CN117288317A - Device and method for verifying vibration displacement measurement precision of blade tip timing vibration measurement system - Google Patents
Device and method for verifying vibration displacement measurement precision of blade tip timing vibration measurement system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/16—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/28—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring areas
Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration displacement measurement precision verification device and method of a blade tip timing vibration measurement system, wherein the device comprises a to-be-detected sensor, a reference sensor, a rotating speed synchronous sensor, a blade tip timing signal processing system, an angle adjusting device, a to-be-detected sensor clamp, a reference sensor clamp, a rotating speed synchronous sensor clamp, a turntable, a positioning device and a fixed platform; the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are fixedly arranged on the fixed platform, the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are determined through the positioning device, and the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are coaxial; the probe end face of the sensor to be measured is opposite to the blade end face of the upper blade disc of the turntable; the probe end face of the reference sensor is opposite to the blade end face of the upper blade disc of the turntable; the probe end face of the rotating speed synchronous sensor is opposite to a boss of a leaf disc on the turntable; the sensor to be measured, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor are all connected with the blade tip timing signal processing system through signal wires.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-contact measurement, in particular to a device and a method for verifying vibration displacement measurement precision of a blade tip timing vibration measurement system.
Background
The rotating blades are core acting elements of important equipment such as aeroengines, gas turbines, steam turbines and the like, the operation state parameters of the rotating blades directly influence the working performance and the operation safety of equipment, and the on-line measurement of the vibration parameters of the blades under the complex working conditions is a key for ensuring the working performance and the operation safety of the equipment.
In recent years, the blade vibration online measurement method based on blade tip timing has the advantages of non-contact, low intervention and realization of full-stage blade measurement, is highly valued and developed at home and abroad, and has been listed in aeroengine test outline by European and American countries.
The principle of blade tip timing is that when the blade tip sweeps over the blade tip timing sensor, a pulse signal is generated, the blade arrival time is represented, and a rotating speed synchronous signal is used as a timing reference, so that the time sequence of each blade arriving at each timing sensor can be obtained. As the blade vibrates, the blade tip arrival time is advanced or delayed, and the blade vibration information such as the blade amplitude, frequency, phase, quality factor and the like can be obtained by processing the time sequence through a blade vibration parameter identification algorithm such as a single-parameter method, a double-parameter method, an autoregressive method, a frequency spectrum analysis method, a signal reconstruction method and the like.
At present, the accuracy of a blade tip timing method measurement result is verified through a measurement result of a strain gauge method in engineering experiments, but the strain gauge method is measured by sticking a strain gauge on the surface of a blade, belongs to contact measurement, can change the vibration characteristics of the blade, is difficult to meet the accuracy verification requirement of a blade tip timing vibration measurement system, and the tracing of vibration displacement by the strain gauge method needs to be conducted by means of a dynamic stress inversion model, so that the accuracy verification device of the mature blade tip timing vibration measurement system is not available at present. Based on the blade tip timing principle, the blade vibration displacement is an important data basis for identifying the blade vibration parameters through an algorithm. In summary, how to verify the measurement accuracy of the vibration displacement of the tip timing vibration measurement system, further determine the measurement accuracy of the tip timing vibration measurement system, and ensure high-accuracy online measurement of the vibration parameters of the rotating blade is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, solve the problem that the measurement precision of the current blade tip timing vibration measuring system is difficult to verify, and provide a device and a method for verifying the measurement precision of the vibration displacement of the blade tip timing vibration measuring system. The device utilizes the angle adjusting device to enable the sensor to generate precise angle change relative to the blade, and can simulate circumferential displacement change generated relative to the sensor when the blade generates vibration displacement. According to the method, the arrival time of the same blade passing through the sensor is measured, the arrival time difference is calculated by utilizing a difference method, the arrival time difference is converted into the rotation angle of the sensor, the rotation angle of the sensor is compared with the rotation angle of the angle adjusting device, the vibration displacement measurement precision of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is obtained, and the measurement precision verification of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is realized by comparing with the measurement precision threshold requirement of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a to-be-detected sensor, a reference sensor, a rotating speed synchronous sensor, a tip timing signal processing system, an angle adjusting device, a to-be-detected sensor clamp, a reference sensor clamp, a rotating speed synchronous sensor clamp, a turntable, a positioning device and a fixed platform;
the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are fixedly arranged on the fixed platform, the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are determined through the positioning device, and the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are coaxial;
the to-be-measured sensor clamp is arranged on the angle adjusting device, the to-be-measured sensor is clamped and fixed through the to-be-measured sensor clamp, and the probe end face of the to-be-measured sensor is opposite to the blade end face of the blade disc on the turntable;
the reference sensor clamp and the rotating speed synchronous sensor clamp are respectively arranged on the fixed platform and are respectively used for clamping and fixing the reference sensor and the rotating speed synchronous sensor; the probe end face of the reference sensor is opposite to the blade end face of the upper blade disc of the turntable; the probe end face of the rotating speed synchronous sensor is opposite to a boss of a leaf disc on the turntable;
the sensor to be detected, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor are all connected with the blade tip timing signal processing system through signal wires.
Further, the sensor to be detected, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor are any one of an optical fiber sensor, a capacitance sensor, an eddy current sensor and a microwave sensor; the reference sensor is used for providing positioning reference for the sensor to be detected, and the rotating speed synchronous sensor is used for determining the number of rotated circles, the rotating speed of the leaf disc and the starting moment of each circle of rotation.
Further, the blade tip timing signal processing system comprises a sensor driving module, an analog signal demodulation module, an analog-to-digital signal conversion module, a digital signal acquisition module and upper computer signal processing software, and the number of channels is at least 3.
Further, the turntable is composed of a motor, a main shaft and a leaf disc which are sequentially connected, wherein the motor is any one of an air floatation motor, a servo motor and a direct current motor.
The blade disc consists of blades and a boss, the boss is used for being matched with the positioning device to determine the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the rotary table, a mark is arranged on the boss and used for determining the starting moment and the rotating speed of each rotation of the blade disc, and bolt holes are formed in the blade disc and the main shaft and used for fixing and detaching the blade disc and the main shaft;
marks on the boss are nicks or reflective strips;
the sensor clamp to be detected, the reference sensor clamp and the rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp are respectively composed of a fixed seat, a supporting seat and a base which are sequentially connected, and sliding rail structures for adjusting the positions of the sensors are arranged on the fixed seats;
the blade is a straight plate blade, and the length of the end face of the blade is larger than the sum of the lengths of the to-be-detected sensor clamp and the reference sensor clamp; so that the reference sensor and the sensor to be measured need to measure the same blade end surface area and blade tip clearance.
The invention also provides a method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement precision of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring an initial sensing signal;
when the blade disc rotates and the blade passes, the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor acquire initial sensing signals in the form of analog voltage, wherein the initial sensing signals are respectively q 1 (t)、q 2 (t) when the boss mark passes, the rotation speed synchronous sensor obtains an initial sensing signal in the form of analog voltage as q 0 (t), wherein t represents time;
at t 0 For interval pair q 1 (t)、q 2 (t)、q 0 (t) carrying out sampling quantization to obtain the initial sensing signals of the digital voltage forms of the sensor to be detected, the reference sensor and the rotating speed synchronous sensor, wherein the initial sensing signals are respectively q 1 (nt 0 )、q 2 (nt 0 )、q 0 (nt 0 ) N is the number of sampling points, t=nt 0 ；
S2, obtaining an initial blade tip arrival time signal;
the blade end surface area and the blade tip gap are identical when the sensor to be measured and the reference sensor are used for measuring, and only the difference of the blade tip arrival time exists; eliminating the influence of the blade tip clearance on the blade tip arrival time by using a signal processing algorithm; obtaining the initial blade tip arrival time signals of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as ToA respectively 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 )；
S3, calculating the initial circumferential displacement difference s of each blade of the bladed disk 12 (j)；
S4, acquiring a circumferential displacement change value of the sensor to be detected;
the angle adjusting device is adjusted to change the angle of the sensor to be measured, and the angle is recorded as beta, and the unit is degree; obtaining the circumferential displacement change value of the sensor to be measured as
S5, acquiring a sensing signal after the change;
referring to step S1, the sensor signal of the analog voltage form after the sensor to be measured is changed is q 1 't' the reference sensor is unchanged in position, its sensing signal in the form of an analog voltage is denoted q 2 ' t, the rotation speed synchronous sensor obtains the sensing signal in the form of analog voltage after being changed as q 0 ' (t); at t 0 For interval pair q 1 ’(t)、q 2 ' (t) and q 0 ' (t) sampling and quantizing to obtain the sensing signals with the changed digital voltage forms as q respectively 1 ’(nt 0 )、q 2 ’(nt 0 )、q 0 ’(nt 0 )；
S6, obtaining a changed blade tip arrival time signal;
referring to step S2, the signals of the tip arrival time after the change of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor are respectively TOA obtained by utilizing a signal processing algorithm 1 ’(nt 0 ) And ToA 2 ’(nt 0 )；
S7, calculating the circumferential displacement difference s of each blade of the bladed disk after being changed 1'2 (j)；
S8, calculating differences between the results obtained in the step S3 and the step S7 to obtain a circumferential displacement change measurement value S of the sensor to be measured 11' (j)，s 11' (j)＝s 12 (j)-s 1'2 (j)；
S9, verifying the vibration displacement measurement precision of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system.
Further, the signal processing algorithm in the step S2 comprises a constant ratio moment identification method and a signal centroid extraction method;
(201) Constant ratio time discrimination method
The constant ratio time refers to a certain ratio of sensing signal peak values under the current tip clearance as a trigger level, and the initial tip arrival time of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is respectively
ToA 1 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 1 (nt 0 ,d 1 )] (1)
ToA 2 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 2 (nt 0 ,d 2 )] (2)
Wherein d is 1 And d 2 Indicating tip clearance of the sensor under test and the reference sensor, which causes an initial sensor signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Taking different ratios k according to actual measurement conditions, wherein k is 80% -90%; as can be seen from formulas (1) and (2), for different tip clearances, the trigger level is dynamic, eliminating the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival time;
(202) Signal centroid extraction method
For the sensor signal acquired by the sensor, the centroid corresponding to the pulse generated when a blade sweeps is expressed as a weighted average of the amplitude of the sensor signal over time, expressed as
Where q (t) represents the sensor signal in the form of an analog voltage acquired by the sensor, t m 、t n Representing the start and end times, t, of any pulse in analog voltage form l Representing window width for controlling centroid calculation to sense signal centroid time t c Characterizing the tip arrival time ToA;
initial sensor signal q of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Represented as
q 1 (nt 0 )＝α 1 q(nt 0 ) (4)
q 2 (nt 0 )＝α 2 q(nt 0 ) (5)
Wherein alpha is 1 And alpha 2 Is a constant magnitude;
substituting equations (4) and (5) into equation (3) to obtain the tip arrival time ToA 1 With ToA 2 Are all
Wherein n is 1 And n 2 The starting time and the ending time of any pulse under the digital voltage form are represented; from equation (6), the initial sense signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Is a constant of magnitude alpha 1 And alpha 2 Is eliminated, i.e. the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival time is eliminated in principle from the algorithm.
Further, in step S3, the total number of blades of the blade disc is set to be J, the first blade appearing after the marking of the boss is a number 0 blade, and the like, and the numbers of the blades are sequentially from number 0 to (J-1); the rotation time is T; the rotation speed is n r The unit is circle/minute; the number of rotations is K, then k=n r T, marking the boss mark as one rotation every time, and each rotation number is from 0 to (K-1);
initial tip arrival time signal ToA of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 ) In the form of each blade per turn ToA 1 (j, k) and ToA 2 (j, k) is expressed as
Initial sensing signal q of rotation speed synchronous sensor 0 (nt 0 ) In the form of each turn T 0 (k) Represented as
T 0 (k)＝q 0 (nt 0 )＝[T 00 T 01 ... T 0(K-1) ] (9)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the steps (7) and (8)
In order to further eliminate the influence of rotating speed fluctuation of the turntable and shaft jump on the blade tip arrival time difference, the blade tip arrival time difference of each blade to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by averaging a plurality of circles
The initial circumferential displacement difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the method (11) as follows
Wherein r is the distance from the leaf end to the center of the rotating shaft.
Further, in step S7, the post-change rotation time is denoted as T' and the rotation speed is denoted as n r ' in turns/min, the number of rotations is K ', then K ' =n r 'T'; obtaining the blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as
ΔToA'(j,k)＝ToA 1 '(j,k)-ToA 2 '(j,k) (14)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by averaging a plurality of circles
The circumferential displacement difference between the sensor to be measured and the reference sensor after change is
Further, in step S8,
further, in step S9, a calculation is performed as shown in formula (18), wherein S 0 If the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met, the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met when the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met in the formula (18);
|s 11' (j)-l 11' |≤s 0 (18)。
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification device and method of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system replace the traditional process that a strain gauge method traces the vibration displacement through a dynamic stress inversion method, and the method is changed from contact type to non-contact type, so that the measurement accuracy verification requirement can be met.
(2) The circumferential displacement change generated by the sensor relative to the vibration displacement generated by the blade is converted into the circumferential displacement change generated by the angle adjusting device to be measured, a blade vibration excitation device is not needed, and the device is simple and easy to construct.
(3) Different vibration displacements of the blade can be simulated by adjusting the angle adjusting device, and the device can realize controllable high-precision simulated blade vibration displacement change under different vibration conditions.
(4) The circumferential displacement change of the sensor to be measured is obtained by a reference sensor through a difference method, so that the device error is eliminated, and the high-precision circumferential displacement change can be obtained during measurement.
(5) The vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification of the tip timing vibration measurement system is realized on the tip timing method principle level, the tip timing vibration measurement system can be adapted to sensors with different measurement principles, and the expansibility is good.
(6) The method has the advantages of simple verification process, easy realization and high measurement precision, and can meet the precision verification requirements of tip timing vibration measurement systems with different measurement principles in the market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification device of a blade tip timing vibration measurement system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sensor installation in partial detail.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an angle adjusting device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a turntable.
Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of a vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification device of the tip timing vibration measurement system.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sensor clip connection to be tested.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a reference sensor clip connection.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous sensor clamp connection.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of the tip timing vibration measurement system.
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of tip arrival time of a tip sensor signal centroid representation.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-sensor to be detected, a 2-reference sensor, a 3-rotation speed synchronous sensor, a 4-angle adjusting device, a 5-sensor clamp to be detected, a 6-reference sensor clamp, a 7-rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp, an 8-turntable, a 9-positioning device and a 10-fixed platform;
501-a to-be-measured sensor clamp fixing seat, 502-a to-be-measured sensor clamp supporting seat, 503-a to-be-measured sensor clamp base; 601-a reference sensor clamp fixing seat, 602-a reference sensor clamp supporting seat, 603-a reference sensor clamp base; 701-a rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp fixing seat, 702-a rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp supporting seat, 703-a rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp base; 801-leaf disc, 802-main shaft, 803-motor, 804-leaf, 805-boss, 806-mark.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a vibration displacement precision verification device of a blade tip timing vibration measuring system, which comprises a sensor to be tested 1, a reference sensor 2, a rotation speed synchronous sensor 3, a blade tip timing signal processing system, an angle adjusting device 4, a sensor clamp to be tested 5, a reference sensor clamp 6, a rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp 7, a turntable 8, a positioning device 9 and a fixed platform 10, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Specifically, the sensor 1 to be measured, the reference sensor 2 and the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 can be classified into an optical fiber sensor, a capacitance sensor, an eddy current sensor, a microwave sensor and the like according to different sensing principles, and the sensor to be measured, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor do not need to use the same type of sensor when vibration displacement accuracy verification is performed. The reference sensor is used for providing positioning reference for the sensor to be tested, and the rotating speed synchronous sensor is used for determining the number of rotated circles, the rotating speed of the blade disc and the starting moment of each circle of rotation. The sensor 1 to be measured, the reference sensor 2 and the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 are all connected with the blade tip timing signal processing system through signal wires.
The blade tip timing signal processing system (except the sensor) comprises a sensor driving module, an analog signal demodulation module, an analog-to-digital signal conversion module, a digital signal acquisition module and upper computer signal processing software which correspond to different sensor types according to the different sensor types, and the number of channels is not less than 3.
The angle adjusting device 4 can be a multi-tooth indexing table, a rotary indexing table and the like, and the required precision is higher than the vibration displacement measurement precision of the tip timing vibration measurement system to be measured, which is usually higher than 10 times, as shown in fig. 3.
The turntable 8 is composed of a motor 803, a main shaft 802 and a blade 801, wherein the motor 803 can be an air-float motor, a servo motor, a direct current motor and the like, the fluctuation of the rotation speed is required to be as small as possible, and the rotation speed error is controlled to be +/-0.1 rpm when the rotation speed error is 1000 rpm. The blade disc 801 is composed of a blade 804 and a boss 805, wherein the boss 805 is used for determining the relative position of the angle adjusting device 4 and the turntable 8 in cooperation with the positioning device 9, and a mark, such as a notch, a reflective strip, etc., is arranged on the boss 805 to determine the starting time and the rotation speed of each rotation of the blade disc, as shown in fig. 4. The motor 803, the main shaft 802 and the blade disk 801 are sequentially connected, wherein bolt holes are formed in the blade disk 801 and the main shaft 802 for fixing and detaching the blade disk 801 and the main shaft 802.
The angle adjusting device 4 and the turntable 8 are fixedly arranged on the fixed platform 10, and the positioning device 9 is used for determining the positions of the angle adjusting device 4 and the turntable 8 so that the angle adjusting device and the turntable are coaxial as much as possible. The fixed platform 10 may be a damping vibration isolation optical platform, an air-floating vibration isolation optical platform, a marble vibration isolation platform, etc., and is required to be vibration-isolated and have high flatness for placing components that need to be on the same horizontal plane.
Specifically, the connection relationship of each component of the vibration displacement accuracy verification device of the tip timing vibration measurement system is as follows, as shown in fig. 5.
(1) The angle adjusting device 4 and the turntable 8 are placed on the fixed platform 10, and the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the turntable are determined by using the positioning device, so that the angle adjusting device and the turntable are coaxial.
(2) The to-be-measured sensor clamp fixing seat 501, the to-be-measured sensor clamp supporting seat 502 and the to-be-measured sensor clamp base 503 are sequentially connected, and the to-be-measured sensor clamp base 503 is fixed on the surface of the angle adjusting device 4, as shown in fig. 6.
The relative position of the sensor 1 to be measured is adjusted by utilizing the sliding rail structure on the fixture fixing seat 501 of the sensor to be measured, so that the probe end face of the sensor 1 to be measured is opposite to the end face of the blade 804 of the turntable 8, and the distance is not more than the measurable range of the sensor 1 to be measured.
(3) The reference sensor jig fixing base 601, the reference sensor jig support base 602, and the reference sensor jig base 603 are connected in this order, and the reference sensor jig base 603 is fixed to the fixing platform 10 as shown in fig. 7.
The relative position of the reference sensor 2 is adjusted by utilizing the sliding rail structure on the reference sensor clamp fixing seat 601, so that the probe end face of the reference sensor 2 is opposite to the end face of the blade 804 of the turntable 8, and the distance is not more than the measurable range of the reference sensor 2.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the positioning reference provided by the reference sensor, the same blade end surface area and blade tip clearance are required to be measured by the reference sensor 2 and the sensor 1 to be measured, so that the difference of the sensing signals of the reference sensor 2 and the sensor 1 to be measured only in the blade tip arrival time is ensured.
To ensure that the area of the end face of the blade measured by the reference sensor 2 and the reference sensor 1 is the same, the blade 804 may be a straight blade, and the length of the end face of the blade is greater than the sum of the lengths of the clamp 5 of the reference sensor 6.
In order to ensure that the tip clearance measured by the reference sensor 2 and the tip clearance measured by the sensor 1 to be measured are the same, the reference sensor clamp 6 and the reference sensor 2 can be adjusted during construction, so that the tip clearance of the reference sensor and the tip clearance of the sensor to be measured are the same as possible.
(4) The rotation speed synchronization sensor clamp fixing seat 701, the rotation speed synchronization sensor clamp supporting seat 702 and the rotation speed synchronization sensor clamp base 703 are sequentially connected, and the rotation speed synchronization sensor clamp base 703 is fixed on a fixed platform, as shown in fig. 8.
The relative position of the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 is adjusted by utilizing the sliding rail structure on the rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp fixing seat 701, so that the probe end face of the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 is opposite to the leaf disc boss 805 of the turntable 8, and the distance is not more than the measurable range of the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3.
(5) The rear ends of the sensor 1 to be detected, the reference sensor 2 and the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 are respectively connected with a sensor driving module, an analog signal demodulation module, an analog-digital signal conversion module, a digital signal acquisition module and upper computer signal processing software in sequence.
The embodiment also provides a method for verifying the vibration displacement precision of the blade tip timing vibration measuring system, the flow is shown in figure 9, the specific steps are as follows,
(1) Acquisition of initial sense signals
And constructing the vibration displacement precision verification device of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system according to the above. When the blade disc rotates and the blade passes, the sensor 1 to be tested and the reference sensor 2 acquire initial sensing signals in the form of analog voltage, which are respectively q 1 (t)、q 2 (t) when the boss mark passes, the rotation speed synchronous sensor 3 obtains an initial sensing signal in the form of analog voltage as q 0 (t), wherein t represents time. At t 0 For interval pair q 1 (t)、q 2 (t)、q 0 (t) sample and quantize to obtain the initial sensing signals in digital voltage form as q 1 (nt 0 )、q 2 (nt 0 )、q 0 (nt 0 ) N is the number of sampling points, t=nt 0 。
(2) Obtaining an initial blade tip arrival time signal
In this embodiment, the blade end surface area and the blade tip gap when the sensor 1 to be measured and the reference sensor 2 are measured are required to be identical, and only the difference between the blade tip arrival time can be obtained, so that the accuracy of measurement is ensured, and therefore, the 2 preconditions need to be satisfied before the subsequent steps are performed.
The blade end surface area is the same when the device is designed and built, and the blade tip clearance is the same when the device is designed and built, so that the influence of the blade tip clearance on the blade tip Arrival Time (ToA) is further eliminated by using a signal processing algorithm.
At present, the constant ratio moment identification method and the signal centroid extraction method can eliminate the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival moment, and one of the two methods can be adopted to process the initial sensing signal so as to obtain an initial tip arrival moment signal.
(201) Constant ratio time discrimination method
The constant ratio time refers to a certain ratio of sensing signal peak values under the current tip clearance as a trigger level, and the initial tip arrival time of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is respectively
ToA 1 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 1 (nt 0 ,d 1 )] (1)
ToA 2 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 2 (nt 0 ,d 2 )] (2)
Wherein d is 1 And d 2 Indicating tip clearance of the sensor under test and the reference sensor, which causes an initial sensor signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) The ratio k is preferably varied, typically 80% to 90%, depending on the actual measurement. From (1) and%2) It can be seen that the trigger level is dynamic for different tip clearances, eliminating the effect of tip clearances on the tip arrival time.
(202) Signal centroid extraction method
Centroid refers to the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide an object of uniform density in N-dimensional space into two parts of equal moment, i.e. the average of its point set. For the sensor signal acquired by the sensor, the centroid corresponding to the pulse generated when a blade sweeps may be expressed as a weighted average of the sensor signal amplitudes over time, expressed as
Where q (t) represents the sensor signal in the form of an analog voltage acquired by the sensor, t m 、t n Representing the start and end times, t, of any pulse in analog voltage form l Representing window width for controlling centroid calculation to sense signal centroid time t c Characterizing tip arrival time ToA, a signal centroid representation is shown in FIG. 10.
Initial sensor signal q of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Can be expressed as
q 1 (nt 0 )＝α 1 q(nt 0 ) (4)
q 2 (nt 0 )＝α 2 q(nt 0 ) (5)
Wherein alpha is 1 And alpha 2 Is constant in magnitude.
Substituting equations (4) and (5) into equation (3) respectively to obtain the tip arrival time ToA 1 With ToA 2 Are all
Wherein n is 1 And n 2 The start and end times of any pulse in the form of a digital voltage are indicated.
From equation (6), the initial sense signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Is a constant of magnitude alpha 1 And alpha 2 Is eliminated, i.e. the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival time is eliminated in principle from the algorithm.
Obtaining initial blade tip arrival time signals of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as ToA respectively by using any one of the two methods 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 )。
(3) Calculating the initial circumferential displacement difference of each blade of the impeller
The total number of blades of the blade disc is J, the first blade appearing after being marked by the boss is a number 0 blade, and the like, and the serial numbers of the blades are from number 0 to number (J-1) in sequence. The rotation time is T, and the rotation speed is n r (in turns/min), the number of turns is K, then k=n r T, each time the boss mark passes, the boss mark is marked as one rotation, and each rotation number is from 0 to (K-1).
Initial tip arrival time signal ToA of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 ) In the form of each blade per turn ToA 1 (j, k) and ToA 2 (j, k) is expressed as
Initial sensing signal q of rotation speed synchronous sensor 0 (nt 0 ) In the form of each turn T 0 (k) Represented as
T 0 (k)＝q 0 (nt 0 )＝[T 00 T 01 ... T 0(K-1) ] (9)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the steps (7) and (8)
In order to further eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the turntable and the shaft jump on the blade tip arrival time difference, the embodiment obtains the average of the blade tip arrival time differences of each blade to be detected and the reference sensor by taking a plurality of circles
The initial circumferential displacement difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the method (11) as follows
Wherein r is the distance from the leaf end to the center of the rotating shaft.
(4) Obtaining circumferential displacement change value of sensor to be measured
The angle adjusting device is adjusted to change the angle of the sensor to be measured and record the angle as beta (the unit is degree), and the circumferential displacement change value of the sensor to be measured is obtained
(5) Acquiring post-change sensor signals
Referring to the step (1), the sensor signal in the form of analog voltage after the sensor to be measured is changed is q 1 ' (t) the reference sensor does not change position, but for distinguishing from step (1) the analog voltage form of the sensor signal is q 2 ' t, the rotation speed synchronous sensor obtains the sensing signal in the form of analog voltage after being changed as q 0 ' (t). At t 0 For interval pair q 1 ’(t)、q 2 ' (t) and q 0 ' (t) sampling and quantizing to obtain the sensing signals with the changed digital voltage forms as q respectively 1 ’(nt 0 )、q 2 ’(nt 0 )、q 0 ’(nt 0 )。
(6) Obtaining the arrival time signal of the changed blade tip
Referring to step (2), obtaining the time signals of the tip arrival of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor after the change respectively as ToA by using any one of a constant ratio time discrimination method and a signal centroid extraction method 1 ’(nt 0 ) And ToA 2 ’(nt 0 )。
(7) Calculating the circumferential displacement difference of each blade of the impeller after being changed
Referring to step (3), the changed rotation time is recorded as T', and the rotation speed is n r ' in turns/min, the number of turns is K ', then K ' =n r 'T'. Obtaining the blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as
ΔToA'(j,k)＝ToA 1 '(j,k)-ToA 2 '(j,k) (14)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by averaging a plurality of circles
The circumferential displacement difference between the sensor to be measured and the reference sensor after change is
(8) Calculating circumferential displacement change measurement value of sensor to be measured
The circumferential displacement change measurement value of the sensor to be measured is obtained by the sensors (12) and (16)
(9) Verifying vibration displacement measurement precision of blade tip timing vibration measurement system
Performing a calculation as shown in formula (18), wherein s 0 When the vibration displacement measurement precision index requirement of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met (15), the meterThe vibration displacement measurement precision of the bright blade tip timing vibration measurement system meets the index requirement.
|s 11' (j)-l 11' |≤s 0 (18)。
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, and is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Numerous specific modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the claims, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a to-be-detected sensor, a reference sensor, a rotating speed synchronous sensor, a blade tip timing signal processing system, an angle adjusting device, a to-be-detected sensor clamp, a reference sensor clamp, a rotating speed synchronous sensor clamp, a turntable, a positioning device and a fixed platform;
the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are fixedly arranged on the fixed platform, the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are determined through the positioning device, and the angle adjusting device and the rotary table are coaxial;
the to-be-measured sensor clamp is arranged on the angle adjusting device, the to-be-measured sensor is clamped and fixed through the to-be-measured sensor clamp, and the probe end face of the to-be-measured sensor is opposite to the blade end face of the blade disc on the turntable;
the reference sensor clamp and the rotating speed synchronous sensor clamp are respectively arranged on the fixed platform and are respectively used for clamping and fixing the reference sensor and the rotating speed synchronous sensor; the probe end face of the reference sensor is opposite to the blade end face of the upper blade disc of the turntable; the probe end face of the rotating speed synchronous sensor is opposite to a boss of a leaf disc on the turntable;
the sensor to be detected, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor are all connected with the blade tip timing signal processing system through signal wires.
2. The device for verifying the vibration displacement measurement precision of the tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor to be tested, the reference sensor and the rotation speed synchronous sensor are any one of an optical fiber sensor, a capacitance sensor, an eddy current sensor and a microwave sensor; the reference sensor is used for providing positioning reference for the sensor to be detected, and the rotating speed synchronous sensor is used for determining the number of rotated circles, the rotating speed of the leaf disc and the starting moment of each circle of rotation.
3. The device for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of the tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the tip timing signal processing system comprises a sensor driving module, an analog signal demodulation module, an analog-to-digital signal conversion module, a digital signal acquisition module and upper computer signal processing software, and the number of channels is at least 3.
4. The vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification device of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the turntable comprises a motor, a main shaft and a blade disc which are sequentially connected, and the motor is any one of an air floatation motor, a servo motor and a direct current motor;
the blade disc consists of blades and a boss, the boss is used for being matched with the positioning device to determine the relative positions of the angle adjusting device and the rotary table, a mark is arranged on the boss and used for determining the starting moment and the rotating speed of each rotation of the blade disc, and bolt holes are formed in the blade disc and the main shaft and used for fixing and detaching the blade disc and the main shaft;
marks on the boss are nicks or reflective strips;
the sensor clamp to be detected, the reference sensor clamp and the rotation speed synchronous sensor clamp are respectively composed of a fixed seat, a supporting seat and a base which are sequentially connected, and sliding rail structures for adjusting the positions of the sensors are arranged on the fixed seats;
the blade is a straight plate blade, and the length of the end face of the blade is larger than the sum of the lengths of the to-be-detected sensor clamp and the reference sensor clamp; so that the reference sensor and the sensor to be measured need to measure the same blade end surface area and blade tip clearance.
5. A tip timing vibration measurement system vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification method, based on the tip timing vibration measurement system vibration displacement measurement accuracy verification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising:
s1, acquiring an initial sensing signal;
when the blade disc rotates and the blade passes, the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor acquire initial sensing signals in the form of analog voltage, wherein the initial sensing signals are respectively q 1 (t)、q 2 (t) when the boss mark passes, the rotation speed synchronous sensor obtains an initial sensing signal in the form of analog voltage as q 0 (t), wherein t represents time;
at t 0 For interval pair q 1 (t)、q 2 (t)、q 0 (t) carrying out sampling quantization to obtain the initial sensing signals of the digital voltage forms of the sensor to be detected, the reference sensor and the rotating speed synchronous sensor, wherein the initial sensing signals are respectively q 1 (nt 0 )、q 2 (nt 0 )、q 0 (nt 0 ) N is the number of sampling points, t=nt 0 ；
S2, obtaining an initial blade tip arrival time signal;
the blade end surface area and the blade tip gap are identical when the sensor to be measured and the reference sensor are used for measuring, and only the difference of the blade tip arrival time exists; eliminating the influence of the blade tip clearance on the blade tip arrival time by using a signal processing algorithm; obtaining the initial blade tip arrival time signals of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as ToA respectively 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 )；
S3, calculating the initial circumferential displacement difference s of each blade of the bladed disk 12 (j)；
S4, acquiring a circumferential displacement change value of the sensor to be detected;
the angle adjusting device is adjusted to change the angle of the sensor to be measured, and the angle is recorded as beta, and the unit is degree; obtaining the circumferential displacement change value of the sensor to be measured as
S5, acquiring a sensing signal after the change;
referring to step S1, the sensor signal of the analog voltage form after the sensor to be measured is changed is q 1 't' the reference sensor is unchanged in position, its sensing signal in the form of an analog voltage is denoted q 2 ' t, the rotation speed synchronous sensor obtains the sensing signal in the form of analog voltage after being changed as q 0 ' (t); at t 0 For interval pair q 1 ’(t)、q 2 ' (t) and q 0 ' (t) sampling and quantizing to obtain the sensing signals with the changed digital voltage forms as q respectively 1 ’(nt 0 )、q 2 ’(nt 0 )、q 0 ’(nt 0 )；
S6, obtaining a changed blade tip arrival time signal;
referring to step S2, the signals of the tip arrival time after the change of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor are respectively TOA obtained by utilizing a signal processing algorithm 1 ’(nt 0 ) And ToA 2 ’(nt 0 )；
S7, calculating the circumferential displacement difference s of each blade of the bladed disk after being changed 1'2 (j)；
S8, calculating differences between the results obtained in the step S3 and the step S7 to obtain a circumferential displacement change measurement value S of the sensor to be measured 11' (j)，s 11' (j)＝s 12 (j)-s 1'2 (j)；
S9, verifying the vibration displacement measurement precision of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system.
6. The method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of a tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 5, wherein the signal processing algorithm in the step S2 comprises a constant ratio moment identification method and a signal centroid extraction method;
(201) Constant ratio time discrimination method
The constant ratio time refers to a certain ratio of sensing signal peak values under the current tip clearance as a trigger level, and the initial tip arrival time of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is respectively
ToA 1 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 1 (nt 0 ,d 1 )] (1)
ToA 2 (nt 0 )＝k·max[q 2 (nt 0 ,d 2 )] (2)
Wherein d is 1 And d 2 Indicating tip clearance of the sensor under test and the reference sensor, which causes an initial sensor signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Taking different ratios k according to actual measurement conditions, wherein k is 80% -90%; as can be seen from formulas (1) and (2), for different tip clearances, the trigger level is dynamic, eliminating the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival time;
(202) Signal centroid extraction method
For the sensor signal acquired by the sensor, the centroid corresponding to the pulse generated when a blade sweeps is expressed as a weighted average of the amplitude of the sensor signal over time, expressed as
Where q (t) represents the sensor signal in the form of an analog voltage acquired by the sensor, t m 、t n Representing the start and end times, t, of any pulse in analog voltage form l Representing window width for controlling centroid calculation to sense signal centroid time t c Characterizing the tip arrival time ToA;
initial sensor signal q of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Represented as
q 1 (nt 0 )＝α 1 q(nt 0 ) (4)
q 2 (nt 0 )＝α 2 q(nt 0 ) (5)
Wherein alpha is 1 And alpha 2 Is a constant magnitude;
substituting the formulas (4) and (5) into the formula (3) respectively to obtainIts tip arrival time ToA 1 With ToA 2 Are all
Wherein n is 1 And n 2 The starting time and the ending time of any pulse under the digital voltage form are represented; from equation (6), the initial sense signal q 1 (nt 0 ) And q 2 (nt 0 ) Is a constant of magnitude alpha 1 And alpha 2 Is eliminated, i.e. the influence of the tip clearance on the tip arrival time is eliminated in principle from the algorithm.
7. The method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of a blade tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in the step S3, the total number of blades of the blade disc is J, the first blade after being marked by the boss is a number 0 blade, and the like, and the numbers of the blades are sequentially from number 0 to (J-1); the rotation time is T; the rotation speed is n r The unit is circle/minute; the number of rotations is K, then k=n r T, marking the boss mark as one rotation every time, and each rotation number is from 0 to (K-1);
initial tip arrival time signal ToA of sensor to be measured and reference sensor 1 (nt 0 ) And ToA 2 (nt 0 ) In the form of each blade per turn ToA 1 (j, k) and ToA 2 (j, k) is expressed as
Initial sensing signal q of rotation speed synchronous sensor 0 (nt 0 ) In the form of each turn T 0 (k) Represented as
T 0 (k)＝q 0 (nt 0 )＝[T 00 T 01 ...T 0(K-1) ] (9)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the steps (7) and (8)
In order to further eliminate the influence of rotating speed fluctuation of the turntable and shaft jump on the blade tip arrival time difference, the blade tip arrival time difference of each blade to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by averaging a plurality of circles
The initial circumferential displacement difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by the method (11) as follows
Wherein r is the distance from the leaf end to the center of the rotating shaft.
8. The method for verifying vibration displacement measurement accuracy of tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in step S7, the post-change rotation time is denoted as T', and the rotation speed is denoted as n r ' in turns/min, the number of rotations is K ', then K ' =n r 'T'; obtaining the blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor as
ΔToA'(j,k)＝ToA 1 '(j,k)-ToA 2 '(j,k) (14)
The blade tip arrival time difference of each blade of the sensor to be detected and the reference sensor is obtained by averaging a plurality of circles
The circumferential displacement difference between the sensor to be measured and the reference sensor after change is
9. The method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of the tip timing vibration measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in step S8,
10. the method for verifying the vibration displacement measurement accuracy of a tip timing and vibration measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in step S9, a calculation is performed as shown in formula (18), wherein S 0 If the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met, the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met when the requirement of the vibration displacement measurement precision index of the blade tip timing vibration measurement system is met in the formula (18);
|s 11' (j)-l 11' |≤s 0 (18)。
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