CN117270054A - Target well zone multilayer crack interpretation method and device and computer equipment - Google Patents
Target well zone multilayer crack interpretation method and device and computer equipment Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation method, a device and computer equipment. The method comprises the steps of performing fast and slow wave separation on zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of a target well to obtain parameters for describing the development rule of underground cracks of the target well; constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to parameters, logging information, geological deposition background of a target well region and initial parameter values in a crack parameter sample set, and scanning an underground first layer of cracks; scanning the crack developed in the next layer according to a preset scanning step length until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the scanning model are matched with transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground crack of the target well; and using an underground fracture development scanning model to conduct multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well. According to the method, geological background is fully considered, the model parameters are strictly controlled by the fast transverse wave polarization azimuth and the fast transverse wave time difference obtained by solving an actual stratum, and the crack prediction reliability and the prediction efficiency are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation method, a device and computer equipment.
Background
In the geological structure evolution process of the sedimentary stratum, a crack system is widely developed, and the development degree of the crack system directly determines migration, reservoir formation and subsequent oil gas development of oil gas. Seismic signals are rich in subsurface medium formation information, where fracture development characteristics can cause abnormal responses to certain seismic attribute parameters, so seismic techniques are often used to study the developing fracture system in subsurface media.
At present, the single-layer crack identification technology is relatively mature, but the identification method for a multi-layer crack system is less, the multi-layer crack identification method commonly used at present is a delamination method, and the delamination method has the defects of accumulated error, difficulty in determining a first-layer crack and the like in the practical application process. For example, the effect of the first fracture combined with the second fracture is calculated for the second fracture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the multilayer fracture calculation error exists in the prior art, the embodiment provides a target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation method, a target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation device and computer equipment.
Embodiments herein disclose a target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation method comprising: performing fast and slow wave separation on the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the development rule of underground cracks of the target well; constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to the parameters, logging information and initial parameter values in a geological deposition background and crack parameter sample set of a target well region, and scanning an underground first layer of cracks; selecting other parameter values from the crack parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, and scanning the next layer of cracks by the underground crack development initial scanning model until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the initial scanning model are matched with transverse wave crack parameters induced by the underground cracks of the target well, so as to obtain an underground crack development scanning model; and performing multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model.
According to one aspect of embodiments herein, the parameters for describing the development law of the subsurface fracture of the target well zone include: fast transverse wave polarization azimuth, fast and slow transverse wave time difference; the fracture parameter sample set includes: a fracture azimuth vector set and a fracture density set.
According to one aspect of embodiments herein, the set of fracture densities is determined by: determining initial density of cracks according to the fast and slow transverse wave speeds and the secondary transverse wave speed of a background medium; setting a moving step length for the initial crack density to obtain a crack density set.
According to one aspect of embodiments herein, selecting parameter values from within a fracture parameter sample set, iteratively inverting the subsurface fracture development model includes: determining a crack azimuth vector from the crack parameter sample set, and sequentially selecting different crack densities from a crack density set; respectively carrying out simulated seismic tests on the fracture azimuth vector and the underground fracture development scanning model under different fracture density conditions to generate corresponding seismic records; and performing fast and slow wave separation on the seismic records to obtain the underground crack change characteristics of the underground crack development scanning model.
According to one aspect of embodiments herein, the deriving a scan model of subsurface fracture development further comprises: calculating a crack azimuth vector and a fast and slow transverse wave time difference of the underground crack development scanning model according to the constructed underground crack development scanning model; fitting a crack azimuth vector and a fast and slow transverse wave time difference calculated by an underground crack development scanning model with transverse wave splitting parameters induced by an underground crack of a target well to obtain a fitting result; and when the fitting result meets the preset condition, determining that the fracture development parameters of each layer calculated by the scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground fracture of the target well.
According to one aspect of embodiments herein, the zero well source distance two source four component data is preprocessed, the preprocessing comprising: three-component de-coding, three-component integrated amplitude compensation, attenuation compensation and upstream and downstream wave separation.
Embodiments herein provide a target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the crack development characteristic acquisition unit is used for performing fast and slow wave separation on the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the underground crack development rule of the target well; the scanning model construction unit is used for constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to the parameters, logging information and initial parameter values in a geological deposition background and crack parameter sample set of the target well region, and scanning an underground first layer crack; the scanning unit is used for selecting other parameter values from the crack parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, and scanning the next layer of cracks by the underground crack development initial scanning model until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the initial scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground cracks of the target well to obtain an underground crack development scanning model; and the interpretation unit is used for performing multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model.
Embodiments herein provide a computer apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed implements the target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation method.
Embodiments herein also provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program that when executed by a processor implements the target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation method.
According to the scheme, a scanning method is adopted to quantitatively explain a scanning model for the multi-layer cracks developed in the target well region, a reflectivity method is adopted to acquire the seismic records of the model, the azimuth vector and the time delay change parameter of the model are obtained through calculation by utilizing the seismic records of the model, the crack azimuth vector and the time delay change parameter calculated by the actual well region are compared, and the fitting degree between the azimuth vector and the time delay change parameter is used as an iteration basis. And when the fitting degree is lower, under the constraint of geological background, continuously and iteratively modifying the model until the underground medium multilayer crack development model with the high fitting of the crack orientation and the time delay of the actual well region is obtained, and iteratively stopping. According to the target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation scheme, geological background is fully considered, and the fracture prediction reliability and the prediction efficiency are high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments herein or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments herein and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for interpreting a multi-layer fracture of a target well region according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method of determining a fracture parameter sample set according to an embodiment herein;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method for performing iterative inversion of a scan model of subsurface fracture development in accordance with an embodiment herein;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of matching a change in a subterranean fracture characteristic to a change in a subterranean fracture characteristic of a target well in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer fracture interpretation device for a target well region according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the fracture development variation characteristics of a target well;
FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram showing the time delay variation of the target well;
FIG. 6C is a schematic diagram of the azimuth vector variation feature of the target well;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a target well standard reflection interface according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional fracture development interpretation of a target well according to embodiments herein;
FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing a fitting relationship between time delay of a subsurface fracture development scan model and time delay of a target well;
FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram showing the azimuth change rule of the underground fracture development scanning model and the azimuth change rule of the target well;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the drawings:
501. a parameter acquisition unit;
502. a scan model construction unit;
503. a scanning unit;
504. an interpretation unit;
1002. a computer device;
1004. a processor;
1006. a memory;
1008. a driving mechanism;
1010. an input/output module;
1012. an input device;
1014. an output device;
1016. a presentation device;
1018. a graphical user interface;
1020. a network interface;
1022. a communication link;
1024. a communication bus.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the present specification better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments herein will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments herein, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments herein, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments herein, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without undue burden, are within the scope of protection herein.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims herein and in the foregoing figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments described herein may be capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
The present specification provides method operational steps as described in the examples or flowcharts, but may include more or fewer operational steps based on conventional or non-inventive labor. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one way of performing the order of steps and does not represent a unique order of execution. When a system or apparatus product in practice is executed, it may be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the method shown in the embodiments or the drawings.
It should be noted that the method for explaining the multi-layer fracture of the target well region can be used in the field of petroleum exploration, and the application fields of the method and the device for explaining the multi-layer fracture of the target well region are not limited.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for explaining a multi-layer fracture of a target well region according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which specifically includes the following steps:
and step 101, performing fast and slow wave separation on the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the underground crack development rule of the target well. In this step, a well is selected from the target wells as an object for explaining the multi-layer fracture development characteristics of the well zone underground medium. Specifically, S-wave source zero-well distance two-source four-component vertical seismic profile (Vertical Seismic Profilling, VSP) data of a target well are obtained, and data processing is carried out on the two-source four-component VSP data to obtain the downlink seismic wavelength of the seismic signal with high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and high fidelity. The processing of the two-source four-quantity VSP data mainly comprises the following steps: three-component de-coding, three-component integrated amplitude compensation, three-component rotation and other preprocessing work, noise attenuation, absorption attenuation compensation, uplink and downlink wave separation and other formal processing steps.
And linearly converting the processed four-component transverse waves, and separating the transverse waves. Specifically, according to the directions of exciting the seismic signals and receiving the seismic signals, the two-source four-component data are converted into a natural coordinate system of the crack from the coordinates of the detection points, so that the fast and slow wave separation is realized. In the present application, the fast transverse wave polarization orientation of the target well is determined according to the transverse wave splitting mechanism. Further, after the wave fields of the fast wave and the slow wave are obtained by separation, the time delay of the fast wave and the time delay of the brutal wave are calculated by adopting a covariance matrix, and parameters for describing the development rule of the underground fracture of the target well region are obtained, wherein the parameters comprise: fast transverse wave polarization azimuth and fast and slow transverse wave time difference. The time difference between the fast and slow transverse waves is the time delay of the fast and slow transverse waves. Based on the method, the polarization direction of the fast transverse wave and the time delay of the fast transverse wave are parameters for describing the development rule of the underground fracture of the target well region, so that the characteristic change rule of the underground fracture of the target well region can be determined.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the subsurface fracture development variation law of the target well is illustrated in fig. 6A-6C, including the transverse wave division attribute parameters, the azimuth variation characteristics of the fracture development, the time delay variation law, and the azimuth vector variation characteristics detected by the plurality of detectors downhole in the target well.
And 102, constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to the parameters, the logging information, the geological deposition background of the target well region and initial parameter values in a crack parameter sample set, and scanning the first layer of underground cracks.
In the step, the geological horizon of the seismic scale of the target well is divided by using the logging curve, and the geological deposition background of the target well is obtained. In some embodiments of the present description, GR, compressional velocity, density logs of less than 400 meters of the Se39 well are obtained, these curve change characteristics are analyzed comprehensively, and subsurface geologic features of the target well are determined from the curve change characteristics. Further, the plurality of standard reflection interfaces are divided into a plurality of stratum main interfaces according to curve change characteristics. Through geological background investigation, the area where the target well is located is determined to be mainly deposited in a shore and shallow lake, and the area is characterized by small single-layer thickness, poor transverse continuity and deposition characteristics of a large amount of interbedded development of sandstone and argillite.
In some embodiments of the present description, the fracture parameter sample set includes: and (3) a fracture speed transverse wave time difference set and a fracture azimuth vector range. The fracture density set is further calculated to obtain the density set after the layer speed is calculated according to the longitudinal wave first arrival and the transverse wave first arrival picked up by the target well region through VSP.
And constructing an initial scanning model of underground crack development by combining a geological deposition background and a crack sample set of the target well according to parameters for describing the underground crack development rule of the target well region. From the parameters describing the development law of the underground fracture of the target well region: depth and azimuth angle of the underground fracture. For example, from the geological stratification result of the Se39 well and the shear wave splitting analysis result obtained in step 101, it is presumed that a first layer of fracture should exist in the formation more than 200 meters downhole, and the fracture mode vector of the first layer of fracture is about 50 °, and the fracture causes the formation of fast and slow waves. But the density and time delay of the first layer fracture cannot be specifically determined.
And 103, selecting other parameter values from the crack parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, and scanning the next layer of cracks by the underground crack development initial scanning model until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the initial scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground cracks of the target well, so as to obtain an underground crack development scanning model.
In the step, different fracture characteristic parameters are respectively selected from a fracture parameter sample set, so that the underground fracture development scanning model is iterated. Each time the initial scanning model for underground crack development is iterated, a simulated earthquake test is required to be carried out on the scanning model, the underground crack change characteristics obtained through calculation according to the simulated earthquake test are matched with transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground crack of the target well, and until the underground crack characteristic change rule calculated by the initial scanning model for underground crack development and the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground crack of the target well meet the matching requirement.
From the depth and azimuth angles of the subsurface fracture, which are parameters describing the development rule of the subsurface fracture of the target well region, and determining that the Se39 well should exist after the first layer fracture in the formation above 200 meters downhole. According to the reflection interface division result and logging data, the lithology of the development at the position of the second layer of cracks is mainly gray siltstone and argillaceous siltstone, and the lithology is brittle and small-scale cracks are easy to develop. In this application, the construction of an initial scan model of subsurface fracture development is intended to construct a scan model reflecting the true geologic structure of a target well using the true seismic data of the target well.
And 104, performing multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model. Using step 103, a multi-layer fracture interpretation is performed for the target well using a subsurface fracture development scan model that matches the subsurface fracture-induced shear wave splitting parameters of the target well. Parameters of the underground fracture development scanning model obtained in the method are strictly controlled by the fast transverse wave polarization azimuth and the fast and slow transverse wave time difference obtained by solving an actual stratum, and the fracture prediction reliability and the prediction efficiency are high.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a fracture density set according to an embodiment of the disclosure, including the following steps:
Step 201, determining initial density of cracks according to the fast and slow transverse wave speed and the transverse wave speed of a background medium.
The formula is as follows:wherein r is b ＝(V S /V P ) 2 ，V S Transverse wave velocity of background medium, V P Longitudinal wave velocity for background medium; e is the initial density of cracks, V S1 、V S2 Fast and slow shear wave velocities, respectively. In this step, the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the background medium can be obtained by analyzing the geological background state. The fast transverse wave speed and the slow transverse wave speed are obtained by performing fast and slow wave separation calculation on the two-source four-component data in the step 101. Thus, according to the above formula, the initial density of the crack, which is a rough value,subsequent further processing is required to determine the exact condition of the subsurface fracture.
Step 202, setting a moving step length for the initial crack density to obtain a crack density set. After the initial crack density is determined, a plurality of crack densities are obtained by moving the step length. Thus, the plurality of fracture densities constitute a fracture density set.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for performing iterative inversion on a scan model of subsurface fracture development according to an embodiment herein, comprising the following steps:
step 301, determining a fracture azimuth vector from the fracture parameter sample set, and sequentially selecting different fracture densities from the fracture density set. As previously described, the fracture parameter sample set includes a fracture azimuth vector set and a fracture density set. Firstly, selecting a certain fracture azimuth vector from a fracture azimuth vector set, and selecting different fracture densities from a fracture density set under the fracture azimuth vector. For example, a fracture azimuth vector is selected to be 50 ° from a fracture parameter sample set, and different fracture densities are sequentially determined and selected according to the formulas related to the initial fracture density calculation, specifically, the fracture densities are respectively: 0.04, 0.05, 0.06.
For another example, a crack azimuth vector is 110 ° from a crack parameter sample set, and different crack densities are sequentially selected, where the specific crack densities are respectively: 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05.
Step 302, performing a simulated seismic test on the fracture azimuth vector and the underground fracture development scanning model under different fracture density conditions to generate a corresponding seismic record. In some embodiments of the present description, simulated seismic testing is performed on the subsurface fracture development scan model according to the selected fracture azimuth vector, fracture density, respectively, and different seismic records are generated.
For example, selecting a fracture azimuth vector of 50 ° from a fracture parameter sample set, selecting a fracture density of 0.04, forming an underground fracture development scan model for performing a simulated seismic test, and generating a set of seismic records; for another example, selecting a fracture azimuth vector of 50 degrees and a fracture density of 0.05, forming an underground fracture development scanning model to perform a simulated seismic test, and generating another group of seismic records; for another example, a fracture azimuth vector of 50 ° is selected, a fracture density of 0.06 is selected, a subsurface fracture development scan model is formed for simulated seismic testing, and a further set of seismic records is generated. Therefore, by selecting the fracture azimuth vector and keeping the selected fracture azimuth vector unchanged, respectively selecting different fracture densities, performing simulated seismic testing on the underground fracture development scanning model, and generating different seismic records.
And 303, performing fast and slow wave separation on the seismic records to obtain the underground crack change characteristics of the underground crack development scanning model.
In this step, the manner of performing the fast-slow wave separation and calculating the slow wave time delay on the seismic record is the same as that in step 101, and this step is not described here.
Thus, according to the example in step 302, simulated seismic testing is performed based on the selected fracture azimuth vector, fracture density, respectively, to generate three sets of seismic records, and processing to obtain three sets of subsurface fracture variation characteristics. And the underground crack development scanning model calculates and analyzes to obtain a time delay change rule according to the association relation between the crack and the time delay. When the azimuth vector of the crack is 50 degrees and the crack density is respectively selected to be 0.05, the time delay change rule of the scanning model is close to the time delay change rule of the Se39 well region in height at a depth of more than 200 meters. From this it can be determined that: a set of vertical cracks with a density of about 0.05 develop between T1-T2 reflective interfaces over 200 meters downhole.
For another example, according to the change rule of the underground fracture characteristics of the target well, after observing and determining that the depth of the Se39 well exceeds 1010 meters, the time delay parameter of the scanning model is generally reduced by about 2 milliseconds, and by combining actual logging data, the depth section is known to develop sandstone and mudstone sheath structures, and the existence of an orthotropic medium between the depth of 910 meters and the depth of 1010 meters can be presumed. Therefore, constructing an ORT medium scanning model with azimuth angle in the range of 110-160 DEG at the depth position, calculating to obtain initial density of the crack according to the calculation formula in the step 202, and determining the ORT medium scanning model with crack densities of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 004 according to a certain step length.
In some embodiments of the present description, the fracture azimuth vector is selected to be 110 °, and the fracture densities are selected to be 0.02, 0.03, 004, and 0.05, respectively, and then simulated seismic testing is performed on the fracture azimuth vector and the fracture densities, respectively, to generate four different sets of seismic records. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, fracture azimuth vectors of 120 °, 130 °, 140 °, 150 °, 160 °, respectively, are selected, and different fracture densities are selected to form a scan model with different parameters, and simulated seismic testing is performed, respectively, to form different seismic records. And further analyzing and calculating the seismic records, calculating the azimuth vector of the crack and the time delay of the fast and slow transverse waves, and matching the underground crack change characteristics serving as an underground crack development scanning model with the underground crack characteristic change rules of the target well.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for matching the change characteristics of an underground fracture with the change rules of the underground fracture characteristics of a target well according to the embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 401, calculating a crack azimuth vector and a fast and slow transverse wave time difference of the underground crack development scanning model according to the constructed underground crack development scanning model. In some embodiments of the present description, depth, azimuth vectors of subsurface fractures are determined by scanning the subsurface fracture variation characteristics of the model. Specifically, by observing the change characteristics of the underground cracks of the scanning model, the position where the trend of the underground crack curve is obviously changed is determined to have the underground cracks. From fig. 9B, it can be determined that the azimuth vector corresponding to the first crack reflected by the scan model is about 50 °.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fracture azimuth vector of the scan model determined in step 401 may be selected from the underground fracture characteristic change rules of the target well, where the azimuth vector change rule curve and the time delay change rule curve correspond to azimuth vectors similar to the fracture azimuth vector of the scan model of the target well.
And step 402, fitting the fracture azimuth vector and the time difference of the fast and slow transverse waves calculated by the underground fracture development scanning model with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground fracture of the target well to obtain a fitting result. In the step, taking a time delay change rule of a scanning model under a certain fracture azimuth vector and a certain fracture density condition as an example, fitting is carried out; the method can also be used for carrying out fitting by taking the change rule of the azimuth angle of the underground crack of the scanning model under the conditions of a certain azimuth vector of the crack and a certain density of the crack as an example.
In some embodiments of the present description, the process of fitting the scan model includes: and continuously adjusting the fracture azimuth vector and the fracture density of the scanning model, and calculating the fitting degree between a curve formed by the underground fracture change characteristics of the corresponding scanning model and the underground fracture characteristic change curve of the target well.
In some embodiments of the present description, the time delay variation characteristics of the scan model are fitted to the time delay variation law of the target well. For example, when the azimuth vector of the scan model is set to 110 ° and the fracture density is set to 0.01, rays pass through the ORT medium in the simulated seismic test, and the time delay of the scan model is determined to be reduced by about 1 millisecond compared with the time delay of the target well, so that the time delay of the scan model is poorly fitted with the time delay of the Se39 well.
Further keeping the azimuth vector unchanged, and when the crack density is 0.02, the time delay obtained by the calculation of the scanning model is high in coincidence with the time delay of the Se39 well; when the azimuth vector is kept unchanged and the crack density is continuously increased to 0.03 and 0.04, the time delay is greatly reduced, and the time delay is greatly different from that of the Se39 well.
Therefore, the method can determine that when the scanning model sets the fracture azimuth vector to 110 degrees and the ORT medium fracture density is about 0.02, the time delay change trend of the underground fracture is highly fitted with the time delay change trend of the Se39 well.
In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the time delay variation of the underground fracture of the scan model is fitted to the azimuth variation of the target well by setting different fracture azimuth vectors to the scan model and adjusting the fracture density.
Specifically, when the fracture azimuth vector is set to 120 ° and the model fracture densities are 0.01 and 0.02, respectively, the time delay of the Se39 well of the target well is determined to be between the time delays calculated for the model fracture densities of 0.01 and 0.02. And then analyzing the azimuth change trend of the Se39 well and corresponding to the scanning model when the crack density is 0.01 and 0.02, and determining that the azimuth change trend of the Se39 well is highly fit when the crack density is 0.02.
When the azimuth angle of the crack is set to be 130 degrees and the density of the ORT medium crack is set to be 0.01, the time delay change rule calculated by the scanning model is closest to the time delay of the Se39 well. However, the azimuth curve corresponding to the scanning model is basically stabilized at about 50 degrees, and after the 120 # demodulation point, the azimuth change rule of the scanning model is greatly different from the azimuth change rule of the Se39 well. That is, when the density curve calculated by the scanning model is better matched with the target well, the azimuth curve calculated by the scanning model is not better matched with the target well. Therefore, it is necessary to further adjust the parameters of the scan model and perform fitting.
Furthermore, when the fracture azimuth vector is set to 140 degrees and the ORT medium fracture density is set to 0.01, the time delay change rule and the fitting degree of the Se39 well are high, but the azimuth angle of the Se39 well is basically stabilized at about 50 degrees, and the fitting degree of the scanning model and the Se39 well is poor. Further, when setting the fracture azimuth vector to 160 ° and the ORT medium fracture density to 0.01 and 0.02, the time delay of the Se39 well is between the time delay of the scan model. However, at crack densities of 0.01 and 0.02, the azimuthal variation corresponding to the scan model was reduced as the ORT medium was traversed.
And step 403, when the fitting result meets the preset condition, determining that the fracture development parameters of each layer calculated by the scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground fracture of the target well. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, if the fitting result is greater than or equal to a preset first fitting value, or the fitting result is less than a preset second fitting value, it is determined that the underground fracture variation characteristic of the corresponding scan model matches the underground fracture characteristic variation rule of the target well. The scan model can be used to interpret the multi-layer fracture morphology of the target well and is not affected by interactions between the multi-layer fractures.
In the method, the change characteristics of the underground cracks of the scanning model and the change rules of the underground crack characteristics of the target well are calculated, the average value of the curve multipoint positions can be calculated, and whether the difference between the average values of the two rules is within a certain threshold value range or not can be further determined.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the basic structure of the target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation device is described, and the functional units and modules may be implemented in a software manner, or may be implemented in a general chip or a specific chip, where the device specifically includes:
The parameter obtaining unit 501 is configured to perform fast-slow wave separation on the zero-well-source-distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the development rule of the underground fracture of the target well;
the scan model construction unit 502 is configured to construct an initial scan model for developing an underground crack according to the parameters, logging information, and initial parameter values in a geological deposition background and crack parameter sample set of the target well region, and scan an underground first layer crack;
the scanning unit 503 is configured to select other parameter values from the fracture parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, scan a next layer of fracture by the initial scan model for development of an underground fracture, until each layer of fracture development parameter calculated by the initial scan model is matched with a transverse wave splitting parameter induced by an underground fracture of a target well, and obtain an underground fracture development scan model;
and an interpretation unit 504, configured to perform multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model.
In the scheme, a reflectivity method is adopted to acquire the seismic record of the model, and in the forward modeling process, in order to ensure the reliability of crack azimuth and time delay parameters calculated by the model, the setting of an observation system of the model is the same as that of an observation system of an actual well zone. And then, calculating by using the model seismic record to obtain azimuth vectors and time delay variation parameters of the model, and comparing the azimuth vectors of the crack calculated by the actual well region with the time delay variation parameters, wherein the fitting degree between the azimuth vectors and the time delay variation parameters is used as an iteration basis. And when the fitting degree is lower, under the constraint of geological background, continuously and iteratively modifying the model until the underground medium multilayer crack development model which is highly fitted with the crack orientation and time delay of the actual well region is obtained, and iteratively stopping.
FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the fracture development variation characteristics of a target well; FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram showing the time delay variation of the target well; FIG. 6C is a schematic diagram of the azimuth vector variation characteristic of the target well. As can be seen from fig. 6A and 6C, the azimuth vector change curves of the layout angles and crack development of the target well at the 60 th and 120 th detection points obviously change, so that it can be inferred that cracks exist at depths near the 60 th and 120 th detection points, and the marks are 1 and 2. As can be seen in fig. 6B, the time delay of the target well at the 60 th and 120 th spots varies significantly, indicating the presence of cracks, labeled 1 and 2, near the 60 th and 120 th spots.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a standard reflection interface of a target well according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The dividing schematic diagram of the standard reflection interface of the target well comprises the following steps: schematic of acoustic moveout graph, gamma log GR graph and longitudinal wave velocity.
In the application, the formation speed is calculated by combining GR, longitudinal wave speed and density logging curve data which are provided by a target well Se39 well and are less than 400 meters and picked up by VSP. According to the acoustic time difference curve, the types of underground reservoirs of the target well can be effectively distinguished, for example: sandstone lithology reservoirs, limestone reservoirs, and the like. The target well is divided into 11 standard reflection interfaces as the primary interfaces of the formation according to the longitudinal wave velocity. As shown, the 11 standard reflective interfaces are T1, T2, T3 to T11.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional fracture development interpretation of a target well according to embodiments herein. And obtaining a three-dimensional fracture development interpretation result of the target well according to the interpretation result of the underground fracture development model. The crack azimuth angle of the HTI dielectric layer is 50 degrees, and the density is 0.05; the ORT media had a fracture azimuth of 110 degrees and a density of 0.02.
When the crack azimuth of the ORT medium is 110 degrees and the density is 0.02, the time delay calculated by the model is close to the time delay change rule of the Se39 well region in height. Therefore, we give a reasonable explanation for the fracture system of this well development: i.e. a group of nearly vertical cracks with the density of about 0.05 develop between the T1-T2 reflecting interfaces above 200 m; a layer of formations with a fracture azimuth of 110 °, a density of 0.02 and ORT media characteristics was developed between 910m and 1010 m depth.
FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing a fit of the time delay of the subsurface fracture development scan model to the time delay of the target well; fig. 9B is a schematic diagram showing the fitting of the azimuth change rule of the underground fracture development scanning model and the azimuth change rule of the target well.
The underground crack development scanning model shown in the figure is a combination of HTI medium and ORT medium. Wherein the HTI medium grows above the detector point 40, the growth thickness is about 120m, the azimuth is 50 degrees, and the crack density is 0.05; the ORT medium develops below 120 wave points, the development thickness is about 100m, and the development azimuth is 110 degrees.
Wherein, the gray scale 1 is ORT medium, and the crack density is 0.01; the curve of gray 2 is ORT crack density of 0.02; the gray level 3 curve is ORT crack density of 0.03; the gray level 3 curve is ORT crack density of 0.04; the gray scale 4 curve is ORT crack 0.04.
As shown in fig. 10, a computer device is provided for embodiments herein by which target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation herein may be performed. The computer device 1002 may include one or more processors 1004, such as one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs), each of which may implement one or more hardware threads. The computer device 1002 may also include any memory 1006 for storing any kind of information, such as code, settings, data, etc. For example, and without limitation, memory 1006 may include any one or more of the following combinations: any type of RAM, any type of ROM, flash memory devices, hard disks, optical disks, etc. More generally, any memory may store information using any technique. Further, any memory may provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information. Further, any memory may represent fixed or removable components of computer device 1002. In one case, when the processor 1004 executes associated instructions stored in any memory or combination of memories, the computer device 1002 can perform any of the operations of the associated instructions. The computer device 1002 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 1008, such as a hard disk drive mechanism, an optical disk drive mechanism, and the like, for interacting with any memory.
The computer device 1002 may also include an input/output module 1010 (I/O) for receiving various inputs (via input device 1012) and for providing various outputs (via output device 1014). One particular output mechanism may include a presentation device 1016 and an associated Graphical User Interface (GUI) 1018. In other embodiments, input/output module 1010 (I/O), input device 1012, and output device 1014 may not be included as just one computer device in a network. Computer device 1002 may also include one or more network interfaces 1020 for exchanging data with other devices via one or more communication links 1022. One or more communication buses 1024 couple the above-described components together.
The communication link 1022 may be implemented in any manner, for example, through a local area network, a wide area network (e.g., the internet), a point-to-point connection, etc., or any combination thereof. Communication links 1022 may include any combination of hardwired links, wireless links, routers, gateway functions, name servers, etc., governed by any protocol or combination of protocols.
Corresponding to the method in fig. 1 to 4, embodiments herein also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the above method.
Embodiments herein also provide a computer readable instruction wherein the program therein causes the processor to perform the method as shown in fig. 1 to 4 when the processor executes the instruction.
Embodiments herein also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as shown in fig. 1-4.
It should be understood that, in the various embodiments herein, the sequence number of each process described above does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments herein.
It should also be understood that in embodiments herein, the term "and/or" is merely one relationship that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist. For example, a and/or B may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, in computer software, or in a combination of the two, and that the elements and steps of the examples have been generally described in terms of function in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.
In the several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices, or elements, or may be an electrical, mechanical, or other form of connection.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the elements may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments herein.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments herein may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions herein are essentially or portions contributing to the prior art, or all or portions of the technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments herein. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments herein and are merely illustrative of the methods herein and their core ideas; also, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein, many variations are possible in the specific embodiments and in the scope of use, and nothing in this specification should be construed as a limitation on the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of interpreting a multi-layer fracture in a target well region, the method comprising:
performing fast and slow wave separation on the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the development rule of underground cracks of the target well;
constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to the parameters, logging information and initial parameter values in a geological deposition background and crack parameter sample set of a target well region, and scanning an underground first layer of cracks;
selecting other parameter values from the crack parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, and scanning the next layer of cracks by the underground crack development initial scanning model until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the initial scanning model are matched with transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground cracks of the target well to obtain an underground crack development scanning model;
And performing multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters describing the development of the subsurface fracture in the target well zone comprise: fast transverse wave polarization azimuth, fast and slow transverse wave time difference; the fracture parameter sample set includes: a fracture azimuth vector set and a fracture density set.
3. The target well zone multilayer fracture interpretation method of claim 2, wherein the set of fracture densities is determined by:
determining initial density of cracks according to the fast and slow transverse wave speeds and the secondary transverse wave speed of a background medium;
setting a moving step length for the initial crack density to obtain a crack density set.
4. A method of multi-layer fracture interpretation of a target well region according to claim 3, wherein selecting parameter values from a set of fracture parameter samples, scanning the subsurface fracture development scan model comprises:
determining a crack azimuth vector from the crack parameter sample set, and sequentially selecting different crack densities from a crack density set;
respectively carrying out simulated seismic tests on the fracture azimuth vector and the underground fracture development scanning model under different fracture density conditions to generate corresponding seismic records;
And performing fast and slow wave separation on the seismic records to obtain the underground crack change characteristics of the underground crack development scanning model.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the obtaining a scan model of subsurface fracture development comprises:
calculating a crack azimuth vector and a fast and slow transverse wave time difference of the underground crack development scanning model according to the constructed underground crack development scanning model;
fitting a crack azimuth vector and a fast and slow transverse wave time difference calculated by an underground crack development scanning model with transverse wave splitting parameters induced by an underground crack of a target well to obtain a fitting result;
and when the fitting result meets the preset condition, determining that the fracture development parameters of each layer calculated by the scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground fracture of the target well.
6. The method of interpreting a target well zone multi-layer fracture according to claim 5, further comprising:
preprocessing the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data, wherein the preprocessing comprises the following steps: three-component de-coding, three-component integrated amplitude compensation, attenuation compensation and upstream and downstream wave separation.
7. A target well zone multi-layer fracture interpretation apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
The parameter acquisition unit is used for performing fast and slow wave separation on the zero-well source distance two-source four-component data of the target well to obtain parameters for describing the development rule of the underground crack of the target well;
the scanning model construction unit is used for constructing an initial scanning model for underground crack development according to the parameters, logging information and initial parameter values in a geological deposition background and crack parameter sample set of the target well region, and scanning an underground first layer crack;
the scanning unit is used for selecting other parameter values in the crack parameter sample set according to a preset scanning step length, constructing a corresponding scanning model for the underground crack, and scanning the crack developed on the next layer until the crack development parameters of each layer calculated by the scanning model are matched with the transverse wave splitting parameters induced by the underground crack of the target well, so as to obtain an underground crack development scanning model;
and the interpretation unit is used for performing multi-layer fracture interpretation on the target well by using the underground fracture development scanning model.
8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
9. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product comprises a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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