CN117268902A - Pulling-resistant device for in-situ direct shear test and using method - Google Patents
Pulling-resistant device for in-situ direct shear test and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117268902A CN117268902A CN202311412395.1A CN202311412395A CN117268902A CN 117268902 A CN117268902 A CN 117268902A CN 202311412395 A CN202311412395 A CN 202311412395A CN 117268902 A CN117268902 A CN 117268902A
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulling-resistant device for an in-situ direct shear test and a use method thereof. The anti-pulling device comprises: a screw; the first lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the first end; the second lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the second end; the expansion body is sleeved on the screw rod between the first lock and the second lock; the first expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the first end of the expansion body to restrain the first end, and sealed with the first lock; the second expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the second end of the expansion body to restrain the second end, and sealed with the second lock; the first lock is provided with an injection port, and the injection port is communicated with the inner cavity of the expansion body through the first lock and is used for injecting expansion medium into the inner cavity. The pulling-resistant device can rapidly and effectively provide pulling resistance for an in-situ direct shear test, so as to meet the urgent requirement of rapidly obtaining effective pulling resistance in the in-situ direct shear test and ensure the rapid and smooth performance of the in-situ direct shear test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering geological test, in particular to a pulling-resistant device for an in-situ direct shear test and a using method thereof.
Background
In the field of engineering geology, the in-situ direct shear test is an important test means for acquiring the shear strength index of a rock-soil body, and has very wide application in determining engineering design parameters and researching engineering geology. The principle of the in-situ direct shear tester is mainly that normal and horizontal loads are applied to a sample, the load passes through the center of a shearing surface, so that the sample is sheared and damaged on a given shearing surface (bottom surface) under the action of normal force and horizontal force, and the shear strength index of a rock-soil body is obtained according to different normal loads and the horizontal load which causes the sample to shear and damage.
Because normal load needs to be applied to the sample in the test process, a pile loading method, a concrete pile, an anchor rod and other methods are usually adopted to apply pulling resistance to the test device in the process of developing the in-situ direct shear test at the present stage, but in the actual development process, the two methods have larger defects. The stacking method needs stacking objects with larger mass, is heavy, has extremely large volume and inconvenient transportation in the operation process, and technicians need to work under the load, so that the stacking method has larger potential safety hazard. Although the methods of concrete piles, anchor rods and the like can overcome part of the problems in the stacking method, concrete needs to be poured when the concrete piles are applied, the pile body is solidified for a long time, and meanwhile, the pile body cannot be moved and cannot be recycled after being solidified, so that certain material waste is caused; the anchor rod is generally applied to rock direct shear tests, the effect is poor in soil, the anchor rod is easy to deform, and the anchor rod cannot be recycled after the test is completed.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a quick and effective pulling-resistant device to meet the urgent need for quick and effective pulling-resistant force in the in-situ direct shear test.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the pulling-resistant device for the in-situ direct shear test and the use method thereof, which can rapidly and effectively provide pulling-resistant force for the in-situ direct shear test so as to meet the urgent requirement of rapidly obtaining effective pulling-resistant force in the in-situ direct shear test and ensure the convenient, efficient and safe in-situ direct shear test.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the present invention first provides a pull-out resistance device for in situ direct shear testing, the device having axially opposed first and second ends, comprising: the screw rod is arranged along the through length of the device in the axial direction and is at least connected with an in-situ direct shear test reaction frame at a first end; the first lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the first end; the second lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the second end; the expansion body is sleeved on the screw rod between the first lock and the second lock, and two ends of the expansion body are provided with openings to form a storage space together with the first lock and the second lock; the first expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the first end of the expansion body to restrain the first end, and forms a seal with the first lock; the second expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the second end of the expansion body to restrain the second end, and sealed with the second lock; the first lock is provided with an injection port, and the injection port is communicated with the storage space through the first lock and is used for injecting an expansion medium into the storage space.
In some embodiments, the set of fixing nuts is disposed on the screw at the first end and is composed of two nuts, and in use, the set of fixing nuts is fixedly connected with the bottom connecting piece of the reaction frame, the upper nut is fixed on the upper portion of the bottom connecting piece, the lower nut is fixed on the lower portion of the bottom connecting piece, and the two nuts clamp the bottom connecting piece to achieve tight connection between the device and the reaction frame.
In some embodiments, the expansion body comprises an intermediate expansion section, and two ends of the expansion section are respectively reduced in diameter to form a first threaded connection section and a second threaded connection section; the constraint length of the first expansion body is consistent with the length of the first threaded connection section, and the first expansion body is sleeved and in threaded connection with the first threaded connection section; the constraint length of the second expansion body is consistent with the length of the second threaded connection section, and the second expansion body is sleeved and in threaded connection with the second threaded connection section.
In some embodiments, the first expansion body is constrained to a cylindrical hollow threaded structure, the center of which has a threaded hole with a diameter consistent with the outer diameter of the first threaded connection section; the second expansion body is restrained to be of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, the center of the second expansion body is provided with a threaded hole, and the aperture of the threaded hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the second threaded connection section.
In some embodiments, the length of the first expansion body constraint and the first threaded connection section is greater than the length of the second expansion body constraint and the second threaded connection section.
In some embodiments, the first and second inflation body constraints conform to an outer diameter of an inflation section of the inflation body and to the first and second locking outer diameters.
In some embodiments, the first lock is a cylindrical hollow thread structure, a threaded hole is formed in the center and used for being connected with the screw rod, and the threaded hole is provided with a cavity which is communicated with the inner cavity of the expansion body; the second lock is of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, and the center of the second lock is provided with a threaded hole which is used for being connected with the screw.
In some embodiments, the first gasket has a through hole at its center, and is sleeved on the screw or the expansion body between the first lock and the first expansion body constraint, for sealing the expansion medium in the expansion body; the second sealing gasket is provided with a through hole at the center, is sleeved on the screw rod or the expansion body between the second locking and the second expansion body restraint, and is used for sealing an expansion medium in the expansion body.
In some embodiments, the expansion body is a rubber bag body, the whole body is a hollow columnar structure, and the surface of the expansion body is provided with regular folds.
The invention further provides a using method of the anti-pulling device, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining the placement number and positions of the anti-pulling devices on the ground in advance according to the size of a reaction frame of an in-situ direct shear test; step two, pre-drilling holes at the determined placement positions, and selecting proper expansion body diameters according to the drilling sizes, so that the hole diameters of the placement holes are slightly larger than the diameters of the anti-pulling devices, and the hole depths are slightly larger than the lengths of the anti-pulling devices; step three, placing the anti-pulling device in the drilling hole, and enabling the injection opening on the first lock to be slightly higher than the ground; step four, connecting a controllable hydraulic system with the injection port, calculating the hydraulic pressure required to be injected by the single anti-pulling device according to the counterforce required to be provided, injecting liquid, and stopping filling after the calculated pressure is reached; and fifthly, tightly connecting the tops of all the anti-pulling devices with the bottom of the counter-force frame, providing the anti-pulling force required by the in-situ direct shear test, performing the in-situ direct shear test, timely adjusting the pressure in the expansion body in the experimental process, changing the anti-pulling force provided by the anti-pulling devices, and keeping balance when the anti-pulling devices work cooperatively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a pulling-resistant device for an in-situ direct shear test, which can be specifically called a hydraulic friction pile, can effectively overcome the problems existing in the traditional normal load application method, can greatly improve the in-situ direct shear test efficiency, and has important significance for the development of engineering geological tests. Particular advantages of the invention can be realized, inter alia, in one or more of the following aspects:
(1) The anti-pulling device effectively solves the problem of how to apply normal pressure in an in-situ direct shear test, and the hydraulic friction pile is small, exquisite and portable, and has great significance in the field of engineering geological test in the use process compared with the traditional method.
(2) According to the anti-pulling device, the threaded structures are arranged at the two ends of the hydraulic expansion body, the hydraulic expansion body is convenient to connect and restrained, the expansion part is made of rubber, regular folds are formed in the surface and used for increasing the contact area with the hole wall, and meanwhile the friction coefficient of the hydraulic friction pile is improved through the folds.
(3) The hydraulic expansion body adopts an asymmetric design, and when the hydraulic expansion body is placed in a placement drilling hole, the expansion part is positioned at the middle lower part of the pile body, and avoids the part with lower strength of a rock-soil body at the upper part of the drilling hole, so that the hydraulic expansion body provides the pulling resistance required by an in-situ direct shear test.
(4) The top and bottom hydraulic expansion body constraint is used for improving the strength of two ends of the hydraulic expansion body, and the constraint is formed at the two ends of the hydraulic expansion body, so that the hydraulic expansion body is effectively prevented from being affected by edge effect in the oiling process, and the explosion risk is generated at the boundary of the upper part and the lower part.
(5) The expansion body can be manufactured into a set of expansion bodies with different diameters, the hydraulic expansion bodies with different diameters can be flexibly combined with other components of the pile body according to the size of the mounting hole in the actual use process, and meanwhile, the expansion bodies can be quickly replaced through the structure when the hydraulic expansion bodies are broken, leaked and the like under the damage condition, so that the expansion body has stronger adaptability, can be used in drilling holes with different diameters, and is convenient to detach.
(6) According to the anti-pulling device disclosed by the invention, after the test is finished, the hydraulic expansion body can be restored to the original form through pressure relief, and then can be easily taken out from a drilling position where the device is placed, so that repeated recycling can be realized for many times, the loss of resource materials can be effectively reduced, and the anti-pulling device accords with the environment-friendly, low-carbon, environment-friendly, sustainable and saving concepts advocated by the whole society at the present stage.
It should be understood that the implementation of any of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to simultaneously possess or achieve some or all of the above-described benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anti-pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state of a hydraulic expansion body before expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hydraulic expansion body according to an embodiment of the present invention after expansion;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a first expansion body constraint structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second expansion body constraint structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of placement of an anti-pulling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a first locking (second locking) structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ direct shear test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a controllable hydraulic system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a distribution diagram of a pull-out device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
100-pulling-resistant devices, 200-reaction frames, 300-controllable hydraulic systems and 400-drilling holes;
the device comprises a 1-fixing nut group, a 2-screw, a 3-first locking, a 4-first sealing gasket, a 5-first expansion body restraint, a 6-filling opening, a 7-expansion body, an 8-second expansion body restraint, a 9-second sealing gasket, a 10-second locking and an 11-bottom connecting piece.
Like or corresponding reference characters indicate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions herein are for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consists of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method as desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," and the like, does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, apparatus, process, or method that includes the element.
It is further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices, components, or structures referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured or operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In order to better understand the above technical solution, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pull-out resistant device 100 for an in-situ direct shear test according to the present invention provides pull-out resistance for an in-situ direct shear test and can be repeatedly recycled, and may be simply referred to as a friction pile. The device mainly comprises: screw 2, first lock 3, first expansion body restraint 5, filling opening 6, expansion body 7, second expansion body restraint 8, second lock 10.
The screw rod 2 is arranged along the through length of the device in the axial direction and is at least connected with an in-situ direct shear test reaction frame at a first end; the screw rod 2 is used as a main body structure of the whole device, mainly plays a supporting role in the device, provides a guarantee for the strength of the device, and other structures are mounted on the screw rod 2 by taking the screw rod 2 as a carrier, and are mounted and connected through a thread structure.
The first lock 3 is sleeved on the screw rod 2 and is close to the first end; the second lock 10 is sleeved on the screw rod 2 and is close to the second end; the expansion body 7 is sleeved on the screw rod 2 between the first lock 3 and the second lock 10, and the expansion body 7 is provided with a closed inner cavity; the first expansion body restraint 5 is sleeved at the first end of the expansion body 7 to restrain the first end and form a seal with the first lock 3; the second expansion body restraint 8 is sleeved on the second end of the expansion body 7 to restrain the second end and form a seal with the second lock 10; the first lock 3 and the second lock 10 are used for locking and limiting the expansion body 7 on the screw rod 2, and ensure effective sealing of the two ends of the expansion body 7 through the extrusion action of the two ends on the first expansion body restraint 5 and the second expansion body restraint 8.
The first lock 3 is provided with an injection port 6, and the injection port 6 is communicated with the inner cavity of the expansion body 7 through the inside of the first lock 3 and is used for injecting expansion medium into the inner cavity.
It should be noted that, the first end and the second end refer to two ends of the long column device, for example, the first end is a top end or an upper end, the second end is a bottom end or a lower end, and the two ends are not limited to be understood as different, and the following embodiments are exemplified by using the first end as the top end and the second end as the bottom end.
When the device is used, the expansion medium is injected into the injection port 6, hydraulic oil is preferably used for the expansion medium, so that the expansion body 7 expands in a drilled hole and forms strong friction force with the hole wall, strong pulling resistance is provided for in-situ direct shear equipment, after the test, the expansion body can be restored to the original shape through pressure relief, and then the expansion body can be easily taken out from the drilled hole position where the equipment is placed, and repeated utilization can be realized. The invention effectively solves the problem of how to apply normal pressure in the in-situ direct shear test, and the hydraulic friction pile is small and light, and compared with the traditional anti-pulling pile, the hydraulic friction pile is convenient and efficient in use, and has important significance in the field of engineering geological test.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the device further includes a set of fixing nuts 1, where the set of fixing nuts 1 is disposed on the screw 2 at the top end and is composed of two nuts, and in use, is fixedly connected to the bottom connecting member of the reaction frame, and the upper nut is fixed to the upper portion of the bottom connecting member 11, and the lower nut is fixed to the lower portion of the bottom connecting member 11, and the two nuts clamp the bottom connecting member 11 to achieve tight connection between the device and the reaction frame, as will be described in detail later with reference to fig. 9.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, a specific expansion body 7 is provided, including an intermediate expansion section 71, where two ends of the expansion section 71 are respectively reduced in diameter to form a first threaded connection section 72 and a second threaded connection section 73; the threaded connection section can adopt a plastic threaded structure or a metal threaded structure to be respectively connected with the hydraulic expansion bodies at the top and the bottom for constraint, hydraulic expansion bodies with different diameters can be selected according to the size of the mounting hole to be flexibly combined with other components of the pile body in the actual use process, and meanwhile, the expansion bodies can be quickly replaced through the structure when the hydraulic expansion bodies are broken, leaked and the like under the damage condition.
The dimensions of the first and second threaded connection sections 72, 73, which are referred to as the reduction, are small relative to the expansion section 71, and may be reduced in a right-angle step, or in a straight ramp, or in an arcuate taper, depending on the materials and processes used, as shown in the figures as an example. Through setting up first threaded connection section 72 and the second threaded connection section 73 of reducing, first inflation body restraint 5 cover is established and threaded connection is in first threaded connection section 72, second inflation body restraint 8 cover is established and threaded connection is in second threaded connection section 73, restraint is carried out inflation body 7 from its both ends with the help of first inflation body restraint 5, second inflation body restraint 8, ensure that the inflation section 71 of inflation body 7 intermediate section can expand smoothly when the hydraulic oil is poured into, simultaneously first inflation body restraint 5, second inflation body restraint 8 also can ensure that inflation body 7 both ends are effective sealed (specifically will be explained in detail later).
Preferably, the length of the first expansion body constraint 5 is consistent with the length of the first threaded connection section 72, and the length of the second expansion body constraint 8 is consistent with the length of the second threaded connection section 73, so that full-length constraint is realized on two sections of threaded sections, boundary effects are reduced as much as possible, two ends are thin after expansion is prevented, only the middle part is thick, the contact surface with the hole wall is insufficient, undesired swelling, leakage and the like are avoided locally, and therefore the expansion body can be clung to the hole wall as much as possible, the contact area is increased, and enough friction force is increased.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in some embodiments, the first expansion body constraint 5 and the second expansion body constraint 8 are cylindrical hollow threaded structures, the materials are stainless steel materials, the centers are provided with threaded holes, the pore diameters of the threaded holes are respectively consistent with the outer diameters of the first threaded connection section 72 and the second threaded connection section 73, the first expansion body constraint 5 and the second expansion body constraint 8 are installed by screwing the threads on the external threads of the first threaded connection section 72 and the second threaded connection section 73 through the constraint internal threads of the hollow threaded structures, meanwhile, the first threaded connection section 72 and the second threaded connection section 73 are effectively constrained, the first expansion body constraint 5 is arranged at the upper end of the expansion body 7, the strength of the upper part of the hydraulic expansion body is improved, the constraint is formed at the upper part of the hydraulic expansion body, the hydraulic expansion body is effectively prevented from being influenced by boundary effects in the oiling process, and the explosion risk is generated at the upper boundary; also, the second expansion body restraint 8 promotes the intensity of the lower part of the hydraulic expansion body, forms restraint at the lower part of the hydraulic expansion body, effectively prevents the hydraulic expansion body from being influenced by boundary effect in the oiling process, and generates burst risk at the boundary of the lower part. In addition, the threaded engagement structure can also prevent slippage at the interface during expansion.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6 again, preferably, the expansion body 7 is designed asymmetrically, and has a longer head and a shorter tail, i.e. the length of the first threaded connection section 72 is greater than that of the second threaded connection section 73, so that when the expansion body is installed in a borehole, the main expansion part of the device avoids the loose part on the upper part of the rock-soil body and stretches into the compact part on the lower part, thereby providing the test device with enough counterforce, and the expansion body is expanded when the top of the expansion body is connected with the injection port and liquid is injected through the injection port, and the surface of the expansion body and the hole wall are gradually compressed to generate friction, so as to provide the in-situ direct shear equipment with enough counterforce.
It will be readily appreciated that the length of the expansion body 7 and its expansion section 71 is determined in particular by the magnitude of the reaction force required for the test, and that the length of the first threaded connection section 72 is determined in particular by the distribution of the rock-soil mass strata at the test site.
Preferably, the first expansion body restraint 5 and the second expansion body restraint 8 are identical to the outer diameter of the expansion section 71 of the expansion body 7, and are also identical to the outer diameters of the first lock 3 and the second lock 10, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, so that the whole device has the same outer diameter in the length range, and the outer surface of the device has a basically continuous flat surface, so that the device is convenient to be placed into a drill hole.
Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments, the first lock 3 is a cylindrical hollow thread structure made of stainless steel or cast iron, and has a threaded hole in the center for connection with the screw 2, and the threaded hole has a cavity communicating with the inner cavity of the expansion body 7 (the cavity is referred to in fig. 1 and 2); likewise, the second lock 10 is a cylindrical hollow thread structure made of stainless steel or cast iron, and has a threaded hole in the center for connection with the screw 2. By means of locking internal threads of the central threaded holes of the first lock 3 and the second lock 10, locking connection is achieved between the two ends of the first lock and the screw 2, when the first lock and the second lock are screwed inwards further, extrusion force is applied to the end faces of the first expansion body constraint 5 and the second expansion body constraint 8 correspondingly, locking sealing of the two ends of the expansion body 7 is achieved, and stable and effective expansion effect can be achieved when hydraulic oil is injected.
Preferably, in order to facilitate the screwing operation of the first lock 3 and the second lock 10, at least two opposite sides of the first lock 3 and the second lock 10 are provided with notches (or referred to as locking clamping grooves) for fastening operation by using a wrench.
In order to ensure the mechanical locking and sealing effect at the contact interface between the first lock 3 and the second lock 10 and between the first expansion body constraint 5 and between the second expansion body constraint 8, and the second expansion body constraint 8, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment further provides a first sealing gasket 4 and a second sealing gasket 9, both of which have through holes in the centers, the first sealing gasket 4 is made of rubber material, and is sleeved on the expansion body 7 between the first lock 3 and the first expansion body constraint 5, and the second sealing gasket 9 is sleeved on the expansion body 7 between the second lock 10 and the second expansion body constraint 8, and is respectively used for sealing the contact interface between the lock and the expansion body, thereby sealing the expansion medium in the expansion body.
In another way, the first sealing pad 4 is directly sleeved on the screw rod 2 between the first locking 3 and the first expansion body constraint 5, the second sealing pad 9 is directly sleeved on the screw rod 2 between the second locking 10 and the second expansion body constraint 8, and at this time, the size of the central through holes of the first sealing pad 4 and the second sealing pad 9 should be larger than the outer diameter of the screw rod 2, so as to ensure that hydraulic oil can smoothly enter the inner cavity of the expansion body 7 through the central through holes.
In some embodiments, the injection port 6 adopts a threaded liquid injection port, the liquid injection port is communicated with the inside of the hydraulic expansion body, and the surface of the liquid injection port is provided with threads and can be connected with an oil pressure pumping port through a liquid injection port nut to inject liquid into the hydraulic expansion body.
In the invention, the expansion body 7 is preferably a rubber capsule body, the whole body is of a hollow columnar structure, and the surface of the expansion body is provided with regular folds. The rubber capsule body intensity is high, difficult damaged, and expandable after the inside pressurization, surface fold such as helicitic texture, all set up helicitic texture in the total length scope of whole rubber capsule body promptly, the threaded connection section at both ends is used for retraining threaded connection with corresponding inflation body, and the intermediate screw fold is used for increasing the area of contact with the pore wall, simultaneously through fold hoisting device's coefficient of friction, produces effective friction with drilling pore wall ground body after the inflation to provide sufficient counter-force for normal position direct shear equipment with the help of friction, shape recovery behind the spilled liquid. The form before and after expansion is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The invention provides an in-situ direct shear test system based on a pulling-resistant device, which is shown in fig. 9 and 10, and comprises the following steps:
a reaction frame 200;
the anti-pulling devices 100, a plurality of groups of anti-pulling devices 100 are placed in the drill holes according to preset number and positions, and the top ends of the anti-pulling devices 100 are connected to the bottom of the reaction frame 200 through screw rods 2;
the controllable hydraulic system 300 is used for injecting an expansion medium into the expansion body 7 of the anti-pulling device 100.
The controllable hydraulic system 300 is connected with a hydraulic friction pile, namely a threaded liquid injection port (injection port 6) of the anti-pulling device 100, and comprises a hydraulic pump, an oil supply pipe, a return pipe and a three-way connecting piece, wherein an oil pressure gauge is arranged on the hydraulic pump to check the hydraulic pressure in the pile body in real time, and a return wrench is arranged on the hydraulic pump and used for returning the hydraulic oil so as to realize the regulation and control of the hydraulic pressure in the pile body, and the balance state of a reaction frame is kept when a plurality of piles work together, so that the structure of the controllable hydraulic system is shown in figure 10.
The application method of the anti-pulling device comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the placement number and positions of the anti-pulling devices on the ground in advance according to the size of a reaction frame of an in-situ direct shear test; as shown in fig. 11, four positions for placing the anti-pulling device are selected on the ground in situ, and the spacing between the positions is 0.6m;
drilling holes in advance at the determined placement positions by using a knapsack drilling machine, wherein the depth of each drilled hole is 0.6m, and the diameter of an appropriate expansion body is selected according to the size of each drilled hole, so that the diameter of the placement hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the anti-pulling device, the diameter difference is preferably about 3-4cm, the hole depth is slightly larger than the length of the anti-pulling device, and the hole depth is preferably slightly larger than 2-3 cm; the expansion body can be manufactured into a set of different diameters so as to adapt to the drilling holes with different diameters, the proper expansion body diameter is selected according to the size of the drilling holes, meanwhile, the expansion body can be quickly replaced, the proper expansion body can be selected for assembly according to the on-site drilling holes, the expansion body has stronger adaptability, can be used in the drilling holes with different diameters, and can be conveniently disassembled;
thirdly, placing the anti-pulling device in the drill hole, and enabling the injection opening on the first lock to be slightly higher than the ground by 2-3cm so as to be convenient for connecting a controllable hydraulic system;
step four, connecting a controllable hydraulic system with an injection port, calculating the hydraulic pressure required to be injected by a single anti-pulling device according to the counterforce required to be provided, injecting liquid (the pressure is related to the required normal pressure), extruding the side wall of the drilled hole by a friction pile, generating friction force with the hole wall, and stopping filling after the calculated pressure is reached when enough friction force can be generated;
and fifthly, tightly connecting the tops of all the anti-pulling devices with the bottom of the counter-force frame, providing the anti-pulling force required by the in-situ direct shear test, performing the in-situ direct shear test, timely adjusting the pressure in the expansion body in the experimental process, changing the anti-pulling force provided by the anti-pulling devices, and keeping balance when the anti-pulling devices work cooperatively.
In this example, the shear area of the pattern was 0.25m during the in situ direct shear test 2 The four hydraulic pullout resistance devices provide a total of 7500N,15000N and 22500N forces depending on the three normal loads 30kpa,60kpa and 90kpa required for the test.
After the test is finished, the reflux wrench is opened to enable the hydraulic friction pile to recover the original state, and the hydraulic friction pile can be taken out of the drilled hole.
While several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A pull-out resistant device for use in an in situ direct shear test, the device having axially opposed first and second ends, comprising:
the screw rod is arranged along the through length of the device in the axial direction and is at least connected with an in-situ direct shear test reaction frame at a first end;
the first lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the first end;
the second lock is sleeved on the screw rod and is close to the second end;
the expansion body is sleeved on the screw rod between the first lock and the second lock, and two ends of the expansion body are provided with openings to form a storage space together with the first lock and the second lock;
the first expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the first end of the expansion body to restrain the first end, and forms a seal with the first lock;
the second expansion body is restrained, sleeved at the second end of the expansion body to restrain the second end, and sealed with the second lock;
the first lock is provided with an injection port, and the injection port is communicated with the storage space through the first lock and is used for injecting an expansion medium into the storage space.
2. The pull-resistant device of claim 1, further comprising:
the fixed nut group is arranged on the screw rod at the first end and consists of two nuts, the upper nut is fixedly connected with the bottom connecting piece of the reaction frame in use, the upper nut is fixed on the upper part of the bottom connecting piece, the lower nut is fixed on the lower part of the bottom connecting piece, and the device is tightly connected with the reaction frame by clamping the bottom connecting piece through the two nuts.
3. The anti-pull device according to claim 1, wherein:
the expansion body comprises an expansion section in the middle, and two ends of the expansion section are respectively reduced in diameter to form a first threaded connection section and a second threaded connection section;
the constraint length of the first expansion body is consistent with the length of the first threaded connection section, and the first expansion body is sleeved and in threaded connection with the first threaded connection section;
the constraint length of the second expansion body is consistent with the length of the second threaded connection section, and the second expansion body is sleeved and in threaded connection with the second threaded connection section.
4. A pull-out resistant device according to claim 3, wherein:
the first expansion body is restrained to be of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, a threaded hole is formed in the center of the first expansion body, and the aperture of the threaded hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the first threaded connecting section;
the second expansion body is restrained to be of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, the center of the second expansion body is provided with a threaded hole, and the aperture of the threaded hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the second threaded connection section.
5. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the length of the first expansion body constraint and the first threaded connection section is greater than the length of the second expansion body constraint and the second threaded connection section.
6. A pull-out resistant device according to claim 3, wherein:
the first expansion body constraint and the second expansion body constraint are consistent with the outer diameters of expansion sections of the expansion bodies and are consistent with the first locking outer diameters and the second locking outer diameters.
7. The anti-pull device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first lock is of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, the center of the first lock is provided with a threaded hole which is used for being connected with the screw rod, and the threaded hole is provided with a cavity which is communicated with the inner cavity of the expansion body;
the second lock is of a cylindrical hollow thread structure, and the center of the second lock is provided with a threaded hole which is used for being connected with the screw.
8. The pull-resistant device of claim 1, further comprising:
the first sealing gasket is provided with a through hole at the center, is sleeved on the screw rod or the expansion body between the first lock and the first expansion body constraint and is used for sealing an expansion medium in the expansion body;
the second sealing gasket is provided with a through hole at the center, is sleeved on the screw rod or the expansion body between the second locking and the second expansion body restraint, and is used for sealing an expansion medium in the expansion body.
9. The pull-out resistant device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
the expansion body is a rubber bag body, the whole expansion body is of a hollow columnar structure, and the surface of the expansion body is provided with regular folds.
10. A method of using the pull-out resistant device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the placement number and positions of the anti-pulling devices on the ground in advance according to the size of a reaction frame of an in-situ direct shear test;
step two, pre-drilling holes at the determined placement positions, and selecting proper expansion body diameters according to the drilling sizes, so that the hole diameters of the placement holes are slightly larger than the diameters of the anti-pulling devices, and the hole depths are slightly larger than the lengths of the anti-pulling devices;
step three, placing the anti-pulling device in the drilling hole, and enabling the injection opening on the first lock to be slightly higher than the ground;
step four, connecting a controllable hydraulic system with the injection port, calculating the hydraulic pressure required to be injected by the single anti-pulling device according to the counterforce required to be provided, injecting liquid, and stopping filling after the calculated pressure is reached;
and fifthly, tightly connecting the tops of all the anti-pulling devices with the bottom of the counter-force frame, providing the anti-pulling force required by the in-situ direct shear test, performing the in-situ direct shear test, timely adjusting the pressure in the expansion body in the experimental process, changing the anti-pulling force provided by the anti-pulling devices, and keeping balance when the anti-pulling devices work cooperatively.
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