CN117220123A - All-fiber tunable middle infrared single-frequency pulse laser - Google Patents
All-fiber tunable middle infrared single-frequency pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
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- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The application relates to an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser, which comprises: broadband fiber bragg grating, rare earth ion highly doped fiber, nonlinear crystal fiber, narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, first temperature control furnace, second temperature control furnace, third temperature control furnace, pumping source, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, third wavelength division multiplexer, polarization maintaining filter and polarization maintaining isolator. The adoption of the laser can improve the tuning precision and the tuning rate performance of the mid-red laser.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to an all-fiber tunable middle-infrared single-frequency pulse laser.
Background
The mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser works in a mid-infrared band, has the advantages of narrow output spectral line width, low noise, high peak power and the like, and has wide application value in the fields of remote sensing detection, precise measurement, atmospheric environment monitoring, medical diagnosis and treatment, laser guidance, military infrared countermeasure and the like.
Because the mid-infrared band lacks an effective laser working medium, laser is difficult to directly generate, so that optical parametric oscillation based on a nonlinear frequency conversion technology is a main means for obtaining the band laser source.
However, the technology is adopted to realize the output of the mid-infrared tunable laser, and has the problems of low tuning precision, slow tuning speed and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser capable of improving the tuning accuracy and tuning rate performance of mid-infrared laser.
The application provides an all-fiber tunable middle infrared single-frequency pulse laser, which comprises: broadband fiber bragg grating, rare earth ion highly doped fiber, nonlinear crystal fiber, narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, first temperature control furnace, second temperature control furnace, third temperature control furnace, pumping source, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, third wavelength division multiplexer, polarization maintaining filter and polarization maintaining isolator; the tail fiber of the pumping source is connected with the pumping end of a first wavelength division multiplexer, the public end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the two ends of a broadband fiber grating, the two ends of a rare earth ion highly doped fiber, the two ends of a nonlinear crystal fiber and one end of a narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating are sequentially connected to form a short resonant cavity, the other end of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating, the public end of a second wavelength division multiplexer and a signal end, the public end of a third wavelength division multiplexer and the signal end, the two ends of a polarization maintaining filter and the input end of a polarization maintaining isolator are sequentially connected, the first piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the side surface of the broadband fiber grating, the second piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating, the first temperature control furnace is fixed on the other side surface of the broadband fiber grating, the second temperature control furnace is fixed on the other side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating, and the third temperature control furnace is fixed on the side surface of the nonlinear crystal fiber;
the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber generates fundamental frequency light with the wavelength of 1.06 mu m under the action of the pumping light; the first temperature control furnace is used for controlling the temperature of the broadband fiber bragg grating, the second temperature control furnace is used for controlling the temperature of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, the first piezoelectric ceramic is used for controlling the stress loaded on the broadband fiber bragg grating, and the second piezoelectric ceramic is used for controlling the stress loaded on the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating so as to realize tuning and Q-switching of fundamental frequency light; the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is used for converting fundamental frequency light into signal light with the wavelength of 1.5-1.6 mu m and idler frequency light with the wavelength of 3-5 mu m, and the third temperature control furnace is used for controlling the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber so as to realize a phase matching state; the idler frequency light sequentially passes through the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer, the polarization maintaining filter and the polarization maintaining isolator to be emitted.
In one embodiment, the transmittance of the broadband fiber grating to the pump light is greater than or equal to 90%, and the reflectances to the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the idler frequency light are all greater than or equal to 90%.
In one embodiment, the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber is fiber core uniformly doped with high-concentration ytterbium or neodymium, the gain coefficient of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber to the unit length of fundamental frequency light is more than 1dB/cm, and the length of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber is 0.1-10 cm.
In one embodiment, the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is a single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal or potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, the polarization period of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is 25-35 mu m, the diameter is 50-1500 mu m, and the length is 0.1-10 cm; the two ends of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber are plated with a plurality of layers of antireflection films, and the reflectivity of the multilayer antireflection films to pump light, fundamental frequency light, signal light and idler frequency light is less than or equal to 5%.
In one embodiment, the transmissivity of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating to the fundamental frequency light and the signal light is 5-70%; the transmissivity of the pump light and the idler light is more than or equal to 90 percent.
In one embodiment, the first piezoelectric ceramic is used for applying a transverse pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the broadband fiber bragg grating, and the unit voltage displacement of the first piezoelectric ceramic is greater than or equal to 20 μm/200V.
In one embodiment, the second piezoelectric ceramic is used for applying a transverse pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating, and the unit voltage displacement of the second piezoelectric ceramic is less than or equal to 1 μm/200V.
In one embodiment, the temperature control ranges of the first temperature control furnace, the second temperature control furnace and the third temperature control furnace are respectively-20-300 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-0.05 ℃.
In one embodiment, the working wavelength of the pumping end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is 910-980 nm, and the working wavelength of the signal end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is 1.06 mu m, 1.5-1.6 mu m and 3-5 mu m; the working wavelength of the pumping end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is 1.06 mu m, and the working wavelength of the signal end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is 1.5-1.6 mu m and 3-5 mu m.
In one embodiment, the polarization maintaining filter is a bandpass filter, and the working wavelength of the polarization maintaining filter is 3-5 μm.
The medium all-fiber tunable medium infrared single-frequency pulse laser has at least the following beneficial effects:
the application relates to an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser, which comprises: broadband fiber bragg grating, rare earth ion highly doped fiber, nonlinear crystal fiber, narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, first temperature control furnace, second temperature control furnace, third temperature control furnace, pumping source, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, third wavelength division multiplexer, polarization maintaining filter and polarization maintaining isolator. The method comprises the steps of adopting a short resonant cavity to actively tune Q, tune frequency and an inner cavity optical parametric oscillation structure to cooperatively regulate and control stress and temperature loaded on a fiber bragg grating, and obtaining linear polarization fundamental frequency light in a tunable and Q-tuning pulse state; placing the crystal optical fiber in a cavity under high power density, and improving the tuning performance and conversion efficiency of 3-5 mu m idler frequency light; in addition, the short cavity is combined with an all-fiber link, so that single-frequency stable operation of the laser is guaranteed, tuning bandwidth of the middle infrared laser pulse is more than or equal to 200GHz, tuning accuracy is less than or equal to 10MHz, tuning speed is 1 kHz-1 MHz, line width is less than or equal to 10kHz, peak power is more than or equal to 100W, and output of the middle infrared single-frequency pulse laser is achieved under the filtering action of the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer, the polarization maintaining filter and the polarization maintaining isolator.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments or the conventional techniques of the present application, the drawings required for the descriptions of the embodiments or the conventional techniques will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of idler light, signal light tuning range versus fundamental light tuning range in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Embodiments of the application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that the terms first, second, etc. as used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element.
Spatially relative terms, such as "under", "below", "beneath", "under", "above", "over" and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use and operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "under" or "beneath" other elements would then be oriented "on" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "below" and "under" may include both an upper and a lower orientation. Furthermore, the device may also include an additional orientation (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. Further, "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", and the like if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between objects to be connected.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and/or the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.
As described in the background art, the infrared single-frequency pulse laser in the range of 3-5 μm has the advantages of narrow output spectral line width, low noise, high peak power and the like, and the wave band is positioned at an atmospheric window and covers the characteristic absorption peaks ("molecular fingerprint areas") of a plurality of molecules, so that the infrared single-frequency pulse laser has wide application value in the fields of remote sensing detection, precise measurement, atmospheric environment monitoring, medical diagnosis and treatment, laser guidance, military infrared countermeasure and the like. However, since the 3-5 μm band lacks an effective laser working medium, it is difficult to directly generate laser light, so that Optical Parametric Oscillation (OPO) based on a nonlinear frequency conversion technique is a main means for obtaining a laser light source of the band.
Current tunable mid-infrared laser research work is mainly focused on: the tunable laser output is realized by adopting OPO technology of pumping of a wide-spectrum (spectral line width sub-nm level) solid laser or an optical fiber laser outer cavity and combining tuning measures such as period, temperature and the like of a nonlinear crystal. Such as neodymium: YVO 4 The nanosecond solid laser pumps periodic polarization lithium niobate crystal (PPLN), which realizes the output of middle infrared pulse laser with the tuning range of 2.2-4.8 mu m; or based on neodymium: YVO 4 The inner cavity OPO of the solid laser realizes the medium infrared continuous laser output with the tuning range of 2.25-4.79 mu m by utilizing the period and temperature tuning of the multi-period PPLN. However, the mechanical mode for simply controlling the position (changing the polarization period) and the matching temperature of the PPLN results in low tuning accuracy, slow tuning speed and the like of the laser, and the laser has a free space structure, large volume and poor system stability.
Based on the reasons, the application provides an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser to overcome the defects of low tuning precision, slow tuning speed, wide spectral line width, complex device structure, poor system stability and the like of the traditional tunable mid-infrared laser.
In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the present application provides an all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single frequency pulse laser comprising: the device comprises a broadband fiber bragg grating 1, a rare earth ion highly doped fiber 2, a nonlinear crystal fiber 3, a narrow-band polarization-maintaining fiber bragg grating 4, a first piezoelectric ceramic 5, a second piezoelectric ceramic 6, a first temperature control furnace 7, a second temperature control furnace 8, a third temperature control furnace 9, a pumping source 10, a first wavelength division multiplexer 11, a second wavelength division multiplexer 12, a third wavelength division multiplexer 13, a polarization-maintaining filter 14 and a polarization-maintaining isolator 15; the tail fiber of the pump source 10 is connected with the pump end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 11, the public end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 11, the two ends of the broadband fiber grating 1, the two ends of the rare earth ion highly doped fiber 2, the two ends of the nonlinear crystal fiber 3 and one end of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 are sequentially connected to form a short resonant cavity, the other end of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4, the public end and the signal end of the second wavelength division multiplexer 12, the public end and the signal end of the third wavelength division multiplexer 13, the two ends of the polarization maintaining filter 14 and the input end of the polarization maintaining isolator 15 are sequentially connected, the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 is fixed on the side surface of the broadband fiber grating 1, the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 is fixed on the side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4, the first temperature control furnace 7 is fixed on the other side surface of the broadband fiber grating 1, the second temperature control furnace 8 is fixed on the other side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4, and the third temperature control furnace 9 is fixed on the side surface of the nonlinear crystal fiber 3;
the pump source 10 is used for outputting pump light with the wavelength of 910-980 nm, and the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 generates fundamental frequency light with the wavelength of 1.06 mu m under the action of the pump light; the first temperature control furnace 7 is used for controlling the temperature of the broadband fiber bragg grating 1, the second temperature control furnace 8 is used for controlling the temperature of the narrow-band polarization-maintaining fiber bragg grating 4, the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 is used for controlling the stress loaded on the broadband fiber bragg grating 1, and the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 is used for controlling the stress loaded on the narrow-band polarization-maintaining fiber bragg grating 4 so as to realize tuning and Q-switching of fundamental frequency light; the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is used for converting fundamental frequency light into signal light with the wavelength of 1.5-1.6 mu m and idler frequency light with the wavelength of 3-5 mu m, and the third temperature control furnace 9 is used for controlling the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 so as to realize a phase matching state; the idler light sequentially passes through the second wavelength division multiplexer 12, the third wavelength division multiplexer 13, the polarization maintaining filter 14 and the polarization maintaining isolator 15 to be emitted.
The broadband fiber bragg grating 1 is an optical fiber structure with relatively wide bandwidth and periodic refractive index change, and is used for introducing a frequency selective coupling effect of light into an optical fiber, so that wavelength selection of the light can be realized. The rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 is a gain fiber material in which rare earth luminescent ions are doped, which ions are capable of completing the process of emitting light based on stimulated radiation in the optical fiber, thereby achieving gain amplification of light. The nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is a crystal material having nonlinear optical characteristics and an optical fiber waveguide structure, and when an optical signal is transmitted therein, nonlinear effects such as frequency multiplication, optical parametric oscillation, optical parametric amplification and the like of the light occur, and can be used for generating new optical frequency components, namely, a frequency conversion process. The narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 is a fiber grating with narrow bandwidth and polarization maintaining performance, and is used for introducing a frequency selective coupling effect of light into the fiber and keeping the polarization state of the light unchanged. The first piezoelectric ceramic 5 and the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 can change the refractive index distribution and reflection peak in the fiber grating by changing the stress loaded on the fiber grating, thereby realizing the frequency selection of light. The first temperature control furnace 7, the second temperature control furnace 8 and the third temperature control furnace 9 refer to a device for controlling the temperature of the fiber grating or the nonlinear crystal fiber 3, and the refractive index (reflection peak) and the working temperature of the crystal are changed by adjusting the temperature of the fiber grating and the nonlinear crystal fiber 3, so that the frequency selection of light and the phase matching of the crystal are realized, and the temperature can be controlled by heating or cooling to meet specific application requirements. The pump source 10 may be a single-mode semiconductor laser adopting a forward pumping mode, and has an operating wavelength of 980nm and an output power of 750mW. The first wavelength division multiplexer 11 is a device that combines pump light and signal light having different wavelengths into one beam and transmits the beam along a single optical fiber. The first wavelength division multiplexer 11 can effectively couple the pump light generated by the pump source 10 into the short resonant cavity, minimize loss and reflection of the pump light, thereby improving coupling efficiency and maintaining stability and quality of the pump light. The second wavelength division multiplexer 12 and the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 may refer to a filtering device for filtering light within a predetermined frequency band. The polarization maintaining filter 14 is a birefringent filter, and can only pass light of one polarization perpendicular to the light propagation direction, for example, can be used for filtering noise and stray light in a laser, increasing the side-mode suppression ratio, improving the beam quality, expanding the bandwidth of the laser, and the like. The polarization maintaining isolator 15 is an optical device composed of a polarizing beam splitter and an optical isolator for maintaining the polarization state of an optical signal and preventing the back transmission of a reflected optical signal.
Illustratively, a short linear cavity and inner cavity OPO structure consisting of a rare-earth ion highly doped fiber 2, a fiber grating pair (broadband fiber grating 1 and narrowband polarization maintaining fiber grating 4) and a nonlinear crystal fiber 3 is employed. The high-doped rare earth ion fiber 2 and the nonlinear crystal fiber 3 with the length of cm are respectively used as a laser working medium and a nonlinear frequency conversion medium, the broadband fiber grating 1 and the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 which are simultaneously provided with piezoelectric ceramics and a temperature control furnace are respectively used as front and rear cavity mirrors, and an active Q and frequency modulation function part is formed by the fiber grating pair, the piezoelectric ceramics and the temperature control furnace. Specifically, firstly, under the continuous pumping of a pumping source 10 and the frequency selection of a fiber grating pair, rare earth luminescent ions in the fiber core of a rare earth ion highly doped fiber 2 generate particle number inversion, stimulated radiation fundamental frequency light is generated, and under the feedback action of a front cavity mirror and a rear cavity mirror, the fundamental frequency light with the size of 1.06 mu m oscillates back and forth for multiple times and is amplified for multiple times; due to the short linear cavity structure, the longitudinal mode interval in the cavity can reach GHz level, and when the 3dB reflection spectrum of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 is as narrow as tens of picometers, only a single longitudinal mode exists in the resonant cavity, so that the high-power single-frequency 1.06 mu m fundamental frequency light operation is realized.
Further, by loading direct-current bias voltage on the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 and the second piezoelectric ceramic 6, the device is controlled to apply transverse tension or longitudinal pressure to the fiber grating pair, and the working temperature of the fiber grating pair is controlled through the first temperature control furnace 7 and the second temperature control furnace 8; when the overlapping position of the reflection peak corresponding to the slow axis of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 and the reflection peak of the broadband fiber grating 1 is in any state lambda 1 At this time, the corresponding output laser working wavelength is lambda 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on the above adjustment, the operating temperatures of the first temperature-controlled furnace 7 and the second temperature-controlled furnace 8 can be adjusted to make the overlapping position of the reflection peaks be lambda 2 、λ 3 、……λ n Can correspondingly output laser with the working wavelength lambda 2 、λ 3 、……λ n The tunable linear polarization 1.06 mu m fundamental frequency light can be realized by continuously and synchronously changing the overlapping positions of reflection peaks of the fiber bragg grating pairs. Considering the adjusting effect of the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 and the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 on the cavity length of the resonant cavity (i.e. the cavity structure formed by the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 and the fiber bragg grating pair), it can be known that the laser resonant frequency and the resonant cavity length form a certain corresponding relationship, and the change of the longitudinal mode interval deltav of the laser resonant frequency and the resonant cavity length deltal satisfies a simple relational expression: Δν/ν=k×Δl/L, where k is a scaling factor, the value of which is typically close to 1, where the frequency (wavelength) tuning bandwidth is equal to the longitudinal mode spacing of the resonator. In one embodiment of the present application, in one embodiment,the length of the short resonant cavity is generally controlled to be about 2cm, and the value L=2×10 -2 m and k=1, assuming fundamental light wavelengths of 1064nm (v=2.82×10 5 GHz), when Δl=14 μm (i.e. the cavity length varies by 14 μm), the fundamental frequency light can achieve a frequency tuning bandwidth of 200GHz, and the corresponding 3-5 μm idler light can also achieve a frequency tuning bandwidth of about 200 GHz. The frequency tuning of laser can be realized by adjusting the cavity length of the resonant cavity, and the first temperature control furnace 7 and the second temperature control furnace 8 with high precision are selected, so that the wide bandwidth, high precision and fast speed tunability of linear polarization 1.06 mu m fundamental frequency light are realized.
Besides, the medium-all-fiber tunable medium-infrared single-frequency pulse laser can also realize the adjustment of the loss in the resonant cavity. Specifically, when the reflection peak corresponding to the slow axis of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 is misplaced with the reflection peak of the broadband fiber grating 1, the resonant cavity is in a high-loss state, and laser does not oscillate and lases in the resonant cavity; the temperature control furnace and the piezoelectric ceramics are utilized to change the reflection peak corresponding to the slow axis of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating 4, so that the reflection peak (central reflection wavelength) of the fiber bragg grating pair is re-matched, the loss of a short resonant cavity is reduced (the Q value is improved), namely, a periodic voltage signal is loaded on the piezoelectric ceramics, whether the reflection peaks of the fiber bragg grating pair overlap or not can be controlled, and the high-power density Q-switched pulse state of the fundamental frequency light with the linear polarization of 1.06 mu m is realized.
On the basis of the above, the nonlinear crystal fiber 3 is placed in a Q-switched resonant cavity under high power density operation to perform optical parametric oscillation, and the fundamental frequency light of 1.06 mu m is converted into signal light of 1.5-1.6 mu m through the optical parametric oscillation process in the nonlinear crystal fiber 3. The reflection effect of the front and rear cavity mirrors enables the signal light with the wavelength of 1.5-1.6 mu m to pass through the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 for multiple times, so that resonance enhanced near infrared parametric light is formed, and the conversion efficiency and the power level of idler frequency light with the wavelength of 3-5 mu m are further effectively improved. Meanwhile, under the action of high-tuning performance 1.06 mu m fundamental frequency light, the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is precisely controlled by combining a high-precision temperature control furnace, so that the optimal temperature acceptable bandwidth and phase matching state are obtained, the performances of wide tuning bandwidth, high tuning precision, fast tuning speed and the like of 3-5 mu m idler frequency light are realized, and the mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser is output under the action of the second wavelength division multiplexer 12, the third wavelength division multiplexer 13, the polarization maintaining filter 14 and the polarization maintaining isolator 15.
The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser in the above embodiment comprises: the optical fiber grating comprises a broadband fiber grating 1, a rare earth ion highly doped fiber 2, a nonlinear crystal fiber 3, a narrow-band polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, a first piezoelectric ceramic 5, a second piezoelectric ceramic 6, a first temperature control furnace 7, a second temperature control furnace 8, a third temperature control furnace 9, a pumping source 10, a first wavelength division multiplexer 11, a second wavelength division multiplexer 12, a third wavelength division multiplexer 13, a polarization-maintaining filter 14 and a polarization-maintaining isolator 15. The method comprises the steps of adopting a short resonant cavity to actively tune Q, tune frequency and an inner cavity optical parametric oscillation structure to cooperatively regulate and control stress and temperature loaded on a fiber bragg grating, and obtaining linear polarization fundamental frequency light in a tunable and Q-tuning pulse state; placing the crystal optical fiber in a cavity under high power density, and improving the tuning performance and conversion efficiency of 3-5 mu m idler frequency light; in addition, the short cavity is combined with an all-fiber link, so that single-frequency stable operation of the laser is guaranteed, tuning bandwidth of the middle infrared laser pulse is more than or equal to 200GHz, tuning accuracy is less than or equal to 10MHz, tuning speed is 1 kHz-1 MHz, line width is less than or equal to 10kHz, peak power is more than or equal to 100W, and output of the middle infrared single-frequency pulse laser is achieved under the filtering action of the second wavelength division multiplexer 12, the third wavelength division multiplexer 13, the polarization maintaining filter 14 and the polarization maintaining isolator 15.
In an exemplary embodiment, the transmittance of the broadband fiber grating 1 to the pump light is 90% or more, and the reflectances to the fundamental frequency light, the signal light, and the idler light are 90% or more.
Illustratively, the broadband fiber grating 1 has a transmittance of 99.9% for pump light and a reflectance of 99.9% for fundamental frequency light, signal light, and idler light, for example.
In the above embodiment, the broadband fiber bragg grating 1 has high transmittance for the pump light, ensures that most of the pump light can effectively pass through, has high reflectance for the reflectivity of the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the idler frequency light, ensures that most of the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the idler frequency light can effectively reflect back, avoids light loss, is beneficial to improving the light conversion efficiency of the laser, reduces energy loss and improves the performance of the laser. And secondly, the high-transmissivity and high-reflectivity fiber grating can reduce the influence of external environment factors (such as temperature, pressure and the like) on the grating characteristics, so that the stability of the grating is improved.
In an exemplary embodiment, the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 is uniformly doped with ytterbium or neodymium with high concentration in the fiber core, the gain coefficient of the unit length of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 to the fundamental frequency light is greater than 1dB/cm, and the length of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 is 0.1-10 cm.
Illustratively, for example, the rare earth ion highly doped fiber 2 is a core uniform highly doped ytterbium ion having a gain factor per unit length of 10dB/cm at 1.06 μm, with a length of 1cm used.
In the above embodiment, the gain coefficient of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 for the unit length of the fundamental frequency light is greater than 1dB/cm, so that the optical signal can obtain higher amplifying and oscillating effects in a short service length of the optical fiber. The length of the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber 2 is between 0.1 cm and 10cm, which is relatively short, so that the cavity length of the resonant cavity can be shortened, the interval between adjacent longitudinal modes is increased, and the stability and high-efficiency output of single longitudinal mode (single frequency) operation are improved; in addition, the length, the volume and the weight of the system can be reduced by the shorter optical fiber, and the system is suitable for application scenes with higher requirements on space and weight.
In an exemplary embodiment, the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is a single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal or potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, and the polarization period of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is 25 to 35 μm, the diameter is 50 to 1500 μm, and the length is 0.1 to 10cm; the two ends of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 are plated with a plurality of layers of antireflection films, and the reflectivity of the multilayer antireflection films to pump light, fundamental frequency light, signal light and idler frequency light is less than or equal to 5%.
Illustratively, for example, the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is a single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal having a polarization period of 30 μm, a diameter of 800 μm, and a use length of 2cm; both ends of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 are plated with antireflection films, the reflectivity of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is 2% for the pump light and the fundamental frequency light, and the reflectivity of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is 4% for the signal light and the idler frequency light.
In the embodiment, the single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal or the potassium titanyl phosphate crystal has larger nonlinear coefficient and higher photodamage resistance threshold, and can improve the tuning performance and conversion efficiency of 3-5 mu m idler frequency light by placing the single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal or the potassium titanyl phosphate crystal in a cavity under the operation of high power density of fundamental frequency light; the two ends of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 are plated with a plurality of layers of antireflection films, the reflectivity of the pump light, the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the idler frequency light is less than or equal to 5%, the attenuation and the loss of the laser in the transmission process can be reduced, and the conversion efficiency is further improved.
In an exemplary embodiment, the transmissivity of the narrowband polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 to the fundamental frequency light and the signal light is 5-70%; the transmissivity of the pump light and the idler light is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Illustratively, for example, the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 has a transmittance of 30% at the center wavelength of the fundamental light, a transmittance of 10% at the center wavelength of the signal light, and a transmittance of 99.9% for the pump light and idler light.
In the above embodiment, the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating 4 has low transmittance (high reflectivity) to the fundamental frequency light and the signal light, ensures that the fundamental frequency light and the signal light can be fully reflected and utilized and resonated and enhanced in the front and rear cavity mirrors, and improves the laser power density in the cavity, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the idler frequency light. The narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4 has higher transmissivity to the pump light and the idler light, realizes high transmission efficiency of the idler light, and ensures the output power of the idler light.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 is used to apply a lateral pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the broadband fiber grating 1, and the unit voltage displacement amount of the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 is 20 μm/200V or more.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 is used to apply a lateral pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating 4, and the unit voltage displacement amount of the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 is 1 μm/200V or less.
Illustratively, for example, the unit voltage displacement amount of the first piezoelectric ceramic 5 is 30 μm/200V for applying a lateral pulling force to the broadband fiber grating 1; the unit voltage displacement of the second piezoelectric ceramic 6 is 0.5 μm/200V, and the second piezoelectric ceramic is used for applying transverse tension to the narrow-band polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, and the voltage resolution of a power supply applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic is 0.1V, so that the frequency tuning precision smaller than 10MHz can be realized, and further the wide bandwidth, high precision and fast speed tuning of linear polarization fundamental frequency light can be realized.
In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature control ranges of the first temperature control furnace 7, the second temperature control furnace 8 and the third temperature control furnace 9 are all-20 to 300 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-0.05 ℃.
Illustratively, the first temperature control furnace 7 and the second temperature control furnace 8 respectively perform precise temperature control on the broadband fiber bragg grating 1 and the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating 4, wherein the control ranges are 10-150 ℃ and the temperature control precision is +/-0.05 ℃. The third temperature control furnace 9 performs precise temperature control on the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3, the control temperature is 60 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-0.05 ℃. Based on the above temperature control, when the nonlinear crystal optical fiber 3 is a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, the polarization period is 30 μm, and the control temperature is 60 ℃, the tuning range of the fundamental frequency light is: 1064.00-1064.75 nm, the tuning range of the obtained signal light is as follows: 1557.02-1556.93 nm; the idler tuning range is: 3360.25-3368.14 nm. At this time, the relationship between the idler light, the signal light tuning range and the fundamental light tuning range is shown in fig. 2.
In one exemplary embodiment, the pump side operating wavelength of the second wavelength division multiplexer 12 is 910-980 nm, and the signal side operating wavelength of the second wavelength division multiplexer 12 is 1.06 μm, 1.5-1.6 μm, and 3-5 μm; the pump end operating wavelength of the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 is 1.06 μm, and the signal end operating wavelength of the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 is 1.5-1.6 μm and 3-5 μm.
Illustratively, the second wavelength division multiplexer 12 has a pump end operating wavelength of 980nm, and a signal end operating wavelength of 1.06 μm, 1.5-1.6 μm, and 3-5 μm, with residual 980nm pump light filtered out by the pump end. The third wavelength division multiplexer 13 has a pump end operating wavelength of 1.06 μm, a signal end operating wavelength of 1.5-1.6 μm and 3-5 μm, and residual fundamental frequency light of 1.06 μm is filtered out by the pump end.
In the above embodiment, the second wavelength division multiplexer 12 and the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 play roles in filtering the pump light and the fundamental frequency light in a specific frequency range and retaining the idle frequency light of 3-5 μm in the laser, and by selectively transmitting or filtering the signal laser with a specific wavelength, the frequency regulation of the laser output can be realized, so as to meet the specific application requirements.
In one exemplary embodiment, the polarization maintaining filter 14 is a bandpass filter, and the operating wavelength of the polarization maintaining filter 14 is 3-5 μm.
In the above embodiment, the polarization of the signal light with the wavelength of 1.5-1.6 μm can be filtered by the polarization maintaining filter 14, and the polarization state of the idler frequency light with the wavelength of 3-5 μm is kept unchanged, so that the frequency and polarization regulation of the output laser are realized by selectively transmitting or filtering the signal laser with a specific wavelength range.
In a specific embodiment, based on the selection of the parameters of each device in the above embodiment, the all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser outputs mid-infrared pulse laser with tuning bandwidth of 200GHz, tuning precision of 5MHz, tuning rate of 0.1MHz, line width of 3kHz and peak power of 150W through the output end of the polarization maintaining isolator 15.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "some embodiments," "other embodiments," "desired embodiments," and the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser, comprising: broadband fiber bragg grating, rare earth ion highly doped fiber, nonlinear crystal fiber, narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, first temperature control furnace, second temperature control furnace, third temperature control furnace, pumping source, first wavelength division multiplexer, second wavelength division multiplexer, third wavelength division multiplexer, polarization maintaining filter and polarization maintaining isolator; the tail fiber of the pumping source is connected with the pumping end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the public end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the two ends of the broadband fiber bragg grating, the two ends of the rare earth ion highly doped fiber, the two ends of the nonlinear crystal fiber and one end of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating are sequentially connected to form a short resonant cavity, the other end of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, the public end and the signal end of the second wavelength division multiplexer, the public end and the signal end of the third wavelength division multiplexer, the two ends of the polarization maintaining filter and the input end of the polarization maintaining isolator are sequentially connected, the first piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the side surface of the broadband fiber bragg grating, the second piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, the first temperature control furnace is fixed on the other side surface of the broadband fiber bragg grating, the second temperature control furnace is fixed on the other side surface of the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, and the third temperature control furnace is fixed on the side surface of the nonlinear crystal fiber;
the rare earth ion highly doped optical fiber is used for generating fundamental frequency light with the wavelength of 1.06 mu m under the action of the pumping light; the first temperature control furnace is used for controlling the temperature of the broadband fiber bragg grating, the second temperature control furnace is used for controlling the temperature of the narrowband polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating, the first piezoelectric ceramic is used for controlling the stress loaded on the broadband fiber bragg grating, and the second piezoelectric ceramic is used for controlling the stress loaded on the narrowband polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating so as to realize tuning and Q-tuning of the fundamental frequency light; the nonlinear crystal optical fiber is used for converting the fundamental frequency light into signal light with the wavelength of 1.5-1.6 mu m and idler frequency light with the wavelength of 3-5 mu m, and the third temperature control furnace is used for controlling the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber so as to realize a phase matching state; the idler frequency light sequentially passes through the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer, the polarization maintaining filter and the polarization maintaining isolator to be emitted.
2. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the transmittance of the broadband fiber grating for the pump light is 90% or more, and the reflectances for the fundamental frequency light, the signal light, and the idler light are 90% or more.
3. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the rare-earth ion highly doped fiber is uniformly doped with high-concentration ytterbium or neodymium in a fiber core, the gain coefficient of the rare-earth ion highly doped fiber to the unit length of the fundamental frequency light is greater than 1dB/cm, and the length of the rare-earth ion highly doped fiber is 0.1-10 cm.
4. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear crystal fiber is a single-period polarized lithium niobate crystal or potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, and the polarization period of the nonlinear crystal fiber is 25-35 μm, the diameter is 50-1500 μm, and the length is 0.1-10 cm; the two ends of the nonlinear crystal optical fiber are plated with a plurality of layers of antireflection films, and the reflectivity of the multilayer antireflection films to the pump light, the fundamental frequency light, the signal light and the idler frequency light is less than or equal to 5%.
5. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the transmissivity of the narrowband polarization maintaining fiber grating to the fundamental frequency light and the signal light is 5-70%; the transmissivity of the pump light and the idle frequency light is more than or equal to 90 percent.
6. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the first piezoelectric ceramic is used for applying a transverse pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the broadband fiber grating, and the unit voltage displacement of the first piezoelectric ceramic is greater than or equal to 20 μm/200V.
7. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the second piezoelectric ceramic is used for applying a transverse pulling force or a longitudinal pressing force to the narrow-band polarization maintaining fiber grating, and the unit voltage displacement of the second piezoelectric ceramic is less than or equal to 1 μm/200V.
8. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control ranges of the first temperature control furnace, the second temperature control furnace and the third temperature control furnace are respectively-20-300 ℃ and the temperature control precision is respectively +/-0.05 ℃.
9. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the pump end operating wavelength of the second wavelength division multiplexer is 910-980 nm, and the signal end operating wavelength of the second wavelength division multiplexer is 1.06 μm, 1.5-1.6 μm and 3-5 μm; the working wavelength of the pumping end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is 1.06 mu m, and the working wavelength of the signal end of the third wavelength division multiplexer is 1.5-1.6 mu m and 3-5 mu m.
10. The all-fiber tunable mid-infrared single-frequency pulse laser according to claim 1, wherein the polarization-maintaining filter is a band-pass filter, and the working wavelength of the polarization-maintaining filter is 3-5 μm.
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