CN117219731A - Preparation method of lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece - Google Patents
Preparation method of lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN117219731A CN117219731A CN202311314733.8A CN202311314733A CN117219731A CN 117219731 A CN117219731 A CN 117219731A CN 202311314733 A CN202311314733 A CN 202311314733A CN 117219731 A CN117219731 A CN 117219731A
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- coating
- pole piece
- negative electrode
- composite pole
- slurry
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing slurry of a first coating 1, wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener, and a gas-generating component; s2, preparing slurry of the second coating 2, wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener; and ensuring that the content proportion of the active main material in the second coating is higher than that in the first coating; s3, coating the slurry of the first coating 1 and the slurry of the second coating 2 on each side of the current collector 3 by adopting a double-layer coating machine at one time, so that each side surface of the current collector 3 is uniformly coated with the first coating 1 and the second coating 2, and a composite pole piece is manufactured; s4, sending the composite pole piece into a baking oven, and baking for a period of time to prepare a lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece; in conclusion, compared with the conventional high-compaction negative electrode plate, the negative electrode plate with the same surface density and the same compaction density prepared by the method has higher porosity, and the infiltration speed and the liquid saturation amount of the electrode plate in electrolyte are higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece.
Background
Electrochemical energy storage power stations represented by lithium batteries currently enter a high-speed development period, and the capacity requirements on single lithium batteries are also higher and higher. Currently 280Ah is already the main current battery of an electrochemical energy storage power station, and from the development of the current stage, the single battery capacity of the next stage is 314Ah, and the battery with higher capacity is in the development stage, which requires the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery to have high surface density and high compaction performance, but this means that the difficulty of infiltration of the winding core in the electrode liquid is increased, and the polarization resistance of the battery core is correspondingly increased.
As in the prior art, patent CN115275109a is a method for preparing a positive electrode composite pole piece, which has the technical route that two kinds of granular lithium iron phosphate materials with different sizes are coated into two layers of dressing layers, so as to construct a high-compaction positive electrode piece; the scheme has the advantages that the pole piece with higher compaction can be manufactured, but the risk of the porosity of the pole piece is reduced, the infiltration effect of the pole piece in electrolyte is limited, and the transmission capacity of lithium ions in the pole piece is affected.
Therefore, in order to solve the difficult problem of infiltration of the high-compaction and high-surface-density negative electrode plate in the electrolyte, it is necessary to purposefully design a double-layer composite negative electrode plate to improve the infiltration speed of the electrode plate in the electrolyte, thereby improving the battery performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the preparation method of the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing slurry of a first coating, wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener, and a gas-generating component;
s2, preparing slurry of a second coating, wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener; and ensuring that the content proportion of the active main material in the second coating is higher than that in the first coating;
s3, coating the slurry of the first coating and the slurry of the second coating on each side of the current collector by adopting a double-layer coating machine at one time, so that each side surface of the current collector is uniformly coated with the first coating and the second coating, and a composite pole piece is manufactured;
and S4, conveying the composite pole piece into a baking oven, and baking for a period of time to prepare the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece.
Preferably, in the step S1, the content of the active main material is 97% -98.5%, the content of the conductive agent is 0.5% -1.5%, the total amount of the binder and the thickener is 1% -1.5%, and the content of the gas generating component is 0.1% -1%.
Preferably, in step S2, the active main material content is 97.5% -98.5%, the conductive agent content is 0.5% -1.5%, and the total amount of the binder and the thickener is 1% -1.5%.
Preferably, the conductive agent in the step S1 is a carbon conductive material, and the gas generating component is carbonyl or carboxyl organic matters;
the middle conductive agent in the step S2 is porous conductive hard carbon;
the active main materials in the step S1 and the step S2 are graphite, and the graphite adopted in the step S1 and the step S2 is graphite with different grain size grades;
the binder and thickener in step S1 and in step S2 comprise CMC, SBR or PAA materials.
Preferably, in step S3, the current collector is any one of a copper foil and a carbon-coated copper foil, wherein the thickness of the copper foil is 5-10 μm; the thickness of the carbon-coated copper foil is 9-14 mu m, the thickness of the first coating is 60-100 mu m, and the thickness of the second coating is 40-80 mu m.
Preferably, in step S4, the baking temperature of the oven is set at 80-125 ℃, and during the baking process, when the internal temperature reaches 60-95 ℃, the gas generating component is decomposed at high temperature, so that a spongy porous structure coating is formed on the first coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly utilizes the gas generating component and the porous conductive hard carbon to realize the aim of improving the porosity of the pole piece, and particularly, the slurry of the first coating and the slurry of the second coating are coated on each side of the current collector at one time through a double-layer coating machine, so that the gas generating component of the first coating and the porous conductive hard carbon of the second coating can be combined for use;
the gas generating component of the first coating is decomposed at high temperature between 60 and 95 ℃ in the baking stage, so that the absolute content of the gas generating component and byproducts thereof can be reduced, and a spongy porous structure can be formed in the first coating;
the porous buffer zone formed in the first coating by the porous structure can effectively avoid the situation that the porous conductive hard carbon is crushed under high compaction and high surface density, and effectively avoid the situation that the porous conductive hard carbon in the second coating is crushed and collapses, thereby realizing the aim of high porosity of the negative plate;
in conclusion, compared with the conventional high-compaction negative electrode plate, the negative electrode plate with the same surface density and the same compaction density prepared by the method has higher porosity, and the infiltration speed and the liquid saturation amount of the electrode plate in electrolyte are higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural layers of a composite pole piece of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparative plot of porosity according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of negative liquid saturation of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of the negative gram capacity vs.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the preparation method of the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing slurry of a first coating layer 1, wherein the slurry comprises the following components:
the active main material contains 97% -98.5% of graphite;
a conductive agent, the content of which is 0.5% -1.5%; the conductive agent is generally carbon conductive material;
a binder and a thickener, both having a total content of 1% to 1.5%, the binder and thickener comprising CMC, SBR and PAA materials;
the gas producing component comprises 0.1% -1%; the gas generating component is carbonyl or carboxyl organic matters similar to urea, and does not contain any metal element;
s2, preparing a slurry of the second coating 2, wherein the slurry comprises the following components:
the content of the active main material is 97.5-98.5%, the content proportion of the active main material in the second coating is higher than that in the first coating, and graphite is generally selected as the active main material;
the content of the conductive agent is 0.5% -1.5%, the conductive agent is porous conductive hard carbon, the porosity of the conductive agent is about 50%, and an electrolyte transmission path and an ion transmission path can be effectively constructed;
a binder and a thickener, both in a total amount of 1% to 1.5%, the binder and thickener comprising CMC, SBR or PAA material;
s3, coating the slurry of the first coating 1 and the slurry of the second coating 2 on each side of the current collector 3 by adopting a double-layer coating machine at one time, so that each side surface of the current collector 3 is uniformly coated with the first coating 1 and the second coating 2, and a composite pole piece shown in figure 1 is manufactured;
wherein the current collector 3 is any one of copper foil and carbon-coated copper foil, and if the copper foil is selected, the thickness is selected to be 5-10 mu m; if the carbon-coated copper foil is selected, the thickness of the carbon-coated copper foil is selected to be 9-14 mu m;
the thickness of the first coating layer 1 is 60-100 mu m, and the thickness of the second coating layer 2 is 40-80 mu m;
in the step, a double-layer coating machine is utilized to coat two layers of coatings at one time, so that the two layers of coatings can be prevented from forming obvious interface phases, and the adhesion of contact areas of the two layers of coatings is improved;
and S4, conveying the composite pole piece into a baking oven, and setting the baking temperature of the baking oven between 80 and 125 ℃, so that abnormal phenomena such as cracking and the like of the pole piece can be effectively avoided, and in the baking process, when the internal temperature reaches 60 to 95 ℃, the gas-generating component can be decomposed at high temperature, and at the moment, a spongy porous structure coating is formed on the first coating, and then, after a period of baking, the anode composite pole piece of the lithium battery is finally manufactured.
In the above-mentioned slurry of the first coating layer 1 and the slurry of the second coating layer 2, the graphite adopted is graphite with different grain size grades, so that when the slurry of the first coating layer 1 and the slurry of the second coating layer 2 are coated on each side of the current collector 3 at one time, the pole piece compaction can be improved.
The preparation method provided by the invention is used for preparing a lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece, and comparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece with a single-layer negative electrode pole piece prepared by a conventional scheme, and comprises the following specific operations:
the preparation method of the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece comprises the following operation steps:
the first coating slurry formulation: the active main material is artificial graphite, and the percentage content is 97%; the conductive agent is SP, and the percentage content is 1%; the adhesive and the thickener are CMC and SBR respectively, and the adhesive and the thickener are added in 1.5 percent together in equal proportion; the gas producing component is carbonyl of urea, and the percentage content of the carbonyl is 0.5%;
the second coating slurry formulation: the active main material is artificial graphite with the percentage content of 97.5 percent, but the graphite is of different grain size grades; the conductive agent is porous hard carbon, and the percentage content of the conductive agent is 1.3 percent; the adhesive and the thickener are CMC and SBR respectively, and the adhesive and the thickener are added in 1.2 percent together in equal proportion;
preparing a copper foil as a current collector having a thickness of 6 μm;
coating the first coating slurry and the second coating slurry on the copper foil by using a double-layer coating die head, feeding the copper foil into an oven, controlling the temperature of the oven to be 25-80 ℃, controlling the highest temperature to be not more than 125 ℃, controlling the outlet temperature to be not less than 80 ℃, and ensuring that the pole piece is dried when the pole piece is discharged from the oven;
the thickness of the first coating after final compaction is 92 mu m, and the thickness of the second coating is 45 mu m;
the surface density and the compaction density of the single-layer negative electrode plate prepared by the conventional scheme are consistent with those of the composite negative electrode plate in the example, and the total amount of active substances is also consistent with that of the lithium battery negative electrode composite electrode plate of the invention;
comparing the prepared lithium battery negative pole bipolar pole piece:
(1) Pole piece porosity contrast: the porosities of the two electrode plates are respectively tested by using a mercury porosimeter, and the measured data are referred to a porosity comparison chart of FIG. 2, so that the porosity of the composite negative electrode plate is higher than that of the conventional negative electrode plate by 5.6%;
(2) Pole piece imbibition rate and liquid saturation amount contrast: the pole piece suspension mass method is utilized to test the change of the pole piece mass which is completely immersed in the electrolyte, the reduced mass is the saturated liquid amount of the two pole pieces, the time required for reaching mass balance is the rate of the pole pieces when the pole pieces are fully immersed, and the negative pole saturated liquid performance comparison chart of the figure 3 shows that under the same size and mass, the saturated liquid amount of the conventional negative pole piece is about 22.2g, and the time required for reaching saturated liquid is about 55min; the liquid saturation amount of the composite negative electrode sheet is about 26.7g, and the time required for reaching the liquid saturation is about 35min, so that the infiltration speed of the composite negative electrode sheet in the electrolyte is shown to be due to the conventional negative electrode sheet, and the liquid saturation performance is also shown to be due to the conventional negative electrode sheet;
(3) Negative electrode button gram capacity performs contrast: the two types of pole pieces are made into negative pole buckling, and the capacity exertion under the multiplying power of 0.04C, 0.1C, 0.2C and 0.5C is respectively tested, and the comparison graph of the negative pole gram capacity of the figure 4 shows that the two types of negative pole piece gram capacity exertion are basically consistent under the low multiplying power; under high multiplying power, gram capacity of the composite negative electrode sheet is obviously higher than that of a conventional negative electrode sheet, and the composite negative electrode sheet is higher in porosity, faster in ion transmission capacity, smaller in polarization and higher in gram capacity under high multiplying power, so that electrochemical performance of the high-surface-density negative electrode is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing slurry of a first coating (1), wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener, and a gas-generating component;
s2, preparing slurry of a second coating (2), wherein the slurry comprises an active main material, a conductive agent, a binder and a thickener; and ensuring that the content proportion of the active main material in the second coating is higher than that in the first coating;
s3, coating the slurry of the first coating (1) and the slurry of the second coating (2) on each side of the current collector (3) at one time by adopting a double-layer coating machine, so that each side surface of the current collector 3 is uniformly coated with the first coating (1) and the second coating (2) to prepare a composite pole piece;
and S4, conveying the composite pole piece into a baking oven, and baking for a period of time to prepare the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece.
2. The method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the content of the active main material is 97% -98.5%, the content of the conductive agent is 0.5% -1.5%, the total amount of the binder and the thickener is 1% -1.5%, and the content of the gas production component is 0.1% -1%.
3. The method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the content of the active main material is 97.5% -98.5%, the content of the conductive agent is 0.5% -1.5%, and the total amount of the binder and the thickener is 1% -1.5%.
4. The method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the conductive agent in the step S1 is a carbon conductive material, and the gas generating component is any one of carbonyl and carboxyl organic matters;
the middle conductive agent in the step S2 is porous conductive hard carbon;
the active main materials in the step S1 and the step S2 are graphite, and the graphite adopted in the step S1 and the step S2 is graphite with different grain size grades;
the binder and thickener in step S1 and step S2 include CMC, and any one of SBR and PAA materials.
5. The method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the current collector (3) is any one of copper foil and carbon-coated copper foil, wherein the thickness of the copper foil is 5-10 mu m; the thickness of the carbon-coated copper foil is 9-14 mu m, the thickness of the first coating (1) is 60-100 mu m, and the thickness of the second coating (2) is 40-80 mu m.
6. The method for preparing the lithium battery negative electrode composite pole piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S4, the baking temperature of the oven is set at 80-125 ℃, and during the baking process, when the internal temperature reaches 60-95 ℃, the gas generating component is decomposed at high temperature, so that a porous structure coating is formed on the first coating.
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