CN117239694A - Distance protection method for accessing superconducting current limiter into power grid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of power systems, in particular to a distance protection method for accessing a superconducting current limiter into a power grid. The technical scheme comprises the following processing steps: step one, confirming that a voltage transformer for distinguishing and extracting line voltage is arranged on a bus side or a line side of a superconducting current limiting reactor; step two, analyzing the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the distance protection of the line local end and the distance protection of the opposite end according to the step one respectively; step three, calculating measured impedance according to the improved measured impedance calculation formula, and judging whether the protection is possible to be on the basis of the data of the faults in the area; and step four, determining protection methods to improve setting and correspond to protection of each section. The invention separately discusses two conditions of the mutual inductor which is arranged at different positions of the superconducting current limiter, and realizes the deep analysis of the protection of the superconducting current limiter connected into the power grid, thereby providing the reaction state aiming at different conditions, reducing the burden of electric equipment such as a circuit breaker and the like, and improving the stability and the safety of the operation of a power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of power systems, in particular to a distance protection method for accessing a superconducting current limiter into a power grid.
Background
With the continuous access of renewable energy sources and the increasingly tight communication with a power grid, the possible short-circuit current in the power grid reaches a higher level, and great hidden trouble is brought to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The rapid increase of short-circuit current makes the current circuit breaker difficult to meet the requirement of reliable breaking, and the circuit breaker which does not meet the requirement of breaking capacity can be replaced only by being forced to ensure the safe and reliable operation of a power grid; however, a more economically viable approach to solve this problem is to study measures to limit short-circuit current, so as to alleviate the burden on various electrical equipment such as circuit breakers and to improve the safety and stability of the power system. The superconducting current limiter is one of effective measures for limiting the short-circuit current of the power grid, and can be divided into two types of quench type and non-quench type according to a current limiting working principle; the current limiting impedance characteristics can be classified into three types, namely resistive type, inductive type and hybrid type. The successful application of the superconducting current limiter can realize the rapid, stable and effective limitation of the fault short-circuit current of the power transmission line, and lays a foundation for solving the key technical problem of safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Because the superconducting current limiter limits short-circuit current by presenting impedance, the access of the superconducting current limiter can seriously affect a protection scheme which depends on short-circuit current or line impedance setting in a distribution network, and even the original protection is disabled; therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the power grid protection, and research the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the power grid distance and the protection method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the background art and provides a research and protection method for the distance of a superconducting current limiter to a power grid.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a distance protection method for accessing a superconducting current limiter into a power grid comprises the following processing steps:
step one, confirming that a voltage transformer for distinguishing and extracting line voltage is arranged on a bus side or a line side of a superconducting current limiting reactor;
step two, analyzing the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the distance protection of the line local end and the distance protection of the opposite end according to the step one respectively;
step three, calculating measured impedance according to the improved measured impedance calculation formula, and judging whether the protection is possible to be on the basis of the data of the faults in the area;
and step four, determining protection methods to improve setting and correspond to protection of each section.
Optionally, the step one distance protection voltage transformer is installed on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, and the protection range of the distance protection of the line where the superconducting current limiter is located includes the superconducting current limiter, and then the following three-point conclusion is judged: firstly, the distance protection of the line local end is influenced by a superconducting current limiter, and the setting and matching of the distance protection sections need to be recalculated and considered; the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section I from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter, and the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section II and the section III from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter; third, in the distance protection of the upper and lower lines, the sensitivity of the protection to faults of the current line and the adjacent line terminal bus should be checked again when the protection scope must include a superconducting current limiter.
Optionally, the step one distance protection voltage transformer is installed at the line side of the superconducting current limiter, and the protection range of the distance protection at the line end where the superconducting current limiter is located does not include the superconducting current limiter, so that a different conclusion is obtained on the basis of the conclusion two and the conclusion three: the distance protection of the line end is not affected by the superconducting current limiter, and the setting and matching of the distance I section, the distance II section and the distance III section are completely consistent with the condition without the superconducting current limiter.
Optionally, the protection method in the first aspect is aimed at protecting the inter-phase distance of the power grid by accessing the superconducting current limiter;
the interphase short circuit aimed at by the interphase distance protection comprises four fault scenes, namely a three-phase short circuit, a three-phase grounding short circuit, a two-phase short circuit and a two-phase grounding short circuit;
when a three-phase short circuit or a three-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconductive current limiter is connected, the three-phase short circuit fault and the three-phase grounding short circuit fault can be unified into a condition because of no zero sequence component in the three-phase symmetry, the distance between a short circuit point and a protection mounting point is set as l, and the unit positive sequence impedance Z of the circuit is set 1 The impedance of the superconducting current limiter is Z SFCL ；
The measured impedance improvement calculation formula of the phase-to-phase distance protection during the three-phase short circuit or the three-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the distance protection measured impedance is equal to the sum of the impedance from the short-circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance when the three-phase short circuit and the three-phase grounding short circuit are in fault; if the superconducting current limiter exits from running for a set distance for protection, refusing the protection;
when a two-phase short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, the measured impedance improvement calculation formula of phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase short circuit is as follows:
when the superconducting current limiter is connected to the power grid and a two-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs, the measured impedance improvement calculation formula of phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
optionally, the second aspect of the protection method is aimed at protecting the grounding distance of the power grid by accessing the superconducting current limiter;
when a single-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, a zero-sequence current compensation wiring mode is needed for correctly reflecting the distance from a short circuit point to a protection mounting point due to zero-sequence mutual inductance;
the original calculation formula of the measured impedance of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
therefore, the measured impedance of the traditional grounding distance protection is not the sum of the line impedance value from the fault point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance value, and the fault distance cannot be reflected correctly; it can also be seen that β is a variable;
the calculation formula of the measured impedance improvement of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the transformation can be carried out:
therefore, if the voltage and the current added into the impedance relay are the above-mentioned numerator and denominator variables respectively, the grounding distance protection measured impedance result is consistent with the phase-to-phase distance protection measured impedance, namely, the sum of the impedance from the short circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance is equal; i.e. the improved ground distance protection correctly reflects the fault distance.
Optionally, the superconducting current limiter only affects setting verification of the distance protection distance II section and the distance III section of the opposite end of the line, and does not affect the distance protection of the local end of the line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention divides the electric quantity of distance protection into two cases, namely, the voltage transformer for extracting the line voltage is arranged on the bus side of the superconducting current limiting reactor, and the voltage transformer for extracting the line voltage is arranged on the line side of the superconducting current limiting reactor; the two conditions are discussed separately, and the deep analysis of the protection of the superconducting current limiter connected to the power grid is realized, so that the reaction states aiming at different conditions are provided, the burden of electric equipment such as a circuit breaker is lightened, and the running stability and safety of a power system are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the location of a distance protection voltage transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a three-phase or three-phase ground short circuit fault occurring in a power grid after a superconducting current limiter is connected;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a two-phase short circuit fault of the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a two-phase ground short circuit fault occurring in a power grid after a superconducting current limiter is connected;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the current limiter on phase-to-phase distance protection according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a single-phase short circuit fault occurring in a power grid after the superconducting current limiter is accessed;
fig. 7 shows a flow chart of the protection method proposed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the distance protection method for accessing the superconducting current limiter into the power grid provided by the invention comprises the following processing steps: step one, confirming that a voltage transformer for distinguishing and extracting line voltage is arranged on a bus side or a line side of a superconducting current limiting reactor; step two, analyzing the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the distance protection of the line local end and the distance protection of the opposite end according to the step one respectively; step three, calculating measured impedance according to the improved measured impedance calculation formula, and judging whether the protection is possible to be on the basis of the data of the faults in the area; and step four, determining protection methods to improve setting and correspond to protection of each section.
The specific protection method is as follows: the electrical quantity of the distance protection is generally derived from the line voltage and current. There are two cases at this time: the first step is that a voltage transformer for extracting line voltage is arranged on the bus side of a superconducting current limiting reactor; the second is that the voltage transformer for extracting the line voltage is installed on the line side of the superconducting current limiting reactor, as shown in fig. 1, for drawing clarity, PT is the voltage transformer, CT is the current transformer, and SFCL is the superconducting current limiter. Obviously, the difference of the measuring positions of the voltage transformers of the distance protection of the line home end directly influences the protection range of the distance protection.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, the protection range of the distance protection of the line local end where the superconducting current limiter is positioned comprises the superconducting current limiter, and the following basic conclusion is obtained at the moment:
conclusion 1: the distance protection of the line local end is influenced by the superconducting current limiter, and the setting and matching of the distance protection sections need to be recalculated and considered.
Conclusion II: the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section I from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter, and the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section II and the section III from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter; in particular, it should be reconsidered whether the opposite-end distance protection has sufficient sensitivity to faults of the local-end bus.
Conclusion III: in the distance protection of the upper and lower lines, the sensitivity of the protection to faults of the current line and the bus at the tail end of the adjacent line should be checked again in all the protection ranges including the superconducting current limiter.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is installed at the line side of the superconducting current limiter, the protection range of the distance protection at the line end where the superconducting current limiter is located does not contain the superconducting current limiter, and compared with the former case, the difference is that:
the distance protection of the line end is not affected by the superconducting current limiter, and the setting and matching of the distance I section, the distance II section and the distance III section are completely consistent with the condition without the superconducting current limiter. It should be noted that the second and third conclusions described in the former case are still true.
The following discussion is directed to each of the two cases:
if the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, the protection range of the distance protection of the line local end where the superconducting current limiter is positioned comprises the superconducting current limiter; for a new principle technical scheme of line local distance protection, a principle analysis method is provided for the influence of superconducting current limiter access on power grid phase distance protection in the first aspect.
The interphase short circuit aimed at by the interphase distance protection comprises four fault scenes, namely three-phase short circuit, three-phase grounding short circuit, two-phase short circuit and two-phase grounding short circuit.
When a three-phase or three-phase grounding short-circuit fault occurs to the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, the three-phase short-circuit fault and the three-phase grounding short-circuit fault can be unified into one condition because the three phases are symmetrical and have no zero sequence component, as shown in fig. 2. Let the distance between the short-circuit point and the protection mounting point be l, the unit positive sequence impedance Z of the circuit 1 The impedance of the superconducting current limiter is Z SFCL 。
The measured impedance improvement calculation formula of the phase-to-phase distance protection during the three-phase short circuit or the three-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the distance protection measured impedance is equal to the sum of the impedance from the short-circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance when three-phase faults occur; if the superconducting current limiter exits the operation for a set distance, protection can be refused.
Similarly, when a two-phase short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, the method is shown in fig. 3; the calculation formula of the measured impedance improvement of the phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase short circuit is as follows:
similarly, when the superconducting current limiter is connected, and the power grid has a two-phase grounding short circuit fault, as shown in fig. 4; the measured impedance improvement calculation formula of the phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
in summary, the measured impedance of phase-to-phase distance protection in the event of a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault is the impedance Z from the point of failure to the protection installation 1 l and superconducting current limiter impedance Z SFCL And the improved phase-to-phase distance protection can correctly reflect the fault distance. Drawing the original action characteristic of distance protection and the measured impedance after the superconducting current limiter is connected, as shown in figure 5; it can be obtained that the measured impedance is changed from Zall1 to Zall2 after the superconducting current limiter is added, namely, whether the inter-phase distance protection can reject the fault in the zone after the superconducting current limiter is added.
The novel principle of protecting and setting the inter-phase distance protection of the access line of the superconducting current limiter is as follows:
setting the interval protection distance I section according to the condition that the superconducting current limiter is not connected, namely, the interval protection distance I section is consistent with the setting principle of the original interval protection I section; the protection range of the distance I section can be ensured not to be overrun and malfunction.
Setting the phase-to-phase distance protection distance II section with enough sensitivity for terminal faults under the condition that the superconducting current limiter is connected; the full length of the line can be protected by the distance II section, but the matching relation between the distance II section and the distance protection of the adjacent line must be checked, or the upper and lower level matching is directly ensured by adopting time fixed value.
The setting principle of the distance III section is similar to that of the distance II section.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, for the novel principle technical scheme of the distance protection of the local end of the line, the second aspect provides a principle analysis method aiming at the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the grounding distance protection of the power grid.
When a single-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, as shown in fig. 6; because of zero sequence mutual inductance, a zero sequence current compensation wiring mode is needed for correctly reflecting the distance from the short circuit point to the protection installation point.
The original calculation formula of the measured impedance of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the measured impedance of the traditional grounding distance protection is not the sum of the line impedance value from the fault point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance value, and the fault distance cannot be reflected correctly; beta is also seen as a variation.
The calculation formula of the measured impedance improvement of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the transformation can be carried out:
if the voltage and the current added into the impedance relay are the above-mentioned numerator and denominator variables respectively, the grounding distance protection measured impedance result is consistent with the phase-to-phase distance protection measured impedance, namely, the sum of the impedance from the short circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance is equal; i.e. the improved ground distance protection can correctly reflect the fault distance.
The original grounding distance protection cannot be directly applied to a line accessed by the superconducting current limiter, so that a new protection setting principle is required to be put forward for the inter-phase distance protection of the line accessed by the superconducting current limiter; the same phase distance protection of the setting principle is consistent.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, the novel principle technical scheme of the distance protection of the opposite ends of the line is that the influence analysis method aiming at interphase short circuit and grounding short circuit is consistent with the novel principle of protection setting and distance protection of the local ends of the line.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the line side of the superconducting current limiter, the protection range of the distance protection of the line local end where the superconducting current limiter is arranged does not contain the superconducting current limiter, and the superconducting current limiter only has influence on the setting verification of the distance protection distance II section and the distance III section of the opposite end of the line, so that the distance protection of the line local end is not influenced.
If the distance protection voltage transformer is arranged on the line side of the superconducting current limiter, the novel principle technical scheme of the distance protection of the line opposite ends is that an influence analysis method aiming at interphase short circuit and grounding short circuit is consistent with the novel principle of protection setting and distance protection of the line opposite ends.
The above-described embodiments are merely a few alternative embodiments of the present invention, and many alternative modifications and combinations of the above-described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the related teachings of the above-described embodiments.
Claims (6)
1. The distance protection method for the superconducting current limiter to be connected into the power grid is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:
step one, confirming that a voltage transformer for distinguishing and extracting line voltage is arranged on a bus side or a line side of a superconducting current limiting reactor;
step two, analyzing the influence of the superconducting current limiter access on the distance protection of the line local end and the distance protection of the opposite end according to the step one respectively;
step three, calculating measured impedance according to the improved measured impedance calculation formula, and judging whether the protection is possible to be on the basis of the data of the faults in the area;
and step four, determining protection methods to improve setting and correspond to protection of each section.
2. The method for protecting the distance of the superconducting current limiter connected to the power grid according to claim 1, wherein the step one is characterized in that a distance protecting voltage transformer is installed on the bus side of the superconducting current limiter, the protecting range of the distance protection of the line local end where the superconducting current limiter is located comprises the superconducting current limiter, and three results are obtained through judgment: firstly, the distance protection of the line local end is influenced by a superconducting current limiter, and the setting and matching of the distance protection sections need to be recalculated and considered; the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section I from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter, and the distance between the opposite ends of the line protects the section II and the section III from being influenced by the superconducting current limiter; third, in the distance protection of the upper and lower lines, the protection range must include a superconducting current limiter, and the sensitivity of the protection to faults of the current line and the adjacent line terminal bus should be checked again.
3. The method for protecting the distance of the superconducting current limiter to the power grid according to claim 2, wherein the first distance protecting voltage transformer is installed on the line side of the superconducting current limiter, so that the protecting range of the distance protection of the line local end where the superconducting current limiter is located does not contain the superconducting current limiter, and the second and third distinguishing results obtain different conclusions: the distance protection of the line end is not affected by the superconducting current limiter, and the setting and the matching of the distance I section, the distance II section and the distance III section are consistent with the condition without the superconducting current limiter.
4. A distance protection method for a superconducting current limiter access to a power grid according to claim 2, wherein the protection method in a first aspect is for a superconducting current limiter access to power grid inter-distance protection;
the interphase short circuit aimed at by the interphase distance protection comprises four fault scenes, namely a three-phase short circuit, a three-phase grounding short circuit, a two-phase short circuit and a two-phase grounding short circuit;
when a three-phase short circuit or a three-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, the three-phase short circuit fault and the three-phase grounding short circuit fault are the conditions, the distance between a short circuit point and a protection mounting point is l, and the unit positive sequence impedance Z of a circuit is set 1 The impedance of the superconducting current limiter is Z SFCL ；
The measured impedance improvement calculation formula of the phase-to-phase distance protection during the three-phase short circuit or the three-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
obtaining the distance protection measured impedance equal to the sum of the impedance from the short-circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance when the three-phase short circuit and the three-phase grounding short circuit are failed; if the superconducting current limiter exits from running for a set distance for protection, refusing the protection;
when a two-phase short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is connected, the measured impedance improvement calculation formula of phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase short circuit is as follows:
when the superconducting current limiter is connected to the power grid and a two-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs, the measured impedance improvement calculation formula of phase-to-phase distance protection during the two-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
5. a distance protection method for a superconducting current limiter access to a power grid according to claim 2, wherein the second aspect of the protection method is for a superconducting current limiter access to power grid ground distance protection;
when a single-phase grounding short circuit fault occurs in the power grid after the superconducting current limiter is accessed, adopting a zero-sequence current compensation wiring mode;
the original calculation formula of the measured impedance of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
therefore, the measured impedance of the traditional grounding distance protection is not the sum of the line impedance value from the fault point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance value, and the fault distance cannot be reflected correctly; it can also be known that β is the amount of change;
the calculation formula of the measured impedance improvement of the original grounding distance protection during single-phase grounding short circuit is as follows:
the transformation is carried out to obtain:
the voltage and the current added into the impedance relay are the above-mentioned numerator and denominator variables respectively, so that the grounding distance protection measured impedance result is consistent with the phase-to-phase distance protection measured impedance, namely, the sum of the impedance from the short circuit point to the protection installation point and the superconducting current limiter impedance is equal; i.e. the improved ground distance protection correctly reflects the fault distance.
6. A distance protection method for accessing a superconducting current limiter into a power grid according to claim 3, wherein the superconducting current limiter only affects the setting verification of the distance protection distance II section and the distance III section of the opposite end of the line, and does not affect the distance protection of the local end of the line.
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