CN117244910A - Recycling device, system and process for stripping and grinding back plate of photovoltaic module in batches - Google Patents
Recycling device, system and process for stripping and grinding back plate of photovoltaic module in batches Download PDFInfo
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- CN117244910A CN117244910A CN202311532156.XA CN202311532156A CN117244910A CN 117244910 A CN117244910 A CN 117244910A CN 202311532156 A CN202311532156 A CN 202311532156A CN 117244910 A CN117244910 A CN 117244910A
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- grinding
- glass
- photovoltaic module
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- stripping
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
- B09B2101/16—Batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Abstract
The invention discloses a recovery device, a recovery system and a recovery process for stripping and grinding a backboard of a photovoltaic module in a separated mode. On one hand, the invention combines the destressing and the preheating to eliminate partial stress, and finishes the glass stripping with high quality and no residue in the fractional stripping, thereby greatly reducing the mixing between silicon and silicon dioxide, reducing the post-treatment difficulty, and finally effectively improving the purity of the silicon to meet the recycling requirement; on the other hand, the back plate is removed by adopting wet grinding, so that the phenomena of environmental pollution, toxicity and the like caused by gasification of fluorine-containing components are avoided, the mixing caused by back plate residues is avoided, and the purity of the recovered silicon is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a recycling device for stripping and grinding a backboard of a photovoltaic module in a separated mode, a photovoltaic module recycling system and a photovoltaic module recycling process.
Background
The photovoltaic is a novel power generation system for directly converting solar radiation energy into electric energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of a solar cell semiconductor material, and has two modes of independent operation and grid-connected operation. The photovoltaic panel assembly is a power generation device capable of generating direct current when being exposed to sunlight, and comprises a thin solid photovoltaic cell almost entirely made of semiconductor materials (such as silicon), and particularly comprises a glass plate, an EVA adhesive layer, a cell piece, a back plate, a junction box, a frame and the like, wherein the materials above nine can be recycled, and the photovoltaic panel assembly has considerable recycling value and higher economic benefit, so that the photovoltaic assembly after reaching the service life needs to be recycled, the problem of shortage of raw materials of the photovoltaic device is relieved to a certain extent, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
However, in the above recovery process, the separation of the glass plate and the battery piece is usually achieved by adopting methods such as a chemical method, a heat treatment, a hot knife method, and physical high-pressure grinding under the condition that the glass plate is intact, however, once the glass plate is broken, the glass particles and the battery piece are mixed together, and the separation is difficult, for example, patent CN115770780a relates to a separation recovery method for silicon wafers in a waste photovoltaic module, which can recover the glass plate completely or in a broken manner, but the purity of the silicon of the finally formed recovery product cannot meet the requirement, wherein the main reason is that the silicon and the silicon dioxide are difficult to separate, so the following technical defects exist in the existing treatment process:
1. if the broken glass is directly stripped, the stripping difficulty coefficient is high, the stripping angle is changed due to deformation of the photovoltaic module, so that the stripping force is uneven, the stripping quality is poor, the glass residual rate is high, meanwhile, an independent glass breaking operation flow is required before stripping, and glass and battery piece mixing is generated during stripping, so that the later-stage separation difficulty is increased;
2. when the back sheet is removed by pyrolysis, it is known that the back sheet mainly comprises a PET base film, an outer fluorine film and an outer fluorine film formed on the front and rear surfaces of the PET base film by an adhesive, and the fluorine film generates fluorine gas during pyrolysis, which is not only toxic and causes environmental pollution, but also all residues after pyrolysis, silicon, glass, and the like are mixed together, and the silicon dioxide are hardly separated from each other, and therefore, the purity of the recovered silicon cannot be expected (generally about 90% but 99.99%).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing an improved recovery device for stripping and grinding a backboard of a photovoltaic module in a separated manner.
Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a photovoltaic module recovery system of the recovery device, and the invention also relates to a photovoltaic module recovery process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the recovery device comprises a primary stripping unit, a secondary stripping unit and a connection reversing unit, wherein the primary stripping unit can keep the broken photovoltaic module to be stripped by an upper hob roller under the same slope to break glass, the secondary stripping unit can keep the photovoltaic module to remove residual glass under the same angle, the connection reversing unit is used for reversing the front and the back of the photovoltaic module and connecting the primary stripping unit and the secondary stripping unit, and particularly, the recovery device also comprises a stripping pretreatment unit positioned at the front end of the primary stripping unit and a backboard removing unit in butt joint with the secondary stripping unit, the stripping pretreatment unit comprises a stress removing mechanism and a preheating mechanism, the stress removing mechanism is used for pressing and breaking or breaking upper glass, and the preheating mechanism softens the adhesive layer of the glass; the backboard removing unit comprises a transmission mechanism, a grinding mechanism positioned above the transmission mechanism and a cooling mechanism for supplying liquid to the grinding mechanism for wet grinding.
The grinding speed is fast and can reach 30-50 m/s, and the grinding mode can process soft material and has small grinding depth, so that the control of the removal depth from micron to millimeter is realized. These characteristics of grinding are suitable for removing the thin-layer backboard of the photovoltaic module, but the grinding temperature is higher and can reach more than 1000 ℃, and in order to avoid the problem of environmental pollution caused by gasification of fluorine-containing components of the backboard at high temperature, wet abrasive belt grinding is adopted for cooling treatment.
According to a specific and preferred aspect of the invention, the grinding mechanism comprises a multistage belt grinding assembly arranged in succession along the direction of conveyance of the conveying mechanism; or the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding wheel and a belt grinding assembly. At least two kinds of sand paper mesh are adopted by the belt grinding mechanism, and the sand paper mesh is sequentially increased along the transmission direction. According to the condition analysis, the lower the mesh number is, the stronger the grinding degree is, the faster the grinding speed is, but the grinding uniformity is poor; the higher the mesh number, the slower the grinding speed, but the higher the grinding precision. So that the back plate grinding needs sand paper with different mesh numbers to be matched for use.
In some embodiments, the belt grinding assembly or wheel has the same direction of grinding and direction of transport. This is more advantageous for transmission.
According to yet another specific and preferred aspect of the present invention, the transfer mechanism includes an endless belt assembly, and an inner support transfer roller located at the grinding site; and/or the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling pipe positioned above the annular transmission belt component, high-pressure nozzles and cooling liquid pressurizing liquid supply components, wherein the high-pressure nozzles are distributed on the cooling pipe at intervals along the length direction of the cooling pipe, the high-pressure nozzles are arranged downwards and obliquely towards the grinding position, and the component force of the sprayed water flow in the vertical direction forms downward positive pressure to press the battery piece interlayer on the annular transmission belt component, and meanwhile, the battery piece interlayer is ground and transmitted under the transmission of the annular transmission belt component.
Preferably, the cooling pipes and the high-pressure nozzles are symmetrically distributed on two sides of each inner support conveying roller. The opposite flushing is adopted to cool down, and component forces in the horizontal direction are mutually offset, so that the transmission of the battery piece interlayer is not affected.
According to still another specific implementation and preferred aspect of the present invention, the stress relief mechanism includes a lifting member and a crushing head on top, wherein the lifting member is capable of lifting and lowering the photovoltaic module up and down and crushing the upper glass layer under the vertical compression formed by the glass-conforming crushing head. The extrusion crushing is adopted to eliminate the stress of the glass in stripping, which is more beneficial to the falling of the glass, and further effectively improves the separation rate of silicon and silicon dioxide.
In some embodiments, the extrusion crushing heads are multiple and distributed in an array. Therefore, the formed crushing effect is good, the stress is uniform, and the stripping difficulty is reduced.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the preheating mechanism is 80-120 ℃, typically 90+ -2 ℃. The preheating temperature is used for destroying the stress of the adhesive film and the glass, so that the glass is easier to fall off.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a photovoltaic module recovery system, includes terminal box demolishs device, frame demolishs device, glass and backplate remove device, glued membrane and battery piece intermediate layer's processing apparatus that sets gradually, and wherein glass and backplate remove device be foretell recovery unit.
Preferably, the processing device for the interlayer of the adhesive film and the battery piece comprises a pyrolysis unit and a silver extraction unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit separates adhesive film grease, copper strips and broken battery pieces; the silver extraction unit separates silver and crushed silicon materials. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis unit comprises a pyrolysis furnace; the silver extraction unit adopts a chemical method to extract silver, wherein HF and HNO3 solution are adopted for treatment.
Or the processing device of the adhesive film and battery piece interlayer comprises a soaking unit and a silver extraction unit, wherein the soaking unit is used for soaking the adhesive film and battery piece interlayer by a chemical method so as to separate an adhesive film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces; the silver extraction unit separates silver and crushed silicon materials. In some embodiments, the soaking unit is used for soaking with alkali, and the silver extraction unit is used for extracting silver by a chemical method, wherein HF and HNO3 solution are used for treatment.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the recovery process of the photovoltaic module adopts the recovery system of the photovoltaic module, and comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning and drying, namely cleaning and drying the surface of the waste photovoltaic module; s2, removing the junction box and the frame, wherein the junction box and the frame are removed sequentially by adopting a junction box removing device and a frame removing device, and meanwhile, the silica gel is further separated; s3, stripping glass and removing a backboard, namely conveying the photovoltaic module from a glass plate upwards into a stress removing mechanism, extruding and cracking or crushing the glass, softening a glue layer of the glass through a preheating mechanism, conveying the glass into a primary stripping unit for re-crushing, stripping the surface of the glass by an upper hob roller under the same slope, reversing the glass, conveying the glass into a secondary stripping unit, removing residual glass under the same angle of the photovoltaic module by a shovel blade, and then removing the backboard by wet grinding to form a glue film and cell interlayer; s4, separating out a glue film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces, wherein a pyrolysis furnace is adopted to pyrolyze the glue film and battery piece interlayer or alkali is adopted to soak the glue film and battery piece interlayer so as to remove glue film grease and the copper strip; s5, separating silver and crushed silicon materials, extracting silver from the material treated in the S4 by a chemical method, and separating the crushed silicon materials.
Preferably, a two-stage belt grinding assembly for use in wet grinding, wherein the number of sandpaper selected for the two-stage belt grinding assembly varies incrementally; or, in the wet grinding, a combined mode of a grinding wheel and a sand belt grinding assembly is adopted, and the photovoltaic assembly passes through the grinding wheel and then passes through the sand belt grinding assembly. Avoiding the problem of environmental pollution caused by gasification of fluorine-containing components of the backboard at high temperature.
Preferably, the silver extraction treatment is performed in S5 using HF and HNO3 solutions.
Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the prior art, the glass of the photovoltaic module is peeled off and the back plate is removed, and then the peeling is directly carried out after crushing, so that the peeling difficulty coefficient is large, the peeling angle is changed due to the deformation of the photovoltaic module, the peeling strength is uneven, the peeling quality is poor, the glass residual rate is high, meanwhile, the mixing of glass and battery pieces is generated during peeling, the later separation difficulty is increased, then, the back plate is removed by pyrolysis, and the defects of environmental pollution, toxic gas leakage, silicon separation difficulty increase, silicon purity influence and the like caused by pyrolysis and gasification of fluorine-containing components of the back plate are overcome. After the recovery device is adopted, partial stress is eliminated through large-area crushing, then internal stress is further eliminated in preheating and softening, then front and back stripping is carried out at the same angle to finish separation of glass and battery pieces, and then a back plate is removed in wet grinding to finish removal of the back plate; on the other hand, the back plate is removed by adopting wet grinding, so that the phenomena of environmental pollution, toxicity and the like caused by gasification of fluorine-containing components are avoided, the mixing caused by back plate residues is avoided, and the purity of the recovered silicon is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a photovoltaic module recovery system of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the junction box removal device and the bezel removal device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the junction box removal device and the bezel removal device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the glass and backboard removal apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the primary stripping unit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the re-peeling apparatus of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the photovoltaic module recovery process of example 1;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the photovoltaic module recovery process of example 2;
wherein: i, a junction box dismantling device;
II, a frame dismantling device;
III, glass and backboard removing device; A. a primary stripping unit; B. a re-peeling unit; C. a connection reversing unit; D. a peeling pretreatment unit; 1. a stress relief mechanism; 10. a lifting member; 11. extruding the crushing head; 2. a preheating mechanism; 20. a heating furnace; 21. a heating roller; E. a back plate removing unit; 3. a transmission mechanism; 30. an endless drive belt assembly; 31. an inner support transfer roller; 4. a grinding mechanism; 40 41, an abrasive belt grinding assembly; 5. a cooling mechanism; 50. a cooling pipe; 51. a high pressure nozzle;
IV, a processing device for the interlayer of the adhesive film and the battery piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, so that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature "above" and "over" a second feature may be a first feature directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under," "under" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely under the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic module recycling system according to this embodiment includes a junction box removing device i, a frame removing device ii, a glass and backboard removing device iii, and a processing device iv for an adhesive film and a battery piece interlayer, which are sequentially arranged.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the terminal box removing device i and the frame removing device ii according to the present embodiment are as follows: CN202211099557.6, patent name: the frame and junction box integrated dismounting device and dismounting method of the photovoltaic module are characterized in that a junction box dismounting device I refers to a junction box dismounting station in CN202211099557.6, a frame dismounting device II refers to a frame dismounting station in CN202211099557.6, and the frame dismounting device is not expanded in detail and is clearly practicable.
Referring to fig. 4, a glass and back plate removing apparatus iii is mainly used for removing glass and back plate; the processing device IV of the adhesive film and the battery piece interlayer is mainly used for separating silicon, silver, copper and the adhesive film so as to complete recovery of crushed silicon materials meeting the requirement of purity.
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the glass and back sheet removing apparatus iii (recovery apparatus for separating and grinding back sheets of a photovoltaic module in steps) includes a primary separation unit a, a secondary separation unit B, a joining reversing unit C, a separation pretreatment unit D located at the front end of the primary separation unit a, and a back sheet removing unit E interfacing with the secondary separation unit B.
In some embodiments, the primary stripping unit a, the secondary stripping unit B, and the engagement reversing unit C specifically refer to: CN202310894070.5, patent name: the glass of the photovoltaic module is peeled off and removed in a divided mode, and the primary peeling device in CN202310894070.5 corresponds to a primary peeling unit A of the application; the re-stripping device in CN202310894070.5 corresponds to the engagement reversing device in the re-stripping unit B, CN202310894070.5 of the present application corresponds to the engagement reversing unit C of the present application, and here, the development is not repeated, and the implementation is also clear, that is, the primary stripping unit a can keep the broken photovoltaic module to be stripped by the upper hob roller under the same slope to break glass, the re-stripping unit B can keep the photovoltaic module to remove residual glass under the same angle, and the engagement reversing unit C is used for reversing the front and the back of the photovoltaic module and engaging between the primary stripping unit and the re-stripping unit.
Referring again to fig. 4, the stripping pretreatment unit D includes a stress removing mechanism 1 and a preheating mechanism 2, the stress removing mechanism 1 is used for pressing and cracking or breaking the upper glass, the preheating mechanism 2 softens the adhesive layer of the glass, the stress removing mechanism 1 includes a lifting component 10 and a pressing and breaking head 11 positioned at the top, wherein the lifting component 10 can lift the photovoltaic module up and down, and the upper glass is broken by pressing the glass in the up and down direction formed by the pressing and breaking heads 11, in some specific embodiments, the pressing and breaking heads 11 are multiple and distributed in an array, and the lower end part of each pressing and breaking head 11 gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom and is in a ball shape; the preheating mechanism 2 comprises a heating furnace 20 and heating rollers 21, wherein the heating rollers 21 are multiple and form a transmission channel, and the temperature formed in the heating furnace 20 is 80-120 ℃, generally 90+/-2 ℃.
The backboard removing unit E comprises a transmission mechanism 3, a grinding mechanism 4 positioned above the transmission mechanism 3 and a cooling mechanism 5 for supplying liquid to the grinding mechanism 4 for wet grinding, wherein the transmission mechanism 3 comprises an annular transmission belt assembly 30 and an inner support transmission roller 31 positioned at a grinding position, the grinding mechanism 4 adopts two-stage abrasive belt grinding assemblies 40 and 41, the number of sand paper selected by the two-stage abrasive belt grinding assemblies 40 and 41 is increased and changed (of course, a combined mode of a grinding wheel and an abrasive belt grinding assembly adopted in wet grinding can be adopted, and a photovoltaic assembly passes through the grinding wheel first and then passes through the abrasive belt grinding assembly). The cooling mechanism 5 comprises a cooling pipe 50 positioned above the endless belt assembly 30, high-pressure nozzles 51 and cooling liquid pressurizing liquid supply components which are distributed on the cooling pipe 50 at intervals along the length direction of the cooling pipe 50, wherein the high-pressure nozzles 51 are downwards and obliquely arranged towards the grinding position, and component force of the sprayed water flow in the vertical direction forms downward positive pressure to press the battery piece interlayer on the endless belt assembly 30 in a laminating way, and meanwhile, the battery piece interlayer is ground and transmitted under the transmission of the endless belt assembly 30. In this example, there are two (two grinding positions) inner support transfer rollers 31, and the cooling pipes 50 and the high-pressure nozzles 51 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of each inner support transfer roller 31. The opposite flushing is adopted to cool down, and component forces in the horizontal direction are mutually offset, so that the transmission of the battery piece interlayer is not affected.
Referring to fig. 9, the photovoltaic module recycling process of this embodiment includes the following steps: s1, cleaning and drying, namely cleaning and drying the surface of the waste photovoltaic module; s2, removing the junction box and the frame, wherein the junction box and the frame are removed sequentially by adopting a junction box removing device and a frame removing device, and meanwhile, the silica gel is further separated (see CN202211099557.6 for a specific process); s3, stripping glass and removing a backboard, namely conveying a photovoltaic module from a glass plate upwards into a stress removing mechanism, extruding and cracking or crushing glass, softening a glue layer of the glass through a preheating mechanism, conveying the glass into a primary stripping unit for re-crushing, stripping the surface of the glass by an upper hob roller under the same slope, reversing the glass, conveying the glass into a secondary stripping unit, removing residual glass under the same angle of the photovoltaic module by a shovel blade (see CN202310894070.5 in a specific process), and removing the backboard by wet grinding to form a glue film and battery piece interlayer, wherein the number of sand paper selected by the two-stage sand belt grinding module is increased and changed in a wet grinding mode, and then grinding and cooling are performed under downward counter-flushing formed by a high-pressure nozzle; s4, separating out a glue film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces, and pyrolyzing the glue film and a battery piece interlayer by adopting a pyrolysis furnace to remove glue film grease and the copper strip; s5, separating silver and crushed silicon materials, extracting silver from the material treated in the S4 by a chemical method (HF and HNO3 solution), and separating the crushed silicon materials.
The above process route is mainly aimed at a single glass assembly (or a single glass assembly), and when the single glass assembly (or the double glass assembly) is a double glass assembly, there is no back plate removing process, but a back side glass removing process is added, and meanwhile, the back side glass removing process is the same as the front side glass removing process.
Example 2
The photovoltaic module recovery system employed in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1, except that.
In this embodiment, during wet grinding, a combination mode of the grinding wheel and the abrasive belt grinding assembly is adopted, and the photovoltaic assembly passes through the grinding wheel and then passes through the abrasive belt grinding assembly. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 10, the implementation procedure of the present embodiment is as follows: s1, cleaning and drying, namely cleaning and drying the surface of the waste photovoltaic module; s2, removing the junction box and the frame, wherein the junction box and the frame are removed sequentially by adopting a junction box removing device and a frame removing device, and meanwhile, the silica gel is further separated (see CN202211099557.6 for a specific process); s3, stripping glass and removing a backboard, namely conveying a photovoltaic module from a glass plate upwards into a stress removing mechanism, extruding and pressing the glass to crack or break, then softening a glue layer of the glass through a preheating mechanism, conveying the glass into a primary stripping unit to break again, stripping the surface of the glass by an upper hob roller under the same slope, reversing the glass, conveying the glass into a secondary stripping unit, removing residual glass by a shovel blade under the same angle of the photovoltaic module (see CN202310894070.5 in a concrete process), and removing the backboard by wet grinding to form a glue film and battery piece interlayer, wherein the two-stage abrasive belt grinding assembly is adopted in the wet grinding, the number of sand paper selected by the two-stage abrasive belt grinding assembly is increased and changed, and then grinding and cooling are carried out under downward counter-flushing formed by a high-pressure nozzle; s4, separating out a glue film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces, and soaking the glue film and the battery piece interlayer by adopting alkali to remove glue film grease and the copper strip; s5, separating silver and crushed silicon materials, extracting silver from the material treated in the S4 by a chemical method (HF and HNO3 solution), and separating the crushed silicon materials.
Similarly, the process route of the present embodiment is mainly directed to a single glass assembly (or a single glass assembly), and when the single glass assembly (or the double glass assembly) is a double glass assembly, there is no back plate removing process, but a back glass removing process is added, and meanwhile, the back glass removing process is the same as the front glass removing process.
In summary, after the recovery system is adopted, the surface of the waste photovoltaic module is cleaned and dried, then the junction box and the frame are removed, the silica gel is further separated, and then partial stress is eliminated through large-area crushing, then the internal stress is further eliminated in the preheating and softening process, and then the peeling is carried out for two times at the same angle to finish the separation of the glass and the battery piece, then removing the backboard in wet grinding to finish backboard removal, so that the invention can fully automatically remove and recycle the photovoltaic module in turn, particularly in the glass and backboard removal process, part of stress is eliminated by combining destressing and preheating, and the glass stripping is completed with high quality and no residue in the fractional stripping, the mixing between silicon and silicon dioxide is greatly reduced, the post-treatment difficulty is also reduced, the purity of the silicon is finally and effectively improved to meet the recycling requirement, simultaneously, the back plate is removed by adopting wet grinding, positive pressure is formed by utilizing the sprayed water flow, the water flow is used for cooling, and after the water flow is opposite to the back plate, the component forces in the horizontal direction are mutually counteracted, the transmission of the battery piece interlayer is not affected, and then the phenomena of environmental pollution, toxicity and the like caused by gasification of fluorine-containing components can not be caused after the temperature is reduced, but also avoids the mixing caused by the backboard residues, further improves the purity of the recovered silicon, and in addition, after the process is implemented, not only the glue film grease, the copper strips, the silver and the crushed silicon materials are effectively separated and recycled, the purity of the silicon in the finally obtained crushed silicon material can reach 99.99%, so that the technical problem that the silicon and the silicon dioxide are difficult to separate is thoroughly solved, and the advantages of removing the junction box and the frame and stripping the glass are respectively shown in CN202211099557.6 and CN202310894070.5 and are not described in detail herein. The present invention has been described in detail with the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the same, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides a recovery unit that backplate was removed in photovoltaic module batch stripping and grinding, its includes first stripping unit, once more peels the unit, links up the switching-over unit, first stripping unit can keep broken photovoltaic module to peel off surface broken glass by the hobbing cutter roller of top under same slope, once more peels off the unit and can keep photovoltaic module to peel off residual glass under the same angle, link up the switching-over unit and be used for photovoltaic module positive and negative switching-over and link up between first stripping unit and the unit of once more peeling off its characterized in that: the recovery device also comprises a stripping pretreatment unit positioned at the front end of the primary stripping unit and a backboard removing unit in butt joint with the secondary stripping unit, wherein the stripping pretreatment unit comprises a stress relief mechanism and a preheating mechanism, the stress relief mechanism is used for pressing and cracking or breaking upper glass, and the preheating mechanism softens the adhesive layer of the glass; the backboard removing unit comprises a transmission mechanism, a grinding mechanism positioned above the transmission mechanism and a cooling mechanism for supplying liquid to the grinding mechanism for wet grinding.
2. The photovoltaic module split stripping and grinding back sheet recovery device of claim 1, wherein: the grinding mechanism comprises a multi-stage abrasive belt grinding assembly which is sequentially distributed along the transmission direction of the transmission mechanism; or the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding wheel and a belt grinding assembly, and the grinding direction of the belt grinding assembly or the grinding wheel is the same as the conveying direction.
3. The recycling device for stripping and grinding the back plate of the photovoltaic module in batches according to claim 2, characterized in that: the abrasive belt grinding assembly adopts at least two kinds of abrasive paper mesh, and the abrasive paper mesh increases along the transmission direction in proper order.
4. The photovoltaic module split stripping and grinding back sheet recovery device of claim 1, wherein: the conveying mechanism comprises an annular driving belt assembly and an inner support conveying roller positioned at the grinding position; and/or, the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling pipe positioned above the annular driving belt component, high-pressure nozzles and cooling liquid pressurizing liquid supply components, wherein the high-pressure nozzles and the cooling liquid pressurizing liquid supply components are distributed on the cooling pipe at intervals along the length direction of the cooling pipe, the high-pressure nozzles are downwards and obliquely arranged towards the grinding position, and component force of the sprayed water flow in the vertical direction forms downward positive pressure to press the battery piece interlayer on the annular driving belt component, and meanwhile, the battery piece interlayer is ground and transmitted under the transmission of the annular driving belt component.
5. The photovoltaic module split and grind back sheet recycling apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the cooling pipes and the high-pressure nozzles are symmetrically distributed on two sides of each inner support transmission roller.
6. The photovoltaic module split stripping and grinding back sheet recovery device of claim 1, wherein: the stress relieving mechanism comprises a lifting component and an extrusion crushing head positioned at the top, wherein the lifting component can lift the photovoltaic module up and down, and the upper layer glass is crushed by extrusion in the up-down direction formed by the glass attaching the extrusion crushing head; and/or the extrusion crushing heads are multiple and distributed in an array.
7. The photovoltaic module split stripping and grinding back sheet recovery device of claim 1, wherein: the temperature formed by the preheating mechanism is 80-120 ℃.
8. A photovoltaic module recovery system, characterized in that: the device comprises a junction box removing device, a frame removing device, a glass and backboard removing device and a processing device of an adhesive film and battery piece interlayer, which are sequentially arranged, wherein the glass and backboard removing device is a recycling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The photovoltaic module recovery system of claim 8, wherein: the processing device for the interlayer of the adhesive film and the battery piece comprises a pyrolysis unit and a silver extraction unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit separates adhesive film grease, copper strips and broken battery pieces; the silver extraction unit separates silver and crushed silicon materials.
10. The photovoltaic module recovery system of claim 9, wherein: the pyrolysis unit comprises a pyrolysis furnace; the silver extraction unit adopts a chemical method to extract silver, wherein HF and HNO3 solution are adopted for treatment.
11. The photovoltaic module recovery system of claim 8, wherein: the processing device of the adhesive film and battery piece interlayer comprises a soaking unit and a silver extraction unit, wherein the soaking unit is used for soaking the adhesive film and battery piece interlayer by a chemical method so as to separate an adhesive film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces; the silver extraction unit separates silver and crushed silicon materials.
12. The photovoltaic module recovery system of claim 11, wherein: the soaking unit is used for soaking by alkali, and the silver extracting unit is used for extracting silver by a chemical method, wherein HF and HNO3 solution are used for treatment.
13. A recovery process of a photovoltaic module is characterized in that: a photovoltaic module recovery system according to any one of claims 8 to 12, comprising the steps of: s1, cleaning and drying, namely cleaning and drying the surface of the waste photovoltaic module; s2, removing the junction box and the frame, wherein the junction box and the frame are removed sequentially by adopting a junction box removing device and a frame removing device, and meanwhile, the silica gel is further separated; s3, stripping glass and removing a backboard, namely conveying the photovoltaic module from a glass plate upwards into a stress removing mechanism, extruding and cracking or crushing the glass, softening a glue layer of the glass through a preheating mechanism, conveying the glass into a primary stripping unit for re-crushing, stripping the surface of the glass by an upper hob roller under the same slope, reversing the glass, conveying the glass into a secondary stripping unit, removing residual glass under the same angle of the photovoltaic module by a shovel blade, and then removing the backboard by wet grinding to form a glue film and cell interlayer; s4, separating out a glue film layer, a copper strip and broken battery pieces, wherein a pyrolysis furnace is adopted to pyrolyze the glue film and battery piece interlayer or alkali is adopted to soak the glue film and battery piece interlayer so as to remove glue film grease and the copper strip; s5, separating silver and crushed silicon materials, extracting silver from the material treated in the S4 by a chemical method, and separating the crushed silicon materials.
14. The recycling process of photovoltaic modules according to claim 13, characterized in that: a two-stage belt grinding assembly used in wet grinding, wherein the number of sand paper selected by the two-stage belt grinding assembly is increased and changed; or, in the wet grinding, a combined mode of a grinding wheel and a sand belt grinding assembly is adopted, and the photovoltaic assembly passes through the grinding wheel and then passes through the sand belt grinding assembly.
15. The recycling process of photovoltaic modules according to claim 13, characterized in that: in S5, HF and HNO3 solution are adopted for silver extraction treatment.
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