CN117245140A - Method for machining workpiece - Google Patents
Method for machining workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117245140A CN117245140A CN202310689577.7A CN202310689577A CN117245140A CN 117245140 A CN117245140 A CN 117245140A CN 202310689577 A CN202310689577 A CN 202310689577A CN 117245140 A CN117245140 A CN 117245140A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spline
- workpiece
- broaching
- heat treatment
- machining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D39/00—Accessories for broaching machines or broaching devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D37/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A processing method of a workpiece reduces the processing cost of a spline. The method for processing a workpiece (W) comprises: a pre-processing step (S1) in which a through hole (2) is provided in a workpiece (W), and a spline (3) is formed on the inner surface of the through hole (2); a heat treatment step (S2) for heat-treating a workpiece (W) on which the spline (3) is formed; and a finishing step (S3) for removing the deformed portion (D) of the spline (3) generated in the heat treatment step (S2) by using a broach tool (4) made of high-speed steel and having an obtuse rake angle (θ) of the cutting edge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of a workpiece.
Background
Patent document 1 discloses an inner surface broaching method for machining an involute spline gear on an inner surface of a workpiece by a broaching tool.
In the machining method disclosed in patent document 1, first, a broach tool is used to reserve a finishing allowance, and a workpiece involute spline tooth surface portion is subjected to a pre-machining. Then, the pre-machined workpiece is subjected to carburizing and quenching, and then, a finishing allowance for cutting the involute spline tooth surface portion by using a broach tool made of cemented carbide is performed.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-230937
Problems to be solved by the invention
A broach tool made of cemented carbide is used for cutting a material having high hardness such as a quenched workpiece. However, a broaching tool made of cemented carbide is very expensive compared to a broaching tool made of high-speed steel, and thus the product cost increases. Therefore, it is required to reduce the processing cost of the spline.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the processing cost of a spline.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of machining a workpiece, comprising: a pre-processing step of forming a hole in a workpiece and forming a spline on the inner surface of the hole; a heat treatment step of performing heat treatment on the workpiece on which the spline is formed; and a finishing step of removing the deformed portion of the spline generated in the heat treatment step by using a broach tool made of high-speed steel and having an obtuse rake angle of the cutting edge.
Effects of the invention
According to this aspect, since the deformed portion generated in the spline by the heat treatment step is removed, broaching can be performed by a broaching tool of high-speed steel, which is cheaper than a broaching tool made of cemented carbide. Thereby, the processing cost of the spline can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a workpiece according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of a processing method of a workpiece according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an external view of a broach tool used for broaching a workpiece according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a broach tool used for broaching a workpiece according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining a deformed portion generated in the workpiece after the heat treatment process according to the present embodiment.
Description of the reference numerals
1: main body
1a: a first main body part
1b: a second main body part
2: through hole
3: spline
4: broach tool
11: gear wheel
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a workpiece W in the axial direction of the present embodiment. The workpiece W in the present embodiment is, for example, a gear that constitutes power transmission of a speed reducer mounted on a vehicle.
As shown in fig. 1, the workpiece W has: a main body 1 having a gear 11 formed on the outer periphery thereof, a through hole 2 formed so as to penetrate the main body 1, and a spline 3 formed in the through hole 2. The workpiece W is formed of, for example, alloy steel for machine structural use (SCR 420H or the like).
A rotary shaft (not shown) that transmits an output from a motor that drives the vehicle is inserted into the through hole 2. A spline is provided at the front end of the rotation shaft, and is spline-coupled to the spline 3 formed in the through hole 2.
The gear 11 is a helical gear. A gear not shown is meshed with the gear 11. These gears constitute a reduction mechanism, and the rotation output from the motor is reduced by the reduction mechanism. The gear 11 is not limited to a helical gear, and may be any shape.
Next, a method of processing the workpiece W will be described with reference to fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the workpiece W is manufactured through a preprocessing step S1, a heat treatment step S2, a finishing step S3, and a cleaning step S4.
In the pre-processing step S1, mainly cutting processing (step S11), hole processing (step S12), and broach processing (step S13) are performed. Specifically, in the preprocessing step S1, first, in step S11, a metal material is cut to form the outer shape of the body 1 of the workpiece W. At this time, the spline 11 is also formed.
Next, in step S12, the body 1 is subjected to hole processing to form the through hole 2.
Then, in step S13, broaching is performed to form the spline 3. Specifically, a plurality of spline grooves 3a are formed in the inner surface of the through-hole 2 using a broaching tool 4 made of high-speed steel as shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the spline 3 is provided over a first body portion 1a and a second body portion 1b, the first body portion 1a forming a gear 11 on the outer periphery of the body 1, and the second body portion 1b having a thinner wall thickness than the first body portion 1 a.
In the present embodiment, in step S13, the spline 3 is machined to a final finish size. In other words, in the broaching in step S13 of the present embodiment, the spline shaft 3 is formed without providing a finishing allowance (the allowance machined in the finishing step S3).
After the pretreatment step S1 is completed, the process advances to a heat treatment step S2. In the heat treatment step S2, the workpiece W having the outer shape (body 1), the through hole 2, and the spline 3 formed in the pre-processing step S1 is heat-treated. Specific methods of the heat treatment include, for example, carburizing and quenching, and induction hardening.
After the heat treatment step S2 is completed, the process advances to a finishing step S3. The finishing step S3 mainly performs shot peening (step S31), hard turning (step S32), grinding (step S33), broaching (step S34), and gear grinding (step S35). Specifically, in the finishing step S3, first, shot peening is performed in step S31. Thereby, residual compressive stress is applied to the workpiece W, and fatigue strength is improved.
Next, in step S32, the workpiece W is hard turned at a portion other than the gear 11 and the spline 3.
Next, in step S33, grinding is performed. By this grinding, the portions of the workpiece W other than the gear 11 and the spline 3 are machined to final finished dimensions.
Next, in step S34, broaching is performed on the spline 3. In the broaching in step S34, the broaching tool 4 made of high-speed steel is used.
The broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34) in the present embodiment will be described in detail.
The workpiece W is subjected to heat treatment by the heat treatment step S2, and has a hardness higher than that before the heat treatment. Therefore, the workpiece W after such heat treatment is generally subjected to broaching (finishing of the spline 3) using a broaching tool made of cemented carbide. The cemented carbide referred to herein is an alloy obtained by sintering a powder of a hard metal such as tungsten carbide or titanium carbide mixed with a powder of a light iron metal such as cobalt alloy or nickel as a binder.
Such a cemented carbide broach tool is used for cutting a material having high hardness. However, a broaching tool made of cemented carbide is very expensive as compared with a broaching tool made of high-speed steel. Therefore, the product cost (processing cost of the spline 3) rises.
In the present embodiment, the broaching is performed using the high-speed steel broaching tool 4. In the present embodiment, in the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), in order to perform machining using the high-speed steel broaching tool 4, the spline 3 is machined to the final finishing size without providing a finishing allowance in the pre-machining step S1. In this way, in the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), only the deformed portion D (see fig. 5) generated in the spline 3 in the heat treatment step S2 may be machined.
Here, the deformed portion D will be described.
As described above, the spline 3 is formed throughout the first body portion 1a and the second body portion 1b having a thinner wall thickness than the first body portion 1 a. As shown in fig. 5, the deformation amount of the spline 3 formed in the second body portion 1b becomes larger than the deformation amount of the spline 3 formed in the first body portion 1a by the heat treatment in the heat treatment step S2. Therefore, the deformed portion D generated in the spline 3 by the heat treatment in the heat treatment step S2 has a tapered shape that is reduced in diameter from the first body portion 1a toward the second body portion 1 b.
Therefore, deformation of the part requiring the processing of step S34, in other words, the spline 3, which deviates from the tolerance of the finish dimension, mainly occurs in the portion formed in the second body portion 1 b. In the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), only the deformation occurring in such a portion is required to be machined, and thus the high-speed steel broaching tool 4 can be used for machining.
The height of the deformed portion D generated in the spline 3 by the heat treatment in the heat treatment step S2 is about several μm to several tens of μm. In the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), only a small amount of deformation is required to be cut, and thus the machining can be performed by a high-speed steel broaching tool.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the rake angle θ of the broaching tool 4 is an obtuse angle (for example, -15 degrees). By setting the rake angle θ to an obtuse angle in this way, the rigidity of the edge of the broach tool 4 can be improved. This can prevent the broaching tool 4 from being damaged.
In the broaching in step S34, since the high-speed steel broaching tool 4 is used, a normal broaching head can be used. The cutting speed in the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34) is set to be the same as the normal cutting speed of the broaching tool using high-speed steel, and specifically, is set appropriately in the range of about 1 to 14 m/min.
In this way, after the broaching in step S34 is completed, the process proceeds to step S35.
In step S35, the gear 11 is ground. The grinding process of gears is a common technique, and therefore, description thereof is omitted.
Finally, in step S4, the workpiece W is cleaned, and the processing of the workpiece W is ended.
As described above, in the method of machining the workpiece W according to the present embodiment, in the finishing step S3 (step S34), only the deformed portion D generated in the spline 3 by the heat treatment step S2 is removed, so that the high-speed steel broaching tool 4 can be used.
For example, in the preprocessing step S1, the finishing allowance is set to form the spline 3, and then the heat treatment is performed, and when finishing is performed, it is necessary to remove the finishing allowance set in advance on the spline 3 and the deformation amount caused by the heat treatment. In this case, in the finish machining, since the machining allowance of the spline 3 portion of the workpiece W after the solidification becomes large, the machining cannot be performed with the broach tool 4 of high-speed steel, and it is necessary to use a broach tool made of cemented carbide.
In contrast, in the method for machining the workpiece W according to the present embodiment, since the spline 3 is machined to the final finish size in the pre-machining step S1, only the deformed portion D (the amount of deviation from the finish size) of the spline 3 generated in the heat treatment step S2 may be machined in the finish machining step S3 (step S34). Therefore, in the finishing step S3 (step S34), the broaching process can be performed by using the high-speed steel broaching tool 4, which is cheaper than the cemented carbide broaching tool. Thereby, the processing cost of the spline 3 can be reduced.
Further, as the broaching disk used for the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), a broaching disk of the high-speed steel broaching tool used in step S13 can be used. Thus, there is no need to prepare a separate cutter head for using a tool bit made of cemented carbide. Therefore, the processing cost of the spline 3 can be reduced.
In the above embodiment, the spline 3 is finished to the final finished size without providing the finishing allowance in the pre-processing step S1, but for example, the spline 3 may be finished to a size that takes into consideration the deformation caused by the heat treatment step S2 in the pre-processing step S1. In this case, in step S34, the amount of the deformed portion D deviating from the tolerance of the finished dimension generated in the heat treatment step S2 becomes small. This can further reduce the amount of cutting in the broaching in the finishing step S3 (step S34), and thus can further extend the life of the broaching tool 4.
The structure, use, and effects of the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be collectively described.
(1) The method for processing the workpiece W comprises the following steps: a pre-processing step S1 of providing a through hole 2 (hole) in a work W and forming a spline 3 on the inner surface of the through hole 2 (hole); a heat treatment step S2 of heat-treating the workpiece W on which the spline 3 is formed; the finishing step S3 of removing the deformed portion D of the spline 3 generated in the heat treatment step S2 by using the broach tool 4 made of high-speed steel and having the rake angle θ of the cutting edge at an obtuse angle.
In this configuration, in the finishing step S3, the deformed portion D generated in the spline 3 by the heat treatment step S2 is removed, so that broaching can be performed by the high-speed steel broaching tool 4 which is cheaper than the cemented carbide broaching tool. Thereby, the processing cost of the spline 3 can be reduced.
In this configuration, the rake angle θ of the cutting edge of the broach tool 4 is an obtuse angle, so that the rigidity of the edge is improved and the durability of the broach tool 4 is improved. Thereby, the processing cost of the spline 3 can be reduced.
Further, although it is difficult to manufacture the insert holder 4 made of cemented carbide corresponding to a structure having a small aperture, it is relatively easy to manufacture the insert holder 4 made of high-speed steel corresponding to a structure having a small aperture. Therefore, by using the broaching tool 4 of high-speed steel, the degree of freedom in design of the spline 3 is improved.
(2) In the method of machining the workpiece W, in the preprocessing step S1, the spline 3 is machined to a final finish size.
According to this configuration, in the preprocessing step S1, the spline 3 is processed to the final finish size, and in the finish step S3, only the amount of deviation from the finish size of the spline 3 may be processed. This can reduce the load on the broaching tool 4.
(3) In the method of machining the workpiece W, the spline 3 is formed over the first body portion 1a having a predetermined wall thickness and the second body portion 1b having a wall thickness thinner than that of the first body portion 1a in the workpiece W. The deformation portion D is a tapered deformation portion that reduces in diameter from the first body portion 1a to the second body portion 1 b.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the above embodiments merely represent some examples of application of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations of the above embodiments.
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the workpiece W is a gear constituting the power transmission of the speed reducer mounted on the vehicle has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the processing method of the above-described embodiment is applicable to any application.
In the above embodiment, the case where the spline 3 is formed in the through hole 2 has been described as an example, but the spline 3 may be formed in a hole that is not through (a hole whose one end is blocked).
Claims (3)
1. A method of machining a workpiece, comprising:
a pre-processing step of forming a hole in the workpiece and forming a spline on the inner surface of the hole;
a heat treatment step of heat-treating the workpiece on which the spline is formed;
and a finishing step of removing the deformed portion of the spline generated in the heat treatment step by using a broach tool made of high-speed steel and having an obtuse rake angle of the cutting edge.
2. The method for machining a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein,
in the pre-machining process, the spline is machined to a final finished size.
3. A method for machining a workpiece as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the spline is formed over a first body portion having a predetermined wall thickness of the work and a second body portion having a wall thickness thinner than the first body portion,
the deformation portion is a tapered deformation portion that reduces in diameter from the first body portion to the second body portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022097057A JP2023183507A (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Machining method for work piece |
| JP2022-097057 | 2022-06-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117245140A true CN117245140A (en) | 2023-12-19 |
Family
ID=89133870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310689577.7A Pending CN117245140A (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2023-06-12 | Method for machining workpiece |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2023183507A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN117245140A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-06-16 JP JP2022097057A patent/JP2023183507A/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-06-12 CN CN202310689577.7A patent/CN117245140A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2023183507A (en) | 2023-12-28 |
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