CN117288684A - Cone-shaped optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
Cone-shaped optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method based on compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and a tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging method based on compressed sensing, wherein the tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and the tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging method based on compressed sensing comprise the following steps: the system comprises a conical multimode fiber, a two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, an imaging module, a signal collection module and a point detector; the conical multimode optical fiber is arranged on the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, the position of the conical multimode optical fiber is adjusted through the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, and the laser light source emits multimode interference speckles after being transmitted by the conical multimode optical fiber and is used for irradiating and modulating sample information. The tail end core diameter of the conical multimode fiber can be controlled at a micron level, and the speckle illumination field of view is reduced by reducing the tail end core diameter so as to realize imaging of a sample with smaller size and realize calculation super-resolution imaging by combining a compressed sensing technology. The imaging limit of the method is far higher than that of a common multimode optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of imaging, and particularly relates to a conical optical fiber single-pixel imaging system, method and method based on compressed sensing.
Background
As early as centuries, optical microscopy has been an irreplaceable important characterization tool for materials such as chemistry and biology. As technology advances, optical imaging has broken through to finer dimensions, and the abbe diffraction limit indicates that the resolution of far-field imaging systems has been limited by the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the imaging system. In order to overcome the limitation brought by far-field diffraction limit, a series of super-resolution imaging technologies are broken through and developed, wherein the technologies comprise a near-field optical microscope, the limitation of the far field is bypassed, a light source is changed into a nano-scale light source by using an optical fiber probe and is detected deep into the near-field region of a sample, namely, the near-field region is smaller than one light wave long distance, and the super-resolution imaging of a certain region is realized by a scanning mode. In addition, the super-resolution microscopy based on fluorescence characteristics has better advantages in far field observation, and light activated positioning microscopy (PALM), random optical reconstruction microscopy (stop), stimulated emission loss (STED) microscopy, super-resolution imaging based on optical Scintillation (SOFI) and super-resolution imaging based on scintillation radius (SRRF) appear successively. The super-resolution microscope based on fluorescent molecules is more suitable for analyzing biological slices, and the imaging system based on optical fibers shows great advantages of imaging in deep tissues, and the micro-size and the better toughness of the super-resolution microscope can flexibly penetrate into the inside of living organisms to carry out endoscopic imaging.
Currently, an endoscopic imaging technology based on an optical fiber bundle, namely an endoscope, is well-established and applied to the medical industry. The fiber bundle itself is composed of thousands of fibers, which are not yet miniaturized in size, and the resolution of imaging depends on the number of fibers, and the gaps between fibers are prone to imaging artifacts. In recent years, technologies based on single fiber imaging have been widely studied, and have advantages over fiber bundles in terms of miniaturization. The imaging means mainly uses the complex wave front of wave front shaping to make it produce laser focusing points at different positions at the multimode optical fiber output end, thereby carrying out raster scanning imaging. In order to simplify the complexity of wave front shaping and improve the imaging speed, an optical fiber speckle illumination imaging method based on a Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm is further developed, and the imaging method is consistent with a single-pixel camera in nature, and is different in that a modulation light spot is not simply dependent on a Digital Micromirror (DMD) or a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), but the speckle generated by the mode interference effect of a multimode optical fiber or the optical fiber end surface coating is used as the modulation light spot of illumination, and finally a barrel detector is used for collecting one-dimensional intensity signals. And the imaging resolution of the single multimode optical fiber imaging technology based on the traditional wave-front shaping is limited by the diffraction limit of the optical fiber, and the imaging resolution can not be further improved. In contrast, CS techniques can reconstruct data far more than compressed signals based on sparsity of the original signal; similarly, for sparse image signals, images with higher resolution than far-field images can also be reconstructed. Recently, simulations have discussed in detail the resolution limit of speckle illumination single-pixel imaging based on CS technology, and an essential factor limiting imaging resolution is sparsity of samples. In addition, the number of data measurements, the choice of measurement speckle, and the performance of the reconstruction algorithm can also greatly affect the imaging quality and thus the imaging resolution. In the experimental level, research is recently carried out on modulating illumination and fluorescence signal detection of a fluorescent ball by generating a plurality of interference speckles at different positions of a fiber core of an incidence end of a laser excited multimode fiber, and finally a fluorescence image is reconstructed by a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm, so that imaging of submicron size is realized, and the diffraction limit of the multimode fiber is successfully exceeded. However, further enhancement of fiber-based endoscopic imaging resolution is of great interest, helping to observe more microscopic events in a living being or tissue volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem that the resolution ratio based on single optical fiber imaging in the prior art needs to be further improved, the system, the method and the method for conical optical fiber single-pixel imaging based on compressed sensing are provided, and the imaging field of view is reduced by a method for preparing a multi-mode optical fiber into a conical multi-mode optical fiber, so that the imaging resolution ratio is effectively improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method based on compressed sensing, comprising: the system comprises a conical multimode fiber, a two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, an imaging module, a signal collection module and a point detector; the conical multimode optical fiber is arranged on the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, the position of the conical multimode optical fiber is adjusted through the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, and the laser light source emits multimode interference speckles which change along with the spatial position after being transmitted by the conical multimode optical fiber and is used for irradiating and modulating sample information.
Tapered multimode fibers are made from multimode fibers that are tapered laterally and cut from the waist region. Multimode optical fibers transmit multiple modes at a given operating wavelength. The two-dimensional micrometer movable stage changes the incidence position of laser by moving the optical fiber fixed on the two-dimensional micrometer movable stage, so as to generate space modulation random multimode interference speckle, the minimum moving distance of the two-dimensional micrometer movable stage is not more than 0.1 mu m, and the movable direction is at least in the x-y directions.
The imaging module comprises an objective lens and a camera, and is used for imaging the sample and observing the irradiation condition of laser speckles irradiated on the sample.
The signal collection module comprises an objective lens and a beam splitting lens point detector. The signal collection module focuses the light intensity information of the speckle modulated sample by the objective lens and separates one path of light by the beam splitter for collection by the point detector.
The point detector is used for detecting one-dimensional light intensity information after the modulated speckles are used for a sample, and carrying out two-dimensional image reconstruction on undersampled one-dimensional light intensity through a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm;
a conical multimode optical fiber super-resolution imaging method based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1 generates multimode interference speckle, S2 generates a space modulation speckle illumination source, S3 adjusts the field of view of a speckle illumination sample, S4 characterizes modulated speckle sequence information, and S5 collects light intensity information and reconstructs an image.
The specific steps are as follows
S1: the laser source enters the tapered multimode fiber input end face to be transmitted for a certain distance to generate laser speckles with multiple mode interference;
s2: controlling the movement of the input surface of the tapered multimode fiber to generate spatially modulated random laser speckles by using a two-dimensional micrometer stage;
s3: the conical multimode fiber output end is directly close to the sample for illumination, and the change of the illumination field range is controlled by controlling the relative distance between the conical multimode fiber output end and the sample, so that imaging with different magnification is realized;
s4: an imaging module formed by an objective lens and a camera is utilized to precisely control the irradiation position and the view field size of the modulated speckle, and the camera is utilized to pre-characterize the speckle information as an input parameter of the subsequent image reconstruction;
s5: the signal collection module focuses the light intensity information after the modulated speckles act on the sample and collects the light intensity information through the point detector, and the image of the sample is reconstructed according to the detected light intensity and speckle information through the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm.
The invention fixes the end face of the conical multimode fiber on a two-dimensional micrometer platform; controlling the movement of the micrometer stage to change the excitation position of the laser on the end face of the conical multimode fiber; generating spatially modulated random multimode interference speckle; and collecting the light intensity of the modulated speckle on the sample through a point detector, and reconstructing the image information of the sample by using a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm based on the speckle and the detected light intensity. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
(1) The traditional multimode fiber imaging technology based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging cannot further reduce the illumination field of view when the sample is irradiated due to the fixed tail end core diameter, but the invention provides a method for preparing the multimode fiber into the tapered multimode fiber, and the minimum illumination field of view range is flexibly regulated and controlled by preparing the tapered multimode fibers with different tail end core diameters.
(2) The traditional multimode fiber imaging technology based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging has limited degree of improving imaging resolution, and the tapered multimode fiber used by the invention maintains multimode speckle characteristics and reduces illumination field of view, and has larger advantages than the common multimode fiber in CS-based computational super-resolution imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the optical path of a tapered multimode fiber imaging system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an imaging schematic diagram of the present invention incorporating compressed sensing and single pixel imaging techniques;
FIG. 3 is an optical view of a tapered multimode optical fiber prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
Example 1
The traditional single multimode optical fiber imaging based on wave front shaping has the characteristics of scanning imaging, the imaging speed is slower, and the imaging resolution is limited by the diffraction limit of the optical fiber. While single multimode fiber imaging based on compressed sensing single pixel imaging improves imaging efficiency and achieves imaging with submicron size, the imaging field of view cannot be further reduced and imaging resolution still needs to be further improved.
The embodiment discloses a conical multimode fiber imaging system based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging, which prepares multimode fibers into a terminal core diameter smaller than the original size and flexibly controls the core diameter size to be in a micron level. And combining the tapered multimode fiber with a two-dimensional micro-mobile station to produce spatially modulated multimode interference speckle as modulated light. The tapered multimode fiber reduces the minimum imaging field of view while retaining the modulated illumination speckle, effectively realizes imaging of smaller-sized samples and realizes computational super-resolution imaging in combination with CS technology.
The specific system block diagram of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes:
a narrow band Laser (Laser); in the embodiment, a 532nm laser is used as a light source and is focused on the input end face of the conical multimode optical fiber through a focusing light path, and lasers with different wave bands can be selected according to the requirements of imaging wave bands;
tapered multimode optical fiber (Tapered MMF); is made by transverse tapering and cutting from the waist region of a common multimode optical fiber, the tail end of the optical fiber is conical, the diameter of the fiber core of the tail end is different from a few micrometers to tens micrometers, and three conical multimode optical fiber optical diagrams with different sizes are shown in FIG. 3; in the embodiment, laser speckles generated by the tapered multimode fiber are used as a modulated light source for sample imaging;
two-dimensional micrometer mobile stations (XY stage); the micro-stage with two x-y moving directions can be controlled in a program-controlled way, and the minimum moving precision can reach 0.1 mu m; the method is used for moving the incident end face of the conical multimode fiber to change the laser excitation position to generate spatially modulated multimode interference speckles;
an imaging module; after the sample, consists of an Objective Lens (OL) and a camera (CCD); the method is used for imaging the sample to observe the irradiation condition of laser speckles irradiated on the sample in the embodiment;
a signal collection module; after the sample, an Objective Lens (OL), a Beam Splitter (BS) and a Point Detector (PD); in this embodiment for focusing the light intensity signal after the speckle has acted on the sample and is collected by a point detector.
According to the conical optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and the method based on compressed sensing, which are provided by the embodiment of the invention, the multimode optical fiber is prepared into the optical fiber with the tail end of which the core diameter is smaller than the original size and the core diameter size is flexibly controlled to be in the micron level. And the tapered multimode fiber is combined with a two-dimensional micrometer mobile station to generate a spatially modulated multimode interference speckle book as modulated light. The tapered multimode fiber reduces the minimum imaging field of view while retaining the modulated illumination speckle, effectively realizes imaging of smaller-sized samples and realizes computational super-resolution imaging in combination with CS technology.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a conical multimode optical fiber super-resolution imaging method based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging, which is an imaging method realized on the basis of an imaging system in the first embodiment, and the specific principle is as shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1: after the laser light source enters the input end face of the conical multimode optical fiber, laser speckles with multiple mode interference are generated after the laser light source is transmitted for a certain distance;
s2: controlling the movement of the input surface of the tapered multimode fiber to generate spatially modulated random laser speckles by using a two-dimensional micrometer stage;
carrying out two-dimensional path planning scanning on a two-dimensional micrometer stage, and carrying out corresponding two-dimensional path scanning on the conical multimode fiber end face fixed on the micrometer stage, so that the laser incidence points are scanned relatively; the total range of the scan path must not exceed the range of the core size, a range of illumination required for speckle with the scan in the example. All illumination speckles correspond to the measurement matrix Φ in CS theory, as illustrated in fig. 2.
S3: the conical multimode fiber output end is directly close to the sample for illumination, and the change of the illumination field range is controlled by controlling the relative distance between the conical multimode fiber output end and the sample, so that imaging with different magnification is realized;
s4: an imaging module formed by an objective lens and a camera is utilized to precisely control the irradiation position and the view field size of the modulated speckle, and the camera is utilized to pre-characterize the speckle information as an input parameter of the subsequent image reconstruction;
s5: the signal collection module focuses the light intensity information after the modulated speckles act on the sample and collects the light intensity information through the point detector, and a sample image is reconstructed according to the detected light intensity and speckle information through the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm;
the characterized speckle information forms a measurement matrix phi in CS theory, each speckle is specifically unfolded into a one-dimensional row vector, the length of the row vector is defined as N, N corresponds to the signal length of the sample x to be measured, namely the resolution, and the number of the speckle is defined as M; the measurement matrix Φ is thus an mxn two-dimensional matrix. Since the speckle measurement frequency M is usually much smaller than the signal length N of the sample x to be measured, an undersampling model in CS theory is formed, and a theoretical basis is laid for realizing calculation of super-resolution imaging. Defining the one-dimensional light intensity signal measured by the point detector as y, the whole single pixel detection process can be described as the following mathematical process:
y＝Φx (1)
where y is the light intensity signal obtained by the point detector, Φ is the measurement matrix consisting of illuminated speckles, and x is the sample to be imaged. The solution to the equation under the formula (1) in CS theory is based on the sparsity constraint of the sample, and the sample x is not required to be sparse, and only needs to have sparse characteristics in a certain transformation domain. Most samples in nature have sparsity in some transform domains, such as cosine transform domain, gradient transform domain, etc. Based on sparse constraint of the sample, solving the equation (1) by using a CS reconstruction algorithm, and finally obtaining a sample signal x.
In a word, the invention takes the conical multimode fiber as a modulated light generating device for single-pixel imaging, and can flexibly adjust the minimum imaging field of view while generating modulated speckles so as to realize imaging of smaller samples, and then the speckle information is represented by a camera and the light intensity information of the speckle modulated samples is collected by a point detector. And finally reconstructing the image based on a CS technology and completing calculation super-resolution imaging.
It is to be noted that the above examples and test examples are only limited to further explanation and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention that does not make significant features and significant improvements will still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method based on compressed sensing are characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a conical multimode fiber, a two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, an imaging module, a signal collection module and a point detector; the conical multimode optical fiber is arranged on the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, the movement of the conical multimode optical fiber is controlled by the two-dimensional micrometer mobile station, the position of the corresponding laser incident on the end face of the conical multimode optical fiber changes, and the laser source emits multimode interference speckles modulated by the spatial position after being transmitted by the conical multimode optical fiber and is used for irradiating and modulating sample information.
2. The compressed sensing based tapered fiber single-pixel imaging system and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tapered multimode fiber is made from multimode fiber that is tapered laterally and cut from the waist region.
3. The compressed sensing-based tapered fiber optic single-pixel imaging system and method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: multimode optical fibers transmit multiple modes at a given operating wavelength.
4. The compressed sensing-based tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method according to claim 3, wherein the two-dimensional micrometer movable stage changes the incident position of the laser by moving the optical fiber fixed on the two-dimensional micrometer movable stage, thereby generating spatially modulated random multimode interference speckle, the minimum moving distance of the two-dimensional micrometer movable stage is not more than 0.1 μm, and the movable direction is at least in the x-y directions.
5. The compressed sensing-based tapered fiber single-pixel imaging system and method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the imaging module comprises an objective lens and a camera for imaging the sample to observe the illumination of the sample by the laser speckle.
6. The compressed sensing based tapered fiber single-pixel imaging system and method of claim 5, wherein the signal collection module comprises an objective lens, a beam splitter, and a point detector.
7. The system and method for tapered fiber single-pixel imaging based on compressed sensing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the signal collection module is an objective lens for focusing the light intensity information of the speckle-modulated sample and a beam splitter for splitting a path of light for collection by the point detector.
8. The compressed sensing-based tapered optical fiber single-pixel imaging system and method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the point detector is used for detecting one-dimensional light intensity information after modulation speckle is applied to the sample, and performing two-dimensional image reconstruction on undersampled one-dimensional light intensity through a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm.
9. A conical multimode optical fiber super-resolution imaging method based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1 generates multimode interference speckle, S2 generates a space modulation speckle illumination source, S3 adjusts the field of view of a speckle illumination sample, S4 characterizes modulated speckle sequence information, and S5 collects light intensity information and reconstructs an image.
10. The method for tapered multimode fiber super-resolution imaging based on compressed sensing and single-pixel imaging as claimed in claim 9 comprises the following specific steps of
S1: the laser source enters the tapered multimode fiber input end face to be transmitted for a certain distance to generate laser speckles with multiple mode interference;
s2: controlling the movement of the input surface of the tapered multimode fiber to generate spatially modulated random laser speckles by using a two-dimensional micrometer stage;
s3: the conical multimode fiber output end is directly close to the sample for illumination, and the change of the illumination field range is controlled by controlling the relative distance between the conical multimode fiber output end and the sample, so that imaging with different magnification is realized;
s4: an imaging module formed by an objective lens and a camera is utilized to precisely control the irradiation position and the view field size of the modulated speckle, and the camera is utilized to pre-characterize the speckle information as an input parameter of the subsequent image reconstruction;
s5: the signal collection module focuses the light intensity information after the modulated speckles act on the sample and collects the light intensity information through the point detector, and the image of the sample is reconstructed according to the detected light intensity and speckle information through the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm.
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