CN117266911A - Mine fire prevention and extinguishing system and method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization - Google Patents
Mine fire prevention and extinguishing system and method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 alkenyl sulfonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/08—Rock dusting of mines; Depositing other protective substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mine fire prevention and extinguishing system and a method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization, wherein the system comprises the following steps: a supply device provided with a reservoir, a pulverized coal tank and a carbon dioxide storage tank; the fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder is arranged in the pulverized coal tank, and the output end of the pulverized coal tank is connected with the pulping device and is mixed with water in the reservoir; the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is sequentially connected with the gasification device and the foaming device; the output end of the pulping device is connected with the input end of the foaming device; the output end of the additive tank filled with the foaming agent solution is connected with the input end of the foaming device; the output end of the foaming device is connected with the goaf through a slurry conveying pipeline; according to the invention, the fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder, the carbon dioxide waste gas and the waste water are correspondingly introduced into the foaming device, so that the gas-liquid-solid waste is fully utilized, and the prepared composite slurry has good fluidity, strength and stability, and compared with the traditional yellow mud, the composite slurry has wider coverage area and better fireproof effect after being injected into a goaf.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waste utilization technology, belongs to the field of coal mine fireproof, and in particular relates to a mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization and a method thereof.
Background
Coal is an important raw material in thermal power generation, metallurgy and chemical industry, and a large amount of gas, liquid and solid wastes are generated in the coal exploitation, coal chemical production and thermal power generation processes, and occupy a large amount of land, pollute soil and water resources and seriously harm the environment, so that the waste is turned into wealth and comprehensively utilized, and a new method is required to be urgently sought;
specifically, fly ash is a main solid waste generated in the power generation process of a coal-fired thermal power plant, and the main components of the fly ash are fine ash-like suspended matters of silicate, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide and magnesium oxide, and the treatment method is mostly treated by adopting a mode of direct landfill after earth surface pit digging solidification; the coal gangue is solid waste generated in the coal mining and washing processes, and the main components of the coal gangue are a large amount of dark gray rock of metal, alkaline earth metal and sulfide, and the treatment method of the coal gangue mostly adopts open-air stacking, so that a large amount of land resources are occupied, harmful substances are easy to leak, and serious pollution is caused to the environment;
the gas waste comprises coal chemical waste gas and smoke of a thermal power plant, and the coal chemical waste gas is CO formed in the production processes of coal preparation, gasification and the like 2 Waiting for mixed exhaust gas; the flue gas of the thermal power plant is a mixture of gas and smoke dust generated in the power generation process of the coal-fired power plant, and the main component of the flue gas comprises N 2 、CO 2 (content is more than 90 percent)) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The gaseous waste will cause damage to the ozone layer, resulting in global warming;
mine wastewater is mixed wastewater generated in the development and mining processes of a coal mine, and comprises coal washing wastewater generated in wet coal washing, domestic wastewater generated in the activities of underground staff and groundwater gushing in the mining process; the waste water in the mine is pumped by a water pump to be directly discharged, so that not only is the resource wasted, but also the environment pollution is caused;
in addition, a large amount of crushed coal, float coal and safe coal pillars can be left in a goaf or a mining tunnel in the mining process, when the goaf or the mining tunnel is not tightly sealed or the ventilation condition of the tunnel is not good, oxygen can be continuously supplied, a large amount of heat energy is generated after the coal is oxidized, if the heat energy cannot be timely dissipated, the spontaneous combustion of mine coal can be possibly caused, along with the gradual increase of the production task of a mining area, the mining intensity, the mining area and the mining depth are sequentially increased, disasters such as natural ignition of a coal seam are more complicated, and the prevention of the natural ignition of the coal seam is an extremely important task in the current mining process of the coal mine;
at present, the common method is to inject slurry into the goaf to reduce the contact area of residual coal and air, for example, the common fire prevention and extinguishing filling material is yellow mud slurry, the yellow mud slurry is obtained by excavating loess stratum although the cost is low and the application is quick, the ecological environment of the mining area is greatly destroyed, the yellow mud slurry has larger particles and general fluidity, a wider coverage area cannot be formed after being injected into the goaf, and the condition of contact of residual coal and oxygen still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization, which has a simple and compact structure, can fully utilize the gas-liquid-solid waste, avoid occupying land and polluting soil and water resources, effectively prevent and extinguish the mine, reduce the contact probability of a goaf and oxygen, and has better fire prevention effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization, comprising:
a supply device provided with a reservoir, a pulverized coal tank and a carbon dioxide storage tank;
the fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder is arranged in the pulverized coal tank, and the output end is conveyed into the pulping device through a screw feeder and is mixed with water conveyed into the pulping device through a water pump by a reservoir; the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is firstly connected with a gasification device for gasifying liquid carbon dioxide and then connected with the input end of the foaming device;
the output end of the pulping device is connected with the input end of the foaming device through a grouting pump;
the additive tank is internally provided with a foaming agent solution, and the output end of the additive tank is connected with the input end of the foaming device through an additive adding pump;
and the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the output end of the foaming device and conveys the prepared composite slurry to the goaf.
Further, the foaming device includes:
the pulping device and the output end of the additive tank are connected with the input end of the mixer together, the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected with the bubbler, and the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the output end of the bubbler;
the two ends of the grouting bypass pipe are correspondingly connected with the input end of the mixer and the output end of the bubbler.
Furthermore, the input end of the mixer is provided with a mixer regulating valve, the output end of the bubbler is provided with a bubbler regulating valve, and the grouting bypass pipe is provided with a bypass pipe valve.
Further, an electric ash discharging valve is arranged at the output end of the pulverized coal tank, and a flowmeter and a first electric control valve are arranged between the reservoir and the pulping device;
the output end of the additive tank is provided with an electric control valve, and the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is provided with a second electric control valve.
The invention aims to provide a mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization, which is characterized in that fly ash or a mixture of fly ash and gangue powder, carbon dioxide waste gas and waste water are correspondingly introduced into a foaming device, so that the gas-liquid-solid waste is fully utilized, and the prepared composite slurry has good fluidity, strength and stability, and compared with the traditional yellow mud, the composite slurry has wider coverage after being injected into a goaf and better fire prevention effect;
the mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on the utilization of the gas-liquid-solid wastes specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, opening an electric ash discharge valve, feeding fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and gangue powder in a coal powder tank into a screw feeder, quantitatively metering by the screw feeder, and feeding into a pulping device;
s2, turning on a water pump, and introducing water in a reservoir into a pulping device according to a certain proportion to be stirred and mixed with fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and gangue powder, wherein the stirring speed is 60-80 r/min, so as to obtain mixed slurry;
s3, storing the composite foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, the adhesive, the PH regulator and the water into an additive storage tank, and fully stirring to obtain a foaming agent solution with a certain concentration;
s4, after the preparation of the mixed slurry is completed, starting a grouting pump, and conveying the mixed slurry to an underground foaming device; starting an additive adding pump, and feeding a foaming agent solution into a mixer;
mixing slurry and foaming agent solution to form mixed solution at a mixer, then feeding the mixed solution into a foamer at high speed, and sucking carbon dioxide waste gas obtained through a carbon dioxide gasification device into the foamer under the action of high-speed injection, so as to form an inorganic composite slurry foam material in the foamer;
and S5, finally, directly injecting the inorganic composite slurry foam material into the underground through a grouting pump, and transporting to a slurry-using place of a goaf to cover residual coal so as to achieve the effect of preventing and extinguishing fire.
Preferably, when the fly ash is in the pulverized coal tank, the mass ratio of the fly ash to water fed into the pulping device is 1:2-1:6;
the foaming agent solution consists of 2-3% of composite foaming agent, 2-4% of foam stabilizer, 1.4-1.8% of binder and 2-3% of PH regulator by mass percent, and the balance is carbon dioxide waste gas, and the balance is complemented to 100%.
Further, the composite foaming agent is prepared by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 3:2;
the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate aqueous solution.
Preferably, when the inside of the pulverized coal tank is a mixture of fly ash and gangue powder, the mass ratio of the mixture to water fed into the pulping device is 1:2-1:6, and the mass ratio of the gangue powder to the fly ash is 1:3-1:10;
the foaming agent solution is prepared from 5-8% of composite foaming agent, 2-5% of foam stabilizer, 1-2% of adhesive, 2-3% of PH regulator and the balance of flue gas or carbon dioxide waste gas by mass percent, and the balance is complemented to 100%;
further, the composite foaming agent is prepared by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 2:1-4:3;
the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate aqueous solution.
Further, the pulping capacity of the pulping device should be more than or equal to 60m 3 And/h, the pumping capacity of the grouting pump is more than or equal to 60m 3 And/h, the outlet pressure is more than or equal to 5MPa;
the oxidation cross temperature of the fly ash or the gangue powder is above 300 ℃, the constant temperature oxygen absorption amount is less than 0.1mL/g, the fixed carbon content is not more than 8%, the sulfur content is not more than 1.5%, the loss of burning amount is not more than 20%, and the heating value is not more than 2000J/g.
Compared with the prior art, the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the utilization of the gas, liquid and solid wastes correspondingly introduces fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder, carbon dioxide waste gas and waste water into the foaming device through the coal dust tank, the carbon dioxide storage tank and the water storage tank, so that the gas, liquid and solid wastes are fully utilized, and the occupation of land and the pollution of land and water resources are avoided;
compared with the traditional yellow mud, the prepared composite slurry has wider coverage area after being injected into a goaf, reduces the probability of contact between the goaf and oxygen, and realizes good fireproof effect;
in the curing process of injecting the composite slurry into the goaf, free carbon dioxide in a formed covering layer exists in the goaf, when the goaf is subjected to coal-missing oxidation and temperature rise, the slurry absorbs heat released by the coal-missing oxidation, the solubility of the carbon dioxide can be reduced through the temperature rise of the composite slurry, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released, the free carbon dioxide is released to the goaf, and the goaf gas inerting and the coal spontaneous combustion prevention effect are realized;
the calcium and magnesium plasma in the composite material reacts with the injected carbon dioxide waste gas and water to generate a large amount of carbonate and bicarbonate, the compounds are decomposed after being heated, a large amount of heat is absorbed in the phase change decomposition process, the temperature of the goaf is reduced, and the aim of preventing spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a downhole grouting pipeline grouting mode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention using a surface drilling direct injection mode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bubbling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the actual measurement of the CO concentration change in the goaf after the application of the present invention;
in the figure: 11. a pulverized coal tank 12, an electric ash discharge valve 13 and a screw feeder;
21. the water storage tank, 22, a water pump, 23, a filter, 24, a flowmeter, 25 and a first electric control valve;
31. a carbon dioxide storage tank 32, a second electric control valve 33 and a gasification device;
41. an additive tank 42, an additive adding pump 43 and an electric regulating valve;
51. pulping device, 52, stirring device, 53, foaming device, 54, mixer, 55, bubbler, 56, bypass valve, 57, grouting bypass pipe, 58, mixer regulating valve, 59, bubbler regulating valve;
61. grouting pump, 62, grouting drilling, 63, slurry conveying pipeline.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization comprises:
a supply device having a reservoir 21, a pulverized coal tank 11, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 31;
the coal powder tank 11 is internally provided with fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and coal gangue powder, and the output end is conveyed into the pulping device 51 through the screw feeder 13 and is mixed with water conveyed into the pulping device 51 by the water pump 22 through the water reservoir 21; the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 31 is firstly connected with a gasification device 33 for gasifying liquid carbon dioxide and then connected with the input end of a foaming device 53;
the output end of the pulping device 51 is connected with the input end of the foaming device 53 through a grouting pump 61;
the additive tank 41 is internally provided with a foaming agent solution, and the output end of the foaming agent solution is connected with the input end of the foaming device 53 through the additive adding pump 42;
a slurry conveying pipeline 63 connected with the output end of the foaming device 53 and conveying the prepared composite slurry to the goaf;
specifically, the reservoir 21, the pulverized coal tank 11, and the carbon dioxide tank 31 in the supply device perform the input of liquid, solid, and gas wastes, namely:
waste water, which is mixed waste water generated in the development and mining processes of coal mines, is conveyed into a reservoir 21 through a pipeline;
the fly ash and the gangue powder of the thermal power plant are conveyed to a downstream scraper conveyor by a scraper conveyor, the gangue is conveyed to a downstream fixed screen by the scraper conveyor, the screened gangue is conveyed to a downstream jaw crusher by a rubber belt conveyor for crushing treatment, the crushed gangue is conveyed to a ball mill by the rubber belt conveyor for grinding treatment, the fly ash and the gangue powder of the thermal power plant are finally conveyed to a pulverized coal tank 11, and the screw feeder 13 can realize accurate quantitative control of material entering;
the carbon dioxide waste gas, the flue gas of the thermal power plant and the carbon dioxide waste gas of the coal chemical industry are conveyed into the carbon dioxide storage tank 31 through the recovery pipeline;
the pulping device 51 is used for mixing solid waste and liquid waste to prepare mixed slurry, namely, the mixture of fly ash or fly ash and gangue powder and waste water are fed into the pulping device 51 together, a high-speed stirring device 52 is arranged in the pulping device 51, and the output end of the pulping device 51 is connected with a slurry buffering pool when necessary;
the foaming device 53 is used for mixing the solid waste and the liquid waste to prepare mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry with the carbon dioxide waste gas, and forming composite slurry under the action of a foaming agent solution, namely conveying the mixed slurry through the grouting pump 61, and sucking the carbon dioxide waste gas into the foaming device 53 to form the composite slurry with the mixed slurry under the high-speed injection action of the mixed slurry;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the composite slurry grouting can adopt a mode of grouting by a downhole slurry conveying pipeline or directly grouting by surface drilling; grouting the underground goaf through ground drilling and direct injection, drilling through a down-the-hole hammer construction method after the position and depth of a well hole are determined, and completely casing the grouting drilling hole 62 and installing a grouting pipeline 63; the composite slurry is injected into a grouting borehole 62 by a grouting pump 61 near the wellhead and then poured into the goaf. In general, the pressure and flow rate of the grouting pump 61 need to be adjusted according to the drilling depth, diameter and other factors to ensure the uniformity and quality of grouting;
when the goaf area is large and limited by the ground surface topography, the ground grouting drilling holes 62 are relatively far away from the grouting area, the underground grouting pipeline is adopted for grouting, and further the grouting requirement of grouting places is met.
The mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the utilization of the gas-liquid-solid waste is characterized in that fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder, carbon dioxide waste gas and waste water are correspondingly introduced into the foaming device 53 through the coal powder tank 11, the carbon dioxide storage tank 31 and the water reservoir 21, so that the gas-liquid-solid waste is fully utilized, the occupation of land and the pollution of land and water resources are avoided, the formed composite slurry has good fluidity, strength and stability, and compared with the traditional yellow mud, the coverage area is wider after the composite slurry is injected into a goaf, the probability of the goaf contacting oxygen is reduced, and a good fire prevention effect is realized;
namely, in the curing process of injecting the composite slurry into the goaf, the free carbon dioxide in the formed covering layer exists in the composite slurry; when the goaf is subjected to coal-missing oxidation and temperature rising, the composite slurry absorbs heat released by coal-missing oxidation, the solubility of carbon dioxide can be reduced through the temperature rising of the composite slurry, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released, free carbon dioxide is released to the goaf, the free carbon dioxide and a coal body generate a convection heat exchange effect in the process of releasing from bubbles, the heat of low-temperature oxidation of the coal body is timely taken away, the coal temperature is prevented from rising further, the coal spontaneous combustion is restrained, the gas inerting of the goaf is realized, and the effect of preventing and controlling the coal spontaneous combustion is achieved. And the calcium and magnesium plasma in the mixed slurry reacts with the injected carbon dioxide waste gas and wastewater to generate a large amount of carbonate and bicarbonate, the compounds are decomposed after being heated, a large amount of heat can be absorbed in the phase change decomposition process, the temperature of the goaf is reduced, and the aim of preventing spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, in some preferred embodiments, the foaming device 53 includes:
the mixer 54 and the bubbler 55 are sequentially connected, the pulping device 51 and the output end of the additive tank 41 are connected with the input end of the mixer 54 together, the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 31 is connected with the bubbler 55, and the pulp conveying pipeline 63 is connected with the output end of the bubbler 55;
a grouting bypass pipe 57, both ends of which are respectively connected to the input end of the mixer 54 and the output end of the bubbler 55;
specifically, the mixed slurry prepared by mixing the solid waste and the liquid waste is fully mixed with the foaming agent solution in the mixer 54, and enters the bubbler 55 at a high speed, so that carbon dioxide waste gas is sucked into the bubbler 55 for mixing, and the composite slurry for mine fire prevention and extinguishment can be more effectively formed;
in addition, a mixer regulating valve 58 is arranged at the input end of the mixer 54, and a bubbler regulating valve 59 is arranged at the output end of the bubbler 55, wherein the bubbler regulating valve 59 is used for regulating the input flux; the bypass valve 56 is arranged on the grouting bypass pipe 57, the grouting bypass pipe 57 is used as an emergency channel of the grouting pipeline 63, and when the grouting pipeline 63 is damaged, for example, the corresponding valve is damaged, the grouting bypass pipe 57 can avoid the influence on equipment use due to maintenance; in addition, when the inorganic composite foam material is not needed for in-situ grouting, common fly ash slurry can be transported through the grouting bypass pipe 57.
Further, an electric ash discharge valve 12 is arranged at the output end of the pulverized coal tank 11, and a flowmeter 24 and a first electric control valve 25 are arranged between the reservoir 21 and the pulping device 51;
the output end of the additive tank 41 is provided with an electric control valve 43, and the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 31 is provided with a second electric control valve 32.
Specifically, the electric ash discharge valve 12 is used for controlling the output of the coal powder tank 11 and conveniently quantitatively metering fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the gangue;
the flow meter 24 monitors the flow of the passing wastewater, and the first electric control valve 25, the second electric control valve 32 and the electric control valve 43 can be uniformly controlled by a controller, namely corresponding quantitative parameters are set, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the corresponding valves to realize the connection of input/output and the control of corresponding throughput.
Example 1
The water in the reservoir 21 can be injected into the pulping device 51 through the filter 23 by the water pump 22, when the inside of the pulverized coal tank 11 is mainly fly ash, the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, opening an electric ash discharge valve 12, feeding fly ash in a pulverized coal tank 11 into a screw feeder 13, quantitatively metering by the screw feeder 13, and feeding into a pulping device 51;
s2, turning on a water pump 22, and introducing water in a reservoir 21 into a pulping device 51 according to a certain proportion to be stirred and mixed with fly ash, wherein the stirring speed is 60-80 r/min, so as to obtain mixed slurry;
preferably, the oxidation cross temperature of the fly ash in the pulverized coal tank 11 is above 300 ℃, the constant temperature oxygen uptake is less than 0.1mL/g, the fixed carbon content is not more than 8%, the sulfur content is not more than 1.5%, the loss of burning is not more than 20%, the heating value is not more than 2000J/g, and the mass ratio of the fly ash to water is 1:2-1:6;
the pulping capacity of the pulping device 51 should be 60m or more 3 The pumping capacity of the grouting pump 61 should be 60m or more 3 The outlet pressure (pumping pressure) is more than or equal to 5MPa, the diameter of the main pipeline of the slurry conveying pipeline 63 is not less than DN220, and the diameter of the slurry injection bypass pipe 57 is 160-200 mm;
s3, storing the composite foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, the adhesive, the PH regulator and the water into an additive storage tank, and fully stirring to obtain a foaming agent solution with a certain concentration;
preferably, the foaming agent solution consists of 2-3% of composite foaming agent, 2-4% of foam stabilizer, 1.4-1.8% of binder and 2-3% of PH regulator by mass percent, and the balance is carbon dioxide in coal chemical industry, and the balance is up to 100%.
Further, the composite foaming agent is prepared by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 3:2; the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate (commonly known as sodium silicate) water solution;
s4, after the preparation of the mixed slurry is completed, a grouting pump 61 is started to convey the mixed slurry to a downhole foaming device 53; the additive addition pump 42 is activated and the foamer solution is fed into the mixer 54;
the mixed slurry and the foaming agent solution form mixed liquid at the mixer 54, then enter the bubbler 55 at high speed, and under the action of high-speed injection, the carbon dioxide waste gas obtained by the carbon dioxide gasification device 33 is sucked into the bubbler 55, and an inorganic composite slurry foam material is formed in the bubbler 55;
and S5, finally, directly injecting the inorganic composite slurry foam material into the underground through a grouting pump 61, and transporting to a slurry site of a goaf to cover residual coal so as to achieve the effect of preventing and extinguishing fire.
Example 2
When the coal powder tank 11 is internally provided with a mixture of fly ash and gangue, the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization, provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the mixture of fly ash and gangue powder in a pulverized coal tank 11 into a screw feeder 13, quantitatively metering by the screw feeder 13, and feeding into a pulping device 51;
crushing the coal gangue by using a jaw crusher, a double-roller crusher and a ball mill respectively to obtain coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.1 mm; carrying out advanced treatments such as precipitation, filtration and the like on wastewater generated in a mining area in a precipitation tank to remove solid suspended matters and metal elements; deep deoxidizing the fume produced by burning coal to obtain inert gas with fire retarding performance, N 2 、CO 2 Mixing the gases;
s2, turning on a water pump 22, and introducing water in a reservoir 21 into a pulping device 51 according to a certain proportion to stir and mix with the mixture, wherein the stirring speed is 60-80 r/min, so as to obtain mixed slurry;
preferably, the mass ratio of the gangue powder to the fly ash to the wastewater is 1:2-1:6, and the mass ratio of the gangue powder to the fly ash of the thermal power plant is 1:3-1:10; the oxidation cross temperature of fly ash and gangue powder in the pulverized coal tank 11 is above 300 ℃, the constant temperature oxygen uptake is less than 0.1mL/g, the fixed carbon content is not more than 8%, the sulfur content is not more than 1.5%, the loss of combustion is not more than 20%, and the heating value is not more than 2000J/g;
s3, storing the composite foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, the adhesive, the PH regulator and the water into an additive storage tank, and fully stirring to obtain a foaming agent solution with a certain concentration;
preferably, the foaming agent solution is prepared from 5-8% of composite foaming agent, 2-5% of foam stabilizer, 1-2% of adhesive, 2-3% of PH regulator and the balance of flue gas of a thermal power plant or carbon dioxide waste gas of coal chemical industry to complement 100%;
wherein the flue gas of the thermal power plant has extremely low oxygen content and high inert gas content and is mainly composed of N 2 、CO 2 ；
Further, the composite foaming agent is prepared by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 2:1-4:3; the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate (commonly known as sodium silicate) water solution;
s4, after the preparation of the mixed slurry is completed, a grouting pump 61 is started to convey the mixed slurry to a downhole foaming device 53; the additive addition pump 42 is activated and the foamer solution is fed into the mixer 54;
the sedimentation velocity of the mixed slurry is 1 mm/min-10 mm/min, the plasticity index is 7-14, and the viscosity coefficient (1-2) is multiplied by 10 - 3 Pa·s；
The mixed slurry and the foaming agent solution form mixed liquid at the mixer 54, then enter the bubbler 55 at high speed, and under the action of high-speed injection, the carbon dioxide waste gas obtained by the carbon dioxide gasification device 33 is sucked into the bubbler 55, and an inorganic composite slurry foam material is formed in the bubbler 55;
s5, finally, directly injecting the inorganic composite slurry foam material into the underground through a grouting pump 61, and conveying to a slurry site of a goaf to cover residual coal so as to achieve the effect of preventing and extinguishing fire;
the gas-liquid-solid waste utilization type composite slurry bubble in the mining area is transported to the goaf by a long-distance grouting mode or a ground drilling direct grouting mode through a special underground slurry transporting pipeline, so that the effect of fire prevention and extinguishment is achieved.
In practical application, taking the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system as an example for a certain coal mine of a certain coal group company in northwest, the application site is a goaf of a certain working face of the mine and a goaf nearby, as shown in fig. 4, in the use process of two months, testers intermittently measure the concentration of CO for many times and draw corresponding change diagrams, namely the concentration of CO integrally shows a descending trend, and the result fully shows that the mine fire prevention and extinguishing system can effectively prevent spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid solid waste utilizes which characterized in that includes:
a supply device provided with a reservoir (21), a pulverized coal tank (11) and a carbon dioxide storage tank (31);
fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and the gangue powder is arranged in the pulverized coal tank (11), the output end of the pulverized coal tank is conveyed into the pulping device (51) through the screw feeder (13) and is mixed with water conveyed into the pulping device (51) by the water pump (22) through the water reservoir (21); the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (31) is firstly connected with a gasification device (33) for gasifying liquid carbon dioxide and then connected with the input end of a foaming device (53);
the output end of the pulping device (51) is connected with the input end of the foaming device (53) through a grouting pump (61);
an additive tank (41) is internally provided with a foaming agent solution, and the output end of the additive tank is connected with the input end of a foaming device (53) through an additive adding pump (42);
and the slurry conveying pipeline (63) is connected with the output end of the foaming device (53) and conveys the prepared composite slurry to the goaf.
2. A mine fire protection and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the frothing device (53) comprises:
the device comprises a mixer (54) and a bubbler (55), wherein the mixer (54) and the bubbler (55) are sequentially connected, the pulping device (51) and the output end of the additive tank (41) are connected with the input end of the mixer (54) together, the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (31) is connected with the bubbler (55), and the slurry conveying pipeline (63) is connected with the output end of the bubbler (55);
and two ends of the grouting bypass pipe (57) are correspondingly connected with the input end of the mixer (54) and the output end of the bubbler (55).
3. The mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to claim 1, wherein a mixer regulating valve (58) is arranged at the input end of the mixer (54), a bubbler regulating valve (59) is arranged at the output end of the bubbler (55), and a bypass valve (56) is arranged on the grouting bypass pipe (57).
4. A mine fire prevention and extinguishing system based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the output end of the coal dust tank (11) is provided with an electric ash discharge valve (12), and a flowmeter (24) and a first electric control valve (25) are arranged between the water reservoir (21) and the pulping device (51);
the output end of the additive tank (41) is provided with an electric control valve (43), and the output end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (31) is provided with a second electric control valve (32).
5. A method for fire prevention and extinguishment in a mine based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, opening an electric ash discharge valve (12), feeding fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and gangue powder in a pulverized coal tank (11) into a screw feeder (13), quantitatively metering by the screw feeder (13), and feeding into a pulping device (51);
s2, turning on a water pump (22), and introducing water in a reservoir (21) into a pulping device (51) according to a certain proportion to be stirred and mixed with fly ash or a mixture of the fly ash and coal gangue powder, wherein the stirring speed is 60-80 r/min, so as to obtain mixed slurry;
s3, storing the composite foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, the adhesive, the PH regulator and the water into an additive storage tank, and fully stirring to obtain a foaming agent solution with a certain concentration;
s4, after the preparation of the mixed slurry is completed, starting a grouting pump (61) and conveying the mixed slurry to a downhole foaming device (53); starting the additive adding pump (42) and feeding the foaming agent solution into the mixer (54);
mixing the slurry and the foaming agent solution to form a mixed solution at a mixer (54), then enabling the mixed solution to enter a foaming device (55) at a high speed, and sucking carbon dioxide waste gas obtained through a carbon dioxide gasification device (33) to the foaming device (55) under the high-speed injection effect, so that an inorganic composite slurry foam material is formed in the foaming device (55);
and S5, finally, directly injecting the inorganic composite slurry foam material into the underground through a grouting pump (61), and transporting to a slurry using place of a goaf to cover residual coal so as to achieve the effect of preventing and extinguishing fire.
6. The mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to claim 5, wherein when the fly ash is in the pulverized coal tank (11), the mass ratio of the fly ash to water introduced into the pulping device (51) is 1:2-1:6;
the foaming agent solution consists of 2-3% of composite foaming agent, 2-4% of foam stabilizer, 1.4-1.8% of binder and 2-3% of PH regulator by mass percent, and the balance is carbon dioxide waste gas, and the balance is complemented to 100%.
7. The mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization as claimed in claim 6, wherein the composite foaming agent is obtained by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 3:2;
the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate aqueous solution.
8. The mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to claim 5, wherein when the interior of the pulverized coal tank (11) is a mixture of fly ash and gangue powder, the mass ratio of the mixture to water in the pulping device (51) is 1:2-1:6, and the mass ratio of the gangue powder to the fly ash is 1:3-1:10;
the foaming agent solution is composed of 5-8% of composite foaming agent, 2-5% of foam stabilizer, 1-2% of binder, 2-3% of PH regulator, and the balance of flue gas or carbon dioxide waste gas, and the balance is complemented to 100%.
9. The mine fire prevention and extinguishing method based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization as claimed in claim 8, wherein the composite foaming agent is obtained by compounding two surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, and the mass ratio of the two surfactants is 2:1-4:3;
the foam stabilizer comprises silicone polyether emulsion, and the binder adopts sodium silicate aqueous solution.
10. A method for mine fire prevention and extinguishment based on gas-liquid-solid waste utilization according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the pulping capacity of the pulping device (51) should be greater than or equal to 60m 3 And/h, the pumping capacity of the grouting pump (61) is 60m or more 3 And/h, the outlet pressure is more than or equal to 5MPa;
the oxidation cross temperature of the fly ash or the gangue powder is above 300 ℃, the constant temperature oxygen absorption amount is less than 0.1mL/g, the fixed carbon content is not more than 8%, the sulfur content is not more than 1.5%, the loss of burning amount is not more than 20%, and the heating value is not more than 2000J/g.
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