CN117250651A - Planet element detection device based on pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector - Google Patents
Planet element detection device based on pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN117250651A CN117250651A CN202311465576.0A CN202311465576A CN117250651A CN 117250651 A CN117250651 A CN 117250651A CN 202311465576 A CN202311465576 A CN 202311465576A CN 117250651 A CN117250651 A CN 117250651A
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- NSRBDSZKIKAZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Te] NSRBDSZKIKAZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910004611 CdZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium tellanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd].[Te] QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
- G01T7/005—Details of radiation-measuring instruments calibration techniques
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- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planetary element detection device based on a pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector. The device comprises: the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used for detecting first gamma rays or second gamma rays emitted by the planet and generating a first electric pulse signal based on the first gamma rays or the second gamma rays; the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used for assisting the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector to detect the second gamma ray and eliminating the third gamma ray in the non-planetary incidence direction; the photoelectric converter is connected with the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal and is used for converting an optical signal generated by the second gamma ray or the third gamma ray on the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal into a second electric pulse signal; the signal acquisition processing circuit is connected with the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal so as to receive the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal, and obtains the detected planetary elements and the abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements after processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planetary element gamma ray analysis and detectors, in particular to a planetary element detection device based on a pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector.
Background
The spatial distribution of the planet surface elements plays a key role in understanding the origin evolution of the planet and the development and utilization of the planet resources, and gamma ray detection has the advantages of multiple detectable element types and the like.
The planetary gamma rays are generated by processes such as decay of natural radioactive elements, inelastic scattering of cosmic ray secondary neutrons, neutron capture and the like, and various excitation states exist for each element, so that spectral lines of each element can be densely distributed on an energy spectrum, and the detection range of a gamma spectrometer is required to be enough to cover a gamma ray detection interval, and the gamma spectrometer has good resolution for distinguishing the spectral lines of each element. The gamma spectrometer is used as a scientific load to be carried on a planetary circulator, a lander or a patrol device, and the problems of power consumption, volume, weight, reliability and the like also need to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, comprising: the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used for detecting first gamma rays or second gamma rays emitted by the planet and generating a first electric pulse signal based on the first gamma rays or the second gamma rays; the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used for assisting the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector to detect the second gamma ray and eliminating the third gamma ray in the non-planetary incidence direction in an anti-coincidence mode; the photoelectric converter is connected with the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal and is used for converting an optical signal generated by the second gamma ray or the third gamma ray on the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal into a second electric pulse signal; and the signal acquisition and processing circuit is connected with the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal so as to receive the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal, and processes the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal to obtain the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the shape of the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal includes a concave shape, and the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is in the concave shape, so that the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is wrapped by the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the conforming and anti-conforming crystal includes a BGO crystal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy of the first gamma ray is smaller than the energy of the second gamma ray.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector comprises a pixel type electrode, wherein the pixel type electrode is used for collecting charges generated after the first gamma ray or the second gamma ray acts with substances of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and generating a first electric pulse signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pixel type electrode is composed of a pixel type anode and a cathode, and the pixel type anode is composed of a plurality of square electrodes having the same size.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the charge comprises electrons and holes, and the first electrical pulse signal comprises an anodic electrical pulse signal and a cathodic electrical pulse signal; the pixel anode is used for collecting electrons and generating an anode electric pulse signal; the cathode is used for collecting holes and generating a cathodic electrical pulse signal.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the signal acquisition processing circuit comprises a first processing module, a second processing module, a third processing module, a fourth processing module and a fifth processing module, wherein the first electric pulse signal comprises an anodic electric pulse signal and a cathodic electric pulse signal; the first processing module is used for determining depth information of the action of the first gamma ray and the substance of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector based on the anode electric pulse signal and the cathode electric pulse signal; the second processing module is used for determining first position information of the action of the first gamma ray and the substance of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to the position of the charge collected by the pixel type electrode; the third processing module is used for determining second position information according to the first position information and the depth information so as to determine the incidence direction of the first gamma ray based on the second position information; the fourth processing module is used for determining electric pulse amplitude information according to the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal; and the fifth processing module is used for determining the detected planetary elements and the abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements based on the electric pulse amplitude information.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fifth processing module includes a first determining unit and a second determining unit; the first determining unit is used for determining gamma ray energy spectrum according to the electric pulse amplitude information; the second determining unit is used for determining the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements according to the gamma ray energy spectrum and the element reference energy spectrum.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector in a planetary lander, a patrol device and a surrounding device, respectively.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used as a main detector, the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used as an auxiliary detector, and the electric pulse signals of gamma rays can be collected to judge the types and the corresponding abundance characteristics of the planetary elements. Because the low-energy gamma rays can be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, the high-energy gamma rays cannot be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, and partial gamma rays which are not deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector are detected by taking the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal as an auxiliary detector, so that the energy resolution of the detection device for the gamma rays is high, and the detection energy range is wide. In addition, the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal can also reject gamma rays from a non-detection direction in an anti-coincidence way, so that the problem of deviation of detection results caused by gamma rays from the non-detection direction can be avoided. The planetary element detection device based on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small mass and small volume, and can work at room temperature.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the mechanism of action of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a view from the detection direction of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention.
101-pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector; 102-coincidence and anti-coincidence crystals; 103-photoelectric conversion; 104-a signal acquisition processing circuit; a-a first gamma ray; b-a second gamma ray; c-third gamma ray.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where expressions like at least one of "A, B and C, etc. are used, the expressions should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g.," a system having at least one of A, B and C "shall include, but not be limited to, a system having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
In the technical scheme of the invention, the related user information (including but not limited to user personal information, user image information, user equipment information, such as position information and the like) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data and the like) are information and data authorized by a user or fully authorized by all parties, and the related data are collected, stored, used, processed, transmitted, provided, invented, applied and the like, and all processed according to the related laws and regulations and standards of related countries and regions, necessary security measures are adopted, the public welfare is not violated, and corresponding operation inlets are provided for the user to select authorization or rejection.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the authorization or the consent of the user is obtained before the personal information of the user is obtained or acquired.
In the implementation process of the invention, the problems that the existing planetary element detection device is difficult to balance the resolution and the volume and weight of the device, the judgment capability of the gamma ray direction is lacking, the gamma rays in other directions cannot be removed, and the regional detection reliability is required to be improved are found. Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe, CZT) crystals have a larger forbidden bandwidth than other radiation detecting compound semiconductors, and thus have higher resistivity, less leakage current noise, and excellent performance at room temperature. Because of the higher average atomic number, the detector has stronger stopping power for hard X rays and gamma rays and higher detection efficiency. The tellurium-zinc-cadmium crystal has the advantages of being capable of working at room temperature, small in size, high in sensitivity and high in detection efficiency, has more balanced performance compared with other materials such as NaI scintillators and high-purity germanium, has higher resolution compared with the scintillators, and can work at room temperature without refrigeration equipment compared with the high-purity germanium, so that the tellurium-zinc-cadmium crystal has good development and application prospects in the field of space detection.
The embodiment of the invention provides a planetary element detection device based on a pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, which comprises: the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used for detecting first gamma rays or second gamma rays emitted by the planet and generating a first electric pulse signal based on the first gamma rays or the second gamma rays; the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used for assisting the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector to detect the second gamma ray and eliminating the third gamma ray in the non-planetary incidence direction in an anti-coincidence mode; the photoelectric converter is connected with the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal and is used for converting an optical signal generated by the second gamma ray or the third gamma ray on the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal into a second electric pulse signal; and the signal acquisition and processing circuit is connected with the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal so as to receive the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal, and processes the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal to obtain the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements.
A planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is schematically illustrated below. It should be noted that the examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an action mechanism of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector-based planetary element detection device 100 according to this embodiment may include a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, a coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, a photoelectric converter 103, and a signal acquisition processing circuit 104.
The photoelectric converter 103 is connected with the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, and the signal acquisition processing circuit 104 is connected with the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102. The pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 is used for detecting the first gamma ray or the second gamma ray emitted by the planet and generating a first electric pulse signal based on the first gamma ray or the second gamma ray. The coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 is used to assist the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector in detecting the second gamma ray and anti-coincidence reject the third gamma ray in the non-satellite incidence direction. The photoelectric converter 103 is configured to convert an optical signal generated by the second gamma ray or the third gamma ray on the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal into a second electric pulse signal. The signal acquisition processing circuit 104 receives the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal, and processes the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal to obtain the detected planetary element and the abundance characteristic corresponding to the planetary element.
According to embodiments of the present invention, elements of the planetary surface may be excited by cosmic ray effects to characteristic gamma rays. The pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 can absorb gamma rays, and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 can also absorb gamma rays. The lower energy gamma rays may be deposited entirely in the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, but the higher energy second gamma rays may not be deposited entirely in the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101. The coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 can assist the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 to detect the second gamma rays which are emitted by the planet and do not deposit all energy in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, so that the detection result is prevented from losing part of energy and causing deviation of the detection result. The coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 can also anti-coincidence reject the third gamma ray from the non-detection direction, so as to avoid deviation of the detection result caused by the fact that the pixel type tellurium zinc cadmium detector 101 detects the gamma ray from the non-detection direction. Wherein the detection direction is the incidence direction of gamma rays which are expected to be detected by a planetary element detection device based on a pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, and the non-detection direction is other than the detection direction.
According to embodiments of the present invention, elements on the satellite surface may be excited by cosmic rays to generate characteristic gamma rays, and the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 may also be used to detect gamma rays emitted by the satellite.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the action mechanism of the planetary element detection device based on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is shown in fig. 2, specifically, the first gamma ray A is a low-energy gamma ray injected in the detection direction; the second gamma ray B is a high-energy gamma ray which is emitted in the detection direction; the third gamma ray is a gamma ray incident in a non-detection direction. The first gamma ray a can be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 generating an electrical pulse signal and the photoelectric converter 103 not generating an electrical pulse signal. The second gamma ray B cannot be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, and can continuously hit the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, and the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 and the photoelectric converter 103 generate electric pulse signals. The third gamma ray C hits the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 without hitting the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101, the photoelectric converter 103 generates an electric pulse signal, and the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 does not generate an electric pulse signal. In addition, compton cones can be obtained according to the action positions and energy information of incident photons and scattered photons when Compton scattering occurs on the first gamma ray A or the second gamma ray B, and the directions of the first gamma ray A or the second gamma ray B can be obtained according to different Compton cone directions.
After the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 detects the first gamma ray a or the second gamma ray B, a first electric pulse signal is generated. The photoelectric converter 103 converts the energy deposited in the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, i.e., the optical signal, into a second electrical pulse signal. Therefore, in the case that the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 generates no signal and the photoelectric converter 103 generates a signal, it can be determined that the gamma ray does not pass through the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 and directly reaches the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, i.e. the gamma ray comes from the non-detection direction, and the gamma ray anti-coincidence is eliminated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal acquisition processing circuit 104 receives the first electrical pulse signal and the second electrical pulse signal. Under the condition that the first gamma ray A can be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, the energy of the first gamma ray A can be obtained through a first electric pulse signal; in the case that the second gamma ray B cannot be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, the energy of the second gamma ray B can be obtained through the summation of the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal.
It should be noted that, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 can provide good energy resolution under the room temperature working condition, and simultaneously gives three-dimensional position information of multiple action points.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the obtained energy of the first gamma ray A or the energy of the second gamma ray B are compared with the reference energy spectrum of each element, so that the planetary element can be determined, and the abundance characteristic corresponding to the planetary element can be determined through the electric pulse peak value of the first electric pulse signal or the second electric pulse signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used as a main detector, the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used as an auxiliary detector, and the electric pulse signals of gamma rays can be collected to judge the types and the corresponding abundance characteristics of the planetary elements. Because the low-energy gamma rays can be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, the high-energy gamma rays cannot be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, and partial gamma rays which are not deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector are detected by taking the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal as an auxiliary detector, so that the energy resolution of the detection device for the gamma rays is high, and the detection energy range is wide. In addition, the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal can also reject gamma rays from a non-detection direction in an anti-coincidence way, so that the problem of deviation of detection results caused by gamma rays from the non-detection direction can be avoided. The planetary element detection device based on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small mass and small volume, and can work at room temperature.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 includes a concave shape, and the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 is in the concave shape, such that the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 is surrounded by the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102 is arranged in a concave shape, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 is positioned in the concave shape, and the unwrapped side of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 faces the detection direction, so that gamma rays from the non-detection direction are injected into the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 can not generate an electric pulse signal, and gamma rays in the non-detection direction are removed in a non-signal-generation condition when the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 does not generate a signal and the photoelectric converter 103 generates a signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is wrapped by the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal, coincidence screening is carried out by using the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal, and only gamma rays incident in the detection direction are selected, so that gamma rays of an incidence instrument in a non-planetary direction can be removed, the space range of gamma ray detection is more accurate, and the detection of element types and abundance of planetary regionalization is higher in reliability.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the conforming and anti-conforming crystal includes a BGO crystal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, BGO (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ) The crystal is a scintillation crystal, is colorless and transparent, and when electrons, gamma rays or heavy charged particles with certain energy enter the BGO crystal, the BGO crystal emits blue-green fluorescence, and the energy and the position of the incident electrons, gamma rays and the like can be calculated by recording the intensity and the position of the fluorescence. In addition, the BGO crystal has the advantages of strong absorption capacity to gamma rays, high detection efficiency, good energy resolution and no deliquescence. The BGO crystal can therefore be used as a detector of energetic particles.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy of the first gamma ray is smaller than the energy of the second gamma ray.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, both the first gamma ray a and the second gamma ray B are gamma rays from the detection direction. The first gamma ray a is a gamma ray that can be fully deposited in a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector. The second gamma ray B is a gamma ray which cannot be completely deposited in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, and needs to conform to the information of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 which is assisted by the anti-conforming crystal 102 to calculate energy and the like. The energy of the first gamma ray a is thus smaller than the energy of the second gamma ray B.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the second gamma ray having a higher energy than the first gamma ray may also be deposited entirely in the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector with a small probability.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector comprises a pixel type electrode, wherein the pixel type electrode is used for collecting charges generated after the first gamma ray or the second gamma ray acts with substances of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and generating a first electric pulse signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the electrode is segmented into the pixel array to form the pixel electrode, so that charges can be ensured to float to the pixel electrode instead of falling in gaps among pixels, and the detection accuracy is improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first gamma ray a acts on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 to generate charges, and the charges are collected by the electrode of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 to generate a first electric pulse signal. The charge quantity generated by the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is proportional to the energy of the gamma rays, and the amplitude of the electric pulse signal is proportional to the charge quantity collected by the electrode, so that the energy of the gamma rays can be determined according to the amplitude of the electric pulse signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pixel type electrode is composed of a pixel type anode and a cathode, and the pixel type anode is composed of a plurality of square electrodes having the same size.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pixel type anode may be mounted on a side not wrapped by the conforming and anti-conforming crystal 102. The cathode may be installed at a side opposite to the pixel type anode.
Fig. 3 shows a view from the detection direction of a planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 is installed in the concave shape of the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal 102, and the surface of the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector 101 shown in fig. 3 may be a pixel-type anode, and the pixel-type anode is composed of a plurality of square electrodes with the same size.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the charge comprises electrons and holes, and the first electrical pulse signal comprises an anodic electrical pulse signal and a cathodic electrical pulse signal; the pixel anode is used for collecting electrons and generating an anode electric pulse signal; the cathode is used for collecting holes and generating a cathodic electrical pulse signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the charge may be regarded as a carrier. Holes will quickly be trapped by the cathode and electrons will continue to drift. According to the weighted potential characteristics of the pixel type anode, there is little change in the weighted potential when electrons start drifting toward the pixel type anode, and the pixel type anode signal rises rapidly when electrons approach the pixel type anode. According to the linear potential characteristic of the cathode, the cathode signal gradually rises in the process of drifting towards the pixel type anode.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the signal acquisition processing circuit comprises a first processing module, a second processing module, a third processing module, a fourth processing module and a fifth processing module, wherein the first electric pulse signal comprises an anodic electric pulse signal and a cathodic electric pulse signal; the first processing module is used for determining depth information of the action of the first gamma ray and the substance of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector based on the anode electric pulse signal and the cathode electric pulse signal; the second processing module is used for determining first position information of the action of the first gamma ray and the substance of the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector according to the position of the charge collected by the pixel type electrode; the third processing module is used for determining second position information according to the first position information and the depth information so as to determine the incidence direction of the first gamma ray based on the second position information; the fourth processing module is used for determining electric pulse amplitude information according to the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal; and the fifth processing module is used for determining the detected planetary elements and the abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements based on the electric pulse amplitude information.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the signal acquisition processing circuit can amplify, filter, convert analog to digital and the like the electric pulse signal, and then use the first processing module, the second processing module, the third processing module, the fourth processing module and the fifth processing module to carry out subsequent processing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the number of electrons collected by the pixel type anode is independent of the depth of action of the gamma rays, and the number of holes collected by the cathode is dependent on the depth of action. The amplitude ratio of the cathode pulse signal and the anode pulse signal can be used for determining the depth information of the gamma ray action.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second processing module determines two-dimensional position coordinate information of the first gamma ray and the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector acting in the electrode plane direction according to the position of the electric signal collected by the pixel electrode, and the two-dimensional position coordinate information is used as the first position information. When the gamma ray generates Compton scattering in the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, according to the action position information of the incident photon and the scattered photon, the direction of the incident photon is limited on a Compton cone taking the opposite direction of the emergent direction of the scattered photon as an axis and taking the Compton scattering angle as a half vertex angle, and the incident direction of the first gamma ray is determined, wherein the first position information is the incident position of the incident photon. Compton scattering angle can be calculated according to the deposition energy of the incident photon and the scattered photon, and the incident direction of gamma rays can be obtained by counting different Compton cone intersection points.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the third processing module can determine the three-dimensional position information of the first gamma ray acting in the pixel type tellurium zinc cadmium detector as the second position information according to the depth information and the first position information, wherein the first position information is two-dimensional position coordinate information.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fourth processing module can obtain the corresponding electric pulse amplitude information of the second gamma ray through the summation of the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the gamma rays generated by the planets are detected by adopting the planet element detection device based on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, so that the incidence direction and the action position of the gamma rays can be distinguished, and the space range of gamma ray detection is further more accurate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fifth processing module includes a first determining unit and a second determining unit; the first determining unit is used for determining gamma ray energy spectrum according to the electric pulse amplitude information; the second determining unit is used for determining the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements according to the gamma ray energy spectrum and the element reference energy spectrum.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second determining unit determines the category of the planetary element according to the gamma ray energy spectrum compared with the element reference energy spectrum. And determining abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements according to the peak values of the corresponding planetary elements.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the process of gamma ray screening and rejecting can be performed in the upper computer, the signal acquisition processing circuit can output the energy information, the triggering time information and the position information of the gamma rays to the upper computer, finally, the energy spectrum of the gamma rays is obtained by counting, and the detected element types and abundance characteristics are obtained.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device is applied to a planetary lander, a patrol and a surrounding device respectively.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the planetary element detection device based on the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector can be carried on a planetary lander, a patrol device or a surrounding device for use, and the distribution of planetary elements in different spatial ranges and the abundance of the planetary element distribution can be obtained.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the invention and/or in the claims may be combined in various combinations and/or combinations, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the invention. In particular, the features recited in the various embodiments of the invention and/or in the claims can be combined in various combinations and/or combinations without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of the invention.
The embodiments of the present invention are described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planetary element detection device based on a pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector, which is characterized by comprising:
the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is used for detecting first gamma rays or second gamma rays emitted by the planet and generating a first electric pulse signal based on the first gamma rays or the second gamma rays;
the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal is used for assisting the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector to detect the second gamma ray and eliminating the third gamma ray in the non-planetary incidence direction in an anti-coincidence mode;
a photoelectric converter connected with the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal for converting an optical signal generated by the second gamma ray or the third gamma ray on the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal into a second electric pulse signal;
and the signal acquisition processing circuit is connected with the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystal so as to receive the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal, and processes the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal to obtain detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shape of the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystals comprises a concave shape and the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is within the concave shape such that the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector is surrounded by the coincidence and anti-coincidence crystals.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conforming and anti-conforming crystal comprises a BGO crystal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy of the first gamma ray is less than the energy of the second gamma ray.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector comprises a pixel-type electrode for collecting charges generated upon the first gamma ray or the second gamma ray reacting with a substance of the pixel-type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector and generating the first electrical pulse signal.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the pixel-type electrode is comprised of a pixel-type anode and a cathode, the pixel-type anode being comprised of a plurality of square electrodes of the same size.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the charge comprises electrons and holes and the first electrical pulse signal comprises an anodic electrical pulse signal and a cathodic electrical pulse signal;
the pixel type anode is used for collecting the electrons and generating an anode electric pulse signal;
the cathode is used for collecting the holes and generating the cathode electric pulse signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the signal acquisition processing circuit comprises a first processing module, a second processing module, a third processing module, a fourth processing module, and a fifth processing module, the first electrical pulse signal comprising an anodic electrical pulse signal and a cathodic electrical pulse signal;
the first processing module is used for determining depth information of the substance action of the first gamma ray and the pixel type tellurium-zinc-cadmium detector based on the anode electric pulse signal and the cathode electric pulse signal;
the second processing module is used for determining first position information of the action of the first gamma ray and the substance of the pixel type tellurium zinc cadmium detector according to the position of the charge collected by the pixel type electrode;
the third processing module is used for determining second position information according to the first position information and the depth information so as to determine the incidence direction of the first gamma ray based on the second position information;
the fourth processing module is used for determining electric pulse amplitude information according to the first electric pulse signal and the second electric pulse signal;
the fifth processing module is used for determining the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements based on the electric pulse amplitude information.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the fifth processing module comprises a first determination unit and a second determination unit;
the first determining unit is used for determining gamma ray energy spectrum according to the electric pulse amplitude information;
the second determining unit is used for determining the detected planetary elements and abundance characteristics corresponding to the planetary elements according to the gamma ray energy spectrum and the element reference energy spectrum.
10. Use of a device according to any one of claims 1-9 in a planetary lander, a patrol and a surround, respectively.
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