CN117279183A - Electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube - Google Patents
Electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117279183A CN117279183A CN202311472021.9A CN202311472021A CN117279183A CN 117279183 A CN117279183 A CN 117279183A CN 202311472021 A CN202311472021 A CN 202311472021A CN 117279183 A CN117279183 A CN 117279183A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- squirrel
- cage
- deuterium
- neutron tube
- tritium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 tritium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
- H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube, and belongs to the technical field of a turn-off neutron source. The storage is heated to release deuterium-tritium mixed gas, when a negative high voltage of 10 KV-100 KV is added to the squirrel-cage metal electrode (also a squirrel-cage target), ions of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are generated in the cavity, and the ion density of the central area is highest. Deuterium-tritium ions are accelerated towards a central area by an electric field in the cavity, pass through the central area and continue to move forward by inertia, return when the speed is reduced to zero, and do reciprocating motion in this way, and collide with the deuterium-tritium ions in the central area on the squirrel cage target to generate neutrons. The neutron tube with the structure has obviously improved service life and stability index. The service life of the PIG source neutron tube is improved by about 1 order of magnitude under the same neutron yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a turn-off neutron source, in particular to an electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube.
Background
At present, a Penning (PIG) ion source for leading out positive ions is adopted in a neutron tube produced at home, negative high pressure of-60 KV to-120 KV is added at the target end to accelerate deuterium (D) ions and tritium (T) ions generated by the ion source, and nuclear reaction occurs on the target to generate neutrons. During acceleration of the ion beam current, the faraday cylindrical surface surrounding the target is prone to forming field emission sites for electrons that are somewhat directed toward the ceramic wall, resulting in reduced insulating properties of the ceramic enclosure. Heavy ions generated by the penning ion source strike the target and generate secondary electrons, and if the secondary electrons enter the ion source, the working state of the ion source is destroyed, and serious consequences such as avalanche discharge are generated, so that a deflection magnetic field or other methods are required to restrain the secondary electrons. These factors are the main reasons for the low yield and short service life of neutron tubes in China. Because no ion source is adopted, the generation and acceleration of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) ions are completed in the same spherical space, deuterium and tritium ions gather towards the center of the spherical cavity, and the collision of deuterium and tritium ions occurs on the surface of the squirrel cage target of the spherical cavity and the central area to generate neutrons, and no independent ion source exists, so that the service life of the neutron tube can be greatly prolonged.
Therefore, how to provide a novel neutron tube is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube, which overcomes the defects of the existing PIG type ion source neutron tube.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube, which comprises: the ion source comprises a closed spherical metal cavity, a squirrel-cage metal electrode and a storage, wherein the squirrel-cage metal electrode is placed in the center of the closed spherical metal cavity, and the storage is sealed on the closed spherical metal cavity without an independent ion source.
Preferably, deuterium-tritium ions are constrained in the cavity by the electric field pointing to the sphere center in the closed spherical metal cavity and the mass of the ions, and reciprocate, and the density of deuterium-tritium ions in the central area is the largest.
Preferably, the inner surface and the outer surface of the squirrel-cage metal electrode are plated with titanium films to be used as targets of novel neutron tubes, namely squirrel-cage targets. The neutrons are generated partly on the target and partly in the central region of the sphere.
Preferably, all parts in the neutron tube are kept concentric, and the concentricity tolerance is not more than 0.02mm.
More preferably, when the storage is filled with deuterium-tritium mixed gas, 14.1MeV neutrons can be generated during operation; when the reservoir is filled with deuterium gas, 2.5MeV neutrons can be produced during operation.
Through the technical scheme, the invention provides a novel electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube by utilizing the principle of electrostatic inertial confinement, which has the structure that: the peripheral sealed spherical metal cavity is used as a ground electrode, and a squirrel-cage metal electrode is placed near the center of the spherical cavity and is also used as a target for generating neutrons. When a negative high voltage of 10 KV-100 KV is added to the squirrel-cage metal electrode, free electrons in the cavity are accelerated to fly to the inner wall of the metal shell, molecules of the deuterium-tritium gas are continuously collided with the ground electrode in the process of electron flight, the electrons are ionized into deuterium-tritium ions, meanwhile, electrons are discharged and accelerated to fly to the inner wall of the spherical metal cavity, the ionized deuterium-tritium ions are accelerated to the area of the squirrel-cage metal negative electrode by an electric field in the cavity, one part of the ionized deuterium-tritium ions are beaten to the squirrel-cage metal negative electrode in the process of ion flight to generate neutrons, the other part of the ionized deuterium-tritium ions pass through the squirrel-cage metal negative electrode to generate neutrons when passing through the squirrel-cage metal negative electrode, and the deuterium-tritium ions which do not collide continue to the inner wall of the spherical cavity to do deceleration movement by inertia, and return to the spherical cavity when the ion speed is reduced to zero, and are accelerated. In addition, during the operation of the neutron tube, the squirrel-cage metal electrode heats up, the temperature rises, and electrons are emitted and accelerated. This constantly reciprocates, forming a high density region of deuterium-tritium ions in the central region of the chamber, thereby forming a stable neutron output. The secondary electrons collided in the movement process of the deuterium-tritium ions are just needed for generating the deuterium-tritium ions, so that the problem of secondary electron suppression is not needed to be considered. The neutron tube with the structure also has the disadvantage that the squirrel-cage metal electrode can generate heat in the working process, and the heat is not easy to conduct out in time, so that the metal electrode is easy to melt. Here we use a high melting point metal material as the squirrel cage metal electrode plus a suitable cooling mechanism to solve this problem.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: the principle of electrostatic inertial confinement is utilized, stainless steel is used for manufacturing a spherical cavity, and the spherical cavity is used as a ground electrode. And placing a squirrel-cage electrode made of high-melting-point metal in the central area of the spherical cavity, and plating a titanium film on the electrode to serve as a squirrel-cage target. Solid-state reservoirs are provided at the evacuation and evacuation holes for storing deuterium-tritium working medium. After the system is subjected to a high-temperature exhaust process, impurity gas dissolved on the surface of the metal is removed, deuterium-tritium mixed gas is filled according to a certain proportion, and the deuterium-tritium mixed gas is stored in a deuterium-tritium storage device. The reservoir heating releases the deuterium tritium gas stored therein, the greater the heating current, the greater the amount of deuterium tritium gas evolved. At this time, negative high voltage of 50 kV-120 kV is added on the squirrel-cage metal electrode, and then continuous neutrons can be generated. When the neutron tube works, the stainless steel spherical cavity and the squirrel-cage metal electrode both generate heat, a part of hollow stainless steel metal shell is wrapped outside the stainless steel metal cavity for heat dissipation, and cooling liquid is introduced into the hollow part for cooling the stainless steel spherical cavity and the squirrel-cage metal electrode, and the part which is not wrapped is used as a neutron output area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a novel electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube, which is formed by sealing a spherical metal cavity, placing a squirrel-cage metal electrode in the center of the spherical cavity, plating a titanium film on the surface of the squirrel-cage metal electrode to form a squirrel-cage target, and sealing a storage. The storage is heated to release deuterium-tritium mixed gas, when a negative high voltage of 10 KV-100 KV is added to the squirrel-cage metal electrode (also a squirrel-cage target), ions of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are generated in the cavity, and the ion density of the central area is highest. Deuterium-tritium ions are accelerated towards a central area by an electric field in the cavity, pass through the central area and continue to move forward by inertia, return when the speed is reduced to zero, and do reciprocating motion in this way, and collide with the deuterium-tritium ions in the central area on the squirrel cage target to generate neutrons. The neutron tube with the structure has obviously improved service life and stability index. The service life of the PIG source neutron tube is improved by about 1 order of magnitude under the same neutron yield.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure:
the device comprises a 1-negative high-voltage electrode, a 2-ceramic insulating rod, a 3-squirrel cage metal electrode (squirrel cage target), a 4-reservoir electrode, a 5-oxygen-free copper tube, a 6-reservoir, a 7-cooling liquid outlet, an 8-neutron outlet, 9-cooling liquid, a 10-stainless steel spherical cavity wall, a 11-stainless steel metal shell, a 12-cooling liquid inlet and a 13-ground electrode.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The neutron tube of the invention is of a concentric spherical structure, the storage and the squirrel cage metal electrode are sealed in a stainless steel spherical cavity, and a cooling mechanism is arranged outside the metal cavity, so that an electric vacuum device with simple and compact structure and convenient use is formed, and the structure and the position relationship are shown in figure 1.
Firstly, sealing a negative high-voltage electrode 1 and a ceramic insulating rod 2 together, and smoothly welding the other end of the negative high-voltage electrode 1 and a squirrel-cage metal electrode 3; then sealing the manufactured ceramic insulating rod 2, the stainless steel ball-shaped cavity wall 10 and the stainless steel metal shell 11 together, and enabling the squirrel-cage metal electrode 3 (a titanium film is plated on the surface of the squirrel-cage metal electrode 3 in advance to be made into a squirrel-cage target) to be concentric with the stainless steel ball-shaped cavity wall 10; and then sealing the accumulator electrode 4 and the oxygen-free copper tube 5 on a flange, welding the other end of the accumulator electrode 4 and the accumulator 6 together in a spot welding mode, welding the other end of the accumulator 6 on the flange, and installing the flange on the neutron tube through a vacuum sealing ring. The oxygen-free copper tube 5 is used for vacuumizing and high-temperature degassing of the neutron tube, deuterium and tritium are filled into the oxygen-free copper tube 5, and the oxygen-free copper tube 5 is pinched off and sealed after the deuterium and tritium are filled; finally, a ground electrode 13 is welded outside the stainless steel metal shell 11, heat generated during operation of the neutron tube is cooled by the cooling liquid 9, the cooling liquid 9 flows in from the cooling liquid inlet 12, flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 7, and heat is taken away. Neutrons are produced when the neutron tube is in operation, wherein the flux of the neutrons is strongest at the neutron output port. All parts inside the neutron tube must be kept concentric, and the concentricity tolerance is not more than 0.02mm.
Taking phi 300 neutron tube as an example, the service life of the PIG source neutron tube is improved by 1 order of magnitude compared with that of PIG source neutron tubes with the same yield, the stability is not more than 3%, and the yield is higher than 90%.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. An electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel cage target neutron tube, comprising: the ion source comprises a closed spherical metal cavity, a squirrel-cage metal electrode and a storage, wherein the squirrel-cage metal electrode is placed in the center of the closed spherical metal cavity, and the storage is sealed on the closed spherical metal cavity.
2. An electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel cage target neutron tube according to claim 1, wherein deuterium-tritium ions are confined in the cavity by the electric field directed toward the sphere center in the closed spherical metal cavity and the mass of the ions themselves.
3. The electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface and the outer surface of the squirrel-cage metal electrode are plated with titanium films as targets of the neutron tube.
4. An electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel cage target neutron tube according to claim 1, wherein the parts in the neutron tube are kept concentric, and the concentricity tolerance is not more than 0.02mm.
5. The electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel cage target neutron tube according to claim 1, wherein when the storage is filled with deuterium-tritium mixed gas, neutrons of 14.1MeV are generated during operation; when the reservoir is filled with deuterium gas, 2.5MeV neutrons are produced during operation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311472021.9A CN117279183A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311472021.9A CN117279183A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117279183A true CN117279183A (en) | 2023-12-22 |
Family
ID=89206498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311472021.9A Pending CN117279183A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Electrostatic inertial confinement type squirrel-cage target neutron tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117279183A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-11-07 CN CN202311472021.9A patent/CN117279183A/en active Pending
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