CN117233415A - Method and device for monitoring flow velocity of dam opening of barrier lake - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring flow velocity of dam opening of barrier lake Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring the flow rate of a breach of a barrier lake, wherein flexible steel ropes are arranged at intervals of 2m in the vertical height within the range from the bottom of a barrier body to 10-15m above the height of the top of the barrier body in the flow rate test section of the breach, electronic elastometer is arranged on the flexible steel ropes at intervals of 4m, the electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor and an electronic elastometer data processor, one end of the electronic elastometer sensor is fixed on the flexible steel ropes, and the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor is connected with hollow iron balls filled with water; the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors are connected in series through a wire, and the tail end of the wire is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor; when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the flow speed of the overturned water flow continuously changes, the hollow water injection iron ball is dragged along with the overturned water flow, the electronic elastometer sensor is continuously dragged, and the water flow dragging force borne by the hollow water injection iron ball is read through the electronic elastometer data processor; determining the flow speed of water flow through the water flow dragging force received by the hollow water injection iron ball; the invention can realize the real-time monitoring of the flow velocity of the dam opening of the barrier lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emergency disposal of barrier lakes, in particular to a method and a device for monitoring the flow velocity of a breach of a barrier lake.
Background
As a major frequent natural disaster in the mountain gorge valley area, the barrier lake is extremely easy to accumulate a large amount of flood in a short time to cause the barrier body to overtake and break, and forms a breaking flood peak in the range of hundreds of kilometers along the downstream coast, thereby seriously threatening the life and property safety of people. The burst process of the barrier lake is complex and changeable: the non-constant overtopping water flow is non-linearly and transversely widened and longitudinally cut down to draw out the erosion dammed body, so that the dammed body presents obvious non-constant collapse change from top to bottom, particularly, the depth and width of the dammed body are continuously and dynamically changed, the overall shape of the breach is a typical horn mouth shape, hydraulic parameters such as the flow speed, the water level and the breaking flow of the water flow of the breach generally present obvious non-constant change characteristics, and the breaking flood peak generally reaches tens of thousands of leakage flows within the range of hundreds of meters of overflow width, the accumulated energy is extremely high, and the damage capability is extremely strong.
The high-risk barrier lakes such as Tang Gudong and Yigong on duration almost cause destructive damage in the range of hundreds of kilometers along the downstream coast, and the real-time monitoring of the water flow velocity of the dam opening is a key factor for calculating the burst flood peak, so that the method can help to track the burst flood peak in real time and assist in downstream risk avoidance transfer.
The dam body breach is continuously and dynamically widened transversely and longitudinally cut downwards, the flow speed and the flow rate of the flood peak water flow are also obvious non-constant, and besides, the flood peak water flow is wrapped with a large amount of sediment, so that the surface layer, the middle layer and the bottom layer of the flood peak water flow are obviously layered. The method is influenced by complex breaking development process of the barrier lake and severe environment on site, and no good technical means can measure the breaking flow rate of the barrier lake in real time at present. The traditional contact type flow velocity meters such as propellers, ADV and the like are difficult to fix in burst flood due to complex dangerous environments such as continuous collapse and deformation of a dam and lake breach, so that the traditional contact type flow velocity meters basically have no applicability; the traditional non-contact laser flow velocity meter has the defects that the sand carrying concentration of the overtopping water flow of the barrier lake is high, the sand concentration differences of the surface layer, the middle layer and the bottom layer of the overtopping water flow are obvious, and laser deflection is caused, so that the overtopping water flow is difficult to penetrate. In addition, some scientific researchers measure the flow rate of the burst water flow by using a float tracing method, but the float can only measure the flow rate of the surface water flow, and basically has no method for the flow rates of the middle layer water flow and the bottom layer water flow, so that a method and a device for monitoring the flow rate of the burst opening of the barrier body in real time on the emergency disposal site of the barrier lake with complex environmental hazards are needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for monitoring the flow rate of a dam opening of a dam, which are used for solving the problem that the flow rate of the dam opening of a dam body is difficult to monitor in real time on an emergency disposal site of the dam of a dam with complex environmental hazards.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for monitoring the flow rate of a dam opening of a barrier lake comprises the following steps:
step one: measuring the top elevation of the damming body in the field of the damming lake, and selecting the section of the upstream side of the damming body, which is 20-50m away from the dam top of the damming body, as a breach flow rate monitoring section;
step two: the method comprises the steps that a first flexible steel rope is arranged at intervals of 2m in the vertical height within the range from the bottom of a damming body to 10-15m above the top of the damming body in a breach flow rate test section, and two ends of the first flexible steel rope are respectively fixed on two-bank mountain slopes;
step three: arranging electronic elastometers along each first flexible steel rope at intervals of 4m from one end of each mountain slope on two sides, wherein each electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor, a wire and an electronic elastometer data processor, one end of each electronic elastometer sensor is fixed on each first flexible steel rope, and the other end of each electronic elastometer sensor is connected with a hollow iron ball filled with water through a second flexible steel rope;
step four: connecting a plurality of electronic elastometer sensors which are arranged on a first flexible steel rope at intervals in series through a wire, wherein the tail end of the wire is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor which is arranged on one side of a mountain slope;
step five: when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the overturned water flow drags the iron ball, and the water flow drag force T born by the hollow iron ball is read through the electronic elastometer data processor.
Step six: and determining the flow velocity V of the water flow at the breach of the barrier lake by the water flow drag force T received by the hollow iron ball.
Further, the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors on each first flexible steel rope are connected in series by adopting a wire, each first flexible steel rope is matched with a wire for use, and the tail ends of the plurality of wires are connected with the same electronic elastometer data processor.
Further, the method for determining the relation between the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake and the water flow drag force T of the filled water hollow iron ball comprises the following steps:
step one: arranging a water tank on the upstream side of a water tank, and arranging a gate in the water tank;
step two: a first flexible steel rope is used on the downstream side of the gate to traverse the water tank, two ends of the first flexible steel rope are respectively fixed on guide walls on two sides of the water tank, an electronic elastometer is arranged in the middle of the first flexible steel rope and comprises an electronic elastometer sensor, a wire and an electronic elastometer data processor, one end of the electronic elastometer sensor is connected with a full water hollow iron ball through a second flexible steel rope, and the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor is fixed in the middle of the first flexible steel rope;
step three: the electronic elastometer sensor is connected along the first flexible steel rope through a lead, the other end of the lead is connected with the electronic elastometer data processor, and the electronic elastometer data processor is arranged outside the guide wall of the water tank;
step five: a flow velocity meter is arranged at one side of an electronic elastometer sensor along a first flexible steel rope;
step six: opening the water tank and the gate to drain, measuring the flow velocity V of the downstream side water flow of the gate by a flow velocity meter, adjusting the drainage quantity of the water tank and the opening degree of the gate, gradually increasing the flow velocity of the water flow at the lower edge of the gate, taking 0.5m/s as gradient, and recording different flow velocities V and corresponding electronsThe flow drag force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball recorded by the elastometer utilizes a plurality of groups of actually measured gate downstream side flow velocity V and actually measured flow drag force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball to draw a functional relation between the gate downstream side flow velocity V and the flow drag force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball, namely V=f (T) =AT 3 +BT 2 +CT+D, A, B, C, D are constants, respectively, wherein A, B, C, D is a specific value of flow rate-drag force measured by using 30 groups of indoor experiments, and a ternary once equation of flow rate with respect to drag force is fitted, so as to obtain a value A, B, C, D in the constants.
Further, the calculating method of the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake in the step six is as follows: substituting the T value obtained in the step six into a formula V=f (T) to obtain the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake.
The device for realizing the method for monitoring the flow rate of the breach of the barrier lake comprises a plurality of first flexible steel ropes, wherein the first flexible steel ropes are arranged side by side at intervals of 2m in vertical height, and two ends of each first flexible steel rope are fixed on mountain slopes on two sides of the barrier lake; a plurality of electronic stretch meters are arranged on each first flexible steel rope at intervals, and each electronic stretch meter comprises an electronic stretch meter sensor, a wire and an electronic stretch meter data processor; one end of the electronic elastic device sensor is fixed on the first flexible steel rope, the other end of the electronic elastic device sensor is connected with one end of the second flexible steel rope, and the other end of the second flexible steel rope is connected with an iron ball filled with water; the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors arranged on the first flexible steel rope at intervals are connected in series through wires, and the tail ends of the wires are connected with electronic elastometer data processors which are arranged on one side of the mountain slope; when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the iron ball is dragged by overturned water flow, and the water flow dragging force T borne by the iron ball is read through the electronic elastometer data processor; substituting the T value into a formula V=f (T) to obtain the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the flexible steel rope, the electronic elastometer and the iron ball are arranged at the dam opening of the barrier lake, so that the functional relation between the overtopping water flow drag force born by the iron ball and the overtopping water flow velocity is established, and the flow velocity of the dam opening water flow of the barrier lake is calculated through the measured overtopping water flow drag force born by the iron ball.
2. The invention overcomes the defects that the traditional flow velocity testing equipment is difficult to be stably fixed on burst flood, high-concentration sand-carrying water flow deflection light and the like, and realizes the dynamic tracking of the burst flow velocity of the barrier lake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a damming body according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cross-section of the present invention for monitoring the flow rate of a crumple.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of the single flexible steel cord arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal view of the basin module of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic lateral view of a basin module according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the hollow water-injected iron ball of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is the top of the damming body; 2 is a downstream dam slope of the damming body; 3 is a dam slope upstream of the damming body; 4 is a monitoring section of the flow velocity of the crumple; 5 is a flow velocity measurement point; 6 is a first flexible steel cord; 7 is a mountain side slope on two sides; 8 is an expansion bolt; 9 is an electronic elastometer sensor; 10 is an iron ball; 11 is a second flexible steel cord; 12 is an electronic elastometer data processor; 13 is a wire, 14 is a water tank; 15 is a gate; 16 is a 5mm flexible steel rope arrangement point; 17 is a flow rate meter; and 18 is a water tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
As shown in fig. 1, the barrier lake comprises a downstream barrier slope 2 of a barrier body and an upstream barrier slope 3 of the barrier body, and the method for monitoring the flow rate of the breach of the barrier lake comprises the following steps:
step one: measuring the top elevation of the weir body in the field on the site of the weir lake, and removing solid floaters with the length of the weir lake reservoir area being more than 1 m; the height of the top of the damming body refers to the height of the top of the damming body relative to a selected sea level; the upstream side of the dam crest 1 of the damming body is selected to be about 20-50m as a breach flow rate monitoring section 4.
Step two: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, with the height of the top of the damming body as a boundary, a first flexible steel rope 6 is arranged at intervals of 2m heights from the bottom of the damming body to a height range of 10-15m above the top of the damming body in a breach flow velocity test section, and in order to prevent the first flexible steel rope 6 from falling off, two ends of the first flexible steel rope 6 are respectively fixed on mountain slopes 7 on two sides through expansion bolts 8 to form a cross-river channel transverse arrangement test net.
In FIG. 1, H is the height of the top of the damming body exceeding, and in the embodiment of the invention, the value of H is 10-15m; l is the horizontal distance between the monitoring section 4 of the flow velocity of the breach and the dam crest of the damming body, and the value of L is 20-50m in the specific embodiment of the invention.
H in FIG. 2 0 For each first flexible steel rope vertical height difference, H in the embodiment of the invention 0 The value is 2m; l (L) 1 For arranging the points 9 of adjacent electron spring force Ji Ganying devices at a transverse interval, in the embodiment of the invention, L 1 The value is 4m; an electronic spring force Ji Ganying is arranged at the flow rate measurement point 5.
Step three: as shown in fig. 3, an electronic elastometer is arranged at intervals of 4m along each first flexible steel rope 6 from one end of a mountain slope 7 on two sides, the electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor 9, a wire 13 and an electronic elastometer data processor 12, wherein one end of the electronic elastometer sensor 9 is fixed on the first flexible steel rope 6 through a hook or steel wire binding, the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor 9 is connected with a hollow iron ball 10 filled with water, which is 10cm in diameter and 1mm in thickness, through a second flexible steel rope 11 which is 5mm thick and 20cm long, the first flexible steel rope and the hollow iron ball are more in number, and each first flexible steel rope and the hollow iron ball 10 are numbered for being convenient for recording and observation so as to be distinguished.
Step four: in consideration of complex environments of a barrier lake site, a plurality of electronic elastometer sensors 9 which are arranged at intervals on a single first flexible steel rope 6 are connected in series along the first flexible steel rope 6 through a long enough lead 13, the other end of the lead 13 is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor 12, and in order to ensure the safety of data testers, the electronic elastometer data processor 12 is arranged at a mountain side safety position, so that the data testers can normally record the stress change of the electronic elastometer sensors 12; to prevent the wires 13 from being flushed away by the flood flow, the wires 13 are arranged along the first flexible steel cord 6 and the wires 13 are fixed to the first flexible steel cord 6 with a tie every 2 m.
Regarding the series connection of the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors 9 through the wires 13, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors 9 on each first flexible steel rope 6 are connected in series through the wires 13, the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors 9 on each first flexible steel rope 6 are connected in series through one wire 13, each first flexible steel rope 6 is matched with one wire 13 for use, and the ends of the plurality of wires 13 are connected with the same electronic elastometer data processor 12; for example, if ten first flexible steel ropes 6 are provided in total, and the plurality of electronic elastometer sensors 9 on each first flexible steel rope 6 are connected in series by using one wire 13, ten wires 13 are used in total, and the other ends of the ten wires 13 are connected to the same electronic elastometer data processor 12.
Step five: as shown in fig. 6, when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the overturned water flow drags the hollow iron balls 10 filled with water, the overturned water flow drag force born by the hollow iron balls 10 is always equal to the tensile force born by the electronic elastometer sensor 9, and the electronic elastometer data processor 12 is connected with the electronic elastometer sensor 9 through the lead 13, so that the water flow drag force T born by each iron ball 10 can be recorded through the electronic elastometer data processor 12; the electronic bolometer sensor is typically self-contained in frequency, and if the frequency of the electronic bolometer sensor is 50Hz, 50 sets of data can be monitored for 1 second.
Step six: the flow velocity V of the water flow at the dam opening of the barrier lake is determined by the water flow drag force T received by the iron ball 10.
In the invention, the relation between the water flow dragging force T received by the iron ball 10 and the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake is determined through the following steps:
step one: as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a water tank 18 with a length x width x depth of 20m x 1m is arranged in a laboratory, a water tank 14 is arranged on the upstream side of the water tank 18, the water tank 14 can be ensured to constantly and freely drain, a vertical gate 15 can be freely opened in the middle of the water tank 18, the gate 15 is a movable flat gate, and the flow velocity of water at the lower edge of the gate 15 can be ensured to reach 0-15 m/s.
Step two: as shown in fig. 5, at the position 5cm away from the bottom plate of the water tank at the downstream side of the vertical gate 15, a 5mm thick first flexible steel rope 6 is utilized to traverse the water tank 18, two ends of the first flexible steel rope 6 are respectively fixed on guide walls at two sides of the water tank 18 through expansion bolts 8, an electronic elastometer is arranged at the middle part of the first flexible steel rope 6, the electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor 9, a lead 13 and an electronic elastometer data processor 12, one end of the electronic elastometer sensor 9 is connected with a hollow iron ball 10 with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 1mm filled with water through a second flexible steel rope 11 with the thickness of 5mm thick and 20cm, and the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor 9 is fixed at the middle part of the first flexible steel rope 6 through a hook or a steel wire; the 5mm thick, 20cm long second flexible steel cord 11 is provided at the 5mm flexible steel cord placement point 16 in fig. 4.
Step three: in order to record tension changes of the electronic elastometer sensor 9, the electronic elastometer sensor 9 is connected along the first flexible steel rope 6 through a sufficiently long lead wire 13, the other end of the lead wire 13 is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor 12, and the electronic elastometer data processor 12 is arranged outside a guide wall of the water tank 18; to prevent the wires 13 from being flushed away by the flood flow, the wires 13 are arranged along the first flexible steel cord 6 and the wires 13 are fixed to the first flexible steel cord 6 with a tie every 2 m.
Step five: as shown in fig. 5, a flow rate meter 17 with a measuring range of 0-15 m/s is arranged in the water tank 18 along the position 30cm away from one side of the hollow iron ball 10 on the first flexible steel rope 6; the flow rate meter 17 may be a hand-held type or a fixed type, and the flow rate meter 17 may be attached to the first flexible steel cord 6.
Step six: opening the water tank 14 and the gate 15 to drain, measuring the flow velocity V of the water flow at the downstream side of the gate 15 by the flow velocity meter 17, adjusting the drainage amount of the water tank 14 and the opening of the gate 15, gradually increasing the flow velocity of the water flow at the lower edge of the gate 15, and recording the flow velocity V of the water flow measured by the flow velocity meter 17 and the hollow iron ball 10 recorded by the electronic elastometer in real time by taking the flow velocity 0.5m/s of the water flow at the lower edge of the gate 15 as the gradientThe flow drag force T is received, and the flow velocity V AT the downstream side of the gate 15 and the flow drag force T received by the hollow iron ball 10 are drawn out by utilizing a plurality of groups of the flow velocity V AT the downstream side of the actually measured gate 15 and the flow drag force T received by the actually measured hollow iron ball 10, so as to obtain V=f (T) =AT 3 +BT 2 +CT+D, A, B, C, D is a specific value of flow rate-drag force measured by 30 groups of indoor experiments, and a ternary once equation of flow rate with respect to drag force is fitted to obtain a value of A, B, C, D in the constant.
The method for calculating the flow rate of the dam opening of the barrier lake is specifically as follows:
and combining the functional relation V=f (T) of the water flow velocity V and the drag force born by the hollow iron balls 10, which is drawn by the water tank test, and calculating the flow velocity of the water flow of the cross section of the flow velocity test of the breach of the barrier lake according to the actual drag force T of the water flow born by each hollow iron ball on the barrier lake site through the electronic elastometer.
According to the method disclosed by the invention, the water flow drag force T born by the iron ball can be recorded in real time, so that the flow speed of the water flow of the cross section of the flow speed test of the dam opening of the barrier lake can be calculated in real time, and the real-time monitoring of the flow speed of the water flow of the cross section of the flow speed test of the dam opening of the barrier lake can be realized.
The technical scheme is based on the action principle of the flow velocity of the water flow at the breach of the barrier lake: as shown in fig. 6, the water-filled hollow iron ball 10 is subjected to gravity G, buoyancy F, a collapsing water flow dragging force T and an electronic elastometer pulling force N in a collapsing flood, wherein the gravity is vertically downward and the buoyancy is vertically upward. The thickness of the hollow iron ball is thinner, the gravity and buoyancy action of the hollow iron ball are ignored, the relation between acting force and reacting force of the gravity and buoyancy force of the water injection iron ball can be realized, namely the acting force and reacting force are equal in size and opposite in direction, so that the overtopping water flow dragging force T of the water injection iron ball and the pulling force N of the electronic elastometer are also in the relation between acting force and reacting force, namely the acting force and reacting force are equal in size and opposite in direction, and according to the principle of stress balance of the water injection iron ball, no matter how the water injection iron ball swings in overtopping water flow, the overtopping water flow dragging force T of the water injection iron ball can be recorded in real time by the electronic elastometer. The water flow drag force T born by the water injection iron ball is in a direct proportion relation with the flow speed of the overtopping water flow, and the higher the flow speed of the overtopping water flow is, the higher the drag force born by the water injection iron ball is. And the flow speed of the water flow and the drag force function relation can be set through a water tank test, the flow speed of the overturned water flow at the iron ball injection site of the barrier lake is reversely pushed, and the full-section monitoring of the overtravel water flow speed is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for monitoring the flow rate of the dam opening of the barrier lake is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: measuring the top elevation of the damming body on site of the damming lake, and selecting a section 20-50m away from the dam top (1) of the damming body on the upstream side of the damming body as a breach flow rate monitoring section (4);
step two: a first flexible steel rope (6) is arranged at each interval of 2m in the vertical height within the range from the bottom of the damming body to the height 10-15m above the top of the damming body in the test section (4) of the flow velocity of the crumbling mouth, and two ends of the first flexible steel rope (6) are respectively fixed on two mountain slopes (7);
step three: arranging electronic elastometer along each first flexible steel rope (6) at intervals of 4m from one end of each mountain side slope (7) on two sides, wherein the electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor (9), a lead (13) and an electronic elastometer data processor (12), one end of the electronic elastometer sensor (9) is fixed on the first flexible steel rope (6), and the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor is connected with a hollow iron ball (10) filled with water through a second flexible steel rope (11);
step four: a plurality of electronic elastometer sensors (9) which are arranged on the first flexible steel rope (6) at intervals are connected in series through a lead (13), the tail end of the lead (13) is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor (12), and the electronic elastometer data processor (12) is arranged on one side of a mountain slope;
step five: when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the overturned water flow drags the hollow iron ball (10) filled with water, and the electronic elastometer data processor (12) reads the water flow drag force T born by the hollow iron ball (10) filled with water;
step six: the flow velocity V of the water flow at the breach of the barrier lake is determined by the water flow dragging force T borne by the hollow iron ball (10).
2. A method of monitoring the flow rate of a dam opening of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein: the electronic elastometer sensors (9) on each first flexible steel rope (6) are connected in series by adopting a wire (13), each first flexible steel rope (6) is matched with one wire (13) for use, and the tail ends of the wires (13) are connected with the same electronic elastometer data processor (12).
3. A method of monitoring the flow rate of a dam opening of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein: the method for determining the relation between the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake and the water flow dragging force T borne by the filled water hollow iron ball (10) comprises the following steps:
step one: a water tank (14) is arranged on the upstream side of the water tank (18), and a gate (15) is arranged in the water tank (18);
step two: a first flexible steel rope (6) is used on the downstream side of the gate (15) to traverse the water tank (18), two ends of the first flexible steel rope (6) are respectively fixed on guide walls on two sides of the water tank (18), an electronic elastometer is arranged in the middle of the first flexible steel rope (6), the electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor (9), a lead (13) and an electronic elastometer data processor (12), one end of the electronic elastometer sensor (9) is connected with a full water hollow iron ball (10) through a second flexible steel rope (11), and the other end of the electronic elastometer sensor (9) is fixed in the middle of the first flexible steel rope (6);
step three: the electronic elastometer sensor (9) is connected along the first flexible steel rope (6) through a lead (13), the other end of the lead (13) is connected with the electronic elastometer data processor (12), and the electronic elastometer data processor (12) is arranged outside the guide wall of the water tank (18);
step five: a flow rate meter (17) is arranged on one side of the electronic elastometer sensor (9) along the first flexible steel rope (6);
step six: opening the water tank (14) and the gate (15) to drain, measuring the flow velocity V of water flow AT the downstream side of the gate (15) through the flow velocity meter (17), adjusting the drainage amount of the water tank (14) and the opening of the gate (15), gradually increasing the flow velocity of water flow AT the lower edge of the gate (15), recording different flow velocity V and the corresponding flow dragging force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball (10) recorded by the electronic elastometer by taking 0.5m/s as gradient, and utilizing the flow velocity V AT the downstream side of the gate (15) and the flow dragging force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball (10) in real measurement by utilizing a plurality of groups of actual measurement, and developing the functional relation between the flow velocity V AT the downstream side of the gate (15) and the flow dragging force T born by the filled water hollow iron ball (10), namely V=f (T) =AT 3 +BT 2 +CT+D, A, B, C, D are constants, respectively.
4. A method of monitoring the flow rate of a dam opening of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation method of the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake in the step six is as follows: substituting the T value obtained in the step six into a formula V=f (T) to obtain the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake.
5. An apparatus for carrying out the method of monitoring the flow rate of a dam breach of a barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device comprises a plurality of first flexible steel ropes (6), wherein the first flexible steel ropes (6) are arranged side by side at intervals of 2m in vertical height, and two ends of each first flexible steel rope (6) are fixed on mountain side slopes (7) on two sides of a barrier lake; a plurality of electronic elastometers are arranged on each first flexible steel rope (6) at intervals, and each electronic elastometer comprises an electronic elastometer sensor (9), a lead (13) and an electronic elastometer data processor (12); one end of the electronic elastic device sensor (9) is fixed on the first flexible steel rope (6), the other end of the electronic elastic device sensor is connected with one end of the second flexible steel rope (11), and the other end of the second flexible steel rope (11) is connected with an iron ball (10) filled with water; a plurality of electronic elastometer sensors (9) which are arranged on the first flexible steel rope (6) at intervals are connected in series through a lead (13), the tail end of the lead (13) is connected with an electronic elastometer data processor (12), and the electronic elastometer data processor (12) is arranged on one side of a mountain slope; when the barrier lake overturns and breaks, the iron ball (10) is dragged by overturned water flow, and the electronic elastometer data processor (12) reads the water flow dragging force T born by the iron ball (10); substituting the T value into a formula V=f (T) to obtain the water flow velocity V of the dam opening of the barrier lake.
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