CN117269850A - Method and system for on-line monitoring of health state of super capacitor - Google Patents
Method and system for on-line monitoring of health state of super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN117269850A CN117269850A CN202311371896.XA CN202311371896A CN117269850A CN 117269850 A CN117269850 A CN 117269850A CN 202311371896 A CN202311371896 A CN 202311371896A CN 117269850 A CN117269850 A CN 117269850A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940013191 edex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N prostaglandin E1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/64—Testing of capacitors
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-line monitoring method and system for the health state of a super capacitor. The method comprises the following steps: the super capacitor to be tested is in a working state, and high-frequency oscillation current is generated; collecting signals of high-frequency oscillation current; denoising and filtering the high-frequency oscillation current signal to obtain a processed signal; extracting the inherent frequency and damping characteristics of the battery impedance based on the processed signals, and calculating the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor; and obtaining the health state information of the super capacitor through a characteristic curve table lookup between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor to be tested and the SOH. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of safety, high sensitivity, non-contact, low interference degree, strong real-time performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of circuit element monitoring, in particular to an online monitoring method and system for the health state of a super capacitor.
Background
The super capacitor has the advantages of high power density, long cycle life, no memory effect, no maintenance, wide working temperature limit, environment friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to public transportation, electric vehicles, new energy power generation, micro-grids and various electronic and power equipment. During long-term operation of the supercapacitor energy storage system, aging phenomena can occur, which can negatively affect the operation characteristics of the supercapacitor energy storage system, thereby affecting the performance of the system. Therefore, the method has important significance in real-time on-line monitoring of the health Status (SOH) of the super capacitor.
The invention with publication number CN116430141A provides an online evaluation method, a terminal and a storage medium for the health state of a capacitor, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an equivalent capacitance and an equivalent resistance of a capacitor to be measured in a current state; and calculating the similarity index of the equivalent capacitor and the equivalent resistor in the current state, and determining the comprehensive health degree of the capacitor to be tested based on the similarity index.
Three main methods for online monitoring of the supercapacitor SOH are a Kalman filtering method, an artificial neural network method and an electrochemical impedance method. The Kalman filtering method can accurately estimate a linear process model and a measurement model, but the optimal estimation effect is difficult to achieve in a nonlinear scene; through a large amount of data training, the supercapacitor SOH can be effectively estimated based on an artificial neural network method, but the calculated amount required by the method is large, and even the situation of overfitting can occur; the electrochemical impedance method evaluates the operational state of the supercapacitor by measuring its electrical impedance. The traditional electrochemical impedance method needs to measure the voltage and current signals of the capacitor on line at the same time, and mostly works at a lower frequency band (such as less than 1 kHz), so that the problems of potential safety hazard, sensitivity resistance, measurement accuracy limitation and the like exist.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for monitoring the health state of a super capacitor on line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low working frequency band, potential safety hazard and limitation of sensitivity blocking resistance measurement precision in the prior art, and provides a system and a method for monitoring the health state of a super capacitor on line.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
an online monitoring method for the health state of a super capacitor comprises the following steps:
acquiring a super capacitor and a characteristic curve between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor and SOH;
the super capacitor to be tested is in a working state, and high-frequency oscillation current is generated;
collecting a high-frequency oscillation current signal;
denoising and filtering the high-frequency oscillation current signal to obtain a processed signal;
extracting the inherent frequency and damping characteristics of the capacitance impedance based on the processed signals, and calculating the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor;
and obtaining the health state information of the super capacitor through a characteristic curve table lookup between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor to be tested and the SOH.
Further, the methods used to extract the natural frequency and damping characteristics of the battery impedance are fast fourier transform and half-power bandwidth methods.
Further, step 3) further comprises amplifying the denoised and filtered signal.
According to a second aspect of the invention, an on-line monitoring system based on the on-line monitoring method of the health state of any super capacitor comprises an input capacitor, a direct current-direct current converter, a load, a high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor, a signal processing module, an impedance calculation module and an SOH-impedance characteristic module, wherein the input capacitor is connected with the super capacitor to be tested in parallel, the input capacitor is connected with the input end of the direct current-direct current converter, the load is connected with the output end of the direct current-direct current converter, the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor is arranged in a loop where the input capacitor is located, the signal processing module is connected with the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor, the impedance calculation module is connected with the signal processing module, and the SOH-impedance characteristic module is connected with the impedance calculation module.
Further, the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor is arranged in the resonance loop in a non-contact mode.
Further, the frequency band range of the high-frequency oscillation current is 10 kHz-10 MHz.
Further, the signal processing module comprises a filtering module and an amplitude modulation module, wherein the filtering module is used for processing ripple current and electromagnetic noise, and the amplitude modulation module is used for amplifying signals in the vertical direction.
Further, the device also comprises an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is connected with the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor.
Further, the SOH-impedance characteristic module stores a pre-calibrated high-frequency resistance and SOH characteristic curve of the super capacitor.
Further, the input capacitance is a 1 μf film capacitance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention extracts damping characteristics by collecting the signals of the high-frequency oscillation current of the super capacitor, the high-frequency oscillation current belongs to electromagnetic resonance, the damping characteristics are sensitive to the change of the internal resistance of the capacitor, the sensitivity is high, and the on-line accurate monitoring of the SOH state of the super capacitor is facilitated.
2) According to the invention, through a non-contact monitoring method, all parameters and signals for calculating impedance are generated spontaneously by the system, no disturbance of external excitation is generated, and the disturbance to the system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a supercapacitor health status measurement step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the filtered, amplitude modulated high frequency oscillating current of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the high frequency impedance-SOH characteristic of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The invention relates to an on-line monitoring method for the health state of a super capacitor, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a super capacitor and a characteristic curve between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor and SOH;
the super capacitor to be tested is in a working state, and high-frequency oscillation current is generated;
collecting signals of high-frequency oscillation current;
denoising and filtering the high-frequency oscillation current signal to obtain a processed signal;
extracting the inherent frequency and damping characteristics of the capacitance impedance based on the processed signals, and calculating the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor;
and obtaining the health state information of the super capacitor through a characteristic curve table lookup between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor to be tested and the SOH.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for online monitoring of the health status of a supercapacitor, which includes the following steps:
1) The super capacitor to be tested is in a working state, and high-frequency oscillation current is generated;
2) Collecting signals of high-frequency oscillation current;
3) Denoising and filtering the high-frequency oscillation current signal to obtain a processed signal;
4) Extracting the inherent frequency and damping characteristics of the battery impedance based on the processed signals, and calculating the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor;
5) High-frequency internal resistance R passing through super capacitor to be tested sc_HF Characteristic curve soh=f (R sc_HF ) And looking up a table to obtain the health state information of the super capacitor.
As shown in FIG. 2, the system for on-line monitoring of the health state of the super capacitor is constructed based on the method of the invention and comprises an input capacitor, a direct current-direct current converter, a load, a high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor, a signal processing module, an impedance calculation module and an SOH-impedance characteristic module, wherein the input capacitor, the direct current-direct current converter and the load are respectively connected with the super capacitor to be tested in parallel, the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor is arranged in a resonant circuit, the signal processing module is connected with the high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor, the impedance calculation module is connected with the signal processing module, and the SOH-impedance characteristic module is connected with the impedance calculation module.
1) Input capacitance Cres: and small capacitors connected in parallel at two ends of the super capacitor. The parasitic inductance of the super capacitor forms an LC series resonant circuit, and under the excitation of the PWM switching voltage of the converter, a high-frequency oscillation current isw _res is generated, and the frequency range of the high-frequency oscillation current isw _res is 10 kHz-10 MHz.
2) A high frequency switching oscillating current sensor: the high-frequency oscillating current sensor is a coil surrounding the resonant circuit and is used for capturing the high-frequency switching oscillating current of the super capacitor. The high-frequency switch oscillation current sensor can be arranged at any position of the resonant circuit in a non-contact mode and comprises an input capacitance branch circuit and a super capacitance branch circuit.
3) And a signal processing module: the method is divided into filtering and amplitude modulation. The filtering module can be used for filtering PWM ripple current with lower frequency and electromagnetic noise with higher frequency, and only useful resonance current is reserved. The amplitude modulation module can amplify signals in the vertical direction, and the vertical resolution and the precision of the system are improved.
4) An impedance calculation module: and extracting the natural frequency and damping characteristics of the battery impedance, and then calculating the high-frequency internal resistance Rsc_HF of the super capacitor to represent the health state of the super capacitor.
5) SOH-impedance characteristics module: and checking the health state information of the super capacitor through a pre-stored characteristic curve between the calibrated super capacitor high-frequency resistor Rsc_HF and the SOH.
When the super capacitor energy storage system works normally, the high-frequency oscillating current isw generated on the input capacitor is captured on line through the high-frequency switch oscillating current sensor, and the current waveform after filtering and amplification is shown in fig. 3.
In the present embodiment, the characteristic curve soh=f (R sc_HF ) And (5) performing off-line calibration through an LCR tester.
The experimental process of this embodiment is as follows, the super capacitor module (composed of 6 Maxwell 2.7V/10F super capacitors in series) with the tested super capacitor of 16V/1.67F, the input capacitor uses 1 μf thin film capacitor, the high frequency current sensor uses high frequency flexible current probe, and sampling is performed by Picoscope 5000 series digital oscilloscope.
And in the experimental process, using an Edex bidirectional programmable power supply (IT-M3422) to carry out charge-discharge cyclic aging experiments on the super capacitor. The capacitor to be tested is charged and discharged in a large current cycle by adopting 6A, and the aging of the capacitor is accelerated by slight overcharge (the upper threshold value of the voltage is 3.0V, and the lower threshold value of the voltage is 0.5V). In the experiment, every 3000 charge-discharge cycles are set as an aging period, and once aging of a plurality of periods is completed, parameter identification and state monitoring are carried out on the super capacitor.
When the super capacitor energy storage system works normally, the high-frequency oscillating current isw generated on the input capacitor is captured on line through the high-frequency switch oscillating current sensor, and the current waveform after filtering and amplifying is shown in fig. 3. The natural frequency and damping characteristics of the super capacitor are obtained through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a half-power bandwidth method, and then the high-frequency equivalent series resistance of the super capacitor is calculated by utilizing the two parameters. Repeating the experimental step 3 in the same aging stage and taking the average value to obtain the high-frequency internal resistance Rsc_HF, and the complete result is shown in figure 4. And finally, obtaining the health state information of the super capacitor according to a characteristic curve between the pre-calibrated high-frequency resistor and the SOH.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The on-line monitoring method for the health state of the super capacitor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a super capacitor and a characteristic curve between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor and SOH;
the super capacitor to be tested is in a working state, and high-frequency oscillation current is generated;
collecting a high-frequency oscillation current signal;
denoising and filtering the high-frequency oscillation current signal to obtain a processed signal;
extracting the inherent frequency and damping characteristics of the capacitance impedance based on the processed signals, and calculating the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor;
and obtaining the health state information of the super capacitor through a characteristic curve table lookup between the high-frequency internal resistance of the super capacitor to be tested and the SOH.
2. The method for on-line monitoring of the health status of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the method for extracting the natural frequency and damping characteristics of the impedance of the battery is a fast fourier transform method and a half-power bandwidth method.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 3) further comprises amplifying the denoised and filtered signal.
4. An on-line monitoring system based on the on-line monitoring method of the super capacitor health status according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized by comprising an input capacitor, a direct current-direct current converter, a load, a high frequency switch oscillation current sensor, a signal processing module, an impedance calculation module and an SOH-impedance characteristic module, wherein the input capacitor is connected with the super capacitor to be tested in parallel, the input capacitor is connected with the input end of the direct current-direct current converter, the load is connected with the output end of the direct current-direct current converter, the high frequency switch oscillation current sensor is arranged in a loop where the input capacitor is located, the signal processing module is connected with the high frequency switch oscillation current sensor, the impedance calculation module is connected with the signal processing module, and the SOH-impedance characteristic module is connected with the impedance calculation module.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the high frequency switching oscillating current sensor is mounted in a non-contact manner in a resonant tank.
6. The on-line monitoring method of the health status of the super capacitor according to claim 4, wherein the frequency range of the high-frequency oscillation current is 10 kHz-10 MHz.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the signal processing module comprises a filtering module that processes ripple current and electromagnetic noise and an amplitude modulation module that amplifies the signal in a vertical direction.
8. The system of claim 4, further comprising an oscilloscope coupled to the high frequency switching oscillating current sensor.
9. The system of claim 4, wherein the SOH-impedance characteristics module stores pre-calibrated super-capacitor high frequency resistance versus SOH characteristics.
10. The system of claim 4, wherein the input capacitance is a 1 μf film capacitance.
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| CN202311371896.XA CN117269850A (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2023-10-23 | Method and system for on-line monitoring of health state of super capacitor |
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| CN202311371896.XA CN117269850A (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2023-10-23 | Method and system for on-line monitoring of health state of super capacitor |
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