CN117289750A - Maximum power point tracking method and device based on photovoltaic array output characteristics - Google Patents
Maximum power point tracking method and device based on photovoltaic array output characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power point tracking method and device based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array, wherein the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module; according to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that all local optimal points of the output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array are positioned near the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module, namely, all local optimal points are based on the principle of uniform distribution of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module, the global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely, the first maximum power point, can be rapidly positioned only by searching the output power characteristic curve by taking the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module as a searching step length. Compared with the traditional tracking method, the method does not need to scan a complete photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve, and greatly improves the optimizing speed; meanwhile, the particle swarm algorithm is used for carrying out accurate search to obtain the actual global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely the target maximum power point, so that the algorithm is prevented from being trapped into local optimal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic arrays, in particular to a maximum power point tracking method and device based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array.
Background
The photovoltaic array is used as an energy conversion unit of a photovoltaic power generation system, and is one of research hotspots in the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The P-V output of a photovoltaic array has complex nonlinear characteristics and is affected by external environments such as temperature, illumination intensity, and the like. When the surface layer of the photovoltaic array is uniformly illuminated, the P-V output of the photovoltaic array shows unimodal characteristics, and a global maximum power point exists in the P-V curve. When the surface layer of the photovoltaic array is unevenly illuminated, if the photovoltaic array is shielded by objects such as fallen leaves and clouds, the shadow exists on the surface layer of the photovoltaic array, the P-V output of the photovoltaic array can be caused to present a multimodal characteristic, and a plurality of local maximum power points exist on the P-V curve. In practical application, the photovoltaic power generation system needs to make the photovoltaic array always output the maximum power through a corresponding control method, so that the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is improved, and the control process is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
Most of the existing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods utilize complex mathematical methods or are combined with deep learning and the like, so that the implementation difficulty is high, the implementation process is complex, and the method is difficult to apply to practice. Meanwhile, most methods need to scan the complete P-U characteristic curve, and the searching speed is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a maximum power point tracking method and a device based on the output characteristics of a photovoltaic array, so as to solve the technical problems of high difficulty in realizing the maximum power point tracking, complex realization process, difficulty in being applied to reality and slower searching speed in the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for tracking a maximum power point based on an output characteristic of a photovoltaic array, where the photovoltaic array includes a photovoltaic module; the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array comprises the following steps: obtaining output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic array and first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module; determining a volt-ampere characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current; searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step length and utilizing a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a base quantity to obtain a first maximum power point; and processing the first maximum power point by a particle swarm algorithm to obtain a target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, obtaining a first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module includes: acquiring a second open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic array and the number of series batteries of the photovoltaic array; the first open circuit voltage is determined based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series connected batteries.
With reference to the first aspect, in another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, with the first open-circuit voltage as a search step, searching in the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point by using a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed with the first open-circuit voltage as a base, where the searching includes: determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage; determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries; determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage; and searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as the searching step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve in the searching range to obtain the first maximum power point.
With reference to the first aspect, in a further possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the search range, searching in the output power characteristic curve with the first open-circuit voltage as the search step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve, to obtain the first maximum power point includes: acquiring a first voltage of the photovoltaic array; determining a first current of the photovoltaic array in the volt-ampere characteristic based on the first voltage; determining a first power of the photovoltaic array based on the first voltage and the first current; updating the first voltage based on the searching step length, and acquiring a second voltage and a second current of the updated photovoltaic array; determining a second power of the photovoltaic array based on the second voltage and the second current; comparing the second power with the first power; when the second power is larger than the first power, updating the first power by using the second power and updating the first voltage by using the second voltage until the second voltage is iterated to the maximum search voltage, stopping iteration, and obtaining a target voltage; the first maximum power point is determined in the output power characteristic based on the target voltage.
With reference to the first aspect, in a further possible implementation manner of the first aspect, after comparing the second power and the first power, the method further includes: determining a first maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on the volt-ampere characteristic, the maximum search voltage, and the second current when the second power is less than the first power; comparing the first maximum power with the first power; repeating the steps of updating the first voltage based on the search step length and acquiring the updated second voltage and second current of the photovoltaic array to determine the first maximum power point in the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage when the first maximum power is greater than the first power; when the first maximum power is smaller than and equal to the first power, judging whether the second power is equal to the first power or not; and when the second power is equal to the first power, taking a power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point.
With reference to the first aspect, in a further possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the obtaining, based on the first maximum power point, a target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array through particle swarm optimization includes: determining a third voltage of the photovoltaic array in the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point; determining an initialization voltage for each particle based on the third voltage; calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage for each of the particles; determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on each of the first search powers; updating the position and speed of each particle and judging whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; when the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the photovoltaic array; determining a third power of the photovoltaic array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; judging whether the third power meets a preset power range or not; and when the third power meets the preset power range, taking the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point.
With reference to the first aspect, in a further possible implementation manner of the first aspect, after updating the position and the velocity of each particle and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, the method further includes: and repeating the step of calculating a first search power of each particle based on the initialization voltage of each particle based on each updated particle when the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power, to the step of taking a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power satisfies the preset power range.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a maximum power point tracking device based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array, where the photovoltaic array includes a photovoltaic module; the maximum power point tracking device based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array and the first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module; a determining module for determining a volt-ampere characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current; the searching module is used for searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step length and utilizing a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a base quantity to obtain a first maximum power point; and the processing module is used for obtaining the target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array based on the first maximum power point through particle swarm optimization processing.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, where the computer program is configured to make the computer execute the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array according to any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: the system comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are in communication connection, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to execute the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array according to any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following effects:
according to the maximum power point tracking method based on the photovoltaic array output characteristic, provided by the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that all local optimal points of the photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve are located near the open-circuit voltage of the integral multiple photovoltaic module, namely, all local optimal points are based on the principle of uniform distribution of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module, the global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely, the first maximum power point, can be rapidly positioned by searching the output power characteristic curve only by taking the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module as a searching step length. Compared with the traditional tracking method, the method does not need to scan a complete photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve, and greatly improves the optimizing speed; meanwhile, the particle swarm algorithm is used for carrying out accurate search to obtain the actual global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely the target maximum power point, so that the algorithm is prevented from being trapped into local optimal. In addition, the characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the working process are utilized in the searching process, so that the photovoltaic array has universality and high reliability, and can be further used for popularization and use of photovoltaic power stations.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a maximum power point tracking method based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of step 103 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of step 104 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another flow chart of a maximum power point tracking method based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a 4 x 2 photovoltaic array provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of output characteristics of a 4X 2 photovoltaic array provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a maximum power point tracking method device based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the invention provides a maximum power point tracking method based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
step 101: and obtaining the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array and the first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module.
Wherein the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module.
Specifically, the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array and the first open-circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic module are collected OC,M 。
Step 102: and determining a volt-ampere characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current.
Specifically, a volt-ampere characteristic curve (I-U characteristic curve) and an output power characteristic curve (P-U characteristic curve) of the photovoltaic array can be obtained according to the acquired output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic array.
Step 103: and searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step length and utilizing a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a base quantity to obtain a first maximum power point.
Specifically, the first open-circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic module is based on the local optimal point of the P-U characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array by utilizing the I-U characteristic curve OC,M The principle of uniform distribution of the base quantity is shown by V OC,M The global optimum of the P-U characteristic, i.e. the first maximum power point, is searched for the search step Δv.
Step 104: and processing the first maximum power point by a particle swarm algorithm to obtain a target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
The particle swarm algorithm of the embodiment of the invention has N particles, the dimension is d, the position vector is S, the speed vector is V, and the d-dimensional particle swarm position matrix S d The following relation (1) shows:
S d ＝(S 1d ,S 2d ,S 3d ,…,S Nd ) (1)
wherein: s is S Nd Representing an nth d-dimensional matrix of particle positions.
d-dimensional particle population velocity matrix V d The following relation (2) shows:
V d ＝(V 1d ,V 2d ,V 3d ,…,V Nd ) (2)
wherein: v (V) Nd Representing the nth d-dimensional particle velocity matrix.
The iterative formula of the velocity vector of the particle is shown in the following relation (3):
wherein: v (V) id A velocity vector representing the particles; ω represents the weight of the last iteration speed of the last particle swarm individual; c 1 、c 2 Representing learning factors for adjusting the trend weights toward the individual's historical optima and global optima; r is (r) 1 、r 2 Representing a random number for adjusting a step size of the learning factor; j represents an iterationThe number of times; p (P) best,id Is a historical optimum of particle location; g best,id Is a global optimum for particle location; s is S id The position vector of the particles is represented by the following relation (4) as a specific position vector iterative formula:
In the embodiment of the invention, N is the initial search point number on the P-U characteristic curve; p (P) best,id Local maximum power searched for each search point; g best,id Global maximum power searched for each search point.
Specifically, the actual maximum power point of the P-U characteristic curve, namely the target maximum power point P, is accurately searched by utilizing a particle swarm algorithm near the first maximum power point GM 。
The particle swarm optimization processing avoids the searched maximum power point as the local optimal power point, and improves the tracking accuracy of the maximum power point.
According to the maximum power point tracking method based on the photovoltaic array output characteristic, provided by the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that all local optimal points of the photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve are located near the open-circuit voltage of the integral multiple photovoltaic module, namely, all local optimal points are based on the principle of uniform distribution of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module, the global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely, the first maximum power point, can be rapidly positioned by searching the output power characteristic curve only by taking the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module as a searching step length. Compared with the traditional tracking method, the method does not need to scan a complete photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve, and greatly improves the optimizing speed; meanwhile, the particle swarm algorithm is used for carrying out accurate search to obtain the actual global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely the target maximum power point, so that the algorithm is prevented from being trapped into local optimal. In addition, the characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the working process are utilized in the searching process, so that the photovoltaic array has universality and high reliability, and can be further used for popularization and use of photovoltaic power stations.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module includes: acquiring a second open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic array and the number of series batteries of the photovoltaic array; the first open circuit voltage is determined based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series connected batteries.
In particular, measuring a second open circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic array OC,Array And the number N of series cells of the photovoltaic array S 。
Calculating a first open-circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic array by using the following relation (5) OC,M ：
As an alternative implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, step 103 includes: determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage; determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries; and determining that a search range is within the search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage, and searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as the search step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve to obtain the first maximum power point.
Specifically, the initial point voltage Δv is set to 0.5 times the search step Δv 1st The following relation (6) shows:
maximum search voltage V LIM I.e. the last local optimum lies at (N S -1)V CC,M And N S V OC,M The following relation (7) shows:
V LIM ＝(N S -1)ΔV+ΔV 1st (7)
further, the search range is the initial point voltage DeltaV 1st And maximum search voltage V LIM Between them.
Further, at the initial point voltage DeltaV 1st And maximum search voltage V LIM And searching in the P-U characteristic curve by using the searching step length delta V to obtain a first maximum power point.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the search range, searching in the output power characteristic curve with the first open-circuit voltage as the search step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve to obtain the first maximum power point includes: acquiring a first voltage of the photovoltaic array; determining a first current of the photovoltaic array in the volt-ampere characteristic based on the first voltage; determining a first power of the photovoltaic array based on the first voltage and the first current; updating the first voltage based on the searching step length, and acquiring a second voltage and a second current of the updated photovoltaic array; determining a second power of the photovoltaic array based on the second voltage and the second current; comparing the second power with the first power; when the second power is larger than the first power, updating the first power by using the second power and updating the first voltage by using the second voltage until the second voltage is iterated to the maximum search voltage, stopping iteration, and obtaining a target voltage; the first maximum power point is determined in the output power characteristic based on the target voltage.
Specifically, the current voltage of the photovoltaic array, i.e. the first voltage V, is measured PV 。
Then, according to the measured first voltage V PV In the I-U characteristic curve, a corresponding first current I can be determined PV 。
Further, the current power of the photovoltaic array, i.e., the first power P, is calculated using the following relation (8) PV ：
P PV ＝V PV ×I PV (8)
Further, storing the current power P of the photovoltaic array PV And the current voltage V PV And is denoted as P PV,stored And V PV,stored 。
Further, with the search step Δv=v OC,M Updating the voltage of the photovoltaic array, namely the first voltage, and measuring the second voltage and the second current of the updated photovoltaic array.
Further, substituting the second voltage and the second current into the above relation (8), and calculating to obtain the second power of the updated photovoltaic array.
Further, the updated second power of the photovoltaic array and the first power before updating, namely the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored And (5) performing comparison.
Further, when the updated second power of the photovoltaic array is greater than the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored When the current recorded power P of the photovoltaic array is overwritten by the updated second power and the second voltage PV,stored And the voltage V of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored Until the second voltage after the update of the photovoltaic array is iterated to the maximum searching voltage V LIM 。
And finally, determining a global optimal point, namely a first maximum power point, in the P-U characteristic curve according to the second voltage, namely the target voltage, of the photovoltaic array after iteration is stopped.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, after comparing the second power with the first power, the method further includes: determining a first maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on the volt-ampere characteristic, the maximum search voltage, and the second current when the second power is less than the first power; comparing the first maximum power with the first power; repeating the steps of updating the first voltage based on the search step length and acquiring the updated second voltage and second current of the photovoltaic array to determine the first maximum power point in the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage when the first maximum power is greater than the first power; when the first maximum power is smaller than and equal to the first power, judging whether the second power is equal to the first power or not; and when the second power is equal to the first power, taking a power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point.
Specifically, when the updated second power of the photovoltaic array is smaller than the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored When the current point is reached, calculating the possible maximum power P of the P-U characteristic curve LIM I.e. the first maximum power.
Wherein the characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array I-U reaches the next V along with the increase of the voltage of the photovoltaic array OC,M The current will remain unchanged or decrease before, in the embodiment of the invention, it is assumed that the maximum search voltage V is reached LIM Front I PV Remaining unchanged, the first maximum power P of the photovoltaic array LIM The following relation (9) shows:
P LIM ＝V LIM ×I PV (9)
further, the first maximum power P LIM And power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored And (5) performing comparison.
When the first maximum power P LIM Power P greater than the current recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored And when the voltage of the photovoltaic array is updated according to the searching step delta V, the searching is continued until the first maximum power point is obtained.
When the first maximum power P LIM Less than and equal to the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored When the current voltage of the photovoltaic array is set to be equal to the voltage V of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored And determining whether the current power of the photovoltaic array, i.e. the second power, is equal to the current recorded power P of the photovoltaic array PV,stored I.e. the first power.
Further, if the second power is equal to the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored And storing the second power, and taking the power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point.
Further, if the second power is not equal to the power P of the currently recorded photovoltaic array PV,stored Then the process returns to step 101.
As an alternative implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, step 104 includes: determining a third voltage of the photovoltaic array in the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point; determining an initialization voltage for each particle based on the third voltage; calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage for each of the particles; determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on each of the first search powers; updating the position and speed of each particle and judging whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; when the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the photovoltaic array; determining a third power of the photovoltaic array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; judging whether the third power meets a preset power range or not; and when the third power meets the preset power range, taking the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point.
In particular, a third voltage of the photovoltaic array, i.e. V of the last stored record, is determined in the P-U characteristic curve using the first maximum power point PV,stored 。
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, V is 0.85 to 1.15 times PV,stored Initialization voltages for 5 search points within a zone.
Specifically, the initialization current of each search point is determined in the I-U characteristic curve according to the initialization voltage of each search point.
Further, the first search power of each search point can be calculated from the initialization voltage of each search point and the initialization current of each search point through the above-described relation (8) and the output power characteristic curve.
Further, each first search power is compared to obtain a local maximum power, i.e., a second maximum power G best,id I.e. the second maximum power and the global maximum power, i.e. the third maximum power P best,id
Further, each particle is updatedPosition and speed, and determine the second maximum power G best,id Whether or not to be equal to the third maximum power P best,id 。
When the second maximum power G best,id Equal to the third maximum power P best,id And (3) measuring the fourth voltage and the third current of the photovoltaic array, and calculating the third power of the photovoltaic array according to the fourth voltage and the third current obtained by measurement by using the relational expression (8).
The preset power range is determined according to the third maximum power, and is 98% of the third maximum power to 102% of the third maximum power.
Further, when the third power is within the preset power range, the condition that the photovoltaic array is in is not changed, namely, the second maximum power is the maximum power of the output photovoltaic array, and further, the power point corresponding to the second maximum power is the target maximum power point.
Further, when the third power is not within the preset power range, it indicates that the working condition of the photovoltaic array has changed, and the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array needs to be searched from the beginning, that is, the step 101 is returned.
As an alternative implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after updating the position and the velocity of each particle and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, as shown in fig. 3, the method further includes: and repeating the step of calculating a first search power of each particle based on the initialization voltage of each particle based on each updated particle when the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power, to the step of taking a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power satisfies the preset power range.
Specifically, the second maximum power G best,id Is not equal to the third maximum power P best,id When the accurate search is performed again based on each updated particle, namely, the step of returning the above-mentioned "calculating the first search power of each particle based on the initialization voltage of each particle" is performed again, and the above-mentioned steps are repeatedly performedAnd taking the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power meets the preset power range.
In an example, a maximum power point tracking method based on output characteristics of a photovoltaic array is provided, and a flowchart of the method is shown in fig. 4, and the method includes the following steps:
step one: initial conditions are set, for example, a 4×2 photovoltaic array, N s Is 4, V OC,M An equivalent circuit diagram of the photovoltaic array used was shown in fig. 5, and the output characteristic of the photovoltaic array was shown in fig. 6 at 43.6V.
1. Setting a step length delta V:
wherein V is OC,Array Is the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic array.
2. Setting an initial point DeltaV 1st ：
3. Setting the maximum search voltage V LIM ：
V LIM ＝(N S -1)ΔV+ΔV 1st
The function of this step is to provide the initial value and the search range for step two.
Step two: searching global optimum (maximum power point of P-U characteristic curve)
1. Setting the initial voltage V of the photovoltaic array PV ：
V PV ＝ΔV 1st
2. Measuring photovoltaic array voltage V PV Current I PV Calculating the photovoltaic array power P PV ：
P PV ＝V PV ×I PV
3. Storing photovoltaic array power P PV Photovoltaic array voltage V PV 。
4. Updating photovoltaic array voltage V PV ＝ΔV PV,stored +ΔV。
5. V after measuring update voltage PV ，I PV Calculate P PV 。
6. Judging P PV Whether or not it is greater than P PV,stored 。
7. If P PV Greater than P PV,stored Then overwrite P PV,stored V (V) PV,stored . Post-overwrite judgment V PV Whether or not to be equal to V LIM If not, returning to the step 4; if equal, go to step 3.
8. If P PV Less than or equal to P PV,stored Then calculate P LIM ＝V LIM ×I PV 。
9. Judging P LIM Whether or not it is greater than P PV,stored 。
10. If P LIM Greater than P PV,stored Then return to step 4.
11. If P LIM Less than or equal to P PV,stored Then set V PV Equal to V PV,stored 。
12. Judging P PV Whether or not to equal P PV,stored If P PV Equal to P PV,stored Then go to step three; if P PV Is not equal to P PV,stored And returning to the step one.
Step three: and searching the actual maximum power point by using a particle swarm algorithm.
1. A second receiving step, utilizing the V stored in the last step PV,stored (i.e., the global optimum obtained in step two), V of 0.85 to 1.15 times PV,stored Initializing voltage for 5 particles in the interval;
2. calculating the power of each particle point;
3. comparing the power to obtain global maximum power and historical maximum power (maximum power);
4. updating the position and the speed of the particle point;
5. judging whether the maximum power point is reached;
6. if the maximum power point is not reached, turning to the step 2, otherwise turning to the step 7;
7. Storing maximum power point P GM ；
8. Measurement of V PV ，I PV Calculate P PV ；
9. Judging P PV Whether or not at 98% P GM To 102% P GM Between them;
10. if the judgment of the step 9 is yes, turning to the step 8, wherein the power is the actual maximum power point of the photovoltaic array;
11. if the determination of 9 is negative, the procedure returns to the first step.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a maximum power point tracking device based on the output characteristic of the photovoltaic array, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module; the device comprises:
an acquisition module 201, configured to acquire an output voltage and an output current of the photovoltaic array and a first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module; for details, see the description of step 101 in the above method embodiment.
A determining module 202 for determining a volt-ampere characteristic and an output power characteristic of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current; for details, see the description of step 102 in the method embodiment described above.
The searching module 203 is configured to search in the output power characteristic curve by using the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step, and using a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by using the first open-circuit voltage as a base, so as to obtain a first maximum power point; for details, see the description of step 103 in the method embodiment described above.
The processing module 204 is configured to obtain a target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array through particle swarm optimization based on the first maximum power point; for details, see the description of step 104 in the method embodiment described above.
According to the maximum power point tracking device based on the photovoltaic array output characteristic, provided by the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that all local optimal points of the photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve are located near the open-circuit voltage of the integral multiple photovoltaic module, namely, all local optimal points are based on the principle of uniform distribution of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module, the global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely, the first maximum power point, can be quickly positioned by searching the output power characteristic curve only by taking the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module as a searching step length. Compared with the traditional tracking method, the method does not need to scan a complete photovoltaic array output power characteristic curve, and greatly improves the optimizing speed; meanwhile, the particle swarm algorithm is used for carrying out accurate search to obtain the actual global optimal point of the output power characteristic curve, namely the target maximum power point, so that the algorithm is prevented from being trapped into local optimal. In addition, the characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the working process are utilized in the searching process, so that the photovoltaic array has universality and high reliability, and can be further used for popularization and use of photovoltaic power stations.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining module includes: the first acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the second open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic array and the number of series batteries of the photovoltaic array; a first determination sub-module for determining the first open circuit voltage based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series connected batteries.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the search module includes: a second determining sub-module for determining an initial point voltage based on the first open-circuit voltage; a third determining sub-module for determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries; a fourth determination sub-module for determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage; and the searching sub-module is used for searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as the searching step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve in the searching range to obtain the first maximum power point.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the searching submodule includes: the second acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the first voltage of the photovoltaic array; a fifth determining sub-module for determining a first current of the photovoltaic array in the volt-ampere characteristic based on the first voltage; a sixth determining sub-module for determining a first power of the photovoltaic array based on the first voltage and the first current; the updating and acquiring sub-module is used for updating the first voltage based on the searching step length and acquiring a second voltage and a second current after updating the photovoltaic array; a seventh determining sub-module for determining a second power of the photovoltaic array based on the second voltage and the second current; the first comparison sub-module is used for comparing the second power with the first power; an iteration updating sub-module, configured to update the first power with the second power and update the first voltage with the second voltage when the second power is greater than the first power, until the second voltage is iterated to the maximum search voltage, and stop iterating, so as to obtain a target voltage; an eighth determination submodule is configured to determine the first maximum power point in the output power characteristic based on the target voltage.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the searching submodule further includes: a ninth determination sub-module for determining a first maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on the volt-ampere characteristic, the maximum search voltage, and the second current when the second power is less than the first power; the second comparison sub-module is used for comparing the first maximum power with the first power; a first repeating sub-module, configured to repeat the steps of updating the first voltage based on the search step size and obtaining the updated second voltage and second current of the photovoltaic array to determine the first maximum power point in the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage when the first maximum power is greater than the first power; the first judging submodule is used for judging whether the second power is equal to the first power or not when the first maximum power is smaller than and equal to the first power; and a tenth determination submodule, configured to take a power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point when the second power is equal to the first power.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing module includes: an eleventh determining sub-module for determining a third voltage of the photovoltaic array in the output power characteristic based on the first maximum power point; a twelfth determining sub-module for determining an initialization voltage of each particle based on the third voltage; a calculation sub-module for calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage for each of the particles; a thirteenth determining sub-module for determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on each of the first search powers; an updating and judging sub-module, configured to update a position and a speed of each particle, and judge whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; a third obtaining submodule, configured to obtain a fourth voltage and a third current of the photovoltaic array when the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; a fourteenth determination submodule to determine a third power of the photovoltaic array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; the second judging submodule is used for judging whether the third power meets a preset power range or not; and a fifteenth determination submodule, configured to take a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power meets the preset power range.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing module further includes: and a second repeating sub-module, configured to repeat, based on each of the updated particles, the step of calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles, to the step of taking, when the third power satisfies the preset power range, a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point, when the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power.
The functional description of the maximum power point tracking device based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the above embodiment.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, as shown in fig. 8, on which a computer program 301 is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the above embodiment. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical disc, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (HDD), a Solid State Drive (SSD), or the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that implementing all or part of the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by a computer program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program may include the above-described embodiment method when executed. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical disc, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (HDD), a Solid State Drive (SSD), or the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 9, which may include a processor 41 and a memory 42, where the processor 41 and the memory 42 may be connected by a bus or other means, and in fig. 9, the connection is exemplified by a bus.
The processor 41 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU). The processor 41 may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or a combination of the above.
Memory 42 acts as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as corresponding program instructions/modules in embodiments of the present invention. The processor 41 executes various functional applications of the processor and data processing, namely, implements the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the above-described method embodiment, by running non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 42.
The memory 42 may include a memory program area that may store an operating device, an application program required for at least one function, and a memory data area; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 41, etc. In addition, memory 42 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 42 may optionally include memory located remotely from processor 41, which may be connected to processor 41 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The one or more modules are stored in the memory 42, which when executed by the processor 41, perform the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array in the embodiments shown in fig. 1-6.
The details of the electronic device may be understood in reference to the corresponding related descriptions and effects in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 6, which are not repeated herein.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array is characterized in that the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module; the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic array and first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module;
determining a volt-ampere characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current;
searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step length and utilizing a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a base quantity to obtain a first maximum power point;
And processing the first maximum power point by a particle swarm algorithm to obtain a target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a first open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module comprises:
acquiring a second open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic array and the number of series batteries of the photovoltaic array;
the first open circuit voltage is determined based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series connected batteries.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein searching in the output power characteristic curve using the first open circuit voltage as a search step and using a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed based on the first open circuit voltage to obtain a first maximum power point comprises:
determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage;
determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries;
determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage;
and searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as the searching step length based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve in the searching range to obtain the first maximum power point.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein searching in the output power characteristic curve for the first open circuit voltage as the search step based on the volt-ampere characteristic curve in the search range, to obtain the first maximum power point, comprises:
acquiring a first voltage of the photovoltaic array;
determining a first current of the photovoltaic array in the volt-ampere characteristic based on the first voltage;
determining a first power of the photovoltaic array based on the first voltage and the first current;
updating the first voltage based on the searching step length, and acquiring a second voltage and a second current of the updated photovoltaic array;
determining a second power of the photovoltaic array based on the second voltage and the second current;
comparing the second power with the first power;
when the second power is larger than the first power, updating the first power by using the second power and updating the first voltage by using the second voltage until the second voltage is iterated to the maximum search voltage, stopping iteration, and obtaining a target voltage;
the first maximum power point is determined in the output power characteristic based on the target voltage.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein after comparing the second power and the first power, the method further comprises:
determining a first maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on the volt-ampere characteristic, the maximum search voltage, and the second current when the second power is less than the first power;
comparing the first maximum power with the first power;
repeating the steps of updating the first voltage based on the search step length and acquiring the updated second voltage and second current of the photovoltaic array to determine the first maximum power point in the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage when the first maximum power is greater than the first power;
when the first maximum power is smaller than and equal to the first power, judging whether the second power is equal to the first power or not;
and when the second power is equal to the first power, taking a power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array based on the first maximum power point via particle swarm optimization comprises:
Determining a third voltage of the photovoltaic array in the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point;
determining an initialization voltage for each particle based on the third voltage;
calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage for each of the particles;
determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the photovoltaic array based on each of the first search powers;
updating the position and speed of each particle and judging whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power;
when the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the photovoltaic array;
determining a third power of the photovoltaic array based on the fourth voltage and the third current;
judging whether the third power meets a preset power range or not;
and when the third power meets the preset power range, taking the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein after updating the position and velocity of each of the particles and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, the method further comprises:
And repeating the step of calculating a first search power of each particle based on the initialization voltage of each particle based on each updated particle when the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power, to the step of taking a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power satisfies the preset power range.
8. The maximum power point tracking device based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array is characterized in that the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module; the device comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array and the first open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module;
a determining module for determining a volt-ampere characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array based on the output voltage and the output current;
the searching module is used for searching in the output power characteristic curve by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a searching step length and utilizing a distribution principle that local optimal points of the volt-ampere characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed by taking the first open-circuit voltage as a base quantity to obtain a first maximum power point;
And the processing module is used for obtaining the target maximum power point of the photovoltaic array based on the first maximum power point through particle swarm optimization processing.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for causing the computer to execute the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to perform the maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the photovoltaic array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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