CN117265286A - Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents

Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117265286A
CN117265286A CN202311260213.3A CN202311260213A CN117265286A CN 117265286 A CN117265286 A CN 117265286A CN 202311260213 A CN202311260213 A CN 202311260213A CN 117265286 A CN117265286 A CN 117265286A
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China
Prior art keywords
based composite
composite material
aluminum
atmosphere
inert atmosphere
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Pending
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CN202311260213.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
鲍瑞
梁啟文
刘亮
戴青松
易健宏
苏新
刘春轩
曹柳絮
蒋兆汝
钟豪
吴云
刘光武
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Hunan Xiangtou Light Material Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Xiangtou Light Material Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311260213.3A priority Critical patent/CN117265286A/en
Publication of CN117265286A publication Critical patent/CN117265286A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0038Obtaining aluminium by other processes
    • C22B21/0069Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a powder recovery method of an aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the steps of cutting aluminum-based composite material waste into sheets, crushing the sheets into centimeter-level granular materials, then carrying out microwave heating on the granular materials in an inert atmosphere, cooling the granular materials in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, selectively heating the granular materials by microwaves to manufacture thermal adaptation to generate more microcracks and defects so as to form starting points of crushing, simultaneously alternately manufacturing thermal fatigue cracks by cold and hot, creating stress concentration conditions in specific areas of the surface interface of the composite material, and finally crushing the granular materials in the inert atmosphere to obtain the high-purity, high-dispersion, high-uniformity, environment-friendly powder-based composite material.

Description

Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a powdering recovery method of an aluminum-based composite material.
Background
The aluminum-based material refers to a material based on metallic aluminum. The aluminum-based composite material is a composite structure material formed by combining an aluminum matrix with other materials (such as fiber reinforced materials, particle reinforced materials and the like). These composites generally have higher strength, stiffness and abrasion resistance while maintaining lower weight, and are used in a range of applications including aerospace, automotive, marine, electronics packaging, sports equipment, etc., as well as in the manufacture of aircraft skins, automotive body parts, boat structures, electronic heat sinks, etc. With the widespread use of aluminum-based composite materials and the proposal of dual carbon targets, recycling of aluminum-based composite materials has become urgent. According to statistics of related institutions, recycling CO discharged by 1 ton of green aluminum 2 1/10 of 1 ton of aluminum is produced by electrolysis, and the recovered aluminum-based material has considerable economic effect and effective environmental protection effect.
However, aluminum-based composite materials generally have both toughness and strength, and are generally not easily pulverized. Meanwhile, the fragility of the aluminum-based composite material depends on various factors including the characteristics of the material, the alloy components, the processing mode, the use conditions and the like, so that the powdering process of the aluminum-based composite material can be influenced, certain difficulty and uncertain factors are brought to the powdering process and the result, and the powdering cost can be increased. For example, patent (a method 2023105567192 for recycling scrap of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material) mentions a method of T6 heat treating an aluminum-based composite material to crush it by changing the microstructure to increase the hardness of the material. Furthermore, according to some of the presently disclosed patent information, whether it is a smelting process recycle or a powder metallurgy process recycle (e.g., a method 2020108677491 for preparing a clustered aluminum matrix composite from a graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, a method 2018102448561 for preparing a clustered aluminum matrix composite from a recovered SiCp/Al composite, and a method 2023104329144 for preparing a casting from a ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste), the bulk material is subjected to a crushing treatment.
Therefore, how to provide a powder recovery method of an aluminum-based composite material with high purity, high dispersion, high uniformity, green and clean process and environmental friendliness becomes a hot spot of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a powder recovery method of an aluminum-based composite material which is high in purity, high in dispersion, high in uniformity, green and clean in process and environment-friendly.
The powdering recovery method of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
providing an aluminum-based composite scrap;
washing the waste material and cutting the waste material into sheets;
crushing the sheet to obtain a centimeter-level granular material;
carrying out microwave heating on the granular material in an inert atmosphere, and then cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain a cooled sample;
and crushing the cooled sample in an inert atmosphere to obtain the powdery aluminum-based composite material.
In one embodiment, the step of microwave heating the particulate material in an inert atmosphere comprises: and heating the granular material to 120-550 ℃ in an inert atmosphere by microwaves, and preserving heat for 0-30 min.
In one embodiment, the heating rate of the microwave heating is 10 ℃/min to 150 ℃/min.
In one embodiment, the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere of a reducing gas and an inert gas; the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere, and the preferred inert gas is nitrogen or argon; the preferred reducing gas is hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the crushing is performed using a jaw crusher, cone crusher, hammer crusher, roller crusher, or impact crusher.
In one embodiment, the comminution is carried out using an air mill or a ball mill.
In one embodiment, the average size of the particulate material is from 0.1cm to 3.0cm.
In one embodiment, before the step of pulverizing the cooled sample in an inert atmosphere, the method further comprises the step of repeatedly performing microwave heating and cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere on the cooled sample until obvious cracks appear on the surface of the cooled sample.
According to the powder recovery method of the aluminum-based composite material, the aluminum-based composite material waste is cut into the sheet, the sheet is crushed into the centimeter-level granular material, the granular material is heated in the inert atmosphere by microwaves and then cooled in the non-oxidizing atmosphere, more microcracks and defects are generated by thermal adaptation through selective heating of the microwave, so that the thermal adaptation becomes a starting point of crushing, meanwhile, thermal fatigue cracks are alternately manufactured by cold and hot, stress concentration conditions are created in specific areas of the surface interface of the composite material, and finally, the powder-based composite material which is high in purity, high in dispersion, high in uniformity, green and clean in process and environment-friendly can be obtained by crushing in the inert atmosphere.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of the powder material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of powder materials prepared according to example 1;
fig. 3 is a particle size distribution diagram of the powder material prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter in order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, and preferred embodiments of the present invention are set forth. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The powdering recovery method of the aluminum-based composite material according to one embodiment includes the following steps S110 to S150:
s110, providing aluminum-based composite material waste;
in this embodiment, the aluminum matrix composite scrap is a scrapped or rejected silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake disc.
S120, cleaning the waste material, and cutting into sheets.
The cleaning is mainly to remove impurities on the surface of the waste material.
In this embodiment, the waste after washing may be cut into sheets of about 10cm so that the crushing treatment can be performed relatively easily later.
Further, the cleaned waste material can be cut into sheets of 3 cm-8 cm, so that the subsequent crushing treatment is facilitated.
It will be appreciated that the step of cutting may be omitted if the scrap material itself is a thinner sheet or smaller bulk material.
S130, crushing the sheet to obtain the centimeter-sized granular material.
In this embodiment, crushing is performed using a jaw crusher, a cone crusher, a hammer crusher, a roll crusher, or a impact crusher.
The above-mentioned breaker is the breaker that current is commonly used, and this is not repeated here.
Further, the sheet material can be crushed into particle materials with the average size of 0.1 cm-3.0 cm, so that the surface area of particles exposed to microwaves and non-oxidizing atmosphere can be increased, on one hand, cracks can be formed on the surfaces of the particles more quickly, on the other hand, the particles with the average size of 0.1 cm-3.0 cm are distributed more uniformly in a physical space, the phenomenon of uneven treatment caused by particle accumulation can be reduced, the subsequent crushing treatment is facilitated, and the recovery efficiency and effect are improved.
And S140, carrying out microwave heating on the granular material in an inert atmosphere, and then cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain a cooled sample.
Wherein the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere, and the inert gas is argon or nitrogen.
The step of microwave heating the particulate material in an inert atmosphere comprises: the granular material is heated to 120-550 ℃ by microwaves in inert atmosphere, and is kept for 0-30 min, so that the internal structure of the aluminum-based composite material is not damaged, the microwave energy is effectively absorbed, the heat is generated, and the interior of the granule is enabled to generate enough interface thermal stress.
In the embodiment, the heating rate of microwave heating is 10-150 ℃ per minute, so that the particles can uniformly absorb microwave energy and generate heat, the material performance is prevented from being influenced by local overheating, and meanwhile, enough interface thermal mismatch can be generated inside the particles.
The particle materials are heated in the inert atmosphere by microwaves, thermal mismatch is produced by the selective microwave heating, more microcracks and defects can be produced, the microcracks and the defects become starting points of crushing, meanwhile, thermal fatigue cracks are produced alternately by cooling and heating in the non-oxidizing atmosphere, and stress concentration conditions are created in specific areas of the surface boundary of the composite material, so that a favorable precondition is provided for further crushing.
In this embodiment, the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere of a reducing atmosphere and an inert atmosphere, wherein the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon. The reducing gas is hydrogen. By microwave heating the particulate material in an inert atmosphere and then cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the particulate material is effectively prevented from reacting with oxygen or other reactive gases in contact, which would affect its recovery.
It should be noted that, in order to further facilitate the subsequent pulverization, the cooling sample may repeat step S140, i.e., the steps of microwave heating and cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere are repeated until obvious cracks appear on the surface of the cooling sample.
And S150, crushing the cooled sample in an inert atmosphere to obtain the powdery aluminum-based composite material.
In this embodiment, the pulverization is performed by an air mill or a ball mill.
The jet mill or ball mill used for the above-mentioned pulverization is the conventional pulverizing equipment, and will not be described here again.
In this embodiment, the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
The method is simple and reliable, the obtained composite powder product has good stability, controllable granularity distribution, green and clean preparation process and environment-friendly, and the recovery of the aluminum-based composite powder with high purity, high uniformity and high dispersion can be realized.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
Providing a scrapped silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake disc with the diameter of more than 50 cm;
after cleaning the surface of the brake disc, cutting the brake disc into sheets;
putting the sheet into a roller crusher for crushing to obtain a granular material with the average size of 3 cm;
heating the granular material to 550 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere by microwaves, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and cooling in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a cooled sample, wherein the heating rate of microwave heating is 150 ℃/min;
and (3) putting the cooled sample into an air flow mill for crushing, wherein inert gas is adopted as a medium in the air flow mill, and the air flow and the pressure are controlled to obtain the micro powder, the particle size distribution of the micro powder is shown in figure 1, and the morphology of the particles is shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was substantially the same as example 1 except that comparative example 1 omits the step of microwave heating the particulate material to 550 c in a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere after 20 minutes of heat preservation, and pulverizing the particulate material directly in a jet mill.
The particle size distribution of the powder material obtained in comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from the comparison of fig. 1 and 3, the powder recovery method of the aluminum-based composite material provided by the application can obtain finer, more uniform and more dispersed aluminum-based composite material powder.
Example 2
Providing a scrapped aluminum-based composite material brake disc with the diameter of 65 cm;
cleaning the brake disc and cutting the brake disc into sheets;
putting the sheet into a hammer crusher for crushing to obtain a granular material with an average size of 1 cm;
heating the granular material to 380 ℃ in argon atmosphere by microwaves, preserving heat for 30 minutes, putting the granular material into a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen, cooling, and repeating the steps until obvious cracks appear on the surface of a cold night sample, wherein the heating rate of microwave heating is 10 ℃/min;
and (3) placing the cooled sample into a ball mill for ball milling, filling argon into the ball mill, and controlling the number and the rotating speed of the grinding balls to obtain submicron powder.
Example 3
Providing an unqualified aluminum-based composite material brake disc with the diameter of more than 30 cm;
cleaning the brake disc and cutting the brake disc into sheets;
placing the sheet into a jaw crusher for crushing to obtain a granular material with an average size of 0.1 cm;
heating the granular material to 120 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere by microwaves, preserving heat for 15 minutes, and then cooling in an argon atmosphere to obtain a cooled sample, wherein the heating rate of microwave heating is 80 ℃/min;
and (3) putting the cooled sample into a ball mill for crushing, and controlling the rotation speed and time of the ball mill by using nitrogen as a medium to obtain the fine micron-sized powder.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The powdering recovery method of the aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing an aluminum-based composite scrap;
washing the waste material and cutting the waste material into sheets;
crushing the sheet to obtain a centimeter-level granular material;
carrying out microwave heating on the granular material in an inert atmosphere, and then cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain a cooled sample;
and crushing the cooled sample in an inert atmosphere to obtain the powdery aluminum-based composite material.
2. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step of microwave heating the particulate material in an inert atmosphere is specifically: and heating the granular material to 120-550 ℃ in an inert atmosphere by microwaves, and preserving heat for 0-30 min.
3. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the heating rate of the microwave heating is 10 ℃/min to 150 ℃/min.
4. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere of a reducing gas and an inert gas, the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon; the reducing gas is hydrogen.
5. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the crushing is performed by jaw crusher, cone crusher, hammer crusher, roller crusher or impact crusher.
6. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pulverization is performed by using an air mill or a ball mill.
7. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the average size of the particulate material is 0.1cm to 3.0cm.
8. The method for recovering aluminum-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising the step of repeating the steps of microwave heating and cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of the cooled sample until a significant crack appears on the surface of the cooled sample, before the step of pulverizing the cooled sample in an inert atmosphere.
CN202311260213.3A 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material Pending CN117265286A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311260213.3A CN117265286A (en) 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311260213.3A CN117265286A (en) 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117265286A true CN117265286A (en) 2023-12-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311260213.3A Pending CN117265286A (en) 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 Powder recovery method of aluminum-based composite material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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