CN1172737C - Two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea - Google Patents

Two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea Download PDF

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CN1172737C
CN1172737C CNB011086947A CN01108694A CN1172737C CN 1172737 C CN1172737 C CN 1172737C CN B011086947 A CNB011086947 A CN B011086947A CN 01108694 A CN01108694 A CN 01108694A CN 1172737 C CN1172737 C CN 1172737C
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swing adsorption
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CN1334136A (en
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宋宇文
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Chengdu Tianli Chemical Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a two-stage pressure-swing adsorption process for urea decarburization, which has the technical scheme that two stages of pressure-swing adsorption devices are connected in series; raw gas is synthetic ammonia conversion gas using coal as raw material; the first-stage pressure-swing adsorption device is used for purifying carbon dioxide, and the second-stage pressure-swing adsorption device is used for separating hydrogen and nitrogen; the first-stage pressure-swing adsorption device sequentially has the pressure-swing adsorption processing steps of adsorption A, equalizing pressure reduction ED, product carbon dioxide pressure reduction D, equalizing pressure rise ER and final pressure rise FR in one cycle period; the second-stage pressure-swing adsorption device sequentially has the pressure-swing adsorption processing steps of adsorption A, equalizing pressure reduction ED, backward discharging BD, vacuum pumping VC, equalizing pressure rise ER and final pressure rise FR in one cycle period. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of investment and operation cost saving, small loss of hydrogen and nitrogen of the devices, simple process flow and operation, and low failure rate of the device; as the adsorbent pressure increases, the advantages are obvious.

Description

Two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea
The present invention relates to a kind of two sections transformations absorption decarbonizing urea method, relate in particular to and adopt two-stage pressure swing adsorption from gas-making process with the coal is the synthetic-ammonia transformation gas of raw material, to carry out the method for decarbonizing urea.
We know, in the synthetic ammonia urea production process, carbonic acid gas in the conversion gas need be purified to more than 98.5% (V), also need the hydrogen in the conversion gas, nitrogen separation are come out simultaneously, carbonic acid gas general requirement in hydrogen, the nitrogen is less than 0.2% (V), therefore, in fact decarbonizing urea is exactly purifying carbon dioxide and separation of hydrogen, nitrogen from conversion gas.Adopt two-stage pressure swing adsorption to carry out the method for decarbonizing urea from conversion gas, existing disclosed abroad patent documentation report is as United States Patent (USP): U.S.Pat.Nos.4,171,207; 4,790,858; 5,133,785.In United States Patent (USP) (U.S.Pat.Nos.4,171,207; 4,790,858; 5,133,785) in, adopted two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, but its conversion gas is to be that raw material obtains through transforming with the Sweet natural gas, carbon dioxide content is lower in the conversion gas, have only about 20% (V), the carbonic acid gas quantity not sufficient that is used for urea synthesis, recovery rate of CO 2 general requirement are more than 95～99%, and adding the product that requires to obtain is pure carbon dioxide and pure hydrogen, so, thereafter a stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adopts general transformation absorption process for making hydrogen, washes reproducing adsorbent with hydrogen, and hydrogen recovery rate is low.If above-mentioned patent is used for synthetic-ammonia transformation gas purifying carbon dioxide that gas-making process is raw material with the coal and separation of hydrogen, nitrogen, then not only hydrogen, rate of recovery of nitrogen are very low, and power consumption and investment are also very high, increased the cost of synthetic ammonia, therefore external above-mentioned being used for the Sweet natural gas is the synthetic ammonia decarbonizing urea patented technology of raw material and to be not suitable for domestic be the synthetic ammonia decarbonizing urea of raw material with the coal.
Be in the synthetic ammonia decarbonizing urea technology of raw material at home with the coal, mostly adopt physical absorption method and chemical absorption method several years ago, wet method decarbonization process such as improvement hot potash method, improvement MDEA method, carbon third method and NHD method are more typically arranged, shortcoming such as these methods have the operation and maintenance costs height, solvent toxicity is big, technical process is complicated and labour intensity is big.Because domestic is the singularity that the synthetic ammonia urea production decarburization of raw material requires with the coal, require hydrogen nitrogen recovery height in the conversion gas on the one hand, on the other hand, carbon dioxide content is higher in the conversion gas, about about 27～29% (V), the carbonic acid gas that is used for urea synthesis is excessive, product recovery rate of CO 2 general requirement gets final product greater than 68～70%, so nearest 2 years, domestic-developed has gone out new employing two-stage pressure swing adsorption carries out decarbonizing urea from conversion gas method, as Chinese patent publication number: CN1235862A (the open date: on November 24th, 1999); CN1248482A (the open date: on March 29th, 2000), above-mentioned two technology are compared with the wet method decarbonization process, though technical process is simple, labour intensity is little, maintenance cost is low and eliminated solvent toxicity, though the integrated operation expense is lower than wet method decarburization when low pressure is adsorbed, but, when adsorptive pressure was higher, its investment and integrated operation expense did not totally relatively have advantage than carbon third method and NHD method decarburization height.
(the open date: on November 24th, 1999), adopted two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, the product of Huo Deing is pure carbon dioxide and hydrogen, nitrogen simultaneously at Chinese patent publication number: CN1235862A.From specification sheets as can be seen, the purpose of its invention is, in first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, use before the product carbon dioxide replacement, allow the interior gas concentration lwevel of adsorption tower improve as far as possible, to reduce displacement tolerance, energy efficient, for this reason, increased preadsorption FA and adsorb LA again and all press to finish after forward put to steps such as normal pressures, product carbon dioxide replacement pressure is normal pressure, the highest equal pressure drop number of times of adsorption tower is 6 times, after the equal pressure drop end of adsorption tower, being recycled to pressurizes in the unstripped gas again enters pressure-swing absorption apparatus to last portion gas along putting in the adsorption tower, and the suitable emptying of a part of gas in back is to normal pressure.If adopt this patent disclosure with some carbonic acid gas and the pressurization of other gas circulation, then increase pressure swing adsorption decarbonization device and compressor load on the one hand and increased investment, increased the power consumption of pressure swing adsorption decarbonization device vacuum pump and compressor on the other hand again, adsorptive pressure is high more, circulating flow rate is many more, and investment that pressure swing adsorption decarbonization device and compressor increase and power consumption are just many more.For example when adsorptive pressure is 2.0MPa, adsorption column pressure drops to 0.12～0.15MPa after adopting 6 equal pressure drops, its carbonic acid gas circulating flow rate will account for 35～40% of total carbon dioxide capacity in the raw material conversion gas, with adsorptive pressure is that 0.7MPa compares pressure swing adsorption decarbonization plant investment increase about 45～50% (comprising the investment that compressor increases), and the pressure swing adsorption decarbonization power consumption increases (be mainly compressor and increase power consumption) 50～60%.When adsorptive pressure was less than or equal to 0.8MPa (G), this method can be reduced investment outlay and energy consumption, compared with the wet method decarburization to have greater advantage.But, when adsorptive pressure during, adopt this method investment and energy consumption but will increase, and adsorptive pressure is high more more than or equal to 0.8MPa (G), investment and energy consumption increase are many more.
Equally, (the open date: on March 29th, 2000), also adopted two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, the product of Huo Deing is pure carbon dioxide and hydrogen, nitrogen simultaneously at Chinese patent publication number: CN1248482A.In Accessory Right claim and the specification sheets as can be seen, first, in two sections pressure swing adsorption decarbonization technology of its independent claim record, adsorption column pressure may also may be higher than normal pressure for normal pressure before vacuumizing after the equal pressure drop ED of the displacement pressure that the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement step adopts and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, when all the pressure drop number of times is abundant after adsorption tower absorption finishes, adsorption column pressure can be normal pressure before vacuumizing after the equal pressure drop ED of the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement pressure and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, but this will increase plant investment, the high more number of times of all pressing of adsorptive pressure is many more, the plant investment increase is big more, for example when adsorptive pressure is 2.0MPa, adopt 13～15 equal pressure drops adsorption column pressure could be dropped near normal pressure, with adsorptive pressure is that 0.7MPa compares first section and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus investment increase about 40～50%, and power consumption increases about 10%; Equal pressure drop number of times more after a little while after adsorption tower absorption finishes, adsorption column pressure is higher than normal pressure before vacuumizing after the equal pressure drop ED of the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement pressure and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, because adsorption column pressure is not decompressed to close with gas holder pressure and the equal pressure drop ED of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus does not drop to normal pressure before vacuumizing after finishing and just directly vacuumizes after the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement P step, not only wasted vacuum capability, increase the vacuum pump power consumption, and high pressure gas periodically enter vacuum pump, influence the life-span of vacuum pump and the formation of water ring, and then influence vacuumizes efficient, can damage the important spare part of vacuum pump when serious, vacuum pump can't be moved, the product amount of carbon dioxide of pressurized displacement is more approximately than the normal pressure displacement simultaneously, therefore, the used power consumption of the carbonic acid gas of compression pressurized displacement is replaced many than normal pressure, all the pressure drop number of times is few more, adsorption column pressure is high more before vacuumizing after the equal pressure drop ED of the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement pressure and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, the vacuum pump power consumption increases manyly more, and is just serious more to the damage of vacuum pump important spare part.Second, problem that two sections pressure swing adsorption decarbonization technology of its dependent claims 3 and 4 records exist and shortcoming are except increasing the vacuum pump power consumption, influence the life-span of vacuum pump and the formation of water ring, the important spare part of badly damaged vacuum pump, make outside vacuum pump can't move, when along adsorption column pressure after putting PP when low, the product carbonic acid gas of recovery can not satisfy urea production, adsorptive pressure is high more, and the problems referred to above and shortcoming that Chinese patent publication number: CN1248482A exists are serious more.When adsorptive pressure was less than or equal to 0.8MPa (G), this method can be reduced investment outlay and energy consumption, compared with the wet method decarburization to have greater advantage.But, when adsorptive pressure during, adopt this method investment and energy consumption but will increase, even the product carbonic acid gas that recovery occurs can not satisfy the situation of urea production, and the high more the problems referred to above of adsorptive pressure are serious more more than or equal to 0.8MPa (G).In addition, on Chinese patent publication number: CN1248482A (the open date: on March 29th, 2000), the sorbent material of filling has used zeolite molecular sieve in its adsorption tower, the loss of nitrogen will be increased, this be because carbonic acid gas and nitrogen the separation factor on the zeolite molecular sieve much smaller than carbonic acid gas and nitrogen the separation factor on silica gel, if adopt zeolite molecular sieve, then the loss of nitrogen will increase greatly in the conversion gas, can not satisfy urea production like this.
In addition, the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower is after all pressure drop finishes, also has higher pressure in the adsorption tower, hydrogen in this part gas, nitrogen concentration are (from the adsorption tower top to the bottom, hydrogen, nitrogen concentration are generally between 85～30% in its dead space gas) higher, if do not reclaimed, then hydrogen, nitrogen lose bigger.Prior art is that this part gas is put into feed circuit along the absorption direction or against the absorption direction, if put into feed circuit along this part gas of absorption steering handle, then the carbonic acid gas that goes out of adsorption tower internal adsorption agent depressurization desorption can pollute the sorbent material in adsorption tower exit and the carbon dioxide content in the purified gas is exceeded standard, in order to allow the carbon dioxide content in the purified gas meet the requirements, under the constant situation of other condition, must shorten the sorption cycle time, hydrogen, nitrogen loss reduce not obvious like this; If put into feed circuit against this part gas of absorption steering handle, then the carbonic acid gas that goes out of adsorption tower internal adsorption agent depressurization desorption will be played circulation in feed circuit, increase the load of pressure swing adsorption decarbonization device and compressor, make the power consumption of pressure swing adsorption decarbonization device increase about 20%, investment increases about 5%.
In the above-mentioned domestic and international patent application, the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower all has displacement and vacuumizes the VC step, and this will make decarbonization device investment and power consumption increase, and it is complicated that technical process becomes, and operation easier increases, the corresponding raising of plant failure rate.
It is reasonable to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of investment economy, and two sections transformation absorption decarbonizing urea methods that working cost is relatively low adopt the combination of different equipment and sorbent material to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.Make it to have the advantage of compared with prior art reducing investment outlay significantly, reduce hydrogen, the nitrogen loss of device, technical process and simple to operate, the failure rate of reduction device with process cost.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following means.
Two sections transformation absorption decarbonizing urea methods that the present invention adopts a kind of purifying plant need not replace and vacuumize, unstripped gas is that gas-making process is the synthetic-ammonia transformation gas of raw material with the coal, this method adopts two stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus serial operations, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for the purifying carbon dioxide product, and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for separation of hydrogen, nitrogen product.Conversion gas enters the adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower optionally adsorbs the water in the conversion gas successively, organosulfur, component such as inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas, Xi Fu partial CO 2 and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out from exit end and enter the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower is absorbing carbon dioxide optionally, is difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen are discharged the compression section that enters synthetic ammonia from exit end.The adsorption tower of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, equal pressure drop ED, product carbonic acid gas step-down D, equal voltage rise ER, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, the gas that the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower is emitted in product carbonic acid gas step-down D step is the product carbonic acid gas, the adsorption tower of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, equal pressure drop ED, the contrary BD of putting, vacuumize VC, equal voltage rise ER, the adsorption tower that the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus are in adsorption step exports effusive gas mixture and is mainly nitrogen, hydrogen.
The present invention compared with prior art reduces investment outlay and process cost significantly, has reduced hydrogen, the nitrogen loss of device, and technical process and operation become simply, have reduced the failure rate of device.Along with increasing of adsorptive pressure, this advantage is seen obviously more.
Between the equal pressure drop ED of first section transformation absorption and the product carbonic acid gas step-down D carbon dioxide replacement P step can be set, the gas that reclaims the RG step with the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower boosts to the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
Between first section transformation adsorption production carbonic acid gas step-down D and the equal voltage rise ER vacuum pumping step VC can be set
After the equal pressure drop ED of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finished, gas concentration lwevel was 85～98% (V) during the adsorption tower transient flow was given vent to anger, and its numerical range is generally 0.02～0.5MPa.。
The second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower has the RG of recovery step at drop pressure ED and contrary putting between the BD step, when the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower increased recovery RG step, must vacuumize at the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower had two sections gas lifts to press the 2ER steps between VC and the boost pressure ER step.
The sorbent material that loads from down to up in the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower is activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A, or activated alumina and gac, or activated alumina and Kiselgel A, the sorbent material of filling only is a Kiselgel A in the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
After the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbon dioxide replacement P step finishes, earlier the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into and all pressed surge tank, after adsorption tower and the pressure of all pressing surge tank are in a basic balance, again the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into gas holder.
The recovery RG step of the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower is that the independent adsorption bed T in this centre also can replace with surge tank with the reverse independent adsorption bed T in this centre that puts into of gas after all pressure drop is finished in its adsorption tower.
The first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower product carbonic acid gas step-down D step finishes the back and is communicated with middle independent adsorption bed T or surge tank, or directly be communicated with adsorption tower after the equal pressure drop of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, with the gas of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower recovery RG step the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower is boosted.This part hydrogen, nitrogen recycling to the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, investment increases about 2% and its power consumption does not only increase by the independent adsorption bed T in distinctive centre.
The mean concns of carbonic acid gas was 2～9% (V) during first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus was worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen, and in this scope, the high more effect of the mean concns of carbonic acid gas is good more.
When the equal pressure drop ED of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finished, gas concentration lwevel was 85～98% (V) during the adsorption tower transient flow was given vent to anger, and its numerical range is generally 0.02～0.5MPa.。
Description of drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 1 first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
Fig. 3 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 1 second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
Fig. 4 is the process flow sheet of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 2 first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption towers.
Fig. 6 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 2 second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption towers.
Fig. 7 is the process flow sheet of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 8 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 3 first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption towers.
Fig. 9 is the processing step working procedure table of the embodiment of the invention 3 second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption towers.
Embodiments of the present invention:
Unstripped gas of the present invention is that gas-making process is the synthetic-ammonia transformation gas of raw material with the coal, its typical table composed as follows:
Component H 2 N 2 CO 2 CO CH 4 O 2+Ar Total sulfur H 2O (vapour)
Concentration (%) (V) 46～ 55 15～ 18 22～ 32 0.3～8 1～2 ≤0.8 ≤ 300mg/Nm 3 Saturated
Two sections transformation absorption decarbonizing urea methods that the present invention adopts a kind of purifying plant need not replace and vacuumize, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for the purifying carbon dioxide product, the mean concns of carbonic acid gas was 2～9% (V) during its adsorption tower was worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen, the sorbent material that loads from down to up in the adsorption tower is an activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A, or be activated alumina and gac, or be activated alumina and Kiselgel A, the carbonic acid gas (mean concns is 2～9% (V)) that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen is removed to below 0.2%, and the sorbent material of filling is a Kiselgel A in the adsorption tower.Each adsorption tower of two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences following steps successively in a circulation.
First stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus:
(1) absorption A
The adsorption tower of the conversion pneumatic transmission being gone into to be in adsorption step advances Ke Kou, sorbent material in the adsorption tower optionally adsorbs the water in the conversion gas successively, component such as organosulfur and inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas, Xi Fu partial CO 2 and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out from exit end and enter the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, As time goes on, adsorbent water, the total amount of component such as organosulfur and inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb said components is saturated, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished.Gas concentration lwevel can be controlled at 2～9% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) equal pressure drop ED
After absorption finishes, hydrogen in the dead space gas in the adsorption tower, nitrogen gas concn is higher and gas concentration lwevel is lower, this part hydrogen, nitrogen need be recycled on the one hand, gas concentration lwevel needs to improve in the adsorption tower on the other hand, for this reason, must be the gas in the adsorption tower along adsorbing direction from the step-down of adsorption tower exit.The gradation of dead space gas is discharged from adsorption tower outlet and is entered this section and finished the corresponding adsorption tower of evacuation step and boost, gas of every row is just all pressed once, along with the increase of all pressing number of times, the gas concentration lwevel in adsorption tower exit constantly increases, and hydrogen, nitrogen obtain recycling simultaneously.All press number of times to finish the gas concentration lwevel decision in adsorption tower exit, back by adsorptive pressure and absorption.Promptly all press number of times to satisfy and all press the gas concentration lwevel that finishes adsorption tower exit, back in 50～96% (V) scope, best at 75～90% (V).
(3) product carbonic acid gas step-down D
After adsorption tower and the pressure of all pressing surge tank are in a basic balance, the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into gas holder until near gas holder pressure.After product carbon dioxide replacement P (if having words) finishes, the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into all pressed surge tank earlier, again the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into gas holder until near gas holder pressure.
(4) two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER
After product carbonic acid gas step-down D finished, the gas of independent adsorption bed T boosted to finishing the adsorption tower that vacuumizes step from the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower exit end in the middle of entering after utilizing the equal pressure drop ED of the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower to finish.
(5) equal voltage rise ER
After two sections gas lifts press 2ER to finish, utilize all voltage drop step expellant gas of this section, enter adsorption tower from exit end, make the adsorption tower pressure that progressively raises, all voltage rise equates with the number of times of equal pressure drop.The gas of each all voltage rises is from the equal pressure drop gas of different adsorption towers.
(7) FR that finally boosts
After all voltage rise finishes, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and adsorption tower is boosted, until being raised to adsorptive pressure from the top.
Second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus
(1) absorption A
The adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step is worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen and is sent into the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower is absorbing carbon dioxide optionally, and components such as the carbon monoxide of difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are discharged the compression section that enters synthetic ammonia from exit end.As time goes on, adsorbent total carbon dioxide capacity constantly increases, and when the adsorbents adsorb carbonic acid gas is saturated, stops air inlet, and this moment, absorption finished, and gas concentration lwevel must be controlled at below 0.2% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) equal pressure drop ED
After absorption finished, hydrogen in the dead space gas in the adsorption tower, nitrogen gas concn were higher, and this part hydrogen, nitrogen need be recycled.The gradation of dead space gas is discharged from adsorption tower outlet and is entered this section and finished the corresponding adsorption tower of evacuation step and boost, and gas of every row is just all pressed once, and along with the increase of all pressing number of times, the gas concentration lwevel in adsorption tower exit constantly increases.All press number of times to finish the gas concentration lwevel decision in adsorption tower exit, back by adsorptive pressure and absorption.
(3) reclaim RG
After all pressure drop ED finishes, the reverse independent adsorption bed T in the centre that sorbent material is housed that puts into of gas in the adsorption tower, after this more independent adsorption bed T in this centre is communicated with the adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus has just exhausted vacuum, hydrogen, nitrogen to second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus are reclaimed, with hydrogen, the rate of recovery of nitrogen that improves whole pressure-swing absorption apparatus decarbonization device.
(4) the contrary BD of putting
After reclaiming the RG end,, must gas be reduced to normal pressure against the absorption direction if gaseous tension is higher in the adsorption tower.
(5) vacuumize VC
Reclaim RG or contrary put BD and finish after, from the adsorption tower bottom with vacuum pump with the emptying of releasing of adsorbent carbonic acid gas and other component, make sorbent material obtain regeneration.
(6) equal voltage rise ER
After vacuumizing end, utilize equal voltage drop step expellant gas, enter from exit end and finish the adsorption tower that vacuumizes step, make the adsorption tower pressure that progressively raises, all voltage rise equates with the number of times of equal pressure drop.The gas of each all voltage rises is from the equal pressure drop gas of different adsorption towers
(7) FR that finally boosts
After all voltage rise finishes, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and adsorption tower is boosted, until being raised to adsorptive pressure from the top.
Embodiments of the invention 1:
This routine unstripped gas adopts the synthetic-ammonia transformation gas of gap method gas making acquisition for being raw material with the hard coal.Adopt the present invention the carbonic acid gas in this synthetic-ammonia transformation gas to be purified and separation hydrogen, nitrogen wherein.
Component H 2N 2CO 2CO CH 4O 2+ Ar total sulfur water (vapour)
Concentration V% 52～53 17～18 28≤0.8 1～2≤0.8 150mg/Nm 2Saturated
Temperature :≤40 ℃
Pressure: 0.7MPa (G)
As shown in Figure 1, adsorption tower A～F is totally 6 composition first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, and the sorbent material that loads from down to up in the adsorption tower is followed successively by activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A, moves single tower absorption and all presses program four times; Adsorption tower a～g is totally 7 composition second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, and the sorbent material of filling is a Kiselgel A in the adsorption tower, moves single tower absorption and all presses program four times, utilizes vacuum pipeline G27 that adsorption tower is vacuumized by vacuum pump P2.V1, V are respectively the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus product carbonic acid gas intermediate buffering jar and product carbonic acid gas gas holder, and P2 is the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus vacuum pump.Present embodiment is with above-mentioned two stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus serial operations, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is purified to carbonic acid gas more than 98.5% (V), be used for urea synthesis, the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus effect is that working off one's feeling vent one's spleen of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus further purified, make in the hydrogen, nitrogen of the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower a～g upper end outlet gas concentration lwevel less than 0.2% (V), to satisfy the needs of next step operation of synthetic ammonia.
Conversion gas enters the adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower optionally adsorbs the components such as water, organosulfur, inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas in the conversion gas successively, components such as the carbon monoxide of Xi Fu partial CO 2 and difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are not discharged from exit end and are entered the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower is absorbing carbon dioxide optionally, and components such as the carbon monoxide of difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are discharged from exit end and entered compression section.The adsorption tower of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, product carbonic acid gas step-down D, two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is the product carbonic acid gas at the gas that product carbonic acid gas step-down D step obtains, the adsorption tower of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, reclaim RG, the contrary BD of putting, vacuumize VC, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, the gas mixture that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in the adsorption tower outlet discharge of adsorption step is mainly nitrogen, hydrogen product wherein also contains a spot of carbon monoxide and methane.Be example with the A tower now, contrast Fig. 2 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the A tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1A, 2A, conversion gas enters adsorption tower A through pipeline G11, in the A adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the water in the conversion gas successively, organosulfur, component such as inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas, Xi Fu partial CO 2 and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out through sequencing valve 2A from exit end and enter the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, As time goes on, adsorbent water, the total amount of component such as organosulfur and inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb said components is saturated, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and closed sequencing valve 1A, 2A, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 9% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3A, 3C, the gas in the A tower enters the C tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the C tower and all rises, and after A and C pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3A.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4D, the gas in the A tower enters the D tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the D tower and all rises, and after A and D pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4D.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4E, the gas in the A tower enters the E tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the E tower and all rises, and after A and E pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4A.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5A, 5F, the gas in the A tower enters the F tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the F tower and all rises, and when the gas concentration lwevel in A tower exit during greater than 85% (V), closes sequencing valve 5A, 5F.
(6) product carbonic acid gas step-down D
Open sequencing valve KV11b, product carbonic acid gas gas holder V is put in product carbonic acid gas step-down in the A tower, when the pressure of A tower during near gas holder V pressure, close sequencing valve 8A, KV11b, open sequencing valve KV11c at last, V1 is communicated with gas holder V with product carbonic acid gas intermediate buffering jar, when product carbonic acid gas intermediate buffering jar V1 pressure during near gas holder V pressure, closes sequencing valve KV11c.
(7) two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER
Product carbonic acid gas step-down D opens sequencing valve 5A, KV13a after finishing, and the gas in the middle independent adsorption bed T enters the A tower A tower is boosted, and boosts after the end, closes sequencing valve KV13a.
(8) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
Two sections gas lifts are opened sequencing valve 5B after pressing 2ER to finish, and the gas in the B tower enters the A tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the A tower and all rise, four all end is fallen and after, close sequencing valve 5A, 5B.
(9) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4C, the gas in the C tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the A tower and all rises, and after C and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4C.
(10) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4D, the gas in the D tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the A tower and all rises, and after D and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4D, 4A.
(11) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3A, 3E, the gas in the E tower enters the A tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the A tower and all rises, and after E and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3E.
(12) FR that finally boosts
One all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve KV10, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost from the top to the A tower, when the A pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV10,3A.
So far, the A tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～F adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 2.
Be example with a tower now, contrast Fig. 3 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the a tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1a, 2a, conversion gas enters adsorption tower a through pipeline G21, in a adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the components such as carbonic acid gas of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen, Xi Fu amounts of carbon dioxide and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out the compression section that enters synthetic ammonia from exit end through sequencing valve 2a, As time goes on, adsorbent total carbon dioxide capacity constantly increases, and when the adsorbents adsorb carbonic acid gas was saturated, gas concentration lwevel was controlled at below 0.2% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen, close sequencing valve 1a, 2a, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and closed sequencing valve 1a, 2a, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below 0.2% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3a, 3c, the gas in a tower enters the c tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to the c tower and all rises, and after a and c pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3a.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4d, the gas in a tower enters the d tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to the d tower and all rises, and after a and d pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4d.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4e, the gas in a tower enters the e tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to the e tower and all rises, and after a and e pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4a.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5f, the gas in a tower enters the f tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to the f tower and all rises, and after a and f pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5f.
(6) reclaim RG
Four all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6a, KV13b, with the gas in a tower is reverse put in the middle of independent adsorption bed T, the gaseous tension in a tower is dropped near normal pressure, after finishing, close sequencing valve KV13b.
(7) the contrary BD of putting
After reclaiming the RG end, open sequencing valve KV13c,, when the gas in a tower drops to normal pressure, close sequencing valve 6a, KV13c the reverse emptying of the gas in a tower.
(7) vacuumize VC (V)
Contrary put BD and finish after, open sequencing valve 7a, through pipeline G27, vacuum pump P2 from a tower bottom the emptying of releasing of the gas in the tower, vacuumize end after, close sequencing valve 7a.
(8) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
After vacuumizing end, open sequencing valve 5a, 5c, the gas in the c tower enters a tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to a tower and all rises, and after c and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5c.
(9) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4d, the gas in the d tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to a tower and all rises, and after d and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4d.
(10) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4e, the gas in the e tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to a tower and all rises, and after e and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4e, 4a.
(11) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3a, 3f, the gas in the f tower enters a tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to a tower and all rises, and after f and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3f.
(12) FR that finally boosts
One all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve KV12, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost from the top to a tower, when a pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV12,3a.
So far, a tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～g adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 3.
The present embodiment result is 98.5% (V) for the product carbon dioxide purity, and recovery rate of CO 2 is greater than 80% (V), and gas concentration lwevel is less than 0.1% (V) in product hydrogen, the nitrogen.
For present embodiment, adopt processing method of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 0.7MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, sorbent material kind and ratio, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption decline 75% per ton (about 90 degree), the investment of decarburization original equipment can be saved about 10% (about 2,000,000 yuan), the nitrogen loss is than prior art (CN1248482A, CN1235862A) reduced 35%, hydrogen loss has reduced 30%, annual thus to about 4,500,000 yuan of enterprise's increase direct economic benefits (electricity is by 0.25 yuan of every degree), and technical process is corresponding with operation simple, has reduced the failure rate of device.
For present embodiment, adopt particular adsorbent combination of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 0.7MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, (nitrogen loss reduction changes with the ratio that molecular sieve and activated carbon account for nitrogen loss reduction average out to 55% of the present invention, 55% reduction is the mean value under the various ratios), synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 12% (about 18 degree), decarburization original equipment investment can be saved 2.5% (about 500,000 yuan), annually thus increases about 1,900,000 yuan of benefits (comprise because of nitrogen loss reduce the benefit that the synthetic ammonia ability increased produce and the electricity charge of saving) to enterprise.
For present embodiment, adopt the surge tank of all pressing of the present invention can prevent after product carbon dioxide replacement P step finishes, directly the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into gas holder, make the excessive emptying of product carbonic acid gas can not satisfy urea production in order to avoid cause gas holder height to rise too fast.
Embodiments of the invention 2:
Conditions such as the conversion gas composition of present embodiment and temperature, sorbent material kind and ratio, power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span and embodiment 1 are in full accord, and the adsorptive pressure of present embodiment is 2.1MPa (G).
Fig. 4 is the process flow sheet of present embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the processing step working procedure table of present embodiment first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus.
Fig. 6 is the processing step working procedure table of present embodiment second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus.
As shown in Figure 4, adsorption tower A～H is totally 8 composition first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, and the sorbent material that loads from down to up in the adsorption tower is followed successively by activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A, moves single tower absorption and all presses program five times; Adsorption tower a～i is totally 9 composition second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, and the sorbent material of filling is a Kiselgel A in the adsorption tower, moves single tower absorption and all presses program six times, utilizes vacuum pipeline G27 that adsorption tower is vacuumized by vacuum pump P2.C, V1, V are respectively the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus compressor, the product carbonic acid gas is all pressed surge tank and product carbonic acid gas gas holder, and P2 is the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus vacuum pump.Present embodiment is with above-mentioned two stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus serial operations, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is purified to carbonic acid gas more than 98.5% (V), be used for urea synthesis, the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus effect is that working off one's feeling vent one's spleen of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus further purified, make in the hydrogen, nitrogen of the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower a～i upper end outlet gas concentration lwevel less than 0.2% (V), to satisfy the needs of next step operation of synthetic ammonia.
Conversion gas enters the adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower optionally adsorbs the components such as water, organosulfur, inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas in the conversion gas successively, components such as the carbon monoxide of Xi Fu partial CO 2 and difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are not discharged from exit end and are entered the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower is absorbing carbon dioxide optionally, and components such as the carbon monoxide of difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are discharged from exit end and entered compression section.The adsorption tower of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, five all fall E5D, product carbon dioxide replacement P, product carbonic acid gas step-down D, two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER, five all rise E5R, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is the product carbonic acid gas at the gas that product carbonic acid gas step-down D step obtains, the adsorption tower of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, five all fall E5D, six all fall E6D, reclaim RG, the contrary BD of putting, vacuumize VC, six all rise E6R, five all rise E5R, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, the gas mixture that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in the adsorption tower outlet discharge of adsorption step is mainly nitrogen, hydrogen product wherein also contains a spot of carbon monoxide and methane.Be example with the A tower now, contrast Fig. 5 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the A tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1A, 2A, conversion gas enters adsorption tower A through pipeline G11, in the A adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the water in the conversion gas successively, organosulfur, component such as inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas, Xi Fu partial CO 2 and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out through sequencing valve 2A from exit end and enter the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, As time goes on, adsorbent water, the total amount of component such as organosulfur and inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb said components is saturated, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and closed sequencing valve 1A, 2A, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 9% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3A, 3C, the gas in the A tower enters the C tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the C tower and all rises, and after A and C pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3A.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4D, the gas in the A tower enters the D tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the D tower and all rises, and after A and D pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4D.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4E, the gas in the A tower enters the E tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the E tower and all rises, and after A and E pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4A.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5A, 5F, the gas in the A tower enters the F tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the F tower and all rises, and after A and F pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5F.
(6) the 5th equal voltage drop step are called for short five and all fall E5D
Four all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5G, the gas in the A tower enters the G tower through pipeline G15 to carry out five to the G tower and all rises, and when the gas concentration lwevel in A tower exit during greater than 85% (V), closes sequencing valve 5A, 5G, the pressure in this moment A tower is 0.25MPa (G).
(7) product carbon dioxide replacement P
Five all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 7A, 6A, the compressed machine C of product carbonic acid gas this moment, pipeline G17 enter adsorption tower A from the import of A tower bottom, along the absorption direction adsorption tower A is replaced, be displaced the gas emptying that comes or use it for anything else, when carbonic acid gas reaches specified requirement in displacement is dropped a hint, close sequencing valve 7A, 6A, displacement pressure is 0.25MPa (G).
(8) product carbonic acid gas step-down D
After product carbon dioxide replacement P finishes, open sequencing valve 8A earlier, KV11a, all press surge tank V1 to be communicated with the product carbonic acid gas, when the A pressure tower equals the product carbonic acid gas substantially and all presses the pressure of surge tank V1, close sequencing valve KV11a, open sequencing valve KV11b, product carbonic acid gas gas holder V is put in product carbonic acid gas step-down in the A tower, when the pressure of A tower during near gas holder V pressure, close sequencing valve 8A, KV11b opens sequencing valve KV11c at last, all presses surge tank V1 to be communicated with gas holder V the product carbonic acid gas, when the product carbonic acid gas is all pressed surge tank V1 pressure near gas holder V pressure, close sequencing valve KV11c.
(9) two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER
Product carbonic acid gas step-down D opens sequencing valve 10A, KV13a after finishing, and the gas in the middle independent adsorption bed T enters the A tower A tower is boosted, and boosts after the end, closes sequencing valve 10A, KV13a.
(10) the 5th equal voltage rise steps are called for short five and all rise E5R
Two sections gas lifts are opened sequencing valve 5A, 5C after pressing 2ER to finish, and the gas in the C tower enters the A tower through pipeline G15 to carry out five to the A tower and all rise, and after C and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, close sequencing valve 5C.
(11) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
Five all rise E5R finish after, open sequencing valve 5A, 5D, the gas in the D tower enters the A tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the A tower and all rises, and after D and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5A, 5D.
(12) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4E, the gas in the E tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the A tower and all rises, and after E and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4E.
(13) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4F, the gas in the F tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the A tower and all rises, and after F and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4F, 4A.
(14) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3A, 3G, the gas in the G tower enters the A tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the A tower and all rises, and after G and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3G.
(15) FR that finally boosts
One all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve KV10, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost from the top to the A tower, when the A pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV10,3A.
So far, the A tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～I adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 5.
Be example with a tower now, contrast Fig. 6 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the a tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1a, 2a, conversion gas enters adsorption tower a through pipeline G21, in a adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the components such as carbonic acid gas of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen, Xi Fu amounts of carbon dioxide and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out the compression section that enters synthetic ammonia from exit end through sequencing valve 2a, As time goes on, adsorbent total carbon dioxide capacity constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb carbonic acid gas is saturated, close sequencing valve 1a, 2a, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below 0.2% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3a, 3c, the gas in a tower enters the c tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to the c tower and all rises, and after a and c pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3a.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4d, the gas in a tower enters the d tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to the d tower and all rises, and after a and d pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4d.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4e, the gas in a tower enters the e tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to the e tower and all rises, and after a and e pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4a.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5f, the gas in a tower enters the f tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to the f tower and all rises, and after a and f pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5f.
(6) the 5th equal voltage drop step are called for short five and all fall E5D
Four all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5g, the gas in a tower enters the g tower through pipeline G25 to carry out five to the g tower and all rises, and after a and g pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5g.
(7) the 6th equal voltage drop step are called for short six and all fall E6D
Five all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6a, 6h, the gas in a tower enters the h tower through pipeline G28 to carry out six to the h tower and all rises, and after a and h pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6a, 6h.
(8) reclaim RG
Six all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 7a, KV13b, with the gas in a tower is reverse put in the middle of independent adsorption bed T, the gaseous tension in a tower is dropped near normal pressure, after finishing, close sequencing valve KV13b.
(9) the contrary BD of putting
After reclaiming the RG end, open sequencing valve KV13c,, when the gas in a tower drops to normal pressure, close sequencing valve 7a, KV13c the reverse emptying of the gas in a tower.
(10) vacuumize VC (or V)
Contrary put BD and finish after, open sequencing valve 8a, through pipeline G27, vacuum pump P2 from a tower bottom the emptying of releasing of the gas in the tower, vacuumize end after, close sequencing valve 8a.
(11) the 6th equal voltage rise steps are called for short six and all rise E6R
After vacuumizing end, open sequencing valve 6a, 6c, the gas in the c tower enters a tower through pipeline G28 to carry out six to a tower and all rises, and after c and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6a, 6c.
(12) the 5th equal voltage rise steps are called for short five and all rise E5R
Six all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5d, the gas in the d tower enters a tower through pipeline G25 to carry out five to a tower and all rises, and after d and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5d.
(13) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
Five all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 5e, the gas in the e tower enters a tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to a tower and all rises, and after e and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5e.
(14) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4f, the gas in the f tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to a tower and all rises, and after f and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4f.
(15) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4g, the gas in the g tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to a tower and all rises, and after g and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4g, 4a.
(16) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3a, 3h, the gas in the h tower enters a tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to a tower and all rises, and after h and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3h.
(17) FR that finally boosts
One all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve KV12, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost from the top to a tower, when a pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV12,3a.
So far, a tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～i adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 6.
The present embodiment result is 99.5% (V) for the product carbon dioxide purity, and recovery rate of CO 2 is greater than 70% (V), and gas concentration lwevel is less than 0.1% (V) in product hydrogen, the nitrogen.
For present embodiment, adopt processing method of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 2.1MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, sorbent material kind and ratio, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 70% (about 85 degree), the investment of decarburization original equipment on average can be saved about 38% (about 7,500,000 yuan), the nitrogen loss is than prior art (CN1248482A, CN1235862A) reduced 65%, hydrogen loss has reduced 60%, annual thus to about 7,200,000 yuan of enterprise's increase direct economic benefits (electricity is by 0.25 yuan of every degree), and technical process and simple to operate has reduced the failure rate of installing.
After the equal pressure drop of present embodiment finishes, when the gas concentration lwevel in adsorption tower exit is 50% (V), adsorption tower displacement pressure is 0.53～0.55MPa (G), at this moment, present embodiment is compared with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 2.1MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, sorbent material kind and ratio, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 35% (about 40 degree), the investment of decarburization original equipment on average can be saved about 23% (about 4,500,000 yuan), the nitrogen loss is than prior art (CN1248482A, CN1235862A) reduced 60%, hydrogen loss has reduced 55%, and is annual thus to about 4,800,000 yuan of enterprise's increase direct economic benefits (electricity is by 0.25 yuan of every degree).
For present embodiment, adopt particular adsorbent combination of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 2.1MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, (nitrogen loss reduction changes with the ratio that molecular sieve and activated carbon account for nitrogen loss reduction average out to 45% of the present invention, 45% reduction is the mean value under the various ratios), synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 10% (about 13 degree), average 1.9% (about 400,000 yuan) of saving of decarburization original equipment investment annually increase about 1,500,000 yuan (comprising the benefit that reduces the synthetic ammonia ability to be increased produce because of the nitrogen loss and the electricity charge of saving).
For present embodiment, adopt the surge tank of all pressing of the present invention can prevent after product carbon dioxide replacement P step finishes, directly (pressure is that 0.25～0.55MPa) product carbonic acid gas is put into gas holder, in order to avoid device is stopped the high pressure in the adsorption tower.
Embodiments of the invention 3:
Conditions such as the conversion gas composition of present embodiment and temperature, sorbent material kind and ratio, power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 are in full accord, and the adsorptive pressure of present embodiment is 3.6MPa (G).
As shown in Figure 7, adsorption tower A～J is totally 10 composition first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, the sorbent material that loads from down to up in the adsorption tower is followed successively by activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A, move single tower absorption and all press program six times, utilize vacuum pipeline G19 that adsorption tower is vacuumized by vacuum pump P1; Adsorption tower a～j is totally 10 composition second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus, and the sorbent material of filling is a Kiselgel A in the adsorption tower, moves single tower absorption and all presses program seven times, utilizes vacuum pipeline G27 that adsorption tower is vacuumized by vacuum pump P2.P1, V1, V are respectively the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus vacuum pump, the product carbonic acid gas is all pressed surge tank and product carbonic acid gas gas holder, and P2 is the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus vacuum pump.Present embodiment is with above-mentioned two stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus serial operations, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is purified to carbonic acid gas more than 98.5% (V), be used for urea synthesis, the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus effect is that working off one's feeling vent one's spleen of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus further purified, make in the hydrogen, nitrogen of the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower a～j upper end outlet gas concentration lwevel less than 0.2% (V), to satisfy the needs of next step operation of synthetic ammonia.
Conversion gas enters the adsorption tower that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower optionally adsorbs the components such as water, organosulfur, inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas in the conversion gas successively, components such as the carbon monoxide of Xi Fu partial CO 2 and difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are not discharged from exit end and are entered the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, sorbent material in the adsorption tower is absorbing carbon dioxide optionally, and components such as the carbon monoxide of difficult absorption, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen are discharged from exit end and entered compression section.The adsorption tower of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, five all fall E5D, six all fall E6D, seven all fall E7D, product carbonic acid gas step-down D, vacuumize VC, two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER, seven all rise E7R, six all rise E6R, five all rise E5R, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is the product carbonic acid gas at product carbonic acid gas step-down D with the gas that vacuumizes the acquisition of VC step, the adsorption tower of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experiences absorption A successively in a loop cycle, one all falls E1D, two all fall E2D, three all fall E3D, four all fall E4D, five all fall E5D, six all fall E6D, seven all fall E7D, reclaim RG, the contrary BD of putting, vacuumize VC, seven all rise E7R, six all rise E6R, five all rise E5R, four all rise E4R, three all rise E3R, two all rise E2R, one all rises E1R, the FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of finally boosting, the gas mixture that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in the adsorption tower outlet discharge of adsorption step is mainly nitrogen, hydrogen product wherein also contains a spot of carbon monoxide and methane.Be example with the A tower now, contrast Fig. 8 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the A tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1A, 2A, conversion gas enters adsorption tower A through pipeline G11, in the A adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the water in the conversion gas successively, organosulfur, component such as inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas, Xi Fu partial CO 2 and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out through sequencing valve 2A from exit end and enter the adsorption tower that second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is in adsorption step, As time goes on, adsorbent water, the total amount of component such as organosulfur and inorganic sulfur and carbonic acid gas constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb said components is saturated, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and closed sequencing valve 1A, 2A, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 9% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3A, 3C, the gas in the A tower enters the C tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the C tower and all rises, and after A and C pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3A.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4D, the gas in the A tower enters the D tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the D tower and all rises, and after A and D pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4D.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4E, the gas in the A tower enters the E tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the E tower and all rises, and after A and E pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4A.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5A, 5F, the gas in the A tower enters the F tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the F tower and all rises, and after A and F pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5F.
(6) the 5th equal voltage drop step are called for short five and all fall E5D
Four all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5G, the gas in the A tower enters the G tower through pipeline G15 to carry out five to the G tower and all rises, and after A and G pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5A, 5G.
(7) the 6th equal voltage drop step are called for short six and all fall E6D
Five all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6A, 6H, the gas in the A tower enters the H tower through pipeline G16 to carry out six to the H tower and all rises, and after A and H pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5H.
(8) the 7th equal voltage drop step are called for short seven and all fall E7D
Six all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6I, the gas in the A tower enters the I tower through pipeline G16 to carry out seven to the I tower and all rises, and when the gas concentration lwevel in A tower exit during greater than 90% (V), closes sequencing valve 6A, 6I.
(9) product carbonic acid gas step-down D
Seven all fall after E7D finishes, open sequencing valve 8A earlier, KV11a, all press surge tank V1 to be communicated with the product carbonic acid gas, when the A pressure tower equals the product carbonic acid gas substantially and all presses the pressure of surge tank V1, close sequencing valve KV11a, open sequencing valve KV11b, product carbonic acid gas gas holder V is put in product carbonic acid gas step-down in the A tower, when the pressure of A tower during near gas holder V pressure, close sequencing valve 8A, KV11b opens sequencing valve KV11c at last, all presses surge tank V1 to be communicated with gas holder V the product carbonic acid gas, when product carbonic acid gas intermediate buffering jar V1 pressure during, close sequencing valve KV11c near gas holder V pressure.
(10) vacuumize VC (V)
After the step-down of product carbonic acid gas finishes, open sequencing valve 9A, the carbonic acid gas in the tower being released from the A tower bottom through pipeline G19, vacuum pump P1 enters product carbonic acid gas gas holder V, vacuumize end after, close sequencing valve 9A.
(11) two sections gas lifts are pressed 2ER
After vacuumizing the VC end, open sequencing valve 7A, KV13a, the gas in the middle independent adsorption bed T enters the A tower A tower is boosted, and boosts after the end, closes sequencing valve 7A, KV13a.
(12) the 7th equal voltage rise steps are called for short seven and all rise E7R
Vacuumize after VC finishes, open sequencing valve 6A, 6C, the gas in the C tower enters the A tower through pipeline G16 to carry out seven to the A tower and all rises, seven all end is fallen and after, close sequencing valve 6C.
(13) the 6th equal voltage rise steps are called for short six and all rise E6R
Seven all rise E7R finish after, open sequencing valve 6D, the gas in the D tower enters the A tower through pipeline G16 to carry out six to the A tower and all rises, six all end is fallen and after, close sequencing valve 6A, 6D.
(14) the 5th equal voltage rise steps are called for short five and all rise E5R
Six all rise E6R finish after, open sequencing valve 5A, 5E, the gas in the E tower enters the A tower through pipeline G15 to carry out five to the A tower and all rises, five all end is fallen and after, close sequencing valve 5E.
(15) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
Five all rise E5R finish after, open sequencing valve 5F, the gas in the F tower enters the A tower through pipeline G15 to carry out four to the A tower and all rises, four all end is fallen and after, close sequencing valve 5A, 5F.
(16) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4A, 4G, the gas in the G tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out three to the A tower and all rises, and after G and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4G.
(17) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4H, the gas in the H1 tower enters the A tower through pipeline G14 to carry out two to the A tower and all rises, and after H and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4H, 4A.
(18) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3A, 3I, the gas in the I tower enters the A tower through pipeline G13 to carry out one to the A tower and all rises, and after I and A pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3I.
(19) FR that finally boosts
One all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve KV13, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost from the top to the A tower, when the A pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV13,3A.
So far, the A tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～J adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 8.
Be example with a tower now, contrast Fig. 9 illustrates the processing step of the present embodiment second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower in a working cycle:
(1) absorption A
At this moment, the a tower has been finished the FR step of finally boosting, open sequencing valve 1a, 2a, conversion gas enters adsorption tower a through pipeline G21, in a adsorption tower, sorbent material optionally adsorbs the components such as carbonic acid gas of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen, Xi Fu amounts of carbon dioxide and be difficult for the carbon monoxide of absorption not, methane, nitrogen, components such as hydrogen flow out the compression section that enters synthetic ammonia from exit end through sequencing valve 2a, As time goes on, adsorbent total carbon dioxide capacity constantly increases, when the adsorbents adsorb carbonic acid gas is saturated, close sequencing valve 1a, 2a, stop air inlet, this moment, absorption finished, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below 0.2% (V) in working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
(2) for the first time equal voltage drop step is called for short one and all falls E1D
After absorption finishes, open sequencing valve 3a, 3c, the gas in a tower enters the c tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to the c tower and all rises, and after a and c pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3a.
(3) for the second time equal voltage drop step is called for short two and all falls E2D
One all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4d, the gas in a tower enters the d tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to the d tower and all rises, and after a and d pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4d.
(4) equal for the third time voltage drop step is called for short three and all falls E3D
Two all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 4e, the gas in a tower enters the e tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to the e tower and all rises, and after a and e pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4a.
(5) the 4th equal voltage drop step are called for short four and all fall E4D
Three all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5f, the gas in a tower enters the f tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to the f tower and all rises, and after a and f pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5f.
(6) the 5th equal voltage drop step are called for short five and all fall E5D
Four all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5g, the gas in a tower enters the g tower through pipeline G25 to carry out five to the g tower and all rises, and after a and g pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5g.
(7) the 6th equal voltage drop step are called for short six and all fall E6D
Five all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6a, 6h, the gas in a tower enters the h tower through pipeline G28 to carry out six to the h tower and all rises, and after a and h pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6h.
(8) the 7th equal voltage drop step are called for short seven and all fall E7D
Six all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 6a, 6i, the gas in a tower enters the i tower through pipeline G28 to carry out seven to the i tower and all rises, and after a and i pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6a, 6i.
(9) reclaim RG
Seven all end is fallen and after, open sequencing valve 7a, KV13b, with the gas in a tower reverse put in the middle of independent adsorption bed T, after finishing, close sequencing valve KV13b.
(10) the contrary BD of putting
After reclaiming the RG end, open sequencing valve KV13c,, when the gas in a tower drops to normal pressure, close sequencing valve 7a, KV13c the reverse emptying of the gas in a tower.
(11) vacuumize VC (or V)
Contrary put end after, open sequencing valve 8a, through pipeline G27, vacuum pump P2 from a tower bottom the emptying of releasing of the gas in the tower, vacuumize end after, close sequencing valve 8a.
(12) the 7th equal voltage rise steps are called for short seven and all rise E7R
After vacuumizing end, open sequencing valve 6a, 6c, the gas in the c tower enters a tower through pipeline G28 to carry out seven to a tower and all rises, and after c and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6c.
(13) the 6th equal voltage rise steps are called for short six and all rise E6R
Seven all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 6d, the gas in the d tower enters a tower through pipeline G28 to carry out six to a tower and all rises, and after d and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 6a, 6d.
(14) the 5th equal voltage rise steps are called for short five and all rise E5R
Six all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 5a, 5e, the gas in the e tower enters a tower through pipeline G25 to carry out five to a tower and all rises, and after e and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5e.
(15) the 4th equal voltage rise steps are called for short four and all rise E4R
Five all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 5f, the gas in the f tower enters a tower through pipeline G25 to carry out four to a tower and all rises, and after f and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 5a, 5f.
(16) equal for the third time voltage rise step is called for short three and all rises E3R
Four all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4a, 4g, the gas in the g tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out three to a tower and all rises, and after g and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4g.
(17) for the second time equal voltage rise step is called for short two and all rises E2R
Three all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 4h, the gas in the h tower enters a tower through pipeline G24 to carry out two to a tower and all rises, and after h and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 4h, 4a.
(18) for the first time equal voltage rise step is called for short one and all rises E1R
Two all rise to finish after, open sequencing valve 3a, 3i, the gas in the i tower enters a tower through pipeline G23 to carry out one to a tower and all rises, and after i and a pressure tower are in a basic balance, closes sequencing valve 3i.
(19) FR that finally boosts
After all rising end, open sequencing valve KV12, utilize the adsorption tower that is in adsorption step to work off one's feeling vent one's spleen and boost, when a pressure tower rises to adsorptive pressure, close sequencing valve KV12,3a from the top to a tower.
So far, a tower has been finished a circulation, can enter next circulation again.B～j adsorption tower is the same with the circulation step of A tower, just staggers mutually on the time, sees Fig. 9.
The present embodiment result is 98.5% (V) for the product carbon dioxide purity, and recovery rate of CO 2 is greater than 80% (V), and gas concentration lwevel is less than 0.1% (V) in product hydrogen, the nitrogen.
For present embodiment, adopt processing method of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 3.6MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, sorbent material kind and ratio, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 70% (about 90 degree), the investment of decarburization original equipment on average can be saved about 42% (about 7,500,000 yuan), the nitrogen loss is than prior art (CN1248482A, CN1235862A) reduced 90%, hydrogen loss has reduced 85%, annual thus to about 8,000,000 yuan of enterprise's increase direct economic benefits (electricity is by 0.25 yuan of every degree), technical process and simple to operate has reduced the failure rate of installing.
For present embodiment, adopt particular adsorbent combination of the present invention to compare with the prior art that with documents (CN1248482A) is representative, consider by producing 120000 tons of synthetic ammonia scales per year, (adsorptive pressure is 3.6MPa (G) in other condition, conversion gas is formed and temperature, the sorption cycle time, the power-equipment performance, instrument and controlled function, special-purpose sequencing valve and hydraulic system structure and life-span) under the identical situation, (nitrogen loss reduction changes with the ratio that molecular sieve and activated carbon account for nitrogen loss reduction average out to 35% of the present invention, 35% reduction is the mean value under the various ratios), synthetic ammonia decarburization power consumption per ton on average descends 8% (about 10 degree), average 1.9% (about 400,000 yuan) of saving of decarburization original equipment investment annually increase about 1,100,000 yuan (comprising the benefit that reduces the synthetic ammonia ability to be increased produce because of the nitrogen loss and the electricity charge of saving).
For present embodiment, adopt the surge tank of all pressing of the present invention can prevent from after product carbon dioxide replacement P step finishes, directly the high die pressing product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower to be put into gas holder, in order to avoid device is stopped.

Claims (10)

1, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea, two stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus serial operations, unstripped gas are the synthetic-ammonia transformation gas of raw material with the coal, and first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for purifying carbon dioxide, and second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus is used for separation of hydrogen, nitrogen; First stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus experience absorption A, all pressure drop ED, product carbonic acid gas step-down D, all voltage rise ER, the final FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of boosting successively in a loop cycle; Second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus in a loop cycle successively experience absorption A, all pressure drop ED, contraryly put BD, vacuumize VC, all voltage rise ER, the final FR pressure swing adsorption technique step of boosting.
2, according to the described two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea of claim 1, the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower has the RG of recovery step at drop pressure ED and contrary putting between the BD step, when the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower increases recovery RG step, must between product carbonic acid gas step-down D and boost pressure ER step, there be two sections gas lifts to press the 2ER steps at the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
3, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, between the equal pressure drop ED of first section transformation absorption and the product carbonic acid gas step-down D carbon dioxide replacement P step is set, the gas that reclaims the RG step with the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower boosts to the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
4, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 2 is characterized in that, at first section transformation adsorption production carbonic acid gas step-down D and all between the voltage rise ER vacuum pumping step VC is set.
5, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the sorbent material that loads from down to up is activated alumina, gac and Kiselgel A in the first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower, or activated alumina and gac, or activated alumina and Kiselgel A, the sorbent material of filling only is a Kiselgel A in the second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower.
6, adsorb according to two sections transformations of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that at first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus when carrying out product carbonic acid gas step-down displacement step D, earlier the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into and all pressed surge tank, after adsorption tower and the pressure of all pressing surge tank are in a basic balance, again the product carbonic acid gas in the adsorption tower is put into gas holder.
7, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 2, it is characterized in that independent adsorption bed T in the middle of reverse the putting into of gas after the recovery RG of second stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption tower step is that all pressure drop is finished in its adsorption tower, the independent adsorption bed T in this centre also can replace with surge tank.
8, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus work off one's feeling vent one's spleen in the mean concns of carbonic acid gas be 2～9% (V).
9, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 1 and 2, when it is characterized in that the equal pressure drop ED of first stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus finishes, gas concentration lwevel was 85～98% (V) during the adsorption tower transient flow was given vent to anger.
10, two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea according to claim 1 and 2, the pressure that it is characterized in that two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus adsorption step A is 0.6～3.6Mpa, the adsorptive pressure of two-stage pressure swing adsorption apparatus can be unequal.
CNB011086947A 2001-07-31 2001-07-31 Two-stage pressure swing adsorption process for decarbonizing urea Expired - Fee Related CN1172737C (en)

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CN101670221A (en) * 2009-09-27 2010-03-17 杨皓 Pressure swing adsorption technique for improving coefficient of recovery through simultaneous running of three groups
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CN104128073B (en) * 2014-08-09 2017-02-01 湖南三箭自控科技有限公司 Saturation adsorption process of pressure swing adsorption decarburization and device thereof
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