CN117223794A

CN117223794A - Method for in situ preparation of pellet feed with surface coated with drugs and/or additives

Info

Publication number: CN117223794A
Application number: CN202311205283.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘园; 谭正; 翁亚彪; 刘肖娟; 谭志坚; 王新秋; 曾莉; 王振兴
Original assignee: Foshan Standard Bio Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Standard Bio Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-18
Filing date: 2023-09-18
Publication date: 2023-12-15

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a pellet feed with a surface coated with drugs and/or additives on site, which comprises the following steps: (1) Providing a coating liquid comprising a short rheology modifier, a drug and/or an additive, (2) mixing and stirring the coating liquid with the pellet feed on site to obtain a pellet feed with the drug and/or the additive coated on the surface, wherein the pellet feed is selected from a hard pellet feed, wherein the short rheology modifier is selected from a starch material and/or a modified starch material, a cellulose material and/or a modified cellulose material, or a combination thereof. The pellet feed with the medicine and/or additive coated on the surface prepared by the method has the advantages of less pulverization, uniform coating of the medicine and/or additive, no influence on eating and low cost.

Description

Method for in situ preparation of pellet feed with surface coated with drugs and/or additives

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a method for preparing coated and/or additive pellet feeds on site.

Background

In large-scale cultivation, such as pigs, rabbits, chickens and the like, mainly edible pellet feed is adopted, and in the cases of disease prevention, treatment, emergency treatment and the like, the aim of drug administration is expected to be achieved by means of stocklines, waterlines or feeds per se. The present granules, in particular hard granules, have high hardness and smooth surfaces, are difficult to directly mix with medicines, in particular powdery medicines, and the medicines, in particular powdery medicines, are prepared into liquid medicines and then mixed with granular feed, so that the uniformity of mixing can be greatly improved, and the applicant has developed a stockline feeder (see, CN202221870255.X, CN 202123023200.3) in the prior stage, prepares medicines (solid or liquid) into liquid medicines, and then uniformly sprays the medicines into the stockline feed by means of stocklines, thereby achieving the purpose of uniform administration by means of the stockline feed. This is suitable for large-scale cultivation with a high degree of automation, but the difficulty of adding and mixing drugs, (feed) additives (or additive premix feed, mixed feed additives) and the like is not yet solved for the case where the scale is relatively small or where the use of stocklines is not possible for other reasons.

In some small and medium-sized farms, mixing of the drug and the feed on site is a common means, and generally a simple mixing device, for example, an auger type low shear mixing device shown in fig. 1, is used, the device can roll and stir the feed in the mixing device, and can not cause obvious shearing of the feed and further break and pulverize the feed, the drug can be conveniently added from the upper part, and after the drug and/or the additive are added into the mixing device, the drug and the feed are uniformly mixed by stirring.

Dry mixing is the simplest way, but as mentioned above, dry mixing of drugs and pellet feed is difficult to adhere, and even if the mixing device shown in fig. 1 is used, the drug powder and the feed are still separated and layered, so that the uniformity of mixing of the drugs and pellet feed is seriously affected, and the drugs are too much or even poisoned for some animals, and the intended therapeutic and preventive purposes are not achieved for some animals.

Some farms directly mix the medicines with water and then pour the medicines into a stirrer to mix the medicines with feed, and the adhesion performance of part of medicines and the feed can be improved due to the wetting and adhesion effects of the water. But the drawbacks of this approach are also apparent. For some water-soluble medicines, the mode of spraying liquid medicine by spraying can achieve relatively higher mixing uniformity degree with feed, but the water solubility of many medicines is not good, the medicines cannot be completely dissolved in water, and the medicines cannot be uniformly mixed with the feed by spraying. Whereas, if a coarse spray (coarse spray means that droplets are larger than general coarse mist droplets but smaller than general droplets, and the size is about 1mm to 3mm, [ Jing, zheng Jiajiang, zhou Hongping, yang Gufu ], a method for measuring and treating mist droplet size is reviewed in [ J ].1999, 27 (7): 10 to 12 ] ]) or a manner of droplet or pouring is adopted, there are obvious problems of suspension of the drug in water, sedimentation of the drug particles in water, uneven drug transfer process, and uneven drug mixing; if the water-insoluble medicine is in a coarse spraying or liquid drop or pouring mode, the other problem is that the feed rapidly absorbs the contacted moisture, so that the medicine cannot be transferred among feed particles, and the content of the medicine in the feed is uneven; on the other hand, part of the granulated feed which rapidly absorbs moisture is rapidly pulverized, so that the medicines on the surface of the feed particles are separated along with the pulverization and separation of the feed. Some animals such as rabbits do not like to eat powdery feed, so that the powdery feed and the fallen powdery medicine cannot be ingested into the body of the animals such as rabbits, and the waste and uneven ingestion of the medicine are caused.

In the preparation process of the feed, there is a process of spraying the liquid medicine on the surface of the feed and then drying the feed, but the mode is obviously not suitable for the scene of on-site use of a farmer.

The seed coating is similar to the coating of the medicine on the surface of the feed particles, but the seed and the feed particles are different in that the surface of the seed does not quickly absorb the contacted moisture and the pulverization phenomenon does not occur even if the seed absorbs the water; in addition, the seeds can be dried after coating and are generally not used immediately, which is clearly different from the situation where the surface of the feed is coated with the drug on site.

When the surface of the pellet feed is coated with the medicine, the method for taking high-concentration sucrose water (or syrup prepared by decocting) as coating liquid is also available, and the high-concentration sucrose water (or syrup) has proper viscosity and better fluidity, can be adhered to and coated on the surface of the pellet feed, has low relative water content, is difficult to quickly and deeply permeate into the interior of the feed to cause pulverization of the feed, and can be dispersed on the surface of the pellet feed by means of the adhesion of the sucrose water. Moreover, the high-concentration syrup is not easy to spoil, and the syrup can be prepared for multiple times. In addition, sucrose can be used in combination with most drugs and can also be used as an energy source. However, this approach has problems, for example, in that many animals enjoy sweet taste of sugar, and sucrose water is not added as a coating solution during non-feeding, and there is a case where the feeding amount of animals (e.g., rabbits) is reduced. Sucrose cost is also a problem to consider.

On site, medicines are wrapped on the surface of the feed, and sometimes edible oil is used for preparing wrapping liquid, so that the oil is absorbed by the surface of the feed slowly, and the problem of feed pulverization cannot be caused, but the problems of high cost of the edible oil and easy putrefaction of the oil remained in a trough are also considered.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for wrapping a wrapper on the surface of pellet feed, which can mix the drug or (feed) additive (collectively referred to as wrapper) with the feed relatively uniformly on site of a farmer, and is not easy to cause pulverization of the pellet feed. The application scene related by the method is that the pellet feed and the wrappage are mixed on site and are used rapidly on site (generally, the pellet feed is used within one day and the majority of pellet feed is eaten within 6-8 hours), the pellet feed cannot be dried and does not need to be dried, the preparation process is as simple as possible, the materials can be obtained on site, and the method is simple.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of one aspect of the present invention to provide a method for the in situ preparation of a pellet feed with surface encapsulated drugs and/or additives (or packages in general), said method comprising the steps of:

(1) Providing a coating liquid comprising a short rheology modifier, a drug and/or an additive,

(2) Mixing and stirring the wrapping liquid and the pellet feed on site to prepare the pellet feed with the surface wrapped with the drugs and/or the additives,

Wherein the pellet feed is selected from the group consisting of hard pellet feed, and

wherein the short rheology modifier is selected from the group consisting of starch-based materials and/or modified starch materials, cellulose-based materials and/or modified fiber materials, or combinations thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the drug is selected from a chemical drug and/or a biological drug.

In another preferred example, the shape of the hard pellet feed is cylindrical and spherical, and the average size of the cylindrical feed is the diameter (2 mm-5 mm) multiplied by the length (5 mm-20 mm); the particle size of the spherical pellet feed is 2-8 mm.

In another preferred embodiment, the biopharmaceutical is selected from the group consisting of a vaccine, preferably, the vaccine is a coccidian live vaccine, is selected from live pig coccidian vaccine, live cow coccidian vaccine, live sheep coccidian vaccine, live chicken coccidian vaccine, live duck coccidian vaccine, live rabbit coccidian vaccine, live cat coccidian vaccine, live dog coccidian vaccine or live guinea pig coccidian vaccine.

In another preferred embodiment, the hard pellet feed is selected from the group consisting of swine pellet feed, bovine pellet feed, sheep pellet feed, chicken pellet feed, duck pellet feed, goose pellet feed, rabbit pellet feed, cat pellet feed, dog pellet feed, guinea pig pellet feed.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is present in the encapsulation liquid in an amount of 0.2 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 25% by mass, still more preferably 0.4 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 2 to 20% by mass.

In another preferred embodiment, the drug and/or additive is present in the encapsulation liquid in an amount of 0.2 to 40% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass.

In another preferred embodiment, the viscosity of the coating solution is 100mpa.s to 4000mpa.s at 6rpm, more preferably 200mpa.s to 3000mpa.s, most preferably 300 to 2000mpa.s at 6 rpm.

In another preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the pellet feed to the wrapping liquid is 100:10-0.5.

In another preferred embodiment, providing a casing fluid comprising a short rheology modifier, drug and/or additive comprises the steps of:

(1) Adding the short rheological modifier into water to obtain liquid material containing the short rheological modifier,

(2) Adding the drug and/or the additive into the feed liquid containing the short-rheology rheological agent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain the wrapping liquid containing the short-rheology rheological agent, the drug and/or the additive.

(1) Adding the drugs and/or additives into water to obtain liquid materials containing the drugs and/or additives,

(2) Adding the short-rheology rheological agent to a liquid material containing a drug and/or an additive to obtain the wrapping liquid containing the short-rheology rheological agent, the drug and/or the additive.

(1) The short rheology agent is added to water along with the drug and/or additive,

(2) Stirring and hydrating to obtain the wrapping liquid containing the short-rheology rheological agent, the medicine and/or the additive.

In another preferred embodiment, the starch-based material is selected from lotus root starch (also commonly known as lotus root starch), corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, mung bean starch, tapioca starch, sweet potato starch, water chestnut starch, glutinous rice flour, or a combination thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the modified starch material is selected from pregelatinized lotus root starch, pregelatinized corn starch, pregelatinized potato starch, pregelatinized wheat starch, pregelatinized mung bean starch, pregelatinized tapioca starch, pregelatinized sweet potato starch, pregelatinized water chestnut starch, pregelatinized glutinous rice flour, pregelatinized flour, or a combination thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the cellulosic material is selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, or combinations thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the modified cellulosic material is selected from modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, modified hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, modified hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, modified ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, modified methylcellulose, or combinations thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is a reasonable combination of the above classes of materials.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is selected from lotus root starch.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is selected from pregelatinized lotus root starch.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

In another preferred embodiment, the short rheology modifier is selected from surface treated, time-lapse hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

In another preferred embodiment, the encapsulation liquid is formulated from a short rheology modifier or a short rheology modifier-containing composition comprising the short rheology modifier and one or a combination of several of the following components:

Fluidity regulator, pigment indicator, functional components and auxiliary materials.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition for coating a drug and/or additive on a pellet feed, the composition being formulated with water as a coating solution with the drug and/or additive and coated on the surface of the pellet feed, the composition comprising a short rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of starch-based materials and/or modified starch materials, cellulose-based materials and/or modified cellulose materials, or a combination thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition further comprises a flowability-adjusting agent, a pigment-indicating agent, a functional component, an adjuvant, or a combination thereof.

Drawings

In fig. 1, panels a and B show, respectively, from different angles, stirring apparatus for use in a process for the in situ preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed, auger type low shear stirring mixing apparatus. C shows the low shear mixing device with auger blades during use. Stirring devices suitable for the present invention require stirring devices with low shear, typically devices with augers, belts, etc. as mixing stirring elements.

Fig. 2 is a pellet feed prepared in example 1 with the drug and/or additive coated on the surface, from which it can be seen that the pellet feed was not significantly powdered.

Fig. 3 is a pellet feed prepared in example 6 with the drug and/or additive coated on the surface, from which it can be seen that the pellet feed was not significantly powdered.

Detailed Description

The inventor finds that the requirements of coating the drugs and/or additives on the surface of the feed on site can be met by controlling the rheological property of the coating liquid in the process of researching the mixing of the drugs or additives and the pellet feed, and finds that the coating effect similar to that of high-concentration boiled white sugar water can be obtained by coating the pellet feed with gel-like feed liquid prepared by adding a short rheological agent into water according to the existing requirements of coating the drugs and/or additives (collectively called coating) on the surface of the feed. Further researches show that in order to improve the application range of wrapping medicines and/or additives on the surface of the feed, the wrapping liquid prepared from the nonionic starch materials or cellulose materials has better medicine compatibility, and can meet the requirement of medicine mixing uniformity. The nonionic starch substances such as corn starch, sweet potato starch, mung bean starch, lotus root starch and the like can be added into water, and then the mixture can be simply boiled and cooled, and then the medicines and/or additives are added into the mixture for uniform mixing, and the mixture can be used for wrapping the medicines and/or additives in pellet feed on site, so that the effect similar to white sugar water can be obtained. The pregelatinized starch products can be prepared into paste by using cold water, so that the use efficiency can be greatly improved by avoiding the hot processing flow, the adding time of the products such as medicines and additives is more flexible, medicines and additives can be added first, then a rheological agent is added, and the mixing uniformity of the wrapping liquid is further improved. Except that the addition to the water should be carried out uniformly and slowly while stirring thoroughly.

For cellulose materials such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hot water is generally used for dispersing, and then cold water is added for stirring and hydration; or the liquid material containing the rheological agent can be obtained by controlling the adding speed and fully stirring at room temperature; the surface-treated ' delayed hydration type ' hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is more convenient to use, the powder can be directly added into room-temperature water to be stirred for obtaining hydration within a few minutes without the high-temperature water dispersing and low-temperature water hydrating process, and the untreated non-delayed hydration type ' hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is very friendly to operation and particularly suitable for on-site manual operation because the surface is subjected to certain hydrophobic treatment, so that the hydration time is prolonged when the surface is contacted with water, sufficient adding and dispersing time is provided, the powder particles can be stirred and then re-hydrated after adding, at the moment, the powder particles can be firstly dispersed in the water and then the hydration process is gradually completed; it was also found that the hydration rate in ordinary tap water and ordinary hard water is faster (ordinary tap water hardness is 50-800ppm in terms of calcium carbonate, and generally contains calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride ions, etc., which are related to TDS, and the correlation of TDS (related to conductivity) and hardness is stronger for water under natural environment, and that the water quality [ Deng Tinghui ] is measured as TDS index, the correlation of ground water conductivity and total hardness [ J ]. Environmental monitoring management and technique, 1996,6 (4): 39-40 ]), whereas the hydration rate in pure water is slower, and this requirement for water quality exactly matches the quality of water for ordinary farms (the main problem of water quality for ordinary farms is that the hardness of water quality is higher, most above 50ppm, pure water is not used as daily water unless it is particularly required in ordinary farms), and the influence on the viscosity thereof is not great in the above hardness range. This phenomenon is also inconsistent with what the literature generally believes that ions slow down the rate of hydration, and has later been shown to be a consequence of the fact that the concentration of ions in hard water is generally much lower than the concentration of ions in the literature which slow down hydration. [ Qiu Bingyi. Rheological Properties of cosmetics and detergents [ M ]. Beijing: chemical industry press 2004, 127].

In addition, the inventor also found that adding a drug (especially a particulate drug) to a gel-like, relatively viscous liquid material formulated with a short rheology agent, a coating such as a drug, etc., in which the coating is uniformly dispersed requires a long time, and insufficient stirring can affect the uniformity of dispersion of the coating in the coating liquid, and thus the uniformity of dispersion of the drug in the feed. If the medicine can be dispersed in water (similar to the way that some farmers directly use water to disperse the medicine), then the short-rheology rheological agent is added to obtain a well-dispersed wrapping liquid, and then the wrapping liquid is wrapped by pellet feed, the uniformity of the medicine can be further improved, but the mode of preparing the wrapping liquid requires that the wrapping liquid cannot be subjected to high temperature, and the hydration process needs to be completed at room temperature. Under the condition, a commercially available modified starch material or modified cellulose material, such as gelatinized starch or delayed hydration type hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, can be used for meeting the requirements, can prepare a coating liquid at room temperature, can obtain a relatively uniform coating effect, is not easy to pulverize, can meet the actual production requirements of middle and small cultivation occasions, and is simple and convenient in process. For pregelatinized starch, when adding water, it is preferable to add room temperature water slowly and uniformly while maintaining sufficient agitation to obtain hydration, and high Wen Shuige is not required, and the pregelatinized starch is added to water generally in the form of porous films or plates, and more preferably, pregelatinized starch is mixed with auxiliary materials to obtain a composition and then added to water (fish eyes are easily caused if a large amount of pregelatinized starch is added to water at one time without sufficient agitation). A sufficient stirring in time is also necessary, and a strainer can be used as stirring to accelerate hydration and eliminate fish eyes. For the modified cellulose material, the surface hydrophobization is preferable, and the surface hydrophobization is performed to a certain extent, so that the hydration speed of the modified cellulose material when the modified cellulose material contacts with water can be slowed down, and further the characteristics of convenience in room-temperature operation (the modified cellulose material can be added into water at one time, stirred to be dispersed in water first, and then the hydration of the material dispersed in water is gradually completed, so that the operation becomes easier and more convenient), and the delayed hydration of fish eyes is not easy to generate can be obtained. The operation of preparing the wrapping liquid by adding the wrapping and then adding the short rheological agent can be realized, or the operation of simultaneously adding the wrapping and the short rheological agent into water and stirring to prepare the wrapping liquid can be realized. The pregelatinized starch subjected to certain hydrophobization treatment can also realize the characteristics of room temperature operation and difficult generation of fish eye delayed hydration, and the wrapping liquid can be easily prepared without special control of the adding speed and the faster stirring speed. The hydrophobization treatment can be carried out by adopting a general surface treatment mode, for example, certain hydrophobic silane can be selected for treatment, and the hydrophobization degree can be adjusted according to specific requirements so as to adjust the time of delayed hydration. Based on this, the present application was completed through a series of experiments.

The pellet feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives, which is obtained by the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives (collectively called as a coating) on site, is prepared at present, cannot be used and does not need to be dried, is generally eaten within 24 hours, and most of the pellet feed is eaten within 6-8 hours after preparation, so that the requirements of emergency and daily immunity, administration, health care and the like can be met, and the coated pellet feed has no obvious pulverization phenomenon.

In the present invention, the pellet feed is preferably a machine-made pellet feed, preferably a hard pellet feed (machine-made feeds are generally classified into expanded feeds, soft pellet feeds, hard pellet feeds, etc.). The term "hard pellet feed" refers to pellet feed obtained by extruding powdered feed with a die, and has a smooth surface due to its processing, low water content, and the like. The invention is preferably a machine-made pellet feed on the one hand because if the feed to be coated with the drug and/or additive is smaller crushed pellets and/or powder, the coarse feed surface itself is easier to mix with the drug, and there is no problem that the surface of the hard pellet feed is smooth and is not easy to mix uniformly with the drug and/or additive. In order to enable the wrapping liquid containing the drugs and/or additives to be wrapped on the surface of the pellet feed, the wrapping liquid is preferably added into the stirred pellet feed in a pouring, coarse spraying, liquid drop and the like mode (which is easy to realize in small and medium-sized farms), and the stirring device generally uses a small stirring and mixing device with low shear and auger blades, spiral belts and the like so that the wrapping liquid can be transferred between the pellet feeds and the wrapping liquid can be fully contacted with the pellet feed. Smaller pellet feeds are not suitable for the method of preparing the pellet feed coated with drugs and/or additives on the surface in situ according to the present invention because in this way, when the coating liquid is added to the pellet feed by pouring, coarse spraying or liquid drop, the pellet feed is more likely to agglomerate when contacted with the coating liquid, so that the coating liquid cannot be transferred between different feed particles, resulting in poor uniformity of drug mixing.

In the invention, medicines, additives and the like can be collectively called as wrappers, and the purpose of wrapping the wrappers on the surface of the pellet feed is to add the medicines, the additives and the like into the feed, so that the medicines, the additives and the feed are relatively uniformly eaten by animals together, and the effects of immunity, prevention, treatment and health care are achieved.

The term "drug" as used herein includes chemical drugs, biological products, and herbs in the general sense, which may be soluble, partially soluble, or particulate. The biologic includes a vaccine, further including a vaccine comprising particulate matter, further including a coccidian vaccine, the live coccidian vaccine comprising coccidian oocysts.

The "additive" in the present invention means a feed additive such as a liquid or solid product comprising vitamin a, carotene, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, pantothenic acid, niacin, nicotinamide, vitamin B6, etc., or a combination thereof, such as liquid vitamin, energy-adding quick supplement, high-energy quick supplement, etc., as commercial products; or solid and/or liquid probiotic products comprising clostridium butyricum, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and the like, or combinations thereof. That is, the additive herein refers to feed additive materials or compositions that are added to pellet feed, including mixed feed additives and additive premix feeds.

The wrappers for medicaments, additives, etc. used in the methods of the invention may be in liquid, powder, granule or other forms; may be soluble, partially soluble, or insoluble. In order to make the coating of the drug, additive, etc. more uniform on the surface of the pellet feed, it is preferred that the insoluble particles of the coating are not more than 1/10 of the particle size of the pellet feed, more preferably not more than 1/50 of the particle size of the pellet feed, where the particle size of the pellet feed is the equivalent diameter and/or the equivalent diameter of a certain dimension.

Prior to the reduction of the resistance policy, many feed mills add powders and/or additives etc. to the granulated feed material to granulate together as required. However, the policy does not allow the present invention, and the addition amount and the type of the medicine need to be adjusted according to the actual situations of different sites, and the mode of fixing the type and the addition amount of the medicine cannot meet the different requirements of the actual site medication. The hard pellet feed is directly mixed with powdery medicines and/or additives, and the medicines and/or additives are difficult to adhere to the surface of the feed and are unevenly mixed, so that the medicines and/or additives are required to be coated on the site surface of the pellet feed in a site clinical medicine mixed feeding mode. When the surface of the pellet feed is coated with drugs and/or additives, a low-shear mixer (shown in the form of figure 1) is mostly adopted in a small-scale cultivation site, which is a specific application scene of the invention.

When the wrapping materials such as medicines and/or additives are wrapped on the surface of the pellet feed, the wrapping liquid containing the medicines and/or additives is poured into the pellet feed under the stirring state, the poured wrapping liquid is firstly contacted with the surrounding feed pellets, then in the continuous stirring process, the wrapping liquid on the surface of the pellet feed is easily transferred from the surface of one pellet feed to the surface of another pellet feed or a plurality of pellet feeds due to the fact that the wrapping liquid has a certain thixotropic property and gel-like short flow type property, and finally, the surface of each pellet feed has the opportunity to wrap a layer of wrapping liquid, and the medicines and/or additives are wrapped on the surface of the pellet feed through the wrapping liquid. In a shorter time (generally 3-5 seconds) when the wrapping liquid wraps the surface of the pellet feed, because the wrapping liquid has gel-like property, moisture in the wrapping liquid is not absorbed by the pellet feed rapidly to avoid pulverization of the feed, the wrapping liquid is secondarily distributed after being stirred by a feed stirrer, the amount of the wrapping liquid adhered on the surface of the feed pellet is smaller, so that after (generally 3-5 seconds later) even if the feed pellet absorbs the wrapping liquid wrapping the surface of the feed pellet, the moisture in the wrapping liquid is mainly absorbed by the pellet feed, the rheologic agent contained in the wrapping liquid forms a film to wrap the surface of the pellet feed, and meanwhile, medicines and/or additives and the like (for medicines and/or additives in the form of pellets) are wrapped on the surface of the pellet feed by the film formed by the rheologic agent. The film formed by the rheological agent has the effect of fixing and adhering the medicine and/or the additive, so that the film is integrated with the feed, and the pulverization of the feed is not caused because the moisture absorbed by the granular feed is less (generally less than 10 percent of the weight of the feed, more preferably less than 4 percent of the weight of the feed).

The inventors have also found that there is a significant amount of dust in the pellet feed before pouring the coating liquid into the pellet feed, whereas the dust in the pellet feed is significantly reduced after adding the coating liquid. The present application is not pursued for coating the same amount of drug and/or additive on all pellet feed surfaces in the field, as it is difficult, nor unnecessary, to uniformly and completely coat smaller amounts of drug and/or additive on all feed surfaces. According to the weight of animal feed, most of the animal feed is tens of grams (the amount of feed for chickens and the like is small, but the feed is generally crushed particles and is not an application scene of the application), so that the feeding uniformity requirement of general group cultivation can be met by generally meeting the uniformity degree of medicines and/or additives taking 10g of pellet feed as a reference. In addition, the wrapping firmness of the medicine and/or the additive on the surface of the pellet feed can meet the requirement of field use. Because the application scene of the application is that the wrapped feed is fed for 6-8 hours, and the longest time is not more than 24 hours, the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface wrapped with the medicine and/or the additive on site can completely meet the requirements.

If a large amount of coating liquid is poured into pellet feed, under the condition of insufficient stirring, a large amount of coating liquid is coated on the surface of part of pellet feed, and the part of pellet feed may be pulverized due to the absorption of a large amount of water. It is therefore preferred to add the coating liquid containing the drug and/or additive under feed agitation conditions so that the whole pellet feed is mixed more quickly with the added coating liquid and so that the latter coats the surface of the former. The stirring device is preferably a small stirring device with auger blades and/or screw belt with low shear as shown in fig. 1, and the general device can stir and mix several kilograms to several tens of kilograms to one hundred kilograms of feed at a time. The larger amount of feed can be used (such as by combining a stockline with a stockline feeder), and is also generally applied to larger-scale farms. The invention is mainly aimed at the cultivation occasion with smaller scale. More occasions for mixing less than 100 kg of feed at a time.

In the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives on site, the weight ratio of the pellet feed to the coating liquid is 100:10-0.5. The dosage of the wrapping liquid is 4 kg-0.2 kg calculated by a 40 kg feed. If the coating liquid is regarded as 100% water, the average water content of the pellet feed increases by about 10% at the highest after the coating liquid is coated, and thus the pellet feed is not pulverized. Considering the non-water component in the wrapping liquid and the wrapping uniformity, the dosage ratio of the wrapping liquid to the pellet feed can also meet the requirement that the pellet feed is not easy to peel and pulverize.

As a further preferable scheme, in the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives on site, the weight ratio of the pellet feed to the coating liquid is 100:5-0.75; further 100:2-1.

In the process of preparing the wrapping liquid, the medicines, additives and the like can be added independently or in the form of a composition. The specific addition amount of the drugs, additives and the like is based on the clinical use amount, and the compatibility among the drugs and the like are considered, which generally needs to be verified through experiments. Typically, the weight of feed and drug and/or additive is 100:1 to 0.001, more typically 100:0.5 to 0.005. The amount of the drug and/or additive to be used needs to be within a reasonable range of values for the drug and/or additive relative to the feed. In the prepared wrapping liquid, the weight ratio of the wrapping liquid to the medicines and/or additives is 100:0.1-40; further 100:0.5-20.

In order to achieve a good wrapping effect and meet the requirement of wrapping medicines and/or additives on the surface of the pellet feed on site, the wrapping liquid needs to be limited.

The drug and/or additive may be in a dissolved or suspended state in the encapsulation liquid. For the suspension state, because the specific application scene of the application has low requirement on the stability of the suspension, no precipitation occurs within 10 minutes, and the uniformity during pouring can be satisfied. The drug, additive, etc. may be liquid or solid.

In practical application, the coating liquid is generally poured into the stirred pellet feed slowly, and under the stirring action, the coating liquid is transferred from one feed to the other feed, so that the medicine and/or the additive are coated on the surface of the pellet feed relatively uniformly, and the coating liquid is required to have the following characteristics: (1) Has the characteristic of short flow, and can not produce the phenomenon of adhesion between feeds caused by wiredrawing; (2) The feed has a certain thixotropic property, and can be transferred from one feed surface to the other feed surface under the stirring and friction shearing force of the pellet feed, and the feed can not be only wrapped on the first contacted pellet feed surface, so that the pellet feed is excessively absorbed with water and pulverized; (3) The gel-like water locking function ensures that the wrapping liquid has certain water locking capacity in a short time (3-5 s) in contact with the feed, so that the granular feed can not quickly absorb water, and the wrapping liquid is fully transferred among the feed granules; (4) The short rheological agent has better compatibility with medicines (including vaccines), additives and the like, is not easy to cause chemical reaction or physical action, that is, the short rheological agent has certain inertia and is slightly influenced by other substances such as raw materials and auxiliary materials of medicines (including vaccines), additives and the like, and the suspension property of the wrappers of the medicines (including vaccines), the additives and the like in the wrapping liquid meets the requirement of the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface wrapped medicines and/or the additives. However, in view of the variability of the raw and auxiliary material components, it is necessary to perform verification before use.

The requirement for short rheological property is suitable for the preparation mode of the coated feed, if the long rheological type coating liquid with similar viscosity is poured into the feed, the coating liquid can generate wiredrawing when being transferred between the feeds due to the characteristic of long rheological type coating liquid, so that the coating liquid is adhered to the feed particles, and the dispersion of the coating among the feeds is hindered, so that the coating liquid is not suitable for the coating of the feed.

The coating liquid of the application is poured into pellet feed in a short time, so that the suspension property of the coating liquid can meet the suspension property requirement of the application in a short time. This requirement for suspension is significantly lower than the requirement for 8-12 hours suspension stability required for immunization with a drinking immunoglobulin vaccine.

In the preparation process of the wrapping liquid, according to the form of the short rheological agent, the components such as medicines and additives are added into water, and then the short rheological agent is added, or the short rheological agent can be added into water to obtain liquid materials with suspension performance, and then the components such as medicines and additives are added, or the components such as the short rheological agent, the medicines and the additives can be added into water at the same time, and then the wrapping liquid is obtained by stirring and hydrating, so as to meet the requirements of different situations of preparing the wrapping liquid on site.

For the method of preparing the surface-coated drug and/or additive pellet feed on site, although it is considered to prepare the coating liquid using pure water, this adds additional cost. The wrapping liquid is prepared on site in a farm, and water sources on site, such as tap water, well water, river water, stream water and the like, are generally used, and the main index difference of the water quality of the water sources is the hardness of water, which generally ranges from tens to hundreds or even thousands. For example, hardness of water in natural environment of less than 50ppm (calculated as calcium carbonate) is less common. These water sources can affect the viscosity and suspension properties of the coating fluid, so it is desirable that hard water can be used in the formulation of the coating fluid of the present application, and that the coating fluids formulated with water of varying hardness have less of a difference in properties, e.g., consistent viscosity and suspension properties. The nonionic starch material or modified material thereof or cellulose material or modified material thereof can meet the above requirements. Such advantages are mainly manifested in two aspects: first), the properties of the formulated coating fluid, particularly its viscosity, are less affected by on-site water quality conditions. For example, in the case of the time-lapse hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the viscosity is not greatly different under the condition of general hardness (less than 1000 ppm) of water. But the hydration process can be accelerated by a certain hardness, but the hydration speed of pure water can be slowed down, but the pure water is generally inconvenient and uneconomical to use on site and unnecessary, so the method is suitable for obtaining materials on site in a farm environment, and preparing feed liquid with stable viscosity conveniently and rapidly; secondly), the effect on mixing with different medicines, additives and the like is small, and the compatibility with medicines, additives and the like is good. The starch material can be mixed with various medicines for wrapping feed. However, due to the diversity of the raw materials and auxiliary materials of the medicines, verification before formal use is still necessary.

The composition comprising the short rheology modifier for use in formulating the coating liquids of the present invention may contain, in addition to the short rheology modifiers described above, one or more components of a flowability regulator, a pigment indicator, a functional component, an adjuvant, etc. Wherein the flowability regulator, pigment indicator, functional component, adjuvant, etc. preferably form a rheology agent composition with the short rheology agent, which is added to the water together when formulating the encapsulation liquid.

The auxiliary materials can be selected from non-ionic auxiliary materials such as glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and the like, and the weight percentage of the auxiliary materials in the rheological agent composition is preferably 0-98%. The auxiliary materials have the functions of dispersing the rheological agent, the fluidity regulator, the pigment indicator, the functional components and the like, so that the composition with uniform dispersion is obtained. At 0% it means no addition.

The flow modifier may be selected from fumed silica, hydrated silica, silica spheres, hollow silica, dry powder, and the like, and preferably the flow modifier is present in the rheology composition in an amount of 0% to 20% by weight. The flow regulator has the function of ensuring that the composition has good fluidity in the preparation and use processes and ensuring that the composition is more uniform. At 0% it means no addition.

The color indicator may be selected from edible pigments. For example, brilliant blue, indigo, lemon yellow, carmine, amaranth, and the like. The weight percent of the color indicator in the rheology composition is preferably from 0% to 10%.0% means that no color indicator may be added.

The functional component may be selected from vitamins and/or amino acids and/or other pharmaceutical ingredients. The weight percentage of the functional ingredient in the rheology agent composition is preferably 0% to 40%. The functional ingredient can be stably present in the rheology composition. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the functional ingredient is selected from methionine and/or lysine. At 0% it means no addition.

In the present invention, the preparation method of the coating liquid, especially before adding the medicine and/or the additive, needs to select different methods to prepare the liquid material containing the rheological agent according to the property of the rheological agent. When the starch material is used as the rheological agent, the starch material is preferably added into cold water, boiled for a while, cooled to room temperature and used, and the liquid is usually boiled for 1-10 min, usually 2-5 min. For example, lotus root starch can be mixed with cold water and then boiled or added with boiling water and stirred uniformly.

When the pregelatinized starch material is used as a rheological agent, the starch material is preferably added into cold water or warm water and fully stirred when preparing liquid. When the fish-eye reducing agent is added into water, the adding speed and more sufficient stirring are needed to be paid attention to, so that the generation of the fish-eyes is reduced.

For cellulose materials or modified materials thereof, such as cellulose ether products, it is preferable to mix them in hot water and then pour them into room temperature water to hydrate with stirring. The hot water is selected to be more than 90 ℃, and the required water quantity is 1/3-1/5 of the total water demand. For example, it may be dispersed in hot water heated to 90 ℃ to be sufficiently dispersed, and the remaining amount of water is added in the form of cold water or ice water so that hydration proceeds when the dispersion reaches a temperature at which the cellulose ether is water-soluble, the viscosity gradually increases, and a uniform solution is finally formed. Other cellulosic materials or modified materials, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, will hydrate rapidly at room temperature when exposed to water, and therefore, the rate of addition of the rheology agent-containing liquid must be controlled to require vigorous stirring when formulating the liquid, or else agglomeration is liable to occur, resulting in fish-eye-like pellets. For the cellulose ether substance subjected to surface treatment and delayed hydration, hydration can not be generated immediately after the cellulose ether substance is contacted with water, the cellulose ether substance can be hydrated by using room-temperature water, the step of heating at high temperature can be omitted, and the speed of adding the room-temperature water and the stirring speed do not need to be particularly paid attention. Thus in the present application, the untreated cellulosic material and the starchy material are not present in the same rheology composition at the same time. The simultaneous presence of untreated cellulose ether and cellulose ether of the delayed hydration type is also not preferred. Preferably, the surface treated cellulose ether with delayed hydration is used as a rheological agent to formulate a coating solution for use with coccidium vaccines. It is further preferred that the treated time-lapse hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is used as a rheological agent in the formulation of a coating liquid, in particular with a coccidium vaccine for feed coating.

Preferably, the surface-treated gelatinised starch with delayed hydration is used as a rheological agent to formulate a coating liquid, in particular with a coccidium vaccine for feed coating.

In addition, the inventors have found in experiments that properties different from those described in the prior art are found for the time-lapse hydrated cellulose ether, particularly the time-lapse hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, when hydrated at room temperature. The prior art (Qiu Bingyi. Rheology of cosmetics and detergents.1 edition [ M ]. Beijing, chemical technology Press, 2004:128.) states that "surface treated cellulose ethers can be added directly to water, are easy to disperse, and do not agglomerate. The time required for complete hydration is related to concentration, temperature, solution pH and agitation. Experiments show that under the condition that other conditions are consistent, the hydration time of the time-delay hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in pure water is longer, for example, the time-delay hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is added into water according to the amount of 0.6 percent, and the time-delay hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose takes 30 minutes to start to hydrate and can be basically hydrated to be complete after about 70 minutes; the water hydration speed is fast in tap water with the hardness of about 200 and water with the hardness of high 2000, the hydration starts in about 1-2 minutes, the hydration degree is obvious in 3-5 minutes, and the hydration can be completed in 10 minutes, so that the water-saving agent is particularly suitable for the conditions of on-site use of farms. Thus, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in the form of delayed hydration is preferred. The pure water is impractical to implement in farms, which is inconvenient both in cost and in use; however, both tap water and groundwater have certain hardness, the hardness is generally more than 50ppm and very rarely lower than 50 ppm; most are above 100ppm, especially well water is typically above 1000ppm, but less above 2000 ppm. The delayed hydration type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a relatively high hydration speed in the hard water, and is very friendly for field application. Experiments show that the hardness is higher than 50ppm, so that the hydration effect within 10 minutes can be achieved, and therefore, the time-lapse hydration type cellulose material is preferable, and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is further preferable as the rheological agent. When in use, the powder of the rheological agent composition prepared by the rheological agent composition and other substances is poured into room temperature water, and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain the liquid material containing the rheological agent.

The delayed hydration type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mentioned in the invention is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the surface modified by hydrophobe, for example, long carbon chain silane such as octyl trimethoxy silane can be used, for example, the conventional products in the market can be used, for example: HPMC 10 Wan S (the expression mode of different companies with different brands, 10 Wan indicates the characteristic viscosity, here S indicates the delayed hydration type, which means that when water is added, the water will not be immediately hydrated, but the water will be dispersed first and then the hydration will be completed), or the hydrophobic treatment is carried out by using carbon chain silane such as octyl trimethoxy silane.

Although the pregelatinized starch material can be hydrated at room temperature, the adding speed and the stirring during the adding are required to be controlled, and the delayed hydration pregelatinized starch material prepared by partial hydrophobization treatment can not be hydrated immediately when water is added, has no strict limitation on the adding speed and the stirring during the adding, and has more friendly operation performance. Thus cellulosic materials comprising a delayed hydration form preferably do not comprise starch-based materials of a non-delayed hydration form. Preferably, a time-lapse, hydrated pregelatinized starch material and a time-lapse, hydrated cellulose ether material may be used in the present invention as a combination.

The delayed hydration type pregelatinized starch material is a pregelatinized starch material with the surface modified by hydrophobization, for example, long carbon chain silane such as octyl trimethoxy silane can be used for surface hydrophobization treatment, the treated material can not be immediately hydrated when cold water is added, but can be firstly dispersed in water, then is gradually hydrated again, fish eyes of untreated pregelatinized starch material are not easy to appear, and hydration can be completed in normal-temperature water. The "delayed hydration type pregelatinized starch material" and the "pregelatinized starch material" refer to different materials, but are both modified starch materials, and pregelatinized starch refers to a material which can be hydrated to achieve thickening at room temperature through high-temperature gelatinization. The delayed hydration type pregelatinized starch material refers to the defect that the pregelatinized starch is rapidly hydrated when in cold water contact and easily generates fish eyes, and the surface of the pregelatinized starch material is subjected to certain hydrophobization treatment (similar to the delayed hydration type HPMC is similar to the hydrophobization treatment of HPMC which easily generates fish eyes in cold water to obtain the delayed hydration type), which can be generally obtained by adding octyl trimethoxy silane into a poor solvent of the pregelatinized starch to control the water and temperature conditions so that the hydrophobic silane is combined with the starch surface to generate certain hydrophobic effect, and then filtering, drying, crushing and other processes

The viscosity of the wrapping liquid is 100 mpa.s-50000 mpa.s under 6rpm (the same applies, namely 6rpm is not specially described), more preferably not lower than 200mpa.s, and the higher viscosity can achieve better water locking effect and reduce the absorption speed of water on the surface of the feed; further viscosity is greater than 300mpa.s; but the viscosity should be limited to such an extent that flowability cannot be affected. Too high a viscosity would cause difficulties in transferring the coating liquid during coating of the feed according to the application, so that the viscosity cannot be increased infinitely, further optimizing not higher than 3000mpa.s, as optimizing not higher than 2000mpa.s, further not higher than 1000mpa.s.

In order to achieve both the viscosity and gel-like flowability, it is advantageous that the coating liquid has a certain thixotropic property. The thixotropic properties of the prepared wrapping liquid are more than 1.1, more preferably more than 1.2; thixotropy is expressed herein as the ratio of viscosity at 6rpm to 60rpm, with a greater number indicating greater shear thinning ability and better flow properties. Too high a thixotropic property is also unnecessary, preferably less than 5. As a preferred viscosity at 60rpm, 90 to 1000mpa.s, more preferred 100 to 500mpa.s, still more preferred 150 to 300mpa.s, to ensure easy transfer from the feed pellet in shear at the time of encapsulation.

In the preparation process of the wrapping liquid, when the starch material is used as the rheological agent, the ungelatinized starch material is preferably added into water to obtain a liquid material containing the rheological agent, and then the liquid material (namely after the rheological agent is hydrated) is added with medicines and/or additives at room temperature and uniformly mixed.

In the preparation process of the wrapping liquid, when the pregelatinized starch material is used as the rheological agent, the starch material is preferably added into water to obtain a liquid material containing the rheological agent, and then (namely after the rheological agent is hydrated), medicines and/or additives are added at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. Or adding the medicine and/or additive at room temperature, stirring for dispersion, adding pregelatinized starch material and stirring for hydration; or mixing, dispersing and hydrating.

In the preparation process of the wrapping liquid, when the surface-treated time-delay hydrated pregelatinized starch material is used as a rheological agent, the starch material is preferably added into water to obtain a liquid material containing the rheological agent, and then (namely after the rheological agent is hydrated), medicines and/or additives are added at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. Or adding the medicine and/or additive at room temperature, stirring for dispersion, adding pregelatinized starch material and stirring for hydration; or mixing, dispersing and hydrating.

When the cellulose substance is used as the rheological agent, the cellulose substance and/or the modified substance thereof is/are preferably added into water to obtain a liquid material containing the rheological agent, and then (namely after the rheological agent is hydrated), medicines and/or additives are added at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. This requires attention to the rate of addition and addition while maintaining adequate agitation for non-surface treated non-time-lapse, hydrated cellulosic materials.

When surface-treated cellulosic materials such as room temperature hydrated (time-lapse hydrated) cellulose ethers are used as the rheology agent, it is preferable to disperse the drug and/or additive in water before adding the rheology agent to complete the hydration process. Or adding rheological materials, hydrating at room temperature, emulsifying, adding medicine and/or additive, stirring, and dispersing; or mixing, dispersing and hydrating.

In the present invention, the drug (including vaccine), additive, etc. may itself be in solid, particulate form or contain solid, particulate ingredients. The medicine (including vaccine) and the additive can be water insoluble or water soluble to form liquid. Because of the rheological properties of the encapsulation liquid, for drugs in solid form and having low solubility, mainly in the form of solid particles, the rheological properties of the encapsulation liquid can suspend the particulate drug therein, satisfying the uniformity of the pouring process. The thixotropic property of the wrapping liquid can lead the granular medicine to be uniformly dispersed in the stirring process.

The water insoluble drug or additive may be present in the encapsulation liquid in the form of droplets or solid particles, the rheological properties of the encapsulant being such that it fulfils its suspending properties. The water-soluble drug or additive can be uniformly dispersed in the coating liquid, which is more beneficial to the subsequent coating operation.

The process of mixing the wrapping liquid containing the medicine and/or the additive with the pellet feed on site comprises the following steps: the pellet feed to be wrapped is placed in a stirrer, so that the pellet feed is slowly poured into the stirred pellet feed with wrapping liquid containing medicines (including vaccines) and/or additives in the stirring movement process, and the stirring state of the stirrer is continuously maintained, so that a certain amount of wrapping liquid is wrapped on the surface of each feed. The coating liquid is completely added into the pellet feed within 0.5 to 10 minutes according to the size of the stirrer, and is added at a speed of 0.05 to 5 liters/min.

The stirring apparatus used in the method of the present invention for the in situ preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed preferably has a low shear mixing apparatus; further preferred are stirring devices having auger blades, screw belts, etc.; preferably, the device is convenient to pour the wrapping liquid from above the stirring device and contact the feed. Existing equipment types are preferred.

Because of the rheological properties of the coating liquid, the coating liquid cannot be well coated on the surface of the pellet feed through spray dispersion, the method does not pursue a spray dispersion mode, and adopts a simpler pouring mode for more conveniently meeting the actual application sites. The liquid drops of the wrapping liquid adhere to the surface of one or a plurality of feeds when the feed is poured, but the feeds can not quickly absorb the water in the wrapping liquid because of the water locking property of the gel; because of thixotropic properties, the feed rolls over during the stirring process, causing contact with surrounding feed particles, so that the coating liquid can easily migrate from one feed surface to another or to several surfaces, and the surface of the feed particles further coats the coating liquid during the further pouring of the coating liquid, thereby finally completing the whole coating process. In principle each feed surface will have the opportunity to be coated with a coating liquid so that the drugs (including vaccines) and/or additives adhere to its surface. Although the moisture in the subsequent coating liquid is absorbed into the pellet feed for a longer time, the moisture does not cause the pulverization and falling of the pellet feed because the coating liquid coated on the surface of the pellet feed is limited.

The pellet feed is preferably cylindrical and spherical in shape, and the average size of the cylindrical feed is the diameter (2-5 mm) multiplied by the length (5-20 mm); the particle size of the spherical pellet feed is 2-8 mm. Because the feed preparation process is generally fixed in diameter, and the length (or height) dimension is not a complete cylinder, but rather the two ends are in random morphology, the length (or height) refers to the equivalent height, and can generally refer to the length (or height) of a cylinder of feed of the same volume as the same diameter.

In the present invention, the vaccine is preferably a coccidial vaccine, and more preferably a coccidial oocyst vaccine. Coccidian oocyst vaccine comprising live coccidian oocysts as an active ingredient, the activity of which is maintained before the animal eats, and the gel state of the encapsulation liquid has an additional protective effect on the coccidian oocysts. Because coccidian oocysts are easy to die in a dry environment, if the vaccine is directly sprayed on the feed or mixed with water and sprayed in the feed, the water is quickly absorbed by the feed, so that the survival probability of the coccidian oocysts is reduced; and the coccidian oocyst vaccine is mixed with the feed through the wrapping liquid, and the wrapping liquid can form a certain gel shell outside the oocysts, so that the survival time of the coccidian oocysts is further prolonged, and the utilization rate is improved.

Preferably, the coccidian oocyst vaccine is selected from chicken oocyst vaccine, rabbit oocyst vaccine, pigeon oocyst vaccine, duck oocyst vaccine, goose oocyst vaccine, pig oocyst vaccine, cow oocyst vaccine, sheep oocyst vaccine, dog oocyst vaccine, cat oocyst vaccine, guinea pig oocyst vaccine, and the like. Because of the host specificity of coccidiosis, it is preferred that these vaccines be administered to the corresponding host animals.

The rheology agent used in the method of the present invention may be adapted for the addition of various types of drugs and/or additives alone or in combination.

The method for using the feed with the medicine and/or the additive coated on the surface. The animal is fed with the feed with the medicine and/or additive coated on the surface, and the feed is eaten within 24 hours, preferably 6-8 hours. An important requirement of the present coated feed is that the pulverization of the feed is reduced, so that the stirring device is selected to preferably have low shear properties, and further preferably to have auger blades and/or screw flights.

Because rabbits do not like to eat powdered feed, the method for preparing the granular feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives on site is particularly suitable for the granular feed of rabbits. In addition, the method for preparing the pellet feed with the surface coated with the drugs and/or the additives on site can reduce dust of the feed, even a small amount of powdered feed can be coated on the surface of the larger pellet feed through the coating agent, so that the dust is reduced, and the influence of the powdered feed on the respiratory tract of animals such as rabbits and the like is reduced.

The material used to formulate the encapsulation liquid may be a simple short rheology modifier or a short rheology modifier-containing composition that may further include a flowability adjuster, a pigment indicator, a functional component, an adjuvant, or a combination thereof.

In the description of the present invention, the term "short rheology agent" used to formulate the wrapping liquid of the present invention, also simply referred to as "all rheology agent", refers to a rheology agent having short rheology characteristics.

The pellet feed with the medicine and/or additive coated on the surface prepared by the method basically has no pulverization phenomenon, the medicine and/or additive is uniformly coated, the animal eating is not affected, and the cost is low.

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. The specific embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and operation processes are given. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedure, in which no specific conditions are noted in the examples below, is generally carried out according to conventional conditions. Unless otherwise indicated, proportions and percentages are by weight.

Viscosity test viscosity tests were carried out at various rotational speeds using a rotary viscometer [ NDJ-1 type rotary viscometer, shanghai plain scientific instruments limited ].

Example 1

1.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in tables 1-1.

TABLE 1-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

Corn starch	Water-soluble starch	Carmine	Sodium benzoate	Gas silicon
					15g	3g	0.5	1	1.5g

The components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain the composition containing the short rheological agent, and materials with small quantity can be mixed by adopting a progressive dilution method. Wherein corn starch is used as a short rheological agent, water-soluble starch is used as an auxiliary material, carmine is used as a dye, sodium benzoate is used as a preservative, and gas silicon is used as a flowing and dampproof auxiliary agent.

1.2 preparation of a rheological agent-containing liquid: adding 500mL tap water (with the hardness of about 200 ppm) into 20g of the composition, stirring uniformly, heating to boil (a wrapping liquid prepared by using corn starch needs to be boiled at high temperature to obtain the viscosity and thixotropic property, the high-temperature treatment process is the gelatinization process of the starch), keeping for 2 minutes until foam which is obviously difficult to break appears, stopping heating, adding a small amount of water to 500g, and stirring uniformly. Cooling to room temperature to obtain the wrapping liquid. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is used as a wrapping agent within 6 hours.

The viscosity data were tested as follows: 1075mpa.s at 6 rpm; at 60rpm, 265maps, thixotropic coefficient 4.06.

1.3 preparation of tilmicosin-containing coating solution: 20g of tilmicosin soluble powder is added to the liquid material containing the rheological agent, and the mixture is stirred (for example, using a stirring rod) to uniformly disperse the drug.

1.4 preparation of pellet feed with medicine coated on the surface: 40 kg of the rabbit pellet feed was placed in a mixer (fig. 1) containing auger feed, stirring was started, after which the above-mentioned wrapping liquid containing the tilmicosin was poured in 2 minutes, and stirring was continued for another 5 minutes. Before pouring the wrapping liquid, the feed dust is obvious, and the dust is obviously reduced after pouring the wrapping liquid. After the wrapping is completed, stirring is stopped, 10 samples are randomly taken, no obvious pulverization increase is observed, 10g of each sample is obtained, and the uniformity of the drug content is tested. It was found that the drug content was between 80-115% of the average value, calculated on a 10g feed, whereas the intake of a typical animal feed was much greater than 10g, so that its uniformity could meet the feeding requirements. [ reference to veterinary drug classical quality standard 2017 edition, p274 performed by content detection standard of tilmicosin soluble powder ]

Tables 1-2 relative drug content per 10g sample (ratio to average)

Numbering device	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
											Content of	82％	103％	101％	109％	99％	112％	106％	89％	104％	95％

Example 2

2.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

Lotus root starch	Maltodextrin	Bright blue	Potassium sorbate	Drier powder	Lysine
						15g	2.5g	0.5	1	1.5g	0.5

The components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain the composition containing the short rheological agent, and materials with small quantity can be mixed by adopting an auxiliary agent dilution method. The lotus root starch is used as a short rheological agent, maltodextrin is used as an auxiliary material, brilliant blue is used as a dye, potassium sorbate is used as a preservative, drier powder is used as a flowing and dampproof auxiliary agent, and lysine is used as other functional raw materials.

2.2 preparation of a rheological agent-containing liquid: 20g of the composition is added with 550mL of cold water, stirred uniformly, heated to boiling (the package prepared by using lotus root starch also needs to be boiled at high temperature to obtain the viscosity and thixotropic property of the composition), kept for 2 minutes until obvious foam which is not easy to break appears, stopped heating, and added with a small amount of water to 500g. Cooled to room temperature and used within 6 h.

Viscosity was 6rpm1400mpa.s,60rpm325 mpa.s and thixotropic coefficient 4.31. )

2.3 preparation of vitamin A-containing coating solution: 20g of classical compound premix feed (VII) high-energy quick supplement (feed additive, powder and vitamin A acetate) is added into the liquid material containing the rheological agent, and the mixture is stirred to be uniformly dispersed.

2.4 preparation of pellet feed with vitamin A coated on the surface: 40 kg of the rabbit pellet feed was placed in a mixer (model 1) containing auger feed, stirring was started, after which the above-mentioned wrapping liquid containing vitamin A acetate was poured in 1.5 minutes, and stirring was continued for another 4 minutes. Before pouring the wrapping liquid, the feed dust is obvious, and the dust is obviously reduced after pouring the wrapping liquid. After the wrapping is completed, stirring is stopped, 10 samples are randomly taken, 10 grams of each sample are taken, and the uniformity of the drug content is tested. The drug content was found to be between 80-125% of the average, calculated as 10g feed, and the uniformity was found to meet general feeding requirements. [ reference to the detection criteria of the second method, high performance liquid chromatography, appendix 0721, edition 2020, of the animal drug dictionary of the people's republic of China ]

Table 2-2 relative drug content per 10g sample (ratio to average)

Example 3

3.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. Composition of short rheology modifier containing composition:

lotus root starch	Glucose	Maltodextrin	Bright blue
				13	2.5g	2.0g	0.5

The components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain the composition containing the short rheological agent, and materials with small quantity can be mixed by adopting an auxiliary agent dilution method. Then the granules with loose structure and the diameter of about 1mm are prepared by adopting the existing granulating mode. The lotus root starch is used as a main component of the coating agent, the glucose is used as an auxiliary material, and the brilliant blue is used as a dye.

3.2 preparation of a rheological agent-containing liquid: 18g of the above composition was added to 500mL of boiling water (the lotus root starch after pelletization process may be added without boiling, but only by pouring boiling water, and the mixture may be boiled) and stirred rapidly until no distinct caking occurred. Cooled to room temperature.

The viscosity data were tested as follows: 1000mpa.s at 6 rpm; at 60rpm, 280maps, thixotropic index 3.57. The lotus root starch has a large thixotropic coefficient.

3.3 preparation of vitamin A-containing coating solution: 20g of classical compound premix feed (VII) liquid vitamin (feed additive, microemulsion, containing vitamin A acetate) is added into the liquid material containing the rheological agent, and the added material is stirred by a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.

3.4 preparation of granulated feed with vitamin A coated on the surface: 20 kg of the rabbit pellet feed was placed in a mixer (model) containing auger feed, stirring was started, after which the above-mentioned wrapping liquid was poured in over 3 minutes, and stirring was continued for another 5 minutes. After the wrapping is completed, the stirring is stopped. The color of the feed was visually observed, but the partial coating was more blue and the partial coating was less, but visually observed to be macroscopically uniform. The chalking feed was very little, even less than the chalking ratio of the uncoated treatment. The pulverization rate was measured using a 10-target quasi-sample sieve, and the undersize was compared with the total feed grain. The amount of the screened matters of the wrapped feed is 20% less than that of the original feed.

Referring to the vitamin A assay of example 2.4, it was found that the pellet feed surface coated with vitamin A was more uniform, ranging from 80 to 120% of its average value. Meets the requirement of general feeding uniformity. And the uniformity of the feed is found to be better than that of the implementation 2, the possible reasons are that the liquid dimension is liquid, the dispersion in the wrapping liquid is more uniform than that of the implementation 2, and the wrapping liquid is more than that of the feed, so that the distribution among the feeds is more uniform.

Example 4

4.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. Composition of short rheology modifier containing composition:

hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 10 ten thousand	Glucose	Bright blue
			6g	21.5g	0.5

The components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain the composition containing the short rheological agent, and materials with small quantity can be mixed by adopting an auxiliary agent dilution method. The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is used as a short rheological agent, is a non-delayed hydration type (also called instant type) without surface treatment, glucose is used as an auxiliary material, and brilliant blue is used as a dye.

4.2 preparation of a rheological agent-containing liquid: 30g of the above composition was added to 300mL of hot water at 90℃and stirred well, and then added to the remaining 700mL of room temperature water and stirred well until hydrated well. The viscosity was tested as follows: 700maps at 6 rpm; 425mpa.s at 60 rpm; thixotropic coefficient 1.64.

The non-delayed hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is preferably dispersed by hot water, and then cooled water is added for dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid, which is different from the non-pregelatinized starch substances which need to be dispersed by cold water and then boiled.

4.3 preparation of a wrapping solution containing a rabbit coccidium vaccine: 200 parts of rabbit coccidium vaccine 100 bottles (for detecting uniformity, the addition amount of the vaccine is properly increased) are added into the wrapping agent liquid material, and the mixture is fully stirred.

4.4 preparation of pellet feed with rabbit coccidium vaccine coated on the surface:

40 kg of rabbit pellet feed is placed in a stirring mixer containing an auger type feed (shown in figure 1), stirring is started, then the wrapping liquid is poured in within 3 minutes, and stirring is continued for 3 minutes, so that the feed wrapping the coccidium vaccine is obtained.

For the coated feed, 10g was randomly sampled, refer to GB/T18647-2002, animal coccidiosis diagnosis technique, refer to separation of oocysts from feces, and the oocysts adhered to the surface of the feed were isolated and detected.

The number of the oocysts is 75-125% of the average value, and compared with the drug adding process, the number of the oocysts has relatively large deviation because the loss of part of the oocysts can be caused in the treatment process, and certain errors and relatively large deviation can be caused in the counting link.

Example 5

5.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 5-1.

TABLE 5-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 10 ten thousand S
	6g

This example uses hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a short rheology modifier, which is a surface treated delayed hydration type (also known as a slow dissolving type).

5.2 preparation of a rheological agent-containing liquid: the delayed hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to 1L of water of varying hardness at room temperature, stirred thoroughly, tested for viscosity, and the hydration time was determined. The viscosity data are shown in Table 5-2 below.

TABLE 5-2 viscosity data for rheological agent containing fluids

( And (3) injection: since the viscosity measurement requires time, there may be some error in the above-mentioned time of 5 to 10 minutes, and it is considered that complete hydration is obtained within 10 minutes. )

The delayed hydration type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can be directly added into tap water at room temperature for hydration, the hydration speed is related to the water quality, the hydration speed in pure water is slower, and more than 1 hour is generally required to obtain the viscosity. For general hard water, obvious hydration and thickening conditions can be felt within 1-2 minutes after the addition, and 70-80% of final viscosity can be obtained within 3-5 minutes, and the effect of full hydration can be basically achieved within 10 minutes. However, the hydration rate is much slower with pure water, about 60-90 minutes being required to achieve substantial hydration. However, the viscosity difference was small after the hydration was complete, indicating that the viscosity after the hydration was not affected by the hardness of water. When pure water with extremely low hardness is used, the hydration speed of the wrapping agent composition is low, which is disadvantageous in practical application, but the pure water is inconvenient and has high cost in practical application scenes, and the use of common tap water, even water with high hardness such as well water, is a more convenient and cheap mode on site, so that the time-delay hydrated cellulose ether such as time-delay hydrated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is very suitable for being used on site in farms, and the time-delay hydrated cellulose ether is convenient to obtain, low in cost and wide in adaptability.

Example 6

6.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 6-1.

TABLE 6-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 10 ten thousand S	Maltodextrin	Bright blue
			2.5g	16.5g	1g

The components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain the composition containing the short rheological agent, and materials with small quantity can be mixed by adopting an auxiliary agent dilution method. Wherein, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is used as a short rheological agent, is a surface-treated delayed hydration type (also called slow dissolution type), and the maltodextrin is used as an auxiliary material, and the brilliant blue is used as a coloring agent.

6.2 preparation of vitamin A-containing liquid: firstly, 100g of vitamin composition (containing 4g of 50 ten thousand IU/g vitamin A acetate and 96g of glucose) is added into 0.5L of water (the hardness is about 200 ppm) and stirred uniformly;

6.3 preparation of wrapping liquid: 20g of the above composition was added to the above vitamin A-containing liquid and stirred thoroughly, after about 5 minutes, having been substantially hydrated, and stirring continued for 10 minutes to ensure adequate hydration.

The vitamin A powder is firstly added into water, so that the vitamin A powder can be better dispersed, and the obtained vitamin A wrapping liquid has more uniform mixing degree.

6.4 preparation of granulated feed with vitamin A coated on the surface: 20 kg of rabbit feed was taken and placed in the feed mixer as in fig. 1, and stirring was started. The coating liquid is added into the feed in 2 minutes, and stirring is continued for 2 minutes.

The surface of the sampling particles is dry and smooth, and the adhered dye is visible on the feed.

10 samples were randomly taken, each about 50 g. And then 10g of sample is taken during detection, and the vitamin A is detected by the detection method of the reference example 2, wherein the content is 80-120% of the average value, so that the intake requirement of general large-scale cultivation can be met.

Example 7

7.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 7-1.

TABLE 7-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

	Corn starch	Water-soluble starch	Lysine	Sodium benzoate	Gas silicon
						A	15g	1g	1	1	2g
B	15g	3g			2g
						C	15g

The preparation of the rheology agent-containing liquid was carried out with reference to example 1.

The results of the viscosity test of the rheology agent-containing liquid are shown in Table 7-2 below.

Table 7-2.

Rotational speed	6	12	30	60
					A	1000	637.5	380	262.5
B	875	537.5	330	240
					C	825	487.5	325	225

From the above data, it can be seen that other compositions slightly affect the viscosity data of cornstarch in the same amount, which may be related to other substances having a slight effect on the viscosity, and on the other hand, because of the need to cook, the quality may have a small error. But has little influence on the viscosity as a whole, and can be used for wrapping feed.

Example 8

8.1 compositions containing short rheology modifiers are shown in Table 8-1.

TABLE 8-1 composition of compositions containing short rheology agent

	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 10 ten thousand S	Lysine	Glucose	Maltodextrin
					A	2.5g	1g	16.5g
B	2.5g	1g		16.5g
					C	2.5g		17.5g
D	2.5g

The preparation of the rheology agent-containing liquid was carried out with reference to example 4.

The results of the viscosity test of the rheology agent-containing liquid are shown in Table 8-2 below.

Table 8-2.

Rotational speed	6	12	30	60
					A	200	250	235	187.5
B	150	137.5	120	110
					C	200	212.5	235	187.5
D	225	162.5	26.5	215

From the above data, it can be seen that the use of time-lapse hydratable HPMC, when formulated with different compositions, slightly changes its viscosity and generally does not have much thixotropic properties. But has little effect on viscosity. The viscosity can be used for suspending general medicines for short time for wrapping feed.

Example 9

9.1 effect of different rheological doses on viscosity.

Various mass of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of the time-lapse hydrated type was added to 500g of water, and the viscosity was measured after hydration was completed. The results are shown in Table 9-1.

Table 9-1.

From the above data, it can be seen that a certain ratio needs to be controlled to obtain a proper viscosity. At 60rpm, the viscosity is lower than 650maps, which is easier to transfer during packaging, but too low a suspension is too poor, generally higher than 93.5, which can meet the general suspension requirements during packaging liquid formulation and pouring. Too high a viscosity can have a detrimental effect on transfer.

Products of the same viscosity designation were also found to have differences in viscosity between the untreated (non-delayed) and delayed hydrated forms at the same level, which may also be caused by differences between different batches of product.

Comparative example 1

Brown sugar water is used as the wrapping liquid.

Preparation of the wrapping liquid: 500g of brown sugar and 0.5g of brilliant blue are added into 0.6L of tap water at room temperature, and the solution is stirred and boiled for 2 min.

The coating liquid is used as coating liquid, the coating liquid is coated on the surface of the granular rabbit feed by referring to the method of the embodiment 6, and the obtained granular rabbit feed with the coating liquid coated on the surface has no obvious feed pulverization phenomenon, and the uniformity degree is similar to that of the coating feed of the embodiment 6. The feed pulverization rate was close to that of example 6. However, the sweet taste of the feed can cause addiction, is unfavorable for the whole-range feeding, and has much higher cost.

Comparative example 2

Directly using water as a coating agent.

When water was used as a coating agent and coated on the surface of the granulated rabbit feed according to the method of example 6, the pulverization phenomenon of the granulated feed was found to be serious as compared with example 6, and the pulverization rate was about three times or more as high as that of example 6. This powdering is very disadvantageous in the case where rabbits do not like to eat the powdered feed.

Comparative example 3

A coating solution (6 rpm955maps,60rpm 270 maps) having a viscosity similar to that of example 1 was prepared using 1.4g of sodium polyacrylate with long rheology to 500mL of water. The feed is wrapped in a mode similar to 1.4 without adding medicines, and the phenomenon that after pouring, adhesion occurs among feed particles due to the long-rheology wiredrawing phenomenon, the feed liquid is difficult to transfer, and the situation that a plurality of feeds are adhered together occurs, so that the feed is not suitable for wrapping the feeds.

The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. All simple, equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and the specification of this application fall within the scope of the patent claims. The present invention is not described in detail in the conventional art.

Claims

1. A method for the in situ preparation of a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed, the method comprising the steps of:

wherein the short rheology modifier is selected from the group consisting of starch-based materials and/or modified starch materials, cellulose-based materials and/or modified cellulose materials, or combinations thereof.

2. The method of on-site preparation of a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical is selected from a chemical and/or biological drug, and/or

The shape of the hard pellet feed is cylindrical or spherical, and the average size of the cylindrical feed is the diameter (2 mm-5 mm) multiplied by the length (5 mm-20 mm); the particle size of the spherical pellet feed is 2-8 mm.

3. The method of on-site preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 2, wherein the biological drug is selected from the group consisting of vaccine, preferably the vaccine is a live coccidium vaccine, selected from the group consisting of live coccidium vaccine, live bovine coccidium vaccine, live chicken coccidium vaccine, live duck coccidium vaccine, live goose coccidium vaccine, live rabbit coccidium vaccine, live cat coccidium vaccine, live dog coccidium vaccine or live guinea pig coccidium vaccine, and/or

The hard pellet feed is selected from the group consisting of pig pellet feed, cow pellet feed, sheep pellet feed, chicken pellet feed, duck pellet feed, goose pellet feed, rabbit pellet feed, cat pellet feed, dog pellet feed, and guinea pig pellet feed.

4. The method of on-site preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the short rheology modifier in the coating liquid is present in an amount of 0.2-30%, more preferably 0.4-20%, and/or by mass

The mass content of the medicine and/or the additive in the wrapping liquid is 0.2-40%, more preferably 0.5-20%, and/or

The viscosity of the coating liquid is 100mpa.s to 4000mpa.s at 6rpm, more preferably 200mpa.s to 3000mpa.s at 6rpm, most preferably 300 to 2000mpa.s.

5. The method of on-site preparation of a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the pellet feed and the coating liquid is 100:10-0.5.

6. The method of preparing a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed in situ according to claim 1, wherein providing a coating fluid comprising a short rheology modifier, a pharmaceutical and/or additive comprises the steps of:

7. The method of preparing a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed in situ according to claim 1, wherein providing a coating fluid comprising a short rheology modifier, a pharmaceutical and/or additive comprises the steps of:

(2) Adding the short rheology modifier to the drug and/or additive containing liquid to obtain the wrapping liquid containing the short rheology modifier, drug and/or additive.

8. The method of on-site preparation of a surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein the starch-based material is selected from lotus root starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, mung bean starch, tapioca starch, sweet potato starch, water chestnut starch, glutinous rice flour, or a combination thereof, and/or

The modified starch material is selected from pregelatinized lotus root starch, pregelatinized corn starch, pregelatinized potato starch, pregelatinized wheat starch, pregelatinized mung bean starch, pregelatinized tapioca starch, pregelatinized sweet potato starch, pregelatinized water chestnut starch, pregelatinized glutinous rice flour, pregelatinized flour, or a combination thereof, and/or the cellulosic material is selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, or a combination thereof, and/or

The modified cellulosic material is selected from modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, modified hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, modified hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, modified methyl cellulose, or combinations thereof.

9. The method of on-site preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein the short rheology modifier is selected from lotus root starch, pregelatinized lotus root starch or delayed hydration hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

10. The method of on-site preparation of surface-coated pharmaceutical and/or additive pellet feed according to claim 1, wherein the coating fluid is formulated from a short rheology modifier or a composition containing a short rheology modifier, which may further comprise a flowability regulator, a pigment indicator, a functional component, an adjuvant, or a combination thereof.