CN117237549A - Fine speed modeling method for high-steep complex-structure reverse mask region - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure, and relates to the technical field of oil gas development and exploration. According to the invention, the seismic profile is subjected to fine contrast interpretation based on the synthetic seismic record in the logging data of the reference well in the target area; for the overlapped and masked area, taking the speed of a reference well in the overlapped and masked area as the layer speed, performing smooth control, and selecting a geological interface with larger speed difference as a speed control layer; selecting as many speed control layers as possible for the reverse mask area; and establishing a speed model according to the speed plan and the speed control layer. The invention ensures that the speed is in the overlapped area of the large-scale reverse-hidden fault, can be perfectly matched with the structure trend, and meanwhile, the transition of the speed is as smooth as possible, thereby avoiding the distortion of the underground structure form caused by excessive overlapped parts, ensuring that the height relationship between the main body structure and the hidden structure is reasonable, and accurately reflecting the trapping scale and the embedding depth of the hidden structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas development and exploration, in particular to a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure.
Background
The conventional speed model building method is to take one speed control point at intervals of 50-150 CDPs (common-depth-points), and the point taking principle is generally to construct a top, two wings and a well point. The speed model established by the method is not completely consistent with the structure, and the change rule of the underground speed cannot be reflected in detail because of relatively few control points, and the requirement of accurately predicting the target depth of layer is not met.
The establishment of the velocity model in the high-steep complex construction region plays a decisive role in accurately restoring the construction morphology. However, in the region where the inverse mask is severe, conventional modeling methods, such as time-depth pair method, superimposed velocity spectrum method, layer velocity method, etc., may ignore some important formation information and are not suitable.
The time depth pair method and the superposition velocity spectrum method have little description on stratum information, and are only applicable to relatively gentle structures. The conventional layer velocity method generally uses a smoothed seismic horizon (the velocity of the conventional method is transverse velocity, if the velocity is not smooth, distortion of time-depth conversion is caused), so that the overlapped mask part of the reverse fault is ignored, and the method is applicable to the condition of small fault distance and small overlapped mask part. However, for large reverse mask layers (more overlap), building a velocity model in this way can lead to structural distortion.
In actual production activities, a plurality of latent structures favorable for oil gas accumulation are mostly positioned on the broken bottom of the reverse-buried fault, so the invention provides a fine speed modeling method for a reverse-buried region with a high steep complex structure to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure, and the invention aims to provide a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure, which ensures that the speed is matched with the structure trend in a superimposed mask region of a large reverse mask layer, and meanwhile, the transition of the speed is as smooth as possible, so that the distortion of the underground structure form caused by excessive superimposed mask parts is avoided, the height relation between a main structure and a hidden structure is reasonable, and the trapping scale and the buried depth of the hidden structure are accurately reflected.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A fine speed modeling method for a high-steep complex-structure reverse mask region comprises the following steps:
s1, a data collection step, namely acquiring horizontal superposition seismic data, pre-stack time migration seismic data, drilling data and logging data of a target area, and acquiring superposition velocity spectrums used in superposition data processing;
s2, a fine contrast interpretation step of the horizon takes well positions which have complete logging information in the target area and can comprehensively reflect the speed change trend of the target area as reference wells; based on synthetic seismic records in logging data of a reference well in a target area, performing fine comparison explanation on the seismic profile, and referencing the positions of high and low points and break points of the horizontal stacking profile to ensure that the high and low points, break points and wave groups of the horizontal stacking profile correspond to the pre-stack time migration profile one by one;
s3, a speed plan is compiled, coordinates of each CDP point are obtained from pre-stack time migration seismic data, and the speed of each CDP point is ensured; for each coordinate filling speed, in the filling process, the seismic back calculation speed of a reference well of a target area is used as a primary reference item, and a layer speed is obtained through conversion of a generalized DIX formula by using a superposition speed spectrum between the reference wells and is subjected to smooth control; for the overlapped and masked area, taking the speed of a reference well in the overlapped and masked area as the layer speed and carrying out smooth control;
s4, selecting a longitudinal speed control layer, namely selecting the speed control layer according to the stratum layer explained in the S2, and selecting a geological interface with larger speed difference as the speed control layer; for the reverse mask region, selecting as many speed control layers as possible under the condition that the layers are relatively reliable; smoothing the selected speed control layer;
and S5, a speed model building step, namely filling the speed plan obtained in the S3 into the speed control layer obtained in the S4 according to one-to-one correspondence of coordinates, and building a speed model.
Further, in the step S2, the fine comparison interpretation of the seismic section specifically means that the geological horizon is accurately calibrated to the well-passing seismic section through the comparison of the synthetic seismic synthetic record and the well-passing seismic section; and comparing the backbone profile, combining the horizontal superposition profile, determining a geological interpretation scheme, carrying out deep analysis and research on the structural expansion pattern according to the waveform characteristics, the wave group relation, the amplitude characteristics, the time difference between reflection layers and the reflection characteristics of various address phenomena of the reflection layer, combining the drilling data, accurately distinguishing various reflection waves, accurately identifying the characteristics of the anticline wave group and the syncline wave group, determining the height relation of the earth-belly structure, and carrying out reasonable geological interpretation on each reflection wave of the three-dimensional seismic data by adopting strong phase contrast, wave group relation contrast and the similarity of adjacent profiles.
Further, in the step S2, the fine contrast interpretation of the seismic section includes the production and calibration of the synthetic seismic record, the geological capped and the recovery of the drilling geological section.
Furthermore, the synthetic seismic record making and calibrating specifically means that well positions with long well logging sections, good seismic data quality and complete target layers are mainly analyzed, and corresponding reflection layers on the seismic section are comprehensively calibrated according to regional lithology and seismic wave group characteristics.
Furthermore, by loading actual drilling well deviation data to an earthquake work area, extracting an earthquake section along an actual drilling track from a three-dimensional data body, extracting an earthquake section along the actual drilling track from the three-dimensional data body, and calibrating an earthquake reflection horizon corresponding to the earthquake section of the well track in a synthetic record so as to enable wave group relations and wave characteristics to be in one-to-one correspondence; multi-well closure calibration was performed using single well and Lian Jing profiles.
Furthermore, the geological stratification is further known by accurately tracking and comparing the reflection of the target layer on the three-dimensional data in multiple directions and multiple connecting lines.
Furthermore, the geological capped concrete means that the ground address outcrop section is matched with the seismic section according to the same scale, so that the ground actual construction condition is matched with the underground construction address interpretation so as to guide the comparison interpretation of the seismic section.
Furthermore, the recovery of the geological profile of the well drilling specifically means that the well logging, the earthquake, the geology and the static and dynamic data information of the well drilling are utilized in the interpretation process, and the interactive analysis and the related analysis means are adopted for comprehensive geological analysis so as to determine the interpretation scheme of the structural mode and the seismic profile and guide the interpretation work of the data.
In the step S4, the smoothing control means that the speed variation between adjacent CDP points is controlled within 1%.
The step S2 is processed through GeoEast, landmark software; the steps S3, S4 and S5 are processed by GeoEast software.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects brought by the invention are as follows:
the time depth pair method and the superposition velocity spectrum method have little description on stratum information, and are only applicable to relatively gentle structures. The conventional layer velocity method is generally smooth when a velocity interface is selected, so that the overlapped part of the reverse fault is omitted, the method is marginally applicable under the conditions of small fault interval and small overlapped part, but for large reverse fault (more overlapped part), the method can lead to structural distortion when a velocity model is built. According to the method, when a speed interface is selected, stratum information is fully utilized, the situation that the interface can be perfectly matched with the structure trend in a superimposed area of a large-scale reverse-masked fault is guaranteed, meanwhile, the transition of speed is as smooth as possible, distortion of the underground structure form caused by excessive superimposed parts is avoided, the height relation between a main structure and a hidden structure is reasonable, and the trapping scale and the embedding depth of the hidden structure are accurately reflected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a fine contrast interpretation of horizons;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a velocity;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a speed control layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the embodiment discloses a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a data collection step, namely acquiring horizontal superposition seismic data, pre-stack time migration seismic data, drilling data and logging data of a target area, and acquiring superposition velocity spectrums used in superposition data processing;
s2, a fine contrast interpretation step of the horizon takes well positions which have complete logging information in the target area and can comprehensively reflect the speed change trend of the target area as reference wells; based on synthetic seismic records in logging data of a reference well in a target area, performing fine comparison explanation on the seismic profile, and referencing the positions of high and low points and break points of the horizontal stacking profile to ensure that the high and low points, break points and wave groups of the horizontal stacking profile correspond to the pre-stack time migration profile one by one;
s3, a speed plan is compiled, coordinates of each CDP point are obtained from pre-stack time migration seismic data, and the speed of each CDP point is ensured; for each coordinate filling speed, in the filling process, the seismic back calculation speed of a reference well of a target area is used as a primary reference item, and a layer speed is obtained through conversion of a generalized DIX formula by using a superposition speed spectrum between the reference wells and is subjected to smooth control; for the overlapped and masked area, taking the speed of a reference well in the overlapped and masked area as the layer speed and carrying out smooth control;
s4, selecting a longitudinal speed control layer, namely selecting the speed control layer according to the stratum layer explained in the S2, and selecting a geological interface with larger speed difference as the speed control layer; for the reverse mask region, selecting as many speed control layers as possible under the condition that the layers are relatively reliable; smoothing the selected speed control layer;
and S5, a speed model building step, namely filling the speed plan obtained in the S3 into the speed control layer obtained in the S4 according to one-to-one correspondence of coordinates, and building a speed model.
Example 2
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment is a method for implementing the step S2 in the above embodiment 1, and the detailed comparison explanation of the seismic profile specifically means that the geologic horizon is accurately calibrated on the through-well seismic profile by comparing the synthetic seismic synthetic record with the through-well seismic profile; and comparing the backbone profile, combining the horizontal superposition profile, determining a geological interpretation scheme, carrying out deep analysis and research on the structural expansion pattern according to the waveform characteristics, the wave group relation, the amplitude characteristics, the time difference between reflection layers and the reflection characteristics of various address phenomena of the reflection layer, combining the drilling data, accurately distinguishing various reflection waves, accurately identifying the characteristics of the anticline wave group and the syncline wave group, determining the height relation of the earth-belly structure, and carrying out reasonable geological interpretation on each reflection wave of the three-dimensional seismic data by adopting strong phase contrast, wave group relation contrast and the similarity of adjacent profiles.
Example 3
As yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, this embodiment is an implementation of step S2 in embodiment 1 above, where the fine contrast interpretation of the seismic profile includes the making and calibration of synthetic seismic records, geological capping, and recovery of the borehole geologic profile.
The synthetic seismic record making and calibrating specifically refers to the important analysis of well positions with long well logging sections, good seismic data quality and complete target layers, and the comprehensive calibration of corresponding reflection layers on a seismic section according to regional lithology and seismic wave group characteristics.
The geological capped specifically refers to matching the ground address outcrop section with the seismic section according to the same scale, so that the ground actual construction condition is matched with the underground construction address interpretation, and the contrast interpretation of the seismic section is guided.
The recovery of the geological section of the well drilling specifically means that logging, earthquake, geology and static and dynamic data information of the well drilling are utilized in the interpretation process, and interactive analysis and related analysis means are adopted for comprehensive geological analysis so as to determine the interpretation scheme of the structural mode and the seismic section and guide the interpretation work of the data.
Example 4
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is an implementation manner of making and calibrating the synthetic seismic record in the above embodiment 3, by loading actual drilling well deviation data into a seismic work area, extracting a seismic section along an actual drilling track from a three-dimensional data volume, calibrating a seismic reflection horizon corresponding to the synthetic record and the well track seismic section, and making a wave group relationship and a wave characteristic correspond one to one; multi-well closure calibration was performed using single well and Lian Jing profiles. Accurate tracking and comparison of target layer reflection on multi-direction and multi-connecting well lines of three-dimensional data are realized, and geological stratification is further known.
Example 5
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 3 of the specification, the present embodiment discloses a fine speed modeling method for a reverse mask region with a high steep complex structure, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a data collection step, namely acquiring horizontal superposition seismic data, pre-stack time migration seismic data, drilling data and logging data of a target area, and acquiring superposition velocity spectrums used in superposition data processing.
S2, a fine contrast interpretation step of the horizon, as shown in FIG. 1, is processed by GeoEast, landmark software; specifically, taking a well position which has complete logging information in a target area and can comprehensively reflect the speed change trend of the target area as a reference well; based on synthetic seismic records in logging data of a reference well in a target area, performing fine comparison explanation on the seismic profile, and referencing the positions of high and low points and break points of the horizontal stacking profile to ensure that the high and low points, break points and wave groups of the horizontal stacking profile correspond to the pre-stack time migration profile one by one; in particular, for the reverse mask region, the positions of high and low points and break points of the horizontal superimposed section are required to be referred to in detail as far as possible, so that the high and low points, break points and wave groups of the horizontal superimposed section are ensured to correspond to the pre-stack time offset section one by one.
S3, a step of compiling a velocity plan, namely, as shown in FIG. 2, processing by GeoEast software, specifically, obtaining coordinates of each CDP point from pre-stack time migration seismic data, and ensuring that each CDP point has a velocity; for each coordinate filling speed, in the filling process, the seismic back calculation speed of a reference well of a target area is used as a reference item, and a layer speed is obtained through conversion of a generalized DIX formula by using a superposition speed spectrum between the reference wells and is subjected to smooth control; for the overlapped and masked area, the value is taken as far as possible according to the speed of the reference well, namely the speed of the reference well in the overlapped and masked area is used as the layer speed and smooth control is carried out, and obvious abrupt change is avoided;
s4, selecting a longitudinal speed control layer, wherein the longitudinal speed control layer is processed through GeoEast software, and the longitudinal speed control layer is used for solving the problem of the consistency degree of a model and an actual structure. Selecting a speed control layer according to the stratum layer interpreted in the step S2, and selecting a geological interface with larger speed difference as the speed control layer; for the reverse mask region, selecting as many speed control layers as possible under the condition that the layers are relatively reliable so as to improve the richness of the model information; and smoothing the selected speed control layer to ensure that the overlay mask structure mode can be reflected well, and meanwhile, the overlay mask structure mode is not excessively severely distorted. The smooth control means that the speed change between adjacent CDP points is controlled within 1 percent; the example takes 9 layers of speed control layers in total, namely a datum plane, a whisker bottom, a femto bottom, an upper two-fold system bottom, a lower two-fold system bottom, an upper ao bottom, a washing pool bottom, a high table bottom, a lamp bottom and a lamp bottom.
And S5, a speed model building step, namely filling the speed plan obtained in the S3 into the speed control layer obtained in the S4 according to one-to-one correspondence of coordinates, and building a speed model. The step is processed by GeoEast software, specifically, takes a speed plane diagram of the step S3 and a speed control layer of the step S4 as inputs, and outputs as a speed model.
Claims (10)
1. A fine speed modeling method for a high-steep complex-structure reverse mask region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, a data collection step, namely acquiring horizontal superposition seismic data, pre-stack time migration seismic data, drilling data and logging data of a target area, and acquiring superposition velocity spectrums used in superposition data processing;
s2, a fine contrast interpretation step of the horizon takes well positions which have complete logging information in the target area and can comprehensively reflect the speed change trend of the target area as reference wells; based on synthetic seismic records in logging data of a reference well in a target area, performing fine comparison explanation on the seismic profile, and referencing the positions of high and low points and break points of the horizontal stacking profile to ensure that the high and low points, break points and wave groups of the horizontal stacking profile correspond to the pre-stack time migration profile one by one;
s3, a speed plan is compiled, coordinates of each CDP point are obtained from pre-stack time migration seismic data, and the speed of each CDP point is ensured; for each coordinate filling speed, in the filling process, the seismic back calculation speed of a reference well of a target area is used as a primary reference item, and a layer speed is obtained through conversion of a generalized DIX formula by using a superposition speed spectrum between the reference wells and is subjected to smooth control; for the overlapped and masked area, taking the speed of a reference well in the overlapped and masked area as the layer speed and carrying out smooth control;
s4, selecting a longitudinal speed control layer, namely selecting the speed control layer according to the stratum layer explained in the S2, and selecting a geological interface with larger speed difference as the speed control layer; for the reverse mask region, selecting as many speed control layers as possible under the condition that the layers are relatively reliable; smoothing the selected speed control layer;
and S5, a speed model building step, namely filling the speed plan obtained in the S3 into the speed control layer obtained in the S4 according to one-to-one correspondence of coordinates, and building a speed model.
2. The method for modeling the fine speed of the reverse mask region with the high steep complex structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the fine comparison explanation of the seismic section concretely means that the geological horizon is accurately calibrated on the well-passing seismic section through the comparison of the synthetic seismic synthetic record and the well-passing seismic section; and comparing the backbone profile, combining the horizontal superposition profile, determining a geological interpretation scheme, carrying out deep analysis and research on the structural expansion pattern according to the waveform characteristics, the wave group relation, the amplitude characteristics, the time difference between reflection layers and the reflection characteristics of various address phenomena of the reflection layer, combining the drilling data, accurately distinguishing various reflection waves, accurately identifying the characteristics of the anticline wave group and the syncline wave group, determining the height relation of the earth-belly structure, and carrying out reasonable geological interpretation on each reflection wave of the three-dimensional seismic data by adopting strong phase contrast, wave group relation contrast and the similarity of adjacent profiles.
3. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step S2, the fine contrast interpretation of the seismic section comprises the production and calibration of a synthetic seismic record, geological capping and well drilling geological section recovery.
4. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to claim 3, wherein: the synthetic seismic record making and calibrating specifically refers to the important analysis of well positions with long well logging sections, good seismic data quality and complete target layers, and the comprehensive calibration of corresponding reflection layers on a seismic section according to regional lithology and seismic wave group characteristics.
5. The method for modeling the fine speed of the reverse mask region with the high steep complex structure according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of loading actual drilling well deviation data to an earthquake work area, extracting an earthquake section along an actual drilling track from a three-dimensional data body, extracting an earthquake section along the actual drilling track from the three-dimensional data body, calibrating an earthquake reflection layer corresponding to the earthquake section of the well track in a synthesized record, and enabling wave group relations and wave characteristics to correspond to each other one by one; multi-well closure calibration was performed using single well and Lian Jing profiles.
6. The method for modeling the fine speed of the reverse mask region with the high steep complex structure according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: accurate tracking and comparison of target layer reflection on multi-direction and multi-connecting well lines of three-dimensional data are realized, and geological stratification is further known.
7. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to claim 3, wherein: the geological capped specifically refers to matching the ground address outcrop section with the seismic section according to the same scale, so that the ground actual construction condition is matched with the underground construction address interpretation, and the contrast interpretation of the seismic section is guided.
8. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to claim 3, wherein: the recovery of the geological section of the well drilling specifically means that logging, earthquake, geology and static and dynamic data information of the well drilling are utilized in the interpretation process, and interactive analysis and related analysis means are adopted for comprehensive geological analysis so as to determine the interpretation scheme of the structural mode and the seismic section and guide the interpretation work of the data.
9. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to any one of claims 1-2 or 4-8, wherein: in the step S4, the smoothing control means that the speed variation between adjacent CDP points is controlled within 1%.
10. A method for modeling fine speed of a high steep complex structured reverse mask region according to any one of claims 1-2 or 4-8, wherein: the step S2 is processed through GeoEast, landmark software; the steps S3, S4 and S5 are processed by GeoEast software.
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