CN117223306A - Apparatus and method for packet-switched communication of traffic participants - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for packet-switched communication of traffic participants Download PDFInfo
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- CN117223306A CN117223306A CN202280029921.3A CN202280029921A CN117223306A CN 117223306 A CN117223306 A CN 117223306A CN 202280029921 A CN202280029921 A CN 202280029921A CN 117223306 A CN117223306 A CN 117223306A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012913 prioritisation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
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- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Device and method for packet-switched communication of a traffic participant (100), wherein information about the environment of the traffic participant (100) is obtained, in particular with at least one sensor (108, 116) and/or a communication means (120) of the traffic participant (100), wherein a situation in the environment of the traffic participant (100) is determined by means of a model (110) as a function of the information, wherein at least one channel (114) is allocated as a function of the situation for transmitting at least one data packet of a message to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for packet-switched communications of traffic participants.
Background
Multiple connections are a design for packet-switched communications in which different channels are used for communication that are available to the traffic participants.
Disclosure of Invention
The apparatus and method of independent claims is a message schedule that assigns a message a channel or channels for transmission.
The method for packet-switched communication of traffic participants provides for: in particular, information about the environment of the traffic participant is obtained with at least one sensor and/or at least one communication device of the traffic participant, wherein a situation in the environment of the traffic participant is determined by means of a model from the information, in particular from the content of the information, wherein, depending on the situation, at least one channel is allocated for transmitting at least one data packet of a message to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner. Thus, for communication of different messages, resources of different channels are allocated separately for different transmission stations. This significantly improves the performance of the communication, e.g. due to better packet reception, and/or significantly improves the performance of the communication-based application.
The model may be a local environment model (local environmental model) or a global environment model, preferably a global environment model enriched with V2X information (V2X extended global environment model (V2X-extended global environmental model)). The model is based on sensor data of sensors of the traffic participant itself and/or outside the traffic participant, which are provided, for example, by means of V2X communication. The model may comprise sensor raw data, in particular of a plurality of sensors, and/or evaluated, in particular fused, sensor data. The model may be part of a device Layer (Facility Layer).
The condition in the context of the traffic participant may be a current, future or predicted or past condition in the context of the traffic participant or a state in the context of the traffic participant. The situation may be a traffic situation, for example, a traffic situation with respect to other traffic participants. The situation may be the situation or the state of one or more communication connections, in particular V2X connections, of the traffic participant. Preferably, provision is made for: selecting a random channel or a channel having a lower quality relative to other channels from a plurality of channels for packet-switched communication for transmitting the message according to the priority of the message and according to at least one estimate of the quality of the channel from the plurality of channels; or selecting a channel having a higher quality relative to other channels from the plurality of channels; or selecting at least two channels from the plurality of channels for substantially parallel transmission of data packets of the same message. This improves the quality of service (Quality ofService) when sending vehicle-to-everything (vehicle to everything), i.e. V2X messages.
The quality of the channel is preferably estimated from the load of the channel and/or the packet round trip time and/or the packet delivery rate and/or the historical course of the quality of the channel and/or the location of other traffic participants, among other things. The quality of the corresponding channel varies continuously in the traffic flow. The assignment based on this estimate of quality is particularly well suited to assigning channels to messages to be sent to other traffic participants.
The priority of the message is preferably determined or estimated by a service that is independent of the hardware used for packet-switched communications. This simplifies integration with conventional protocol stacks.
Each service may be assigned one or more types of messages, such as a collaborative positioning message (Collaborative Localization Message, CLM), a decentralized environment notification message (DecentralizedEnvironmentalNotification Message, denom), collaborative awareness information (Cooperative Awareness Message, CAM), or a collective awareness message (Collective Perception Message, CPM).
It may be provided that: the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to the application sending the message; and/or the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to the content of the message; and/or the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to the situation. In V2X communication, different situations or applications require different reliability or priority at the time of transmission. By this prioritization, a particularly well-suited assignment of channel-to-message to V2X communication is achieved, regardless of the underlying protocol stack.
Preferably, the priority is determined from a particularly weighted sum or a particularly weighted product of the specified or predetermined priorities.
It may be provided that: the priority is determined based on the maximum tolerable or minimum tolerable latency or transmission reliability assigned to the application.
Preferably, at least one data packet of the message is transmitted via a channel assigned to the message or channels assigned thereto. Preferably, the scheduling is performed for the message as a whole. Each data packet is transmitted on the channel assigned to the message.
An apparatus for packet-switched communication of a traffic participant comprising: an interface which is designed to obtain information about the environment of the traffic participant, in particular from at least one device, in particular at least one sensor of the traffic participant and/or at least one communication device; a model designed to determine conditions in the environment of the traffic participant based on the information; and a scheduler designed to assign at least one channel for transmitting at least one data packet of a message to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner, depending on the situation.
Drawings
Other advantageous embodiments emerge from the following description and the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a portion of a vehicle;
fig. 2 shows the working principle of a scheduler;
fig. 3 shows steps in a method for communication in a vehicle.
Detailed Description
In the following description, a vehicle is described as an example of a traffic participant. The traffic participant may also be a unit of a traffic infrastructure or a unit carried by a person involved in traffic. In this case, the unit is designed as described for the vehicle.
A vehicle 100 is schematically illustrated in fig. 1. The structure of the vehicle 100 is described below. In this example, the vehicle 100 is designed for communication with another vehicle 102. Hereinafter, a schematic structure of a part of the vehicle 100 and the other vehicle 102 is described in terms of the vehicle 100.
The vehicle 100 includes a device 104 for packet-switched communications.
The device 104 comprises an interface 106 designed to: in particular, information about the environment of the vehicle 100 is detected from at least one sensor 108 and/or at least one communication device of the vehicle 100. The at least one sensor 108 may be a radar sensor, a LiDAR sensor, or a camera. A plurality of these sensors may also be used. Additionally or if no sensor 108 is present, the communication device may be used to receive information about the environment of the vehicle 100. Information about the environment of the vehicle 100 may also be provided via another information interface.
The device 104 includes a model 110 designed to: from this information, the situation in the environment of the vehicle 100 is determined.
The device comprises a scheduler 112, which is designed to: at least one channel 114 is allocated according to this situation for transmitting at least one data packet of a message to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner. In this context, a message refers to a message for vehicle-to-vehicle communication or for vehicle-to-infrastructure communication or for vehicle-to-person communication or for vehicle-to-network communication. In this example, the message is a V2X message. In the case of V2X communication, V2I communication, i.e. communication with the traffic infrastructure, may also be included. This means: the message is sent by the vehicle 100 either to another vehicle or to an element of the traffic infrastructure. The message may also be sent to more than one vehicle, to more than one person, and/or to more than one element of the traffic infrastructure. The message may also be sent as a broadcast. The medium of the at least one channel 114 is air. The communication may be in accordance with the V2X standard, for example via WLAN IEEE 802.11p, 802.11bd, 3GPP C-V2X, or 5G NR V2X.
The device 104 or the vehicle 100 may comprise a further sensor 116, which is designed to determine the position of the vehicle 100. The model 110 may be designed to: this is determined according to the position of the vehicle 100. The sensor 116 may be an integrated acceleration sensor, yaw rate sensor, speed sensor, or a sensor for signals of a global satellite navigation system. A plurality of these sensors may be provided.
The device 104 includes an application 118. The application 118 is designed to: depending on the situation, a message is generated that is to be transmitted from the vehicle 100 to another vehicle 102 or other traffic participant from the traffic infrastructure.
The device 104 may include a service designed to: the priority of the message is determined or estimated. In this example, the priority includes at least one parameter. The parameter is defined, for example, in terms of a maximum tolerated latency or a minimum tolerated transmission reliability.
The apparatus 104 includes a communication device 120. The communication device 120 is designed to: the message is transmitted on at least one channel 114 assigned to the message by the scheduler 112. The message received or transmitted by the communication device 120 may itself include information about the environment of the vehicle 100 and/or may be an input parameter of the model 110. The communication device 120 is designed to: information about the quality of the at least one channel 114 is determined or estimated.
The scheduler 112 is designed to: this is received from the model 110 and information about the quality of the at least one channel 114 is received. The scheduler 112 is designed to: based on this situation and this information, a message is assigned to at least one channel 114.
In this example, a protocol stack is provided that is structured from the application layer towards the physical layer as follows:
application layer
Vehicle communication layer (V2X Messages)
Transport layer (TCP/UDP)
Network/data cladding (IPv 6)
Data link layer (MAC, MAC extension)
Physical layer (PHY).
In this non-exhaustive list, examples of protocols that may be used, in particular, in the respective layers are illustrated in brackets. The transport layer and network/data cladding may also include basic transport protocols (Basic Transport Protocol, BTP) and geographical network protocols (GeoNetworking Protokoll).
The application program 118 is arranged in an application layer. V2X messages refer to a protocol for prioritizing messages to be generated by the application 118 and sent from the vehicle 100 to another vehicle 102 or to other elements of the traffic infrastructure. In this example, the service is arranged in the vehicle communication layer and is independent of the hardware used for packet-switched communication.
In this example, the application layer and the vehicle communication layer are used to generate messages and estimate or determine priorities assigned to the respective messages. In this example, the physical layer and the data link layer are used for providing, access control and monitoring of the communication channel. Other layers are used for packet switched transport and routing.
The working principle of the scheduler 112 is schematically shown in fig. 2.
Scheduler 112 receives a priority 202 of the message on the one hand and an estimate 204 of the quality of at least one channel 114 on the other hand. Scheduler 112 determines a dispatch decision 206 for the message based on the priority 202 and the estimate 204.
In this example, dispatch decision 206 is determined in a method for communication in a vehicle, which is described below in terms of fig. 3.
Scheduler 112 receives priority 202 of the message on the one hand and an estimate 204 of the quality of the at least one channel 114 on the other hand.
Step 302 is performed in case the priority is higher relative to the priority of the further message, based on a comparison of the priority 202 with at least one priority of the further message. Otherwise, a dispatch decision is made in step 304.
In step 304, the message is assigned a channel from among a plurality of channels available for communication, either randomly selected from among the plurality of channels, or of lower quality relative to one or more other channels from among the plurality of channels.
After the assignment decision in step 304, at least one data packet of the message is transmitted via the channel assigned to the data packet. In this example, the message is transmitted entirely via the channel.
In step 302, it is checked according to this situation: whether high reliability of data transmission is required. If high reliability is required, step 306 is performed. Otherwise, step 308 is performed.
In step 306, at least two channels are selected from the plurality of channels available for communication, the at least two channels having a higher quality relative to one or more other channels of the plurality of channels available for communication.
After the assignment decision in step 306, at least one data packet of the message is transmitted via the channel assigned to the data packet. In this example, the message is assigned to two channels and transmitted substantially in parallel via the two channels.
In step 308, a channel is selected from a plurality of channels available for communication, the channel having a higher quality relative to one or more other channels of the plurality of channels available for communication.
After the assignment decision in step 308, at least one data packet of the message is transmitted via the channel assigned to the data packet. In this example, the message is transmitted entirely via the channel.
Instead of a relative comparison of quality and/or priority, a comparison with a corresponding threshold value may also be provided.
The quality of the respective channel is determined, for example, in accordance with the load, the packet round trip time and/or the packet delivery rate of the respective channel.
The quality of the respective channel is determined, for example, from a historical course of change in the quality of the respective channel.
The quality of the respective channel is estimated, for example, from, inter alia, the position of the other vehicle.
In this example, the priority of the message is determined or estimated by the service. The service is independent of the hardware used for packet-switched communications. The priority of a message for a particular application is determined, for example, based on the maximum or minimum tolerable latency or transmission reliability assigned to the application. For example, V2X service types are assigned priorities based on whether the message is a collaborative positioning message (Collaborative Localization Message, CLM), a decentralized environment notification message (Decentralized Environmental NotificationMessage, DENM), a collaborative awareness information (Cooperative Awareness Message, CAM), or a collective awareness message (Collective Perception Message, CPM). In this example, the CPM is used to exchange information about disadvantaged traffic participants between the traffic participants. Instead of being used for CAM, the method can also be used for Basic secure messages (Basic SafetyMessages, BSMs). In this example, denom is used to exchange information between traffic participants regarding the location of dead animals on a road. In this example, CLM is used to exchange information between traffic participants regarding location from a satellite navigation system. For example, the priority p is assigned as follows: p (CPM) =0.75 p (CAM) =0.5 p (denom).
For example, an application sending a message is assigned a specified priority. For example, the content of the message is assigned a specified priority. For example, the situation is assigned a priority. For example, p (CLM) is smaller in the open than when the traffic participant is in a residential canyonAnd (3) time (h).
In this example, the priority is determined according to one of the specified priorities, a plurality of the specified priorities, or the specified priorities. For example, a particularly weighted sum or particularly weighted product of the specified priorities used is determined.
Claims (9)
1. Method for packet-switched communication of a traffic participant (100), characterized in that information about the environment of the traffic participant (100) is obtained, in particular with at least one sensor (108, 116) and/or at least one communication device (120) of the traffic participant (100), wherein a situation in the environment of the traffic participant (100) is determined by means of a model (110) as a function of the information, wherein at least one channel (114) is allocated (304, 306, 308) for transmitting at least one data packet of a message to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner as a function of the situation.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by selecting (304) a random channel or a channel having a lower quality than other channels from the plurality of channels for transmitting the message according to the priority of the message and according to at least one estimate of the quality of the channel from the plurality of channels for packet switched communication; or selecting (308) a channel having a higher quality relative to other channels from the plurality of channels; or selecting (306) at least two channels from the plurality of channels for substantially parallel transmission of data packets of the same message.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the quality of the channel is estimated from the load of the channel and/or the packet round trip time and/or the packet delivery rate and/or the historical course of the quality of the channel and/or the position of other traffic participants in particular.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the priority of the message is determined or estimated by a service, which is independent of the hardware used for packet-switched communication.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to an application sending the message; and/or the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to the content of the message; and/or the priority is determined according to a specified or predetermined priority assigned to the situation.
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the priority is determined from especially a weighted sum or especially a weighted product of these specified or predetermined priorities.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the priority is determined according to the maximum or minimum tolerable latency or transmission reliability assigned to an application.
8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one data packet of the message is transmitted via a channel assigned to the message or channels assigned thereto.
9. An apparatus (104) for packet-switched communication of a traffic participant (100), characterized in that the apparatus (104) comprises an interface (106) designed to obtain information about the environment of the traffic participant (104), in particular from at least one sensor (108) and/or at least one communication device (120) of the traffic participant (104), wherein the apparatus comprises a model (110) designed to determine a situation in the environment of the traffic participant (100) from the information, wherein the apparatus comprises a scheduler (112) designed to assign at least one channel (114) for transmitting at least one channel of messages to be transmitted in a packet-switched manner, depending on the situation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021203975.8 | 2021-04-21 | ||
| DE102021203975.8A DE102021203975A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2021-04-21 | Device and method for packet-switched communication of a road user |
| PCT/EP2022/060440 WO2022223632A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2022-04-20 | Device and method for a packet-switch communication of a traffic participant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117223306A true CN117223306A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280029921.3A Pending CN117223306A (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2022-04-20 | Apparatus and method for packet-switched communication of traffic participants |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117223306A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102021203975A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022223632A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3273634A1 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-24 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America | Improved support of quality of service for v2x transmissions |
| JP6961793B2 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-11-05 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティドLg Electronics Inc. | Methods and devices for mapping TC and PPPP in wireless communication systems |
| EP3996426A4 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2023-08-02 | LG Electronics Inc. | Ue operation method related to sidelink drx in wireless communication system |
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2021
- 2021-04-21 DE DE102021203975.8A patent/DE102021203975A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-20 WO PCT/EP2022/060440 patent/WO2022223632A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-04-20 CN CN202280029921.3A patent/CN117223306A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021203975A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
| WO2022223632A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
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