RRF value) of a reflectance of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer to a full width at half maximum is 2.0 or more, and the RRF value is calculated by equation 1.

Description

Light emitting device, electronic apparatus including the same, and electronic device
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The present application is based on and claims priority of korean patent application No. 10-2022-0077803 filed on 24 th 6 th 2022 and korean patent application No. 10-2023-007814 filed on 19 th 6 th 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Technical Field
One or more embodiments relate to a light emitting device, an electronic apparatus including the light emitting device, and an electronic device including the light emitting device.
Background
Among light emitting devices, a self-emission device (e.g., an organic light emitting device) has characteristics of a wide viewing angle, excellent contrast, fast response time, and excellent in brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.
In the light emitting device, a first electrode is disposed on a substrate, and a hole transporting region, an emission layer, an electron transporting region, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided by the first electrode move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided by the second electrode move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the emissive layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.
Disclosure of Invention
One or more embodiments include a light emitting device having excellent color purity, an electronic apparatus including the light emitting device, and an electronic device including the light emitting device.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.
According to one or more embodiments, a light emitting device includes
The first electrode is arranged to be electrically connected to the first electrode,
a second electrode facing the first electrode,
an intermediate layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emissive layer, an
The covering layer is arranged on the surface of the base plate,
wherein the emissive layer comprises a first emitter,
the first emitter emits first light having a first emission spectrum,
the cover layer is arranged in the path of the first light travel,
the first light has an emission peak wavelength of about 610nm to about 720nm,
the first emitter comprises iridium and the second emitter comprises iridium,
the cover layer comprises an amine-containing compound,
a ratio value (RRF value) of a reflectance of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer to a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.0 or more, and
the RRF value is calculated by equation 1
Equation 1
R(cap)/FWHM(D)×100
Wherein, in the equation 1,
r (cap) is the refractive index of the amine-containing compound relative to the second light having a wavelength of + -33 nm of the emission peak wavelength of the first light, an
The FWHM (D) is the FWHM of the main peak in the Electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer, and the unit of the FWHM (D) is nm.
According to one or more embodiments, a light emitting device includes
The first electrode is arranged to be electrically connected to the first electrode,
a second electrode facing the first electrode,
an intermediate layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emissive layer, an
The covering layer is arranged on the surface of the base plate,
wherein the emissive layer comprises a first emitter,
the first emitter emits first light having a first emission spectrum,
the cover layer is arranged in the path of the first light travel,
the first emitter comprises a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand, each of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand being bonded to iridium,
the first ligand comprises Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 2 Ring B of (2) 2 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
the second ligand is a ligand selected from the group consisting of 3 And Y 4 Is bonded to the bidentate ligand of iridium,
the third ligand comprises Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
Y 1 and Y 5 Is nitrogen (N),
Y 2 and Y 6 Each of which is carbon (C),
Y 3 and Y 4 Is oxygen (O),
containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Is a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups are fused to each other,
the cover layer comprises an amine-containing compound
The amine-containing compound comprises a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthoxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof.
According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device comprises the light emitting arrangement.
According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device comprises the light emitting device.
Drawings
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a light emitting device according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 and 3 are each a schematic view of a light emitting device as one of the electronic devices according to the embodiment; and
fig. 4, 5, 6A, 6B, and 6C are each schematic diagrams of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may take various forms and should not be construed as limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, only the embodiments are described below by referring to the drawings to explain the presently described aspects. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b and c" means a only, b only, c only, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all a, b and c, or variants thereof.
A light emitting device according to aspects of the present disclosure may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and (3) a covering layer.
The emissive layer may comprise a first emitter. The first emitter may emit first light having a first emission spectrum, and the cover layer may be disposed in a path along which the first light travels.
The emission peak wavelength (maximum emission wavelength or maximum emission peak wavelength) of the first light may be about 610nm to about 720nm.
For example, the emission peak wavelength of the first light may be about 610nm to about 680nm, about 610nm to about 675nm, about 610nm to about 670nm, about 610nm to about 665nm, about 613nm to about 680nm, about 613nm to about 675nm, about 613nm to about 670nm, about 613nm to about 665nm, about 615nm to about 680nm, about 615nm to about 675nm, about 615nm to about 670nm, about 615nm to about 665nm, or about 615nm to about 664nm.
The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the first light may be about 15nm to about 90nm.
For example, the FWHM of the first light may be from about 20nm to about 90nm, from about 20nm to about 85nm, from about 20nm to about 80nm, from about 25nm to about 90nm, from about 25nm to about 85nm, from about 25nm to about 80nm, from about 30nm to about 90nm, from about 30nm to about 85nm, from about 30nm to about 80nm, from about 33nm to about 90nm, from about 33nm to about 85nm, from about 33nm to about 80nm, or from about 33nm to about 79nm.
The emission peak wavelength (or maximum emission wavelength) and FWHM of the first light described in this specification can be evaluated from the emission spectrum of the film containing the first emitter (for example, see evaluation example 2). The emission peak wavelength in this specification means a peak wavelength having the maximum emission intensity in an emission spectrum or an Electroluminescence (EL) spectrum.
The first light having the emission peak wavelength and FWHM as described above may be red light.
The first emitter may comprise iridium.
In embodiments, the first emitter may be an iridium-containing organometallic compound. The first emitter may be neutral, may contain an iridium, and may not contain a transition metal other than iridium.
In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may include a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand, each of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand being bonded to iridium, in addition to iridium. In this regard, the first ligand may be a ligand comprising a ligand containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 2 Ring B of (2) 2 The second ligand may be a bidentate ligand of formula (I) through Y 3 And Y 4 Is bonded to the iridiumThe third ligand may be a ligand comprising a ligand containing Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 Bidentate ligand, Y 1 And Y 5 Each of (C) and (B) may be nitrogen (N), Y 2 And Y 6 Each of which may be carbon (C), Y 3 And Y 4 Each of which may be oxygen (O), and Y-containing 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 At least one of (e.g., containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Each of which) may be a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups are condensed with each other.
In one or more embodiments, Y is contained 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 At least one of (e.g., containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Each of which) may be a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a naphthoquinoline group or a naphthoisoquinoline group.
In one or more embodiments, Y is contained 2 Ring B of (2) 2 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 May be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a selenophene group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, or a dibenzosilole group.
In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may be a heteroleptic complex.
In one or more embodiments, the third ligand may be the same as the first ligand.
In one or more embodiments, the third ligand may be different from the first ligand.
Further details regarding the first emitter are as described in the present specification.
The cover layer may be disposed in a path in which the first light travels and is extracted to the outside of the light emitting device, thereby increasing an external extraction rate of the first light.
The cover layer may comprise an amine-containing compound. "amine" in an amine-containing compound means a compound consisting of
Groups represented by wherein "and" respectively represent a group adjacent to atom A 1 、A 2 And A 3 And A is a binding site of 1 、A 2 And A 3 Refers to groups that are not connected via single bonds or any atomic groups in between. A is that 1 、A 2 And A 3 May be any atom, for example, carbon, hydrogen, etc. For example, CBP and compounds B11 to B23 below do not belong to the amine-containing compounds described herein.
In embodiments, the cover layer may comprise a monoamine-containing compound. That is, the amount of "amine" in the amine-containing compound contained in the cover layer may be 1.
In one or more embodiments, the amine-containing compound included in the capping layer may include a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthooxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof.
Further details regarding amine-containing compounds are described in this specification.
The ratio value (RRF value) of the reflectance of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer to the FWHM may be 2.0 or more than 2.0. In this regard, the RRF value may be calculated by equation 1:
equation 1
R(cap)/FWHM(D)×100
Wherein, in the equation 1,
r (cap) is a refractive index of the amine-containing compound with respect to the second light having a wavelength of ±33nm of an emission peak wavelength of the first light, and FWHM (D) is a FWHM of a main peak in the EL spectrum of the first light extracted to the outside through the cladding layer, wherein the unit of FWHM (D) is nm.
In an embodiment, the RRF value of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer may be 2.0 or more than 2.0.
In one or more embodiments, the RRF value of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer may be about 2.0 to about 4.0, about 2.0 to about 3.9, about 2.0 to about 3.8, about 2.0 to about 3.7, about 2.1 to about 4.0, about 2.1 to about 3.9, about 2.1 to about 3.8, about 2.1 to about 3.7, or about 2.16 to about 3.66.
When the emission peak wavelength of the first light is about 610nm to about 720nm and the RRF value of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer is within the above-described range, the light emitting device may emit red light while having excellent color purity (e.g., relatively large CIEx coordinates and/or relatively small CIEy coordinates). Therefore, by using the light-emitting device, high-quality electronic equipment and high-quality electronic devices can be manufactured. For example, the light emitting device may have CIEx coordinates of about 0.65 to about 0.71 or about 0.66 to about 0.70 and/or CIEy coordinates of about 0.29 to about 0.35 or about 0.30 to about 0.34.
The FWHM (D) may be about 15nm to about 90nm, about 15nm to about 85nm, about 15nm to about 80nm, about 20nm to about 90nm, about 20nm to about 85nm, about 20nm to about 80nm, about 25nm to about 90nm, about 25nm to about 85nm, about 25nm to about 80nm, about 30nm to about 90nm, about 30nm to about 85nm, about 30nm to about 80nm, about 33nm to about 90nm, about 33nm to about 85nm, or about 33nm to about 80nm.
R (cap) can be evaluated by actually measuring the refractive index of a film composed of an amine-containing compound (for example, see evaluation example 3).
In an embodiment, R (cap) may be the refractive index of the amine-containing compound relative to the second light having a wavelength of about 633 nm.
In one or more embodiments, R (cap) may be from about 1.6 to about 2.0, from about 1.6 to about 1.9, or from about 1.6 to about 1.8.
A light emitting device according to another aspect of the present disclosure mayComprising the following steps: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and a capping layer, wherein the emissive layer may comprise a first emitter, the first emitter may emit a first light having a first emission spectrum, the capping layer may be disposed in a path of travel of the first light, the first emitter may comprise a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand, each of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand being bonded to iridium, the first ligand may comprise a light source comprising Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 2 Ring B of (2) 2 The second ligand may be a bidentate ligand of formula (I) through Y 3 And Y 4 The third ligand may be a bidentate ligand comprising Y-containing ligand bonded to iridium 5 Ring B of (2) 5 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 Bidentate ligand, Y 1 And Y 5 Each of (C) and (B) may be nitrogen (N), Y 2 And Y 6 Each of which may be carbon (C), Y 3 And Y 4 Each of which may be oxygen (O), containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 At least one of (e.g., containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Each of which) may be a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups are fused to each other, the capping layer may comprise an amine-containing compound, and the amine-containing compound may comprise a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthooxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof.
The first light, the first emitter and the amine-containing compound are the same as described in the present specification.
In embodiments, the emission peak wavelength of the first light may be about 610nm to about 680nm, about 610nm to about 675nm, about 610nm to about 670nm, about 613nm to about 680nm, about 613nm to about 675nm, or about 613nm to about 670nm.
In one or more embodiments, the FWHM of the main peak in the EL spectrum of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer may be about 15nm to about 90nm, about 15nm to about 85nm, about 15nm to about 80nm, about 20nm to about 90nm, about 20nm to about 85nm, about 20nm to about 80nm, about 25nm to about 90nm, about 25nm to about 85nm, about 25nm to about 80nm, about 30nm to about 90nm, about 30nm to about 85nm, about 30nm to about 80nm, about 33nm to about 90nm, about 33nm to about 85nm, or about 33nm to about 80nm.
The first light having the emission peak wavelength and FWHM as described above may be red light.
In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the amine-containing compound relative to the second light having a wavelength of ±33nm of the emission peak wavelength of the first light may be about 1.6 to about 2.0, about 1.6 to about 1.9, or about 1.6 to about 1.8.
As described above, a light-emitting device including both i) an emission layer including iridium and a first emitter including a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand, each of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand being bonded to iridium, and ii) a capping layer including an amine-containing compound including a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthooxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof can emit red light having excellent color purity (e.g., relatively large CIEx coordinates and/or relatively small CIEy coordinates), and can have excellent forward light-emitting efficiency and excellent lateral light-emitting efficiency at the same time. Therefore, by using the light emitting device, high-quality electronic equipment can be manufactured. For example, the light emitting device may have CIEx coordinates of about 0.65 to about 0.71 or about 0.66 to about 0.70 and/or CIEy coordinates of about 0.29 to about 0.35 or about 0.30 to about 0.34.
In embodiments, the first emitter may comprise at least one fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may include at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may comprise deuterated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, deuterated C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand may comprise at least one fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, each of the first ligand and the third ligand may comprise at least one fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand may comprise at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand may comprise deuterated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, deuterated C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) level of the first emitter can be from about-5.30 eV to about-4.70 eV or from about-5.25 eV to about-4.86 eV.
In one or more embodiments, the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) level of the first emitter can be about-2.40 eV to about-1.90 eV or about-2.29 eV to about-2.01 eV.
HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be assessed via cyclic voltammetry analysis of organometallic compounds (e.g., assessment example 1).
In one or more embodiments, the triplet state (T 1 ) The energy level may be about 1.30eV to about 2.30eV or about 1.47eV to about 2.10eV.
The method of evaluating the triplet energy level of the first emitter can be understood by referring to, for example, evaluation example 1.
The emissive layer may further comprise a host, an auxiliary dopant, a sensitizer, a delayed fluorescence material, or any combination thereof, in addition to the first emitter. Each of the host, the auxiliary dopant, the sensitizer, the delayed fluorescence material, or any combination thereof may comprise at least one deuterium.
For example, the emissive layer may include a first emitter and a host. The host may be different from the first emitter, and the host may include an electron transport compound, a hole transport compound, a bipolar compound, or any combination thereof. The body may not comprise metal. The electron-transporting compound, the hole-transporting compound, and the bipolar compound are different from each other.
In an embodiment, the emissive layer may include a first emitter and a host, and the host may include an electron transport compound and a hole transport compound. The electron transport compound and the hole transport compound may form an exciplex.
For example, the electron transport compound may include at least one pi-electron deficient nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60 A cyclic group. For example, the electron transport compound can comprise a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or any combination thereof.
In embodiments, the hole transport compound may include at least one pi-electron rich C 3 -C 60 A cyclic group, a pyridine group, or any combination thereof, and may not contain an electron transporting group (e.g., pi-electron deficient nitrogen-containing C other than a pyridine group 1 -C 60 Cyclic groups, cyano groups, sulfoxide groups, and phosphine oxide groups).
In embodiments, the following compounds may be excluded from the hole transport compounds.
In an embodiment, the electron transport compound may include a compound represented by formula 2-1 or a compound represented by formula 2-2:
2-1
2-2
Wherein, in the formula 2-1 and the formula 2-2,
L 51 to L 53 Can each independently be a single bond, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
b51 to b53 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5,
a7 to A9 may each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups (e.g. each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a A substituted phenyl group or a naphthalene group),
X 54 can be N or C (R 54 )，X 55 Can be N or C (R 55 )，X 56 Can be N or C (R 56 ) And X is 54 To X 56 At least one of which may be N,
X 57 can be O, S, N (R 57 )、C(R 57a )(R 57b ) Or Si (R) 57a )(R 57b ) And (b)
R 51 To R 57 、R 57a 、R 57b And R is 10a Each of which is the same as described in the present specification.
In one or more embodiments, the hole transporting compound may include a compound represented by formula 3-1, a compound represented by formula 3-2, a compound represented by formula 3-3, a compound represented by formula 3-4, a compound represented by formula 3-5, or any combination thereof:
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
Wherein, in the formulas 3-1 to 3-5,
ring CY 71 To ring CY 74 Can each independently be pi-electron rich C 3 -C 60 A cyclic group (e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, an anthracene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group) or a pyridine group,
X 82 can be a single bond or O, S, N [ (L) 82 ) b82 -R 82 ]、C(R 82a )(R 82b ) Or Si (R) 82a )(R 82b )，
X 83 Can be a single bond or O, S, N [ (L) 83 ) b83 -R 83 ]、C(R 83a )(R 83b ) Or Si (R) 83a )(R 83b )，
X 84 Can be O, S, N [ (L) 84 ) b84 -R 84 ]、C(R 84a )(R 84b ) Or Si (R) 84a )(R 84b )，X 85 It may be either C or Si and,
L 81 to L 85 Can each independently be a single bond, -C (Q) 4 )(Q 5 )-*'、*-Si(Q 4 )(Q 5 ) Each unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted pi-electron rich divalent C 3 -C 60 Cyclic groups (e.g. each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted phenyl groupsNaphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene groups), or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted pyridine groups, wherein Q 4 And Q 5 Each and about Q 1 The same is described, and each of the terms "and" refer to a binding site to an adjacent atom,
b81 to b85 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5,
R 71 to R 74 、R 81 To R 85 、R 82a 、R 82b 、R 83a 、R 83b 、R 84a And R is 84b Each of which is the same as that described in the specification,
a71 to a74 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 20, and
R 10a as described in the present specification.
The cover layer of the light emitting device may be arranged outside the first electrode and/or outside the second electrode.
In an embodiment, the light emitting device may further include at least one of a first cover layer disposed outside the first electrode and a second cover layer disposed outside the second electrode, and at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may contain the amine-containing compound described in the present specification.
In an embodiment, the light emitting device may further include:
A first cover layer disposed outside the first electrode and containing an amine-containing compound described in the present specification;
a second cover layer disposed outside the second electrode and containing an amine-containing compound described in the present specification; or alternatively
A first cover layer and a second cover layer.
In one or more embodiments, the light emitting device may further include a third capping layer, and the third capping layer may include a compound different from the amine-containing compound described in the present specification. The third cover layer may be disposed in a path traveled by the first light emitted by the first emitter.
In one or more embodiments, the third cover layer may comprise a material having a refractive index (at 589 nm) of 1.6 or greater than 1.6.
In one or more embodiments, the third cover layer may be an organic cover layer comprising an organic material, an inorganic cover layer comprising an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic composite cover layer comprising an organic material and an inorganic material.
For example, the third capping layer may comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine group-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amine group-containing compound may be optionally substituted with substituents containing O, N, S, se, si, F, cl, br, I or any combination thereof.
For example, the third capping layer may comprise a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the third cover layer may comprise one of compounds HT28 to HT33, one of compounds CP1 to CP6, β -NPB, or any combination thereof:
in one or more embodiments, the light emitting device may have:
i) A structure in which a first electrode, an intermediate layer, a second electrode, and a second cap layer (containing an amine-containing compound described in this specification) are stacked in this order;
ii) a structure in which a first electrode, an intermediate layer, a second electrode, a third cover layer (containing a compound other than the amine-containing compound described in the present specification), and a second cover layer (containing the amine-containing compound described in the present specification) are stacked in this order; or alternatively
iii) A structure in which a first electrode, an intermediate layer, a second electrode, a second cover layer (containing an amine-containing compound described in the present specification), and a third cover layer (containing a compound other than the amine-containing compound described in the present specification) are stacked in this order.
In this regard, the first light emitted from the first emitter of the emission layer included in the intermediate layer may pass through the second electrode and then be extracted to the outside of the light emitting device through the second cover layer (or the second cover layer and the third cover layer), and the second electrode may be a transflective electrode or a transmissive electrode.
The expression "the intermediate layer (or cover layer) comprises the first emitter (or amine-containing compound)" as used herein is to be understood as "the intermediate layer (or cover layer) may comprise one compound belonging to the first emitter class or two or more different compounds belonging to the first emitter class (or one compound belonging to the amine-containing compound class or two or more different compounds belonging to the amine-containing compound class).
The term "intermediate layer" as used herein refers to a single layer and/or multiple layers arranged between a first electrode and a second electrode of a light emitting device.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic apparatus including a light emitting device. The electronic device may further include a thin film transistor. For example, the electronic device may further include a thin film transistor including a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light emitting device may be electrically coupled to the source electrode or the drain electrode. The electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof. Further details regarding the electronic device are described in this specification.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a light emitting device.
For example, the electronic device may be one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and/or signaling light, a heads-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a micro-display, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including multiple displays stitched together, a theatre or stadium screen, a phototherapy device, and a sign.
Description of the invention
The first emitter may be, for example, an organometallic compound represented by formula 1. Further, the amine-containing compound may be, for example, a compound represented by formula 8.
1 (1)
Ir(L 1 )(L 2 )(L 3 )
8. The method is used for preparing the product
Wherein, in the formula 1,
L 1 may be a first ligand bonded to Ir of formula 1 and represented by formula 1-1,
L 2 may be a second ligand which is bonded to Ir of formula 1 and is represented by formula 1-2, and
L 3 may be a third ligand bonded to Ir of formula 1 and represented by formulas 1 to 3:
Wherein, in the formulas 1-1 to 1-3 and 8,
Y 1 and Y 5 May be nitrogen (N),
Y 2 and Y 6 Each of which may be carbon (C),
ring B 1 Ring B 2 Ring B 5 And ring B 6 Can each independently be C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and ring B of formula 1-1 1 Y of (2) 1 And ring B of 1-3 5 Y of (2) 5 At least one of (e.g., ring B of formula 1-1) 1 Y of (2) 1 And ring B of 1-3 5 Y of (2) 5 Each of which) may be a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups (e.g., a phenyl group, a pyridine group, and a pyrimidine group) are condensed with each other,
Ar 1 to Ar 3 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group, and Z 1 To Z 3 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
x1 to x3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10,
i) When x1 is 0, - (Ar) 1 ) x1 The term "x" may be a single bond, ii) when x2 is 0, - (Ar) 2 ) x2 The term "x" may be a single bond, and iii) when x3 is 0, - (Ar) 3 ) x3 The term "x" may be a single bond, wherein each of the x and x' represents a binding site to an adjacent atom,
W 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 And W is 6 Can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groupsUnsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -C (Q) 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-N(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-B(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-C(＝O)(Q 1 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 1 ) or-P (=O) (Q 1 )(Q 2 )，
b1, b2, b5 and b6 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 20,
each of formulas 1-1 to 1-3 represents a binding site to Ir in formula 1,
i) W in the quantity b1 1 Ii) W in an amount b2 2 Iii) W 31 To W 33 Iv) W in an amount of b5 5 And v) W in an amount of b6 6 May optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups (i.e. W in an amount b1 1 May optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, ii) two groups of W2 of the number b2 may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, iii) W 31 To W 33 May optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, iv) W in an amount of b5 5 May optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and v) W in an amount b6 6 May optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups),
R 10a the method can be as follows:
deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group;
each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals, C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -Si (Q) 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(＝O)(Q 11 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 11 )、-P(＝O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) Or any combination thereof 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups or C 1 -C 60 An alkoxy group;
each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals, C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -Si (Q) 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(＝O)(Q 21 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 21 )、-P(＝O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) Or any combination thereof 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals or C 2 -C 60 A heteroarylalkyl group; or alternatively
-Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(＝O)(Q 31 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 31 ) or-P (=O) (Q 31 )(Q 32 ) And (b)
Q 1 To Q 3 、Q 11 To Q 13 、Q 21 To Q 23 And Q 31 To Q 33 Each may independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; or each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano groups, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 60 C substituted with an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group.
In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by formula 1 may be an heteroleptic complex.
In one or more embodiments, in formula 1, L 3 Can be combined with L 1 The same applies.
In one or more embodiments, in formula 1, L 3 And L 1 May be different from each other.
In one or more embodiments, ring B 1 And ring B 5 The at least one of (a) may be a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a naphthoquinoline group or a naphthoisoquinoline group.
In one or more embodiments, ring B 1 And ring B 5 May each independently be a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a naphthoquinoline group or a naphthoisoquinoline group.
In one or more embodiments, ring B 2 And ring B 6 May each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a selenophene group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a silole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, or a dibenzosilole group.
In one or more embodiments, ar in formula 8 1 To Ar 3 And Z 1 To Z 3 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a A substituted phenyl group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthoxazole group, or a naphthothiazole group. For example, Z in formula 8 1 To Z 3 At least one of which may each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a A substituted benzoxazole group, benzothiazole group, naphthooxazole group or naphthothiazole group. In this regard, R 10a The method can be as follows: deuterium; unsubstituted or substituted by at least one deuteriumSubstituted C 1 -C 20 An alkyl group; or each unsubstituted or deuterium-substituted, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 3 -C 20 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 20 C substituted by heterocyclic groups or any combination thereof 3 -C 20 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 20 A heterocyclic group.
X1, X2 and X3 in formula 8 independently represent Ar 1 Number of Ar of (2) 2 Number of (2) and Ar 3 And, for example, may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
In one or more embodiments, W in formula 1 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 And W is 6 Each may independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, -F, or cyano groups;
c each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano groups, or any combination thereof 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups or C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups;
each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, deuterated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, fluorinated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, phenyl group, deuterated phenyl group, fluorinated phenyl group, (C) 1 -C 20 Alkyl) phenyl group, biphenyl group, deuterated biphenyl group, fluorinated biphenyl group, (C) 1 -C 20 Alkyl) biphenyl groups or any combination of substituted phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, or dibenzothiophenyl groups; or alternatively
-Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )。
In this regard, Q 1 To Q 3 Each of which is the same as described in the present specification.
In one or more embodiments, W 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 And W is 6 At least one of (a) may compriseAt least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, W 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 And W is 6 At least one of them may be deuterium, deuterated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, or deuterated C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups.
In one or more embodiments, W 1 、W 2 、W 5 And W is 6 May comprise at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, W 1 、W 2 、W 5 And W is 6 May comprise at least one fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, W 1 And W is 5 May comprise at least one fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, W is present in an amount b1 1 At least one of (a) and W of the number b5 5 Each of which may be a fluoro group (-F).
In one or more embodiments, W in formulas 1-2 31 And W is 32 May comprise two or more carbons.
In one or more embodiments, W in formulas 1-2 31 And W is 32 May comprise two or more carbons.
In one or more embodiments, W in formulas 1-2 31 And W is 32 May not be simultaneously methyl groups.
In one or more embodiments, W in formulas 1-2 31 And W is 32 May not be both tertiary butyl groups.
The term "biphenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent substituent having a structure in which two phenyl groups are connected to each other by a single bond.
As used hereinFor C 3 -C 10 Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, cycloheptyl groups, adamantyl groups, and norbornyl groups.
The term "deuterated" as used herein includes both fully deuterated and partially deuterated.
The term "fluorinated" as used herein includes both fully fluorinated and partially fluorinated.
B1 and b2 in formula 1-1 and b5 and b6 in formula 1-3 each represent W 1 Number, W of 2 Number, W of 5 Number and W of (2) 6 And may each independently be, for example, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. When b1 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two W 1 May be the same or different from each other, when b2 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two W 2 May be the same or different from each other, when b5 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two W 5 May be the same or different from each other, and when b6 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two W 6 May be the same or different from each other.
In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may be an organometallic compound represented by formula 1A:
1A
Wherein, in the formula 1A,
Y 1 it may be that it is N,
Y 2 it may be that it is C,
ring B 2 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 And b2 are each the same as described in the present specification,
Y 11 may be C (W) 11 ) Or N, Y 12 May be C (W) 12 ) Or N, Y 13 May be C (W) 13 ) Or N, Y 14 May be C (W) 14 ) Or N, Y 15 May be C (W) 15 ) Or N, Y 16 May be C (W) 16 ) Or N, Y 17 May be C (W) 17 ) Or N, and Y 18 May be C (W) 18 ) Or N, or a combination of two,
W 11 to W 18 Each and about W 1 The same is described with respect to the case,
W 11 To W 18 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
w in an amount b2 2 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups
W 31 To W 33 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group.
Formula 1A may correspond to an organometallic compound in which the third ligand in formula 1 is the same as the first ligand.
In an embodiment, in formula 1A, Y 11 May be C (W) 11 )，Y 12 May be C (W) 12 )，Y 13 May be C (W) 13 )，Y 14 May be C (W) 14 )，Y 15 May be C (W) 15 )，Y 16 May be C (W) 16 )，Y 17 May be C (W) 17 ) And Y is 18 May be C (W) 18 ). In this regard, W 11 To W 18 I) may comprise a fluoro group (-F), or ii) may be a fluoro group (-F). For example, W 11 To W 18 At least one of which may be a fluorinated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups (e.g., -CF) 3 、-CHF 2 or-CH 2 F) or-F.
In one or more embodiments, in formula 1A, Y 11 May be C (W) 11 )，Y 12 May be C (W) 12 )，Y 13 May be C (W) 13 )，Y 14 May be C (W) 14 )，Y 15 May be C (W) 15 )，Y 16 May be C (W) 16 )，Y 17 May be C (W) 17 ) And Y is 18 May be C (W) 18 ). In this regard, W 11 To W 18 At least one of i) may comprise deuterium, or ii) may be deuterium. For example, W 11 To W 18 At least one of which may be deuterated C 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups (e.g., -CD) 3 、-CHD 2 or-CH 2 D) Or deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, the compounds of formulas 1-1 and 1A are represented byA group represented by +.>The groups represented may each independently be a group represented by one of the formulas BC-1 to BC-16:
wherein, in the formulas BC-1 to BC-16,
Y 80 can be O, S, se, N (W) 80 )、C(W 80a )(W 80b ) Or Si (W) 80a )(W 80b )，W 80 、W 80a And W is 80b Each and about W 2 Or W 6 The same is described with respect to the case,
* ' represents a binding site to iridium in formula 1
* "means a binding site to an adjacent atom in formula 1.
Formula BC-1 to formula BC-16 mayUnsubstituted or W as described in the specification 2 Or W 6 Substituted, and can be easily understood with reference to the structures of formulas 1-1, 1A and 1-3.
In one or more embodiments, when ring B in formula 1A 2 When naphthalene group, W 31 And W is 32 May not be a methyl group.
In one or more embodiments, the amine-containing compound may be a compound represented by formula 8-1:
8-1
Wherein, in the formula 8-1,
Ar 1 to Ar 3 And x1 to x3 are each the same as described in the present specification,
Z 11 to Z 13 May each independently be O or S,
Z 21 to Z 23 Each and related to R 10a The same as described
y1 to y3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4.
B51 to b53 in the formula 2-1 and the formula 2-2 respectively represent L 51 Number of (3) to L 53 And may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5. When b51 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two L 51 May be the same or different from each other, when b52 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two L' s 52 May be the same or different from each other, and when b53 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two L' s 53 May be the same or different from each other. For example, b51 to b53 may each be independently 1 or 2.
L in the formulae 2-1 and 2-2 51 To L 53 Each may independently be:
a single bond; or alternatively
Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, pyridyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, triazinyl groups, fluorenyl groups, dimethylfluorenyl groups, diphenylfluorenyl groups, carbazolyl groups, phenylcarbazolyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, dibenzothienyl groups, dibenzosilol groups, dimethyldibenzosilol groups, diphenyldibenzosilol groups, -O (Q) 31 )、-S(Q 31 )、-Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(＝O)(Q 31 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 31 )、-P(＝O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) Or any combination thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group,A group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a quinoline group, a phenanthroline group, pyrrole group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxadiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzoxadiazole group, benzothiadiazole group, dibenzooxasiladiene group, dibenzothiazesiladiene group, dibenzodihydrodihydrosiladiene group, dibenzodihydrodisilazadiene group, dibenzodihydrosiladiene group, dibenzodihydroditetradiene group Oxacyclohexadiene groups, dibenzooxathiane groups, dibenzooxazine groups, dibenzopyran groups, dibenzothiazepine groups, dibenzocyclohexadiene groups, dibenzodihydropyridine groups, dibenzodihydropyrazine groups, indolocarbazole groups, indolodibenzofuran groups or indolodibenzothiophene groups, and
wherein Q is 31 To Q 33 Can be hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group.
In the formula 2-1 and the formula 2-2, X 54 Can be N or C (R 54 )，X 55 Can be N or C (R 55 )，X 56 Can be N or C (R 56 ) And X is 54 To X 56 May be N. R is R 54 To R 56 May each be the same as described in the present specification. For example, X 54 To X 56 May each be N.
R 51 To R 57 、R 57a 、R 57b 、R 71 To R 74 、R 81 To R 85 、R 82a 、R 82b 、R 83a 、R 83b 、R 84a And R is 84b Can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or substitutedAt least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -C (Q) 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-N(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-B(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-C(＝O)(Q 1 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 1 ) or-P (=O) (Q 1 )(Q 2 )。Q 1 To Q 3 As described in the present specification.
For example, i) W in formula 1 and formula 1A 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 、W 6 、W 11 To W 18 、W 80 、W 80a And W is 80b Ii) R in formula 2-1, formula 2-2 and formulae 3-1 to 3-5 51 To R 57 、R 57a 、R 57b 、R 71 To R 74 、R 81 To R 85 、R 82a 、R 82b 、R 83a 、R 83b 、R 84a And R is 84b And iii) R 10a Each may independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups or C 1 -C 20 An alkoxy group;
each of which is deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD 3 、-CD 2 H、-CDH 2 、-CF 3 、-CF 2 H、-CFH 2 Hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C 1 -C 10 Alkyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, cycloheptyl groups, cyclooctyl groups, adamantyl groups, norbornyl groups, norbornenyl groups C substituted with a group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group, pyridinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups or C 1 -C 20 An alkoxy group;
each unsubstituted or deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD 3 、-CD 2 H、-CDH 2 、-CF 3 、-CF 2 H、-CFH 2 Hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, cycloheptyl groups, cyclooctyl groups, adamantyl groups, norbornyl groups, norbornenyl groups, cyclopentenyl groups, cyclohexenyl groups, cycloheptenyl groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, C 1 -C 10 An alkylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group,A phenyl group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzisoxazolyl group, a benzotriazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, a O (Q) 31 )、-S(Q 31 )、-Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(＝O)(Q 31 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 31 )、-P(＝O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) Or any combination thereof, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 Alkylphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, phenanthryl groups, anthracyl groups, fluoranthenyl groups, benzophenanthryl groups, pyrenyl groups,>a pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothienyl group, benzisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, azadibenzofuranyl group, azafluorenyl group, or a benzothienyl group represented by 91; or alternatively
-C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-N(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-B(Q 1 )(Q 2 )、-C(＝O)(Q 1 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 1 ) or-P (=O) (Q 1 )(Q 2 ) And (b)
Q 1 To Q 3 And Q 31 To Q 33 Each may independently be:
-CH 3 、-CD 3 、-CD 2 H、-CDH 2 、-CH 2 CH 3 、-CH 2 CD 3 、-CH 2 CD 2 H、-CH 2 CDH 2 、-CHDCH 3 、-CHDCD 2 H、-CHDCDH 2 、-CHDCD 3 、-CD 2 CD 3 、-CD 2 CD 2 h or-CD 2 CDH 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or alternatively
Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, C 1 -C 10 An alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof:
91, of a pair of rollers
Wherein, in the formula 91,
ring CY 91 And a ring CY 92 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 5 -C 30 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 30 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
X 91 can be a single bond, O, S, N (R) 91 )、B(R 91 )、C(R 91a )(R 91b ) Or Si (R) 91a )(R 91b )，R 91 、R 91a And R is 91b Respectively with respect to R 82 、R 82a And R is 82b The same is described with respect to the case,
R 10a as described in the present specification
* May represent a binding site to an adjacent atom.
For example, in the formula 91,
ring CY 91 And a ring CY 92 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine or triazine groups, and
R 91 、R 91a and R is 91b Each may independently be:
hydrogen or C 1 -C 10 An alkyl group; or alternatively
Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, C 1 -C 10 An alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, i) W in formula 1, formula 1-1 to formula 1-3, and formula 1A 1 、W 2 、W 31 、W 32 、W 33 、W 5 、W 6 、W 11 To W 18 、W 80 、W 80a And W is 80b Ii) R in formula 2-1, formula 2-2 and formulae 3-1 to 3-5 51 To R 57 、R 57a 、R 57b 、R 71 To R 74 、R 81 To R 85 、R 82a 、R 82b 、R 83a 、R 83b 、R 84a And R is 84b And iii) R 10a Can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, cyano groups, nitro groups, -CH 3 、-CD 3 、-CD 2 H、-CDH 2 、-CF 3 、-CF 2 H、-CFH 2 One of the formulae 9-1 to 9-19A group represented by the species, -C (Q) 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 )、-Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ) or-P (=O) (Q 1 )(Q 2 ) (wherein Q 1 To Q 3 Each identical to that described in the specification) (wherein R 10a Not hydrogen):
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wherein, in formulas 9-1 to 9-19 and formulas 10-1 to 10-246, the binding site to the adjacent atom, the "Ph" represents a phenyl group, and the "TMS" represents a trimethylsilyl group.
A71 to a74 in the formulae 3-1 to 3-5 respectively represent L 71 Number of (3) to L 74 And may each independently be an integer of 0 to 20. When a is71 is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two R 71 May be the same or different from each other, when a72 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more R 72 May be the same or different from each other, when a73 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more R 73 May be the same or different from each other, and when a74 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more R' s 74 May be the same or different from each other. a71 to a74 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 8.
In formula 1, i) W is b1 in number 1 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, ii) W in an amount b2 2 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, iii) W 31 To W 33 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, iv) W in an amount of b5 5 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and v) W in an amount b6 6 Two or more of which may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group.
L in the formulae 3-1 to 3-5 81 To L 85 Can each independently be：
A single bond;
*-C(Q 4 )(Q 5 ) -' or-Si (Q) 4 )(Q 5 ) A method for producing a composite material x-ray', wherein each of the terms "and" refer to a binding site to an adjacent atom; or alternatively
Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, pyridyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, triazinyl groups, fluorenyl groups, dimethylfluorenyl groups, diphenylfluorenyl groups, carbazolyl groups, phenylcarbazolyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, dibenzothienyl groups, dibenzosilol groups, dimethyldibenzosilol groups, diphenyldibenzosilol groups, -O (Q) 31 )、-S(Q 31 )、-Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(＝O)(Q 31 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 31 )、-P(＝O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) Or any combination thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group,Groups, cyclopentadiene groups, furan groups, thiophene groups, silole groups, indene groups, fluorene groups, indole groups, carbazole groups, benzofuran groups, dibenzofuran groups, benzothiophene groups, dibenzothiophene groups, benzothiophene groups, dibenzosilole groups, azafluorene groups, azacarbazole groups, azadibenzofuran groups, azadibenzothiophene groups, an azadibenzosilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline groups, pyrrole groups, pyrazole groups, imidazole groups, triazole groups, oxazole groups, isoxazole groups, thiazole groups, isothiazole groups, oxadiazole groups, thiadiazole groupsA group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group or a benzothiadiazole group, and
Q 4 、Q 5 and Q 31 To Q 33 Can be hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group.
In one or more embodiments, the compounds of formulas 3-1 and 3-2 are represented byThe group represented may be a group represented by one of the formulas CY71-1 (1) to CY71-1 (8),
the formula 3-1 and formula 3-3 are represented byThe group represented may be a group represented by one of the formulas CY71-2 (1) to CY71-2 (8),
the formula 3-2 and formula 3-4The group represented may be a group represented by one of the formulas CY71-3 (1) to CY71-3 (32), and ∈>
The formula 3-3 is represented by formula 3-5The group represented may be a group represented by one of the formulas CY71-4 (1) to CY71-4 (32), and/or
Of formulae 3 to 5The group represented may be a group represented by one of the formulas CY71-5 (1) to CY71-5 (8): />
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Wherein in the formulae CY71-1 (1) to CY71-1 (8), CY71-2 (1) to CY71-2 (8), CY71-3 (1) to CY71-3 (32), CY71-4 (1) to CY71-4 (32) and CY71-5 (1) to CY71-5 (8),
X 81 to X 85 、L 81 、b81、R 81 And R is 85 Each of which is the same as that described in the specification,
X 86 can be a single bond, O, S, N (R) 86 )、B(R 86 )、C(R 86a )(R 86b ) Or Si (R) 86a )(R 86b )，X 87 Can be a single bond, O, S, N (R) 87 )、B(R 87 )、C(R 87a )(R 87b ) Or Si (R) 87a )(R 87b )，
In the formulae CY71-1 (1) to CY71-1 (8) and CY71-4 (1) to CY71-4 (32), X 86 And X 87 May not be single bonds at the same time,
X 88 can be a single bond, O, S, N (R) 88 )、B(R 88 )、C(R 88a )(R 88b ) Or Si (R) 88a )(R 88b )，X 89 Can be a single bond, O, S, N (R) 89 )、B(R 89 )、C(R 89a )(R 89b ) Or Si (R) 89a )(R 89b )，
In the formulae CY71-2 (1) to CY71-2 (8), CY71-3 (1) to CY71-3 (32) and CY71-5 (1) to CY71-5 (8), X 88 And X 89 Each of which may not be a single bond at the same time, an
R 86 To R 89 、R 86a 、R 86b 、R 87a 、R 87b 、R 88a 、R 88b 、R 89a And R is 89b Each and related to R 81 The description is the same.
Examples of compounds
In an embodiment, the first emitter or the organometallic compound represented by formula 1 or formula 1A may be one of compounds D1 to D16:
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in one or more embodiments, the amine-containing compound may be one of compounds C1 to C14:
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[ description of FIG. 1 ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The light emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, a second electrode 150, and a second cover layer 170.
Hereinafter, a structure of the light emitting device 10 and a method of manufacturing the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1.
[ first electrode 110]
Referring to fig. 1, the substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 110 or over the second capping layer 170. As the substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate can be used. In one or more embodiments, the substrate may be a flexible substrate, and may comprise a plastic having excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.
The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a material used to form the first electrode 110 may be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.
The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a transflective electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO) 2 ) Zinc oxide (ZnO) or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.
The first electrode 110 may have a single layer structure composed of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.
Intermediate layer 130
The intermediate layer 130 is disposed on the first electrode 110. The intermediate layer 130 includes an emission layer.
The intermediate layer 130 may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode 150.
The intermediate layer 130 may further include a metal-containing compound (e.g., an organometallic compound), an inorganic material (e.g., quantum dots), etc., in addition to various organic materials.
The intermediate layer 130 may include i) two or more emission units sequentially stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between two adjacent emission units. When the intermediate layer 130 includes the emission unit and the charge generation layer as described above, the light emitting device 10 may be a tandem light emitting device.
[ hole transport region in intermediate layer 130 ]
The hole transport region may have: i) A single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.
The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.
For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure including a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, the layers of each structure being stacked in order from the first electrode 110.
The hole transport region may comprise a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof:
201, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device
202, respectively
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Wherein, in the formulas 201 and 202,
L 201 to L 204 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted bivalentC 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
L 205 can be-O ', -S', -N (Q 201 ) Unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 20 Alkylene groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 20 An alkenylene group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and each of which refers to a binding site to an adjacent atom,
xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5,
xa5 may be an integer from 1 to 10,
R 201 to R 204 And Q 201 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
R 201 and R is 202 Can optionally be via a single bond, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 5 The alkenylene groups are linked to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 8 -C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole groups, etc.) (see, e.g., compound HT 16),
R 203 and R is 204 Can optionally be via a single bond, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 2 -C 5 The alkenylene groups are linked to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 8 -C 60 Polycyclic group
na1 may be an integer of 1 to 4 and R 10a Can be used forAs described herein.
For example, each of formulas 201 and 202 may contain at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY 217:
wherein, in the formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b And R is 10c Each and related to R 10a The same is described for ring CY 201 To ring CY 204 Can each independently be C 3 -C 20 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 20 A heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen of the formulae CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or R 10a Substituted, and R 10a May be the same as described herein.
In embodiments, a cyclic CY in formulas CY201 through CY217 201 To ring CY 204 May each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, or an anthracene group.
In one or more embodiments, each of formulas 201 and 202 may comprise at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 through CY 203.
In one or more embodiments, formula 201 may comprise at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY 217.
In one or more embodiments, xa1 in formula 201 may be 1, r 201 May be a group represented by one of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 may be 0, and R 202 May be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY 207.
In one or more embodiments, each of formulas 201 and 202 may not include a group represented by one of formulas CY201 to CY 203.
In one or more embodiments, each of formulas 201 and 202 may not include a group represented by one of formulas CY201 to CY203, and may include at least one of groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY 217.
In one or more embodiments, each of formulas 201 and 202 may not include a group represented by one of formulas CY201 to CY 217.
For example, the hole transport region may comprise one of the compounds HT1 through HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β -NPB, TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4' -tris (N-carbazolyl) triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), or any combination thereof:
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The thickness of the hole transport region may be aboutTo about->For example, about->To about->When the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the hole injection layer may be about the thickness ofTo about->For example about->To about->And the thickness of the hole transport layer may be about +.>To about->For example about->To about->When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.
The emission auxiliary layer may increase light emission efficiency by compensating an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer may block leakage of electrons from the emission layer to the hole transport region. The material that may be contained in the hole transport region may be contained in the emission assistance layer and the electron blocking layer.
[ p-dopant ]
In addition to the materials described above, the hole transport region may further include a charge generating material for improving conductive properties. The charge generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer composed of the charge generating material).
The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant.
For example, the LUMO level of the p-dopant may be-3.5 eV or less than-3.5 eV.
In embodiments, the p-dopant may include quinone derivatives, cyano group-containing compounds, compounds containing element EL1 and element EL2, or any combination thereof.
Examples of the quinone derivative may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, and the like.
Examples of the cyano group-containing compound may include HAT-CN, a compound represented by formula 221, and the like:
221 of a pair of rollers
Wherein, in the formula 221,
R 221 to R 223 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, and R 10a May be the same as described herein
R 221 To R 223 Each of which may independently be a cyano group; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; c substituted with cyano groups, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 1 -C 20 An alkyl group; or any combination thereof 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group.
In the compound containing the element EL1 and the element EL2, the element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, and the element EL2 may be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof.
Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.; post-transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); and lanthanide metals (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).
Examples of metalloids may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).
Examples of nonmetallic materials may include oxygen (O) and halogen (e.g., F, cl, br, I, etc.).
For example, the compound containing the elements EL1 and EL2 may include a metal oxide, a metal halide (e.g., metal fluoride, metal chloride, metal bromide, metal iodide, etc.), a metalloid halide (e.g., metalloid fluoride, metalloid chloride, metalloid bromide, metalloid iodide, etc.), a metal telluride, or any combination thereof.
Examples of the metal oxide may include tungsten oxide (e.g., WO, W 2 O 3 、WO 2 、WO 3 、W 2 O 5 Etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V 2 O 3 、VO 2 、V 2 O 5 Etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., moO, mo 2 O 3 、MoO 2 、MoO 3 、Mo 2 O 5 Etc.) and rhenium oxide (e.g., reO 3 Etc.).
Examples of the metal halide may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and lanthanide metal halides.
Examples of the alkali metal halide may include LiF, naF, KF, rbF, csF, liCl, naCl, KCl, rbCl, csCl, liBr, naBr, KBr, rbBr, csBr, liI, naI, KI, rbI and CsI.
Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF 2 、MgF 2 、CaF 2 、SrF 2 、BaF 2 、BeCl 2 、MgCl 2 、CaCl 2 、SrCl 2 、BaCl 2 、BeBr 2 、MgBr 2 、CaBr 2 、SrBr 2 、BaBr 2 、BeI 2 、MgI 2 、CaI 2 、SrI 2 And BaI 2 。
Examples of transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., tiF 4 、TiCl 4 、TiBr 4 、TiI 4 Etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., zrF 4 、ZrCl 4 、ZrBr 4 、ZrI 4 Etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., hfF 4 、HfCl 4 、HfBr 4 、HfI 4 Etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF 3 、VCl 3 、VBr 3 、VI 3 Etc.), niobium halides (e.g., nbF 3 、NbCl 3 、NbBr 3 、NbI 3 Etc.), tantalum halides (e.g., taF 3 、TaCl 3 、TaBr 3 、TaI 3 Etc.), chromium halides (e.g., crF 3 、CrCl 3 、CrBr 3 、CrI 3 Etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., moF 3 、MoCl 3 、MoBr 3 、MoI 3 Etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF 3 、WCl 3 、WBr 3 、WI 3 Etc.), manganese halides (e.g., mnF 2 、MnCl 2 、MnBr 2 、MnI 2 Etc.), technetium halides (e.g., tcF 2 、TcCl 2 、TcBr 2 、TcI 2 Etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ref 2 、ReCl 2 、ReBr 2 、ReI 2 Etc.), iron halides (e.g., feF 2 、FeCl 2 、FeBr 2 、FeI 2 Etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., ruF 2 、RuCl 2 、RuBr 2 、RuI 2 Etc.), osmium halides (e.g., osF 2 、OsCl 2 、OsBr 2 、OsI 2 Etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., coF 2 、CoCl 2 、CoBr 2 、CoI 2 Etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., rhF 2 、RhCl 2 、RhBr 2 、RhI 2 Etc.), iridium halides (e.g., irF 2 、IrCl 2 、IrBr 2 、IrI 2 Etc.), nickel halides (e.g., niF 2 、NiCl 2 、NiBr 2 、NiI 2 Etc.), palladium halides (e.g., pdF 2 、PdCl 2 、PdBr 2 、PdI 2 Etc.), platinum halides (e.g., ptF 2 、PtCl 2 、PtBr 2 、PtI 2 Etc.), copper halides (e.g., cuF, cuCl, cuBr, cuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., agF, agCl, agBr, agI, etc.), and gold halides (e.g., auF, auCl, auBr, auI, etc.).
Examples of late transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., znF 2 、ZnCl 2 、ZnBr 2 、ZnI 2 Etc.), indium halides (e.g., inI 3 Etc.) and tin halides (e.g., snI 2 Etc.).
Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, ybF 2 、YbF 3 、SmF 3 、YbCl、YbCl 2 、YbCl 3 、SmCl 3 、YbBr、YbBr 2 、YbBr 3 、SmBr 3 、YbI、YbI 2 、YbI 3 And SmI 3 。
Examples of metalloid halides may include antimony halides (e.g., sbCl 5 Etc.).
Examples of the metal telluride may include alkali metal telluride (e.g., li 2 Te、Na 2 Te、K 2 Te、Rb 2 Te、Cs 2 Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal telluride (e.g., beTe, mgTe, caTe, srTe, baTe, etc.), transition metal telluride (e.g., tiTe 2 、ZrTe 2 、HfTe 2 、V 2 Te 3 、Nb 2 Te 3 、Ta 2 Te 3 、Cr 2 Te 3 、Mo 2 Te 3 、W 2 Te 3 、MnTe、TcTe、ReTe、FeTe、RuTe、OsTe、CoTe、RhTe、IrTe、NiTe、PdTe、PtTe、Cu 2 Te、CuTe、Ag 2 Te、AgTe、Au 2 Te, etc.), late transition metal telluride (e.g., znTe, etc.), and lanthanide metal telluride (e.g., laTe, ceTe, prTe, ndTe, pmTe, euTe, gdTe, tbTe, dyTe, hoTe, erTe, tmTe, ybTe, luTe, etc.).
[ emissive layer in intermediate layer 130 ]
When the light emitting device 10 is a full color light emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer according to the sub-pixels. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with each other or separated from each other to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a structure in which two or more of a red-emitting material, a green-emitting material, and a blue-emitting material are mixed with each other in a single layer, and thus emit white light.
In embodiments, the emissive layer may further comprise a host, an auxiliary dopant, a sensitizer, a delayed fluorescence material, or any combination thereof, in addition to the first emitter as described in the present specification.
When the emission layer further includes a host in addition to the first emitter, the amount of the first emitter may be about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host.
The thickness of the emissive layer may be aboutTo about->For example about->To about->When the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.
[ Main body ]
The host in the emissive layer may include an electron transport compound described in the present specification (see, for example, a compound represented by formula 2-1 or formula 2-2), a hole transport compound described in the present specification (see, for example, a compound represented by one of formulas 3-1 to 3-5), or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a late transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. For example, the host may include Be complex (e.g., compound H55), mg complex, zn complex, or any combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the host may include one of compound H1 to compound H130, 9, 10-bis (2-naphthyl) Anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9, 10-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene (MADN), 9, 10-bis (2-naphthyl) -2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4 '-bis (N-carbazolyl) -1,1' -biphenyl (CBP), 1, 3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene (mCP), 1,3, 5-tris (carbazol-9-yl) benzene (TCP), or any combination thereof:
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In one or more embodiments, the host may include a silicon-containing compound, a phosphine oxide-containing compound, or any combination thereof.
The body may have various modifications. For example, the body may comprise only one kind of compound, or may comprise two or more kinds of different compounds.
[ phosphorescent dopant ]
The emissive layer may comprise a first emitter as described in the present specification as phosphorescent dopant.
In one or more embodiments, the emissive layer may further comprise an organometallic compound represented by formula 401 in addition to the first emitter as described in the present specification:
401
M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2
402 of the following kind
Wherein, in the formulas 401 and 402,
m may be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)),
L 401 may be a ligand represented by formula 402, and xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 401 May be the same as or different from each other,
L 402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L' s 402 May be the same as or different from each other,
X 401 and X 402 May each independently be nitrogen or carbon,
ring A 401 And ring A 402 Can each independently be C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group or C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
T 401 can be a single bond, —o ', -S', -C (=o) -, -N (Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )＝C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 ) Either = 'or = C =, and each of = and =' refers to a binding site with an adjacent atom,
X 403 and X 404 Can each independently be a chemical bond (e.g., covalent or coordinate), O, S, N (Q 413 )、B(Q 413 )、P(Q 413 )、C(Q 413 )(Q 414 ) Or Si (Q) 413 )(Q 414 )，
Q 411 To Q 414 Each and about Q 1 The same is described with respect to the case,
R 401 and R is 402 Can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 20 Alkyl radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si (Q) 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-C(＝O)(Q 401 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 401 ) or-P (=O) (Q 401 )(Q 402 )，
Q 401 To Q 403 Each and about Q 1 Is the same as described, and R 10a May be the same as described herein,
xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10, and
each of the formulae 402 and 401 represents a binding site to M in formula 401.
For example, in formula 402, i) X 401 May be nitrogen, and X 402 May be carbon, or ii) X 401 And X 402 May be nitrogen.
In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in formula 401 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 401 Two rings A in (a) 401 Optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected to each other, or two rings A 402 Optionally via T as a linking group 403 Are linked to each other (see compound PD1 to compound PD4 and compound PD 7). T (T) 402 And T 403 Each and related to T 401 The description is the same.
L in formula 401 402 May be an organic ligand. For example, L 402 May include halogen groups, diketone groups (e.g., acetylacetonate groups), carboxylic acid groups (e.g., picolinate groups), -C (=o), isonitrile groups, -CN, phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., phosphine groups, phosphite groups, etc.), or any combination thereof.
[ fluorescent dopant ]
The emissive layer may further comprise a fluorescent dopant in addition to the first emitter as described in the present specification.
The fluorescent dopant may include an aryl amine compound, a styryl amine compound, a boron-containing compound, or any combination thereof.
For example, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by formula 501:
501, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device
Wherein, in the formula 501,
Ar 501 、R 501 And R is 502 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, L 501 To L 503 Can each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, and R 10a May be the same as described herein,
xd1 to xd3 can each independently be 0, 1, 2 or 3, and
xd4 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
For example, ar in formula 501 501 May be a condensed cyclic group in which three or more monocyclic groups are condensed with each other (e.g., an anthracene group,A group, a pyrene group, etc.).
In one or more embodiments, xd4 in formula 501 may be 2.
For example, the fluorescent dopant may include one of compounds FD1 to FD36, DPVBi, DPAVBi, or any combination thereof:
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[ delayed fluorescent Material ]
The emissive layer may further comprise a delayed fluorescent material.
In the present specification, the delayed fluorescent material may be selected from compounds capable of emitting delayed fluorescent light based on a delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.
Depending on the type of other materials contained in the emissive layer, the delayed fluorescent material contained in the emissive layer may act as a host or dopant.
In an embodiment, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material may be equal to or greater than 0eV and equal to or less than 0.5eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material satisfies the above-described range, up-conversion of the delayed fluorescent material from the triplet state to the singlet state may effectively occur, and thus the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device 10 may be improved.
For example, the delayed fluorescent material may include i) a fluorescent material containing at least one electron donor (e.g., pi-electron rich C 3 -C 60 Cyclic groups, e.g. carbazole groups) and at least one electron acceptor (e.g. sulfoxide groups, cyano groups, pi-electron deficient nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60 Cyclic groups, etc.), and ii) a material comprising a group wherein two or more cyclic groups are condensed and boron (B) is simultaneously shared 8 -C 60 Materials with polycyclic groups.
Examples of the delayed fluorescent material may include at least one of the compounds DF1 to DF 14:
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[ Quantum dots ]
The emissive layer may comprise quantum dots.
The term "quantum dot" as used herein refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound, and may include any suitable material capable of emitting light of various suitable emission wavelengths depending on the size of the crystal.
The diameter of the quantum dots may be, for example, from about 1nm to about 10nm.
The quantum dots may be synthesized by wet chemical processes, metal organic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, and/or any suitable process similar thereto.
Wet chemical processes are methods that include mixing precursor materials with an organic solvent and then growing crystals of quantum dot particles. When crystals grow, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the growth of the crystals so that the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled by a process that is easier to perform and has low cost than vapor deposition methods such as Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) or Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE).
The quantum dots may include: a group II-VI semiconductor compound; a group III-V semiconductor compound; a group III-VI semiconductor compound; a group I-III-VI semiconductor compound; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.
Examples of the group II-VI semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds such as CdS, cdSe, cdTe, znS, znSe, znTe, znO, hgS, hgSe, hgTe, mgSe and/or MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, cdSeTe, cdSTe, znSeS, znSeTe, znSTe, hgSeS, hgSeTe, hgSTe, cdZnS, cdZnSe, cdZnTe, cdHgS, cdHgSe, cdHgTe, hgZnS, hgZnSe, hgZnTe, mgZnSe and/or MgZnS; quaternary compounds, such as CdZnSeS, cdZnSeTe, cdZnSTe, cdHgSeS, cdHgSeTe, cdHgSTe, hgZnSeS, hgZnSeTe and/or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.
Examples of the group III-V semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds such as GaN, gaP, gaAs, gaSb, alN, alP, alAs, alSb, inN, inP, inAs and/or InSb; ternary compounds, such as GaNP, gaNAs, gaNSb, gaPAs, gaPSb, alNP, alNAs, alNSb, alPAs, alPSb, inGaP, inNP, inAlP, inNAs, inNSb, inPAs and/or InPSb; quaternary compounds, such as GaAlNP, gaAlNAs, gaAlNSb, gaAlPAs, gaAlPSb, gaInNP, gaInNAs, gaInNSb, gaInPAs, gaInPSb, inAlNP, inAlNAs, inAlNSb, inAlPAs and/or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In embodiments, the group III-V semiconductor compound may further include a group II element. Examples of the group III-V semiconductor compound further including the group II element may include InZnP, inGaZnP and InAlZnP.
Examples of the group III-VI semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds, e.g. GaS, gaSe, ga 2 Se 3 、GaTe、InS、InSe、In 2 S 3 、In 2 Se 3 And/or inet; ternary compounds, e.g. InGaS 3 And/or InGaSe 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or any combination thereof.
Examples of the group I-III-VI semiconductor compound may include: ternary compounds, e.g. AgInS, agInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 And/or AgAlO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or any combination thereof.
Examples of the IV-VI semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds such as SnS, snSe, snTe, pbS, pbSe and/or PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, snSeTe, snSTe, pbSeS, pbSeTe, pbSTe, snPbS, snPbSe and/or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds, such as SnPbSSe, snPbSeTe and/or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.
The group IV element or compound may include: a single element, such as Si or Ge; binary compounds such as SiC and/or SiGe; or any combination thereof.
Each element contained in the multi-component compound (e.g., binary compound, ternary compound, and quaternary compound) may be present in the particles in a uniform concentration or in a non-uniform concentration.
The quantum dots may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dots is uniform (e.g., substantially uniform), or a core-shell double structure. For example, the material contained in the core and the material contained in the shell may be different from each other.
The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer to prevent or reduce chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties and/or as a charge layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases in a direction toward the center of the core.
Examples of shells of quantum dots may include oxides of metals, metalloids, and/or non-metals, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. Examples of metal, metalloid and/or non-metal oxides may include binary compounds, such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 、Mn 3 O 4 、CuO、FeO、Fe 2 O 3 、Fe 3 O 4 、CoO、Co 3 O 4 And/or NiO; ternary compounds, e.g. MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 And/or CoMn 2 O 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Or any combination thereof. Examples of the semiconductor compound may include group II-VI semiconductor compounds as described herein; a group III-V semiconductor compound; a group III-VI semiconductor compound; a group I-III-VI semiconductor compound; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, cdSe, cdTe, znS, znSe, znTe, znSeS, znTeS, gaAs, gaP, gaSb, hgS, hgSe, hgTe, inAs, inP, inGaP, inSb, alAs, alP, alSb or any combination thereof.
The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot may be about 45nm or less, for example about 40nm or less than 40nm, for example about 30nm or less than 30nm, and within these ranges, color purity and/or color reproducibility may be improved. Furthermore, since light emitted by the quantum dots is emitted in all directions (e.g., substantially all directions), the viewing angle of the light can be improved.
Furthermore, the quantum dots may be in the form of spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, or cubic nanoparticles; nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, and/or nanoplates.
Since the band gap can be adjusted by controlling the size of the quantum dot, light having various suitable wavelength bands can be obtained from the emission layer including the quantum dot. Thus, by using quantum dots of different sizes, a light emitting device that emits light of various suitable wavelengths can be realized. In more detail, the size of the quantum dots may be selected to emit red, green, and/or blue light. Further, the size of the quantum dots may be configured to emit white light by combining light of various suitable colors.
[ Electron transport region in intermediate layer 130 ]
The electron transport region may have: i) A single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.
The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, the constituent layers of each of which are stacked in order from the emission layer.
The electron transport region (e.g., buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may comprise a nitrogen-containing C containing at least one pi-deficient electron 1 -C 60 Metal-free compounds of cyclic groups.
For example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601:
601 and method for manufacturing the same
[Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21
Wherein, in the formula 601,
Ar 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group, and L 601 May be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group which is a heterocyclic group,
xe11 may be 1, 2 or 3,
xe1 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
R 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si (Q) 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 )、-C(＝O)(Q 601 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 601 ) or-P (=O) (Q 601 )(Q 602 )，Q 601 To Q 603 Each and about Q 1 The same is described with respect to the case,
xe21 may be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and R 10a May be the same as described herein
Ar 601 、L 601 And R is 601 At least one of which may each independently be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted pi electron deficient nitrogen (divalent) C 1 -C 60 A cyclic group.
For example, when xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more Ar' s 601 Can be connected to each other via a single bond.
In one or more embodiments, ar in formula 601 601 May be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may comprise a compound represented by formula 601-1:
601-1
Wherein, in the formula 601-1,
X 614 can be N or C (R 614 )，X 615 Can be N or C (R 615 )，X 616 Can be N or C (R 616 ) And X is 614 To X 616 At least one of which may be N,
L 611 to L 613 Each and with respect to L 601 The same is described with respect to the case,
xe611 to xe613 are each the same as described in relation to xe1,
R 611 to R 613 Each and related to R 601 The same as described
R 614 To R 616 Can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy radicals, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups being either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, and R 10a May be the same as described herein.
For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in formula 601 and formula 601-1 may each be independently 0, 1 or 2.
The electron transport region may comprise compounds ET1 to ET46, 2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (Bphen), alq 3 One of, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:
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the thickness of the electron transport region may be aboutTo about->For example about->To about->When the electron transport region comprises a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be about>To about->For example about->To aboutAnd the thickness of the electron transport layer may be about +.>To about->For example about->To about->When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and/or the electron transport region are within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.
In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further comprise a metal-containing material.
The metal-containing material may include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex may Be Li ion, na ion, K ion, rb ion or Cs ion, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex may Be ion, mg ion, ca ion, sr ion or Ba ion. The ligand that coordinates to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or alkaline earth metal complex may include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.
For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, the compound ET-D1 (Liq) or the compound ET-D2:
the electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.
The electron injection layer may have: i) A single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.
The electron injection layer may comprise an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.
The alkali metal may include Li, na, K, rb, cs or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, ca, sr, ba or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, ce, tb, yb, gd or any combination thereof.
The alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and rare earth metal-containing compound may be an oxide, halide (e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, etc.), or telluride of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.
The alkali metal-containing compound may include an alkali metal oxide, such as Li 2 O、Cs 2 O or K 2 O; alkali metal halides, such as LiF, naF, csF, KF, liI, naI, csI, KI or RbI; or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound may include an alkaline earth metal oxide, e.g. BaO, srO, caO, ba x Sr 1-x O (wherein x is 0<x<A real number of the condition 1), or Ba x Ca 1-x O (wherein x is 0<x<A real number of the condition 1). The rare earth metal-containing compound may include YbF 3 、ScF 3 、Sc 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、Ce 2 O 3 、GdF 3 、TbF 3 、YbI 3 、ScI 3 、TbI 3 Or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the rare earth metal-containing compound may include a lanthanide metal telluride. Examples of lanthanide metal telluride may include LaTe, ceTe, prTe, ndTe, pmTe, smTe, euTe, gdTe, tbTe, dyTe, hoTe, erTe, tmTe, ybTe, luTe, la 2 Te 3 、Ce 2 Te 3 、Pr 2 Te 3 、Nd 2 Te 3 、Pm 2 Te 3 、Sm 2 Te 3 、Eu 2 Te 3 、Gd 2 Te 3 、Tb 2 Te 3 、Dy 2 Te 3 、Ho 2 Te 3 、Er 2 Te 3 、Tm 2 Te 3 、Yb 2 Te 3 And Lu 2 Te 3 。
The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex may comprise i) one of the metal ions of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal, and ii) a ligand attached to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.
The electron injection layer may be composed of: the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by formula 601).
In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may consist of: i) An alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI: yb co-deposited layer, a RbI: yb co-deposited layer, a LiF: yb co-deposited layer, or the like.
When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix including the organic material.
The thickness of the electron injection layer may be aboutTo about->For example, about->To about->When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within this range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.
[ second electrode 150]
The second electrode 150 is disposed on the intermediate layer 130. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, and the material for forming the second electrode 150 may include metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.
The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode.
The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers.
Second cover layer 170
The second capping layer 170 comprises an amine-containing compound as described in this specification. The amine-containing compounds are the same as described in this specification.
[ electronic device ]
The light emitting device may be included in various electronic apparatuses. For example, the electronic device including the light emitting apparatus may be a light emitting device, an authentication device, or the like.
In addition to the light emitting apparatus, the electronic device (e.g., light emitting device) may further include: i) A color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and/or the color conversion layer may be arranged in at least one direction in which light emitted from the light emitting device travels. For example, the light emitted from the light emitting device may be blue light, green light, or white light. The light emitting device is the same as described above. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may comprise quantum dots.
The electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions respectively corresponding to the sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions respectively corresponding to the sub-pixel regions.
The pixel defining layer may be disposed between the sub-pixel regions to define each of the sub-pixel regions.
The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light shielding pattern disposed between the color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light shielding pattern disposed between the color conversion regions.
The color filter region (or color conversion region) may include a first region that emits first color light, a second region that emits second color light, and/or a third region that emits third color light, and the first, second, and/or third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third-color light may be blue light. For example, the color filter region (or color conversion region) may contain quantum dots. In detail, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may include no quantum dots. The quantum dots are the same as described in this specification. Each of the first region, the second region, and/or the third region may further comprise a scatterer.
For example, the light emitting device may emit first light, the first region may absorb the first light to emit first color light, the second region may absorb the first light to emit second first color light, and the third region may absorb the first light to emit third first color light. In this regard, the first, second, and third first color lights may have different maximum emission wavelengths. In detail, the first light may be blue light, the first color light may be red light, the second first color light may be green light, and the third first color light may be blue light.
The electronic device may further include a thin film transistor in addition to the light emitting device as described above. The thin film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of a first electrode and a second electrode of the light emitting device.
The thin film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, and the like.
The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like.
The electronic apparatus may further include a sealing part for sealing the light emitting device. The sealing part may be disposed between the color filter and/or the color conversion layer and the light emitting device. The sealing part allows light from the light emitting device to be extracted to the outside while preventing ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing part may be a thin film encapsulation layer including at least one of an organic layer and an inorganic layer. When the seal is a thin film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.
Depending on the use of the electronic device, various functional layers may be additionally arranged on the sealing part in addition to the color filter and/or the color conversion layer. Examples of functional layers may include touch screen layers, polarizing layers, and the like. The touch screen layer may be a pressure sensitive touch screen layer, a capacitive touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer. The verification device may be a biometric verification device that verifies an individual, for example, by using biometric information (e.g., a fingertip, a pupil, etc.) of a living being.
The authentication apparatus may further include a biometric information collector in addition to the light emitting device as described above.
The electronic device may be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notepads, electronic dictionaries, electronic game machines, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure meters, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring apparatuses, pulse wave measuring apparatuses, electrocardiograph displays, ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses, or endoscope displays), fish probes, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., meters for vehicles, aircrafts, and ships), projectors, and the like.
[ description of FIGS. 2 and 3 ]
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device as one of the electronic devices according to the embodiment.
The light emitting apparatus of fig. 2 includes a substrate 100, a Thin Film Transistor (TFT), a light emitting device, and a package part 300 sealing the light emitting device.
The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. The buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and may provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.
The TFT may be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.
The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor (e.g., silicon or polysilicon), an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.
A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the gate insulating film 230.
An interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on the gate electrode 240. An interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to provide insulation therebetween.
The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source and drain regions of the active layer 220, and the source and drain electrodes 260 and 270 may be disposed in contact with the exposed portions of the source and drain regions of the active layer 220.
The TFT may be electrically connected to the light emitting device to drive the light emitting device, and may be covered by the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. A light emitting device is provided on the passivation layer 280. The light emitting device includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.
The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be disposed to expose a portion of the drain electrode 270, not entirely cover the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed to be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.
A pixel defining layer 290 including an insulating material may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose a portion of the first electrode 110, and the intermediate layer 130 may be formed in the exposed portion of the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide or a polyacrylic acid organic film. Although not shown in fig. 2, at least some layers of the intermediate layer 130 may extend beyond an upper portion of the pixel defining layer 290 to be arranged in the form of a common layer.
The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the intermediate layer 130, and a second capping layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The second capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.
The encapsulation 300 may be disposed on the second cover layer 170. The encapsulation part 300 may be disposed on the light emitting device to protect the light emitting device from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation part 300 may include: an inorganic film comprising silicon nitride (SiN x ) Silicon oxide (SiO) x ) Indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic-based resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy-based resins (e.g., aliphatic Glycidyl Ethers (AGEs), etc.), or any combination thereof; or inorganicA combination of a membrane and an organic membrane.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device as one of electronic devices according to another embodiment.
The light emitting device of fig. 3 is the same as that of fig. 2, but the light shielding pattern 500 and the functional region 400 are additionally arranged on the encapsulation part 300. The functional area 400 may be i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In an embodiment, the light emitting device included in the light emitting apparatus of fig. 3 may be a tandem light emitting device.
[ description of FIG. 4 ]
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device 1 including a light emitting device according to an embodiment. The electronic apparatus 1 is a device that displays a moving image or a still image, and may include a portable electronic apparatus such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet Personal Computer (PC), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic organizer, an electronic book, a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation apparatus, or an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), and various products such as a television, a laptop, a monitor, a signboard, or an internet of things (IOT) apparatus, or parts thereof. Furthermore, the electronic device 1 may be a wearable device, such as a smart watch, a watch phone, a glasses type display or a Head Mounted Display (HMD), or a component thereof. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the electronic device 1 may be an instrument panel of a vehicle, a Central Information Display (CID) arranged on a central panel or on an instrument panel of the vehicle, an indoor mirror display replacing a side view mirror of the vehicle, an entertainment display for a rear seat of the vehicle or a display arranged on a rear surface of a front seat, a head-up display (HUD) mounted in front of the vehicle or projected on a front window glass, or a computer generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, fig. 4 shows a case in which the electronic apparatus 1 is a smart phone.
The electronic apparatus 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The electronic apparatus 1 may realize an image by an array of a plurality of pixels two-dimensionally arranged in the display area DA.
The non-display area NDA is an area in which no image is displayed and may completely surround the display area DA. A driver for supplying an electric signal or power to the display device disposed in the display area DA may be disposed in the non-display area NDA. Pads, which are areas to which electronic components or printed circuit boards may be electrically connected, may be arranged in the non-display area NDA.
The electronic device 1 may have different lengths in the x-axis direction and in the y-axis direction. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.
[ description of FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6C ]
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the outside of a vehicle 1000 as an electronic device including a light emitting device according to an embodiment. Fig. 6A-6C are each a schematic view of an interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6A to 6C, a vehicle 1000 may refer to various devices that move an object to be transported, such as a person, an object, or an animal, from a departure point to a destination. Thus, the present disclosure is applicable not only to vehicles traveling on roads or rails, but also to ships moving on the sea or river, and to aircraft flying in the air by using the action of air.
The vehicle 1000 may travel on a road or track. The vehicle 1000 may move in a particular direction according to the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 may include a three-or four-wheeled vehicle, a construction machine, a two-wheeled vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, and a train running on a track.
The vehicle 1000 may include a main body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis in which mechanical equipment necessary for driving as the rest of the components other than the main body is mounted. The exterior of the main body may include a front panel, a valve cover, a top panel, a rear panel, a luggage case, and a pillar provided at a boundary between the doors. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 may include power generation devices, power transmission devices, driving devices, steering devices, braking devices, suspension devices, transmission devices, fueling devices, front and rear wheels, left and right wheels, and the like.
The vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, cluster 1400, center panel 1500, passenger seat dashboard 1600, and display device 2.
Side window pane 1100 and front window pane 1200 may be separated by a pillar disposed between side window pane 1100 and front window pane 1200.
Side window glass 1100 may be mounted on a side surface of vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, side window glass 1100 may be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. A plurality of side panes 1100 may be provided and may face each other. In embodiments, side window glass 1100 may include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In an embodiment, the first side glazing 1110 may be disposed adjacent to the cluster 1400. The second side glass 1120 may be disposed adjacent to the passenger seat dashboard 1600.
In embodiments, side panes 1100 may be spaced apart from one another in the x-direction or the-x-direction. For example, the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-direction or the-x-direction. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side panes 1100 to each other may extend in the x-direction or in the-x-direction. For example, a virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 to the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-direction or in the-x-direction.
The front glass 1200 may be mounted in front of the vehicle 1000. The front window glass 1200 may be disposed between the side window glasses 1100 facing each other.
The side view mirror 1300 may provide a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side view mirror 1300 may be mounted outside the main body. In an embodiment, a plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be provided. One of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside of the first side window pane 1110. Another of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside of the second side window glass 1120.
The cluster 1400 may be arranged in front of the steering wheel. Cluster member 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant thermometer, fuel gauge, direction change indicator, high beam indicator, warning light, seat belt warning light, odometer, trip gauge, automatic transmission selector lever indicator, door opening warning light, engine oil warning light, and/or low fuel warning light.
The center panel 1500 may include a control panel on which a plurality of buttons for adjusting audio devices, air conditioning devices, and seat heaters are arranged. The center panel 1500 may be disposed on one side of the cluster 1400.
The passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be spaced apart from the cluster 1400 with the center panel 1500 therebetween. In an embodiment, the cluster 1400 may be arranged to correspond to a driver seat (not shown), and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be arranged to correspond to a passenger seat (not shown). In an embodiment, the cluster 1400 may be adjacent to a first side window glass 1110 and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be adjacent to a second side window glass 1120.
In an embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display an image. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may be arranged between side panes 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 may be disposed on at least one of the cluster 1400, the center panel 1500, and the passenger seat dashboard 1600.
The display device 2 may include an organic light emitting display device, an inorganic EL display device (or an inorganic light emitting display device), a quantum dot display device, or the like. Hereinafter, an organic light emitting display apparatus including a light emitting device according to the present disclosure will be described as an example of the display apparatus 2 according to the embodiment. However, various types of display devices as described above may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 6A, the display device 2 may be disposed on the center panel 1500. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may display audio, video and/or information about vehicle settings.
Referring to fig. 6B, the display device 2 may be arranged on the cluster 1400. In this case, the cluster 1400 may display driving information or the like through the display device 2. That is, cluster 1400 may be implemented digitally. The digital cluster 1400 may display the vehicle information and the driving information as images. For example, the pins and gauges of the tachometer and various warning icons may be displayed by digital signals.
Referring to fig. 6C, the display device 2 may be disposed on a passenger seat dashboard 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in the passenger seat dashboard 1600 or disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600. In an embodiment, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may display images related to information displayed on the cluster 1400 and/or information displayed on the center panel 1500. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the cluster 1400 and/or the information displayed on the center panel 1500.
[ method of production ]
The layers included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers included in the electron transport region may be formed in the specific region by using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser induced thermal imaging, and the like.
When the layers included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers included in the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500 ℃ may be about 10 depending on the material to be included in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed -8 To about 10 -3 Vacuum level of the tray and the likePer second to about->Deposition was performed at a deposition rate of/sec. />
[ definition of terms ]
The term "C" as used herein 3 -C 60 A carbocyclic group "refers to a cyclic group consisting of only carbon as the ring forming atom and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 carbon atoms), and the term" C "as used herein 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group "means a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and further having heteroatoms other than carbon (for example, 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as ring-forming atoms. C (C) 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group and C 1 -C 60 Each of the heterocyclic groups may be a monocyclic group consisting of one ring or a polycyclic group consisting of two or more rings condensed with each other. For example, C 1 -C 60 The heterocyclic group may have 3 to 61 ring atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 ring atoms).
The term "cyclic group" as used herein may include C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group and C 1 -C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.
The term "pi-electron rich C" as used herein 3 -C 60 A cyclic group "refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 carbon atoms) and not including-n=' as a ring forming moiety. The term "pi electron deficient nitrogen containing C" as used herein 1 -C 60 A cyclic group "refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and containing-n=' as a ring forming moiety.
For example, the number of the cells to be processed,
C 3 -C 60 the carbocyclic group may be i) a T1 group, or ii) a fused cyclic group in which at least two T1 groups are fused to each other (e.g., a cyclopentadienyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a phenyl group, a pentylene group, a naphthalene group, a azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalkenyl groupA group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group,A group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a heptylene group, a tetracene group, a picene group, a hexa-phenyl group, a pentacene group, a yu red province group, a coronene group, an egg-phenyl group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indeno phenanthrene group, or an indeno anthracene group),
C 1 -C 60 the heterocyclic group may be i) a T2 group, ii) a fused cyclic group in which at least two T2 groups are fused to each other, or iii) a fused cyclic group in which at least one T2 group and at least one T1 group are fused to each other (e.g., pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzindole groups, naphtalindole groups, isoindole groups, benzisoindole groups, naphtalindole groups, benzoxazole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzosilole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, indenocarbazole groups, indolocarbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzothiocarbazole groups, benzopyrrolocarbazole groups, benzoindolocarbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzonaphtalenofuran groups, benzonaphtalenothiofuran groups, benzonaphtalenothiozole groups, benzonaphtaleno silole groups, benzodibenzofuran groups, benzodibenzodibenzothiophene groups, and benzothiophene dibenzothiophene group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthroline group, cinnoline group, phthalazine group, naphthyridine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazo-ring Pyrimidine groups, imidazotriazine groups, imidazopyrazine groups, imidazopyridazine groups, azacarbazole groups, azafluorene groups, azadibenzothiophene groups, azadibenzofuran groups, and the like),
pi electron rich C 3 -C 60 The cyclic group may be i) a T1 group, ii) a fused cyclic group in which at least two T1 groups are fused to each other, iii) a T3 group, iv) a fused cyclic group in which at least two T3 groups are fused to each other, or v) a fused cyclic group in which at least one T3 group and at least one T1 group are fused to each other (e.g., C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle groups, 1H-pyrrole groups, silole groups, borole-dienyl groups, 2H-pyrrole groups, 3H-pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzindole groups, naphtalindole groups, isoindole groups, benzisoindole groups, naphtalisoindole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzosilole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, indenocarbazole groups, indolocarbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzothiophene carbazole groups, benzoindole carbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzonaphtalene furan groups, benzonaphtalene thiophene groups, benzonaphtalene thiophene groups, benzodibenzothiophene groups, benzodibenzodibenzofuran groups, benzodibenzothiophene groups, benzothiophene groups, etc.),
Pi electron deficient nitrogen containing C 1 -C 60 The cyclic groups may be i) T4 groups, ii) fused cyclic groups in which at least two T4 groups are fused to each other, iii) fused cyclic groups in which at least one T4 group and at least one T1 group are fused to each other, iv) fused cyclic groups in which at least one T4 group and at least one T3 group are fused to each other, or v) fused cyclic groups in which at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group and at least one T3 group are fused to each other (e.g., pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole)A group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzisothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a cinnoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an imidazotriazine group, an imidazopyrazine group, an imidazopyridazine group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, and the like,
T1 groups may be cyclopropane groups, cyclobutane groups, cyclopentane groups, cyclohexane groups, cycloheptane groups, cyclooctane groups, cyclobutene groups, cyclopentene groups, cyclopentadiene groups, cyclohexene groups, cyclohexadiene groups, cycloheptene groups, adamantane groups, norbornane (or bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane) groups, norbornene groups, bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane groups, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane groups, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane groups or phenyl groups,
t2 groups may be furan groups, thiophene groups, 1H-pyrrole groups, silole groups, borole groups, 2H-pyrrole groups, 3H-pyrrole groups, imidazole groups, pyrazole groups, triazole groups, tetrazole groups, oxazole groups, isoxazole groups, oxadiazole groups, thiazole groups, isothiazole groups, thiadiazole groups, azasilole groups, azaborole groups, pyridine groups, pyrimidine groups, pyrazine groups, pyridazine groups, triazine groups, tetrazine groups, pyrrolidines, imidazolidine groups, dihydropyrrole groups, piperidine groups, tetrahydropyridine groups, dihydropyridine groups, tetrahydropyrimidine groups, dihydropyrimidine groups, piperazine groups, tetrahydropyrimidine groups, dihydropyrimidine groups, tetrahydropyrimidine groups or dihydropyrimidine groups,
The T3 group may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group or a borole group, and
the T4 group may be a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetrazine group.
The term "cyclic group, C" as used herein 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, pi-electron rich C 3 -C 60 Nitrogen-containing C with cyclic or pi-electron deficient groups 1 -C 60 A cyclic group "refers to a group, a monovalent group, or a multivalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.) that is fused with any cyclic group according to the structure of the formula using the corresponding term. For example, the "phenyl group" may be a benzo group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, etc., which may be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art according to the structure of the formula including "phenyl group".
Monovalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic group and monovalent C 1 -C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl radicals, C 1 -C 10 A heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl radical, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups. Divalent C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group and divalent C 1 -C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, C 1 -C 10 A heterocycloalkylene group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl radical, C 1 -C 10 Heterocyclylene radicals, C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroarylene groups, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups.
The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 60 Alkyl group "means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a Zhong Geng-yl group, a tert-heptyl group, a n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, a n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a Zhong Ren-nonyl group, a n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a Zhong Guiji group, and a tert-decyl group. The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 60 An alkylene group "means having a group corresponding to C 1 -C 60 Divalent groups of the same structure as the alkyl groups.
The term "C" as used herein 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group "means at C 2 -C 60 Monovalent hydrocarbon groups having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at the middle or end of the alkyl group, and examples thereof include vinyl groups, acryl groups, and butenyl groups. The term "C" as used herein 2 -C 60 Alkenylene group "means having a meaning with C 2 -C 60 Divalent groups of the same structure as the alkenyl groups.
The term "C" as used herein 2 -C 60 Alkynyl group "means at C 2 -C 60 Monovalent hydrocarbon groups having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at the middle or end of the alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term "C" as used herein 2 -C 60 Alkynyl group "means having a meaning with C 2 -C 60 Divalent groups of the same structure as the alkynyl groups.
The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 60 Alkoxy group'Refers to the method of the formula of the-OA 101 (wherein A 101 Is C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group), and examples thereof include methoxy group, ethoxy group, and isopropoxy group.
The term "C" as used herein 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl group "means a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group (or bicyclo [2.2.1 ]Heptyl group), bicyclo [1.1.1]Pentyl group, bicyclo [2.1.1]Hexyl radical and bicyclo [2.2.2]Octyl groups. The term "C" as used herein 3 -C 10 The term "cycloalkylene group" means having a group attached to C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups are divalent groups of the same structure.
The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 10 A heteroaryl group "means a monovalent cyclic group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms further containing at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1,2,3,4 or 5 heteroatoms) other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom, and examples thereof include a 1,2,3, 4-oxatriazolyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothienyl group. The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 10 Heterocyclylene group "means having a radical corresponding to C 1 -C 10 Divalent radicals of the same structure as the heterocycloalkyl radicals.
The term "C" as used herein 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group "means a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term "C" as used herein 3 -C 10 The cycloalkenylene group "means having a ring structure with C 3 -C 10 Bivalent groups of identical structure of cycloalkenyl groups.
The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 10 By a heterocycloalkenyl group "is meant that it further comprises in its cyclic structure a moiety other than a carbon atomAt least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1,2,3,4, or 5 heteroatoms) other than the child is a monovalent cyclic group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms that is a ring-forming atom and has at least one double bond. C (C) 1 -C 10 Examples of heterocycloalkenyl groups include 4, 5-dihydro-1, 2,3, 4-oxazolyl groups, 2, 3-dihydrofuranyl groups, and 2, 3-dihydrothienyl groups. The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 10 Heterocyclylene group "means having a group corresponding to C 1 -C 10 Bivalent radicals of identical structure of the heterocycloalkenyl radical.
The term "C" as used herein 6 -C 60 Aryl group "refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system of 6 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 6 to 30, 6 to 20, 6 to 15, or 6 to 10 carbon atoms), and the term" C "as used herein 6 -C 60 Arylene group "refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system of 6 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 6 to 30, 6 to 20, 6 to 15, or 6 to 10 carbon atoms). C (C) 6 -C 60 Examples of aryl groups include phenyl groups, pentylene groups, naphthyl groups, azulenyl groups, indacenyl groups, acenaphthenyl groups, phenalkenyl groups, phenanthryl groups, anthryl groups, fluoranthenyl groups, benzophenanthryl groups, pyrenyl groups, A phenyl group, a perylene group, a pentacenyl group, a heptenyl group, a tetracenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a yuzuo group, a coroneyl group, and an egg phenyl group. When C 6 -C 60 Aryl group and C 6 -C 60 When each arylene group comprises two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl group "means having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 1) further comprising at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as a ring-forming atom20. 1 to 15 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms). The term "C" as used herein 1 -C 60 A heteroarylene group "refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system further comprising at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms). C (C) 1 -C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, benzoquinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, benzoisoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, benzoquinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, benzoquinazolinyl groups, cinnolinyl groups, phenanthrolinyl groups, phthalazinyl groups, and naphthyridinyl groups. When C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups and C 1 -C 60 When the heteroarylene groups each contain two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 8 to 30, 8 to 20, 8 to 15, or 8 to 10 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups include indenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-bifluorenyl groups, benzofluorenyl groups, indenofenyl groups, and indenoanthrenyl groups. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.
The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused to each other, further comprising at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom and being free of aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups include pyrrolyl groups, thienyl groups, furanyl groups, indolyl groups, benzindolyl groups, naphthyridinyl groups, isoindolyl groups, benzisoindolyl groups, naphthyridinyl groups, benzothienyl groups, benzofuranyl groups, carbazolyl groups, dibenzosilol groups, dibenzothienyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, azacarbazolyl groups, azafluorenyl groups, azadibenzosilol groups, azadibenzothienyl groups, azadibenzofuranyl groups, pyrazolyl groups, imidazolyl groups, triazolyl groups, tetrazolyl groups, oxazolyl groups, isoxazolyl groups, thiazolyl groups, isothiazolyl groups, oxadiazolyl groups, and combinations thereof thiadiazolyl group, benzopyrazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzoxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, imidazotriazinyl group, imidazopyrazinyl group, imidazopyridazinyl group, indenocarbazolyl group, indolocarbazolyl group, benzofuranocarbazolyl group, benzothiocarbazolyl group, benzoindolocarbazolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, benzonaphtofuranyl group, benzonaphtaphthenyl group, benzonaphtaphthoyl group, benzodibenzofuranyl group, benzodibenzothiophenyl group, and benzothiaphthoyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.
The term "C" as used herein 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group "means-OA 102 (wherein A 102 Is C 6 -C 60 Aryl group), and the term "C" as used herein 6 -C 60 Arylthio group "means-SA 103 (wherein A 103 Is C 6 -C 60 Aryl groups).
The term "C" as used herein 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl group "means-A 104 A 105 (wherein A 104 Is C 1 -C 54 An alkylene group, and A 105 Is C 6 -C 59 Aryl group), and the term "C" as used herein 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group "means-A 106 A 107 (wherein A 106 Is C 1 -C 59 An alkylene group, and A 107 Is C 1 -C 59 Heteroaryl groups).
The term "R" as used herein 10a "means:
deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group;
each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals, C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -Si (Q) 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(＝O)(Q 11 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 11 )、-P(＝O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) Or any combination thereof 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups or C 1 -C 60 An alkoxy group;
each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, C 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals, C 2 -C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -Si (Q) 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(＝O)(Q 21 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 21 )、-P(＝O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) Or any combination thereof 3 -C 60 Carbocycle group, C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, C 7 -C 60 Arylalkyl radicals or C 2 -C 60 A heteroarylalkyl group; or alternatively
-Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(＝O)(Q 31 )、-S(＝O) 2 (Q 31 ) or-P (=O) (Q 31 )(Q 32 )。
Q as used herein 1 To Q 3 、Q 11 To Q 13 、Q 21 To Q 23 And Q 31 To Q 33 Each may independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; or each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano groups, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 60 C substituted with an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl radicals, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, C 3 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 A heterocyclic group.
The term "heteroatom" as used herein refers to any atom other than a carbon atom. Examples of heteroatoms include O, S, N, P, si, B, ge, se or any combination thereof.
The term "third row transition metal" as used herein includes hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), and the like.
The term "Ph" as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term "Me" as used herein refers to a methyl group, the term "Et" as used herein refers to an ethyl group, the term "tert-Bu" or "Bu" as used herein t "refers to a tertiary butyl group, and the term" OMe "as used herein refers to an oxy group.
The term "biphenyl group" as used herein refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group". In other words, a "biphenyl group" is a group having C 6 -C 60 Substituted phenyl groups with aryl groups as substituents (e.g., phenyl groups).
The term "terphenyl group" as used herein refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group". In other words, a "terphenyl group" is a group having a substituent C 6 -C 60 Aryl group substituted C 6 -C 60 A substituted phenyl group in which an aryl group (e.g., biphenyl group) is used as a substituent.
As used herein, unless otherwise defined, each refers to a binding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.
Hereinafter, a light emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples (example)
Evaluation example 1
According to the method in table 1, HOMO levels, LUMO levels, band gaps, and triplet states (T) of each of the compounds D1 to D8, the compounds D11 to D16, and the compound a10 were evaluated 1 ) Energy level. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
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Evaluation example 2
In the process of preparing PMMA CH 2 Cl 2 After the solution and the compound D1 (4 wt% with respect to PMMA) were mixed, the resultant thus obtained was coated on a quartz substrate by using a spin coater, and then heat-treated in an oven at 80 ℃, followed by cooling to room temperature, thereby producing a film D1 having a thickness of 40 nm. Subsequently, films D2 to D6, D8, D11 to D16, and a10 were produced in the same manner as for producing film D1, but each of compounds D2 to D6, D8, D11 to D16, and a10 was used instead of compound D1.
The emission spectra of each of the films D1 to D6, D8, D11 to D16, and a10 were measured by using a Quantaurus-QY absorption PL quantum yield spectrometer (equipped with a xenon light source, a monochromator, a photon multichannel analyzer, and an integrating sphere) of the bingo company (Hamamatsu inc.) and using PLQY measurement software (bingo photon company (Hamamatsu Photonics, ltd.), jingda county, japan). During the measurement, the excitation wavelength was scanned from 320nm to 380nm at intervals of 10nm, and the spectrum measured at the excitation wavelength of 340nm was taken to obtain the maximum emission wavelength (emission peak wavelength) and FWHM of the compound contained in each film. The results are summarized in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from table 3, compounds D1 to D6, D8 and D11 to D16 emit red light having a relatively small FWHM as compared to compound a 10.
Evaluation example 3
Compound C1 was deposited on a glass substrate to prepare a film C1 having a thickness of 60 nm. Subsequently, for the film C1, the refractive index of the compound C1 with respect to light having a wavelength of 633nm was measured at a temperature of 25℃and a relative humidity of 50% by using an ellipsometer M-2000 (JA Woollam) according to the Ke Ximo model. The results are summarized in Table 4. This experiment was repeated for each of compound C2 to compound C6, compound B01, and compound B11 to compound B23. The results are summarized in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
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Example 1
As an anode, it will have 15 Ω/cm 2 Glass substrate (product of Corning inc.) on which ITO was formed was cutCut to a size of 50mm x 50mm x 0.7mm, each of isopropyl alcohol and pure water was sonicated for 5 minutes, washed by ultraviolet irradiation and exposure to ozone for 30 minutes, and then fixed on a vacuum deposition apparatus.
Vacuum deposition of HT3 on anode to form a cathode havingAnd vacuum depositing HT40 on the hole transport layer to form a layer having +. >Is provided, the thickness of the emission assisting layer is greater than the thickness of the emission assisting layer.
Vacuum depositing compound H125, compound H126, and compound D4 (first emitter) on the emission assisting layer at a weight ratio of 45:45:10 to form a light emitting device havingIs a layer of a thickness of the emissive layer.
Vacuum depositing compound ET37 on the emissive layer to form a semiconductor device havingAnd vacuum depositing the compounds ET46 and Liq on the buffer layer in a weight ratio of 5:5 to form a buffer layer having +.>Electron transport layer of a thickness of (a). Subsequently, yb is vacuum deposited on the electron transport layer to form a coating having +.>And then Ag and Mg are vacuum deposited thereon to form an electron injection layer having +.>Is a cathode of a thickness of (a).
Subsequently, compound C1 is vacuum deposited on the cathode to form a cathode havingTo complete the manufacture of the organic light emitting device.
Examples 2 to 48 and comparative examples 1 to 20
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, but each of the compounds shown in table 5 was used as a material for forming the first emitter in the emission layer or a material for forming the capping layer.
Evaluation example 4
The organic light emitting devices manufactured according to examples 1 to 48 and comparative examples 1 to 20 were evaluated at 1,000cd/m by using a luminance meter (Minolta) Cs-1000A 2 Color purity (CIEx and CIEy coordinates), maximum emission wavelength, and FWHM obtained from the main peak of the EL spectrum. The results are summarized in tables 5 and 6. The RRF values calculated with reference to table 4 are also summarized in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5
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TABLE 6
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As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, the organic light emitting devices of examples 1 to 48 have relatively large CIEx values and relatively small CIEy values as compared with the organic light emitting devices of comparative examples 1 to 20, and thus can emit red light having excellent color purity.
Since the light emitting device of the present disclosure has excellent color purity, high-quality electronic equipment and high-quality electronic devices can be manufactured using the light emitting device of the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered to be applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

Claims (20)

1. A light emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode;
an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and
the covering layer is arranged on the surface of the base plate,
wherein the emissive layer comprises a first emitter,
the first emitter emits first light having a first emission spectrum,
the cover layer is arranged in the path of the first light travel,
the emission peak wavelength of the first light is 610nm to 720nm,
the first emitter comprises iridium and the second emitter comprises iridium,
the cover layer comprises an amine-containing compound,
the ratio of the reflectance of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer to the full width at half maximum is 2.0 or more than 2.0, and
the ratio value is calculated by equation 1
Equation 1
R(cap)/FWHM(D)×100
Wherein, in the equation 1,
r (cap) is the refractive index of the amine-containing compound relative to the second light having a wavelength of + -33 nm of the emission peak wavelength of the first light, an
FWHM (D) is the full width at half maximum of the main peak in the electroluminescence spectrum of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer, and the unit of the FWHM (D) is nm.
2. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission peak wavelength of the first light is 610nm to 680nm.
3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer is red light.
4. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first emitter comprises a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand each bonded to iridium,
the first ligand comprises Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 2 Ring B of (2) 2 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
the second ligand is a ligand selected from the group consisting of 3 And Y 4 Is bonded to the bidentate ligand of iridium,
the third ligand comprises Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
Y 1 and Y 5 Is nitrogen, each of which is a nitrogen atom,
Y 2 and Y 6 Is a carbon, each of which is a carbon,
Y 3 and Y 4 Each of which is oxygen, and
containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Is a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups are fused to each other.
5. The light-emitting device according to claim 4, wherein Y is contained 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 At least one of which is a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a naphthoquinoline group or a naphthoisoquinoline group.
6. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the amine-containing compound included in the capping layer comprises a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthooxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof.
7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the RRF value of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer is 2.1 to 3.7.
8. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the FWHM (D) is 15nm to 90nm.
9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein R (cap) is the refractive index of the amine-containing compound with respect to the second light having a wavelength of 633 nm.
10. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein R (cap) is 1.6 to 2.0.
11. A light emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode;
an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and
the covering layer is arranged on the surface of the base plate,
wherein the emissive layer comprises a first emitter,
the first emitter emits first light having a first emission spectrum,
the cover layer is arranged in the path of the first light travel,
the first emitter comprises a first ligand, a second ligand and a third ligand each bonded to iridium,
the first ligand comprises Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 2 Ring B of (2) 2 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
the second ligand is a ligand selected from the group consisting of 3 And Y 4 Is bonded to the bidentate ligand of iridium,
The third ligand comprises Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 And contain Y 6 Ring B of (2) 6 Is a bidentate ligand of (a) and (b),
Y 1 and Y 5 Is nitrogen, each of which is a nitrogen atom,
Y 2 and Y 6 Is a carbon, each of which is a carbon,
Y 3 and Y 4 Is an oxygen gas, and each of the two is oxygen,
containing Y 1 Ring B of (2) 1 And contain Y 5 Ring B of (2) 5 Is a polycyclic group in which three or more cyclic groups are fused to each other,
the cover layer comprises an amine-containing compound
The amine-containing compound comprises a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a naphthoxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, or any combination thereof.
12. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the first ligand and the third ligand are identical to each other.
13. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein an emission peak wavelength of the first light is 610nm to 720nm.
14. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein a full width at half maximum of a main peak in an electroluminescence spectrum of the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer is 15nm to 90nm.
15. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first light extracted to the outside through the cover layer is red light.
16. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein a refractive index of the amine-containing compound with respect to second light having a wavelength of ±33nm of the emission peak wavelength of the first light is 1.6 to 2.0.
17. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.
19. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device of any one of claims 1 to 16.
20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the electronic device is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor or outdoor lighting and/or signaling light, a heads-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a micro display, a three-dimensional display, a virtual or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including multiple displays tiled together, a theatre or stadium screen, a phototherapy device, and a sign.
CN202310736802.8A 2022-06-24 2023-06-21 Light emitting device, electronic apparatus including the same, and electronic device Pending CN117295351A (en)

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